Increasing Women Political Participation in Indonesia
Women’s Empowerment and Gender Integration WorkshopBali, 19 February 2014
Women Political Representation in National Parliament
1950
- 19
55
1955
- 19
60
1971
- 19
77
1977
- 19
82
1982
- 19
87
1987
- 19
92
1992
- 19
97
1997
- 19
99
1999
- 20
04
2004
- 20
09
2009
- 20
14
0.0%2.0%4.0%6.0%8.0%
10.0%12.0%14.0%16.0%18.0%
3.8%6.3%
7.8%6.3%
8.5%
13.0%12.5%
10.8%9.0%
11.6%
18.0%
Women Representation in Indonesia
Parliament Period
Perc
enta
ge
Women civil servants in 34 Ministries
women; 41%
men; 59%
N = 503,554Data from 2011
Evolution of TAF’s Election and Women Political Participation program
1999
First democratic electionTAF supported the
establishment of the first national network for voters education
and election observers, voters’
survey
Challenges• In experienced
EMBs• Voter registration• Very low% women
elected due to political fragmentation
2004Legislative
election + first direct
presidential election
TAF supported comprehensive
election observation, voters survey, media campaign, training
elected women parliamentarian
Challenges• Voter registration• Result counting
and verification• Insignificant effect
or increase after quota
2005-2009
First local direct elections +legislative election
TAF supported election observation,
voter surveys, candidates training,
media campaign, advocacy for
improvement of quota system, caucus
Challenges• Voter registration• Vote buying• Fraud counted by
EMBs• Low quota
compliance • Lack of donor
support
2012-2014
Legislative election + local direct elections
TAF supported research on election
budget, quota, independent verification of
election. TAF is supporting
voters information, voter education,
candidates training, and verification of
election resultsChallenges• Tracking
candidates (records, promises)
• Vote buying• Resistance to
international assistance
Indonesia Election in numbers
• Over 180 million registered voters (an additional 3 million overseas voters)
Approximately 6 million Indonesians employed in administering, supervising and securing the elections
Seat contested: • 560 seats for National Parliament• 132 seats for Regional Representatives (DPD) • 2,112 seats for Provincial Parliaments • 16, 895 seats for Regents / Cities Parliaments
Approximately 200,000 candidates 12 national parties and 3 local parties in Aceh
2014 Elections• 9 April 2014: Legislative Elections (for national,
provincial and regional parliaments)• 9 July 2014: Presidential Election• 20 September 2014: Second-round of Presidential
Election (if necessary)
Ongoing: Regional Head elections (average of one election every 3-4 days in Indonesia)
Checklist gender mainstreaming in election programElectoral Issues Gender issues Program
StrategiesWomen’s Political Participation: Women’s political participation is not only about voting, but also about women becoming advocates, activists, political party members and candidates. Political parties often control decisions about nominations for public office, positions on the candidates’ lists and support during campaigns and after the elections.
• What is the role of political parties in determining women’s opportunities sin running for public office?
• To what extent have women’s specific issues become part of national political debates and been given serious consideration in the work of the legislature?
• What was the experience of women who ran for office in the last elections at the national and local levels?
• Election Observation that capture the challenges for women to be running for public office
• Voters Education on promoting gender issues to be discussed by candidates.
• Capacity building for women candidates
Checklist gender mainstreaming in election programElectoral Issues Gender Issues Program
StrategiesVoter Registration:To be able to participate in voting in Indonesia, one must be registered and appear on the voters list. Regardless of the type of system used for voters’ registration, the lists should be compiled in a manner that is clear and transparent, and voters should have an easy way to check for mistakes and correct inaccuracies. The accuracy and inclusiveness of the lists are important in ensuring the full participation of women voters.
• Is information on registration (dates, timing and registration process) accessible for all eligible women and men voters in all localities?
• Are there mechanisms to be followed that ensure the right of illiterate women or those with difficulty in communicating to register as voters?
• Are the voters’ lists already with the disaggregated information of women and men voters, age, ethnicity, and geographical location?
• Election Observation on voters registration
• Voters Education on how to vote? (ensuring voters understand the election processes from registration to voting)
Checklist gender mainstreaming in election programElectoral Issues Gender Issues Program
StrategiesVoter Information and Education: Voter education is an important and critical measure to enhance women’s participation in elections, specifically when women are not used to playing an active role in elections and political processes. Voter education includes the dissemination of basic election information (“voter information”), such as that regarding voting rights, the election system, parties and candidates, as well as where, when and how to vote.
• Are voter education programs conducted with consideration to gender and specific needs of women and men at all levels?
• Do voter education messages promote a positive image of women as leaders and politicians in order to encourage women’s participation in political processes?
• To what extent are women involved in the design of voter information and education programs and materials?
• Conducting baseline survey
• Assessment on partners capacity
• Engaging various type of partners (CSO, academics / universities, election commissions, etc).
2009 and 2014 Election: Increased the Electability of Women Candidates
Assessment on women candidates
and legislators
Developing tools /
instruments
Capacity Building
through: -Trainings,
-Mentoring, -Constituent
meeting, -Media-
campaign
Spatial Distribution of Women’s Candidacy in 2009 Election
Regions with women candidates < 29%Regions with women candidates ≥ 29%
Local condition has strong impact on women’s candidacy. Amongst many factors are: access, participation, culture, non-functioning political parties, weak economic condition, weak civil society organizations and network.
Assessment 2009 Elections Results
No. 1 No. 2 No.3 No.40%5%
10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%
National
Provincial
Regents / Cities
44%
29%
20%
7%
41%
20%24%
14%
41%
23%18% 18%
Elected women candidates and their po-sition on candidates lists
National Provincial Regents / Cities
Representation and parties numbers
National 9 parties18% women
Provincial38 parties obtained seats 16% women
Regents / Cities43 parties obtained seats12% women
Trainings for women candidates
2009 Election 2014 Election
Number of training 15 trainings 25 trainings Number of participants
487 women candidates
934 women candidates
Elected 107 women … Training Materials:
Women and Politics Meaningful representation in politics Election Systems Targeting your votes Campaign strategies
Post election program approaches
Capacity-building for women legislators and
candidates
Partnerships with executives
Empowerment of women at grassroots
level
Increasing number of discriminatory local regulations
2009 2010 2011 2012 20130
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
154
189207
282
342
Strengthened public participati
on in elections
Improved capacity and sustainability of CSO and
university partnersImproved
communication between
CSO / university
partners and EMBs
Strengthened CSO
coordination and
information sharing
Better independent verification of
elections
Electorate makes better-
informed voting decisions
Australia Indonesia Electoral Support Program (AIESP)
2013 Perception Survey
Objectives: • Strategies for voters education and voters information • Recommendations to CSO, EMBs (KPU)
Respondents:• 2.760 respondents, 460 in each province (over-sampled 3
x 30 respondents) Data collection:
• September – October 2013 Location:
• AIESP areas: DKI Jakarta, Aceh, East Java, East Kalimantan, South Sulawesi, NTT
Survey Results 1
women3%
men44%no dif -
ference48%
not know5%
When men and women candidates has equal background, who would you prefer to represent
you?
Survey Results 1 (cont.)
representation for promoting women rights
more attentive
sensitive
less corrupt
more wisely
0.00% 50.00% 100.00%
63.50%
8.10%
6.80%
4.10%
4.10%
Why vote for women?
men born to be a leader
religious teaching
firm
charismatic
responsible
stronger
wise
more active
quick response
0.00%
10.00
%20
.00%
30.00
%40
.00%
34%
18%
30%
10%
6%
6%
3%
3%
2%
Why vote for men?
Survey Results 2
Will not vote for him / her
77%
Will consider to vote 12%
Not know11%
Will you vote for a candidate living with disabil-ity?
Building sustainable partnerships
22
Strengthened and sustainable civic
participation in elections
Universitie
s
Research &
Advocacy Organizati
ons
Community Based Organiza
tions
Working tools Please contact [email protected] to see these tools.
AIESP M&E Plan AIESP Gender Action Plan AIESP Online Monitoring and Evaluation
Platform: www.monevelectiontaf.com Partner Report template:
• Activity report• Quarterly report
Report template to DFAT Monitoring & Evaluation for Norway Pro
gram
1. Expand the meaning and practices of political representation through increase in women candidacy and electability also take opportunity to push for equitable public policy agenda.
2. Draft common agenda to eliminate inequality in power relationship; recognize and reject gender blind attitude in political institutions.
3. Strengthen network and coalition amongst women leaders, decision makers with civil society organizations and activist, as well as women’s community at the grass-root level.
Urgency of New Agenda for Women in Politics
THE END