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IAS OUR DREAM NOTES COMPILATIONs Part 6
What is the correct sequence of the rivers Godavari, Mahanadi, Narmada and Ta
pi in the descending order of their lengths?
(a) Godavari-Mahanadi-Narmada-Tapi
(b) Godavari-Narmada-Mahanadi-Tapi
(c) Narmada-Godavari-Tapi-Mahanadi
(d) Narmada-Tapi-Godavari-Mahanadi
Ans - (b) godavari, narmada, mahanadi, tapi
Nanda Devi peak forms a part of(a) Assam Himalayas
(b) Kumaon Himalayas
(c) Nepal Himalayas
(d) Punjab Himalayas
Ans - Nanda Devi peak forms a part of Kumaon Himalayas located in Chamoli
district of Uttaranchal.
Amongst the following Indian States which one has the minimum total forest co
ver?
(a) Sikkim (b) Goa (c) Haryana (d) Kerala
Ans- Haryana is the state which has 6.83% of area is forest cover area of the tot
al land coverage, whereas Sikkim has 36%, 38.5 of Goa and 28.9% of Kerala ha
s forest area of total land mass.
# # First Indian to enter was Civil Services S.N. Tagore in 1863-64....Till 1871 t
hree Indians selected.... name them ?
Ans - - Surendranath Banerjee , RC Dutt , Brij lal Gupta
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# # "Democracy is of the 1%,by the 1%, for the 1%."...who said this ?
Ans - Joseph Stilgitz
# # Isostasy
=> - Isostasy is a term used in geology to refer to the state of gravitational equil
ibrium between the earth 's lithosphere and asthenosphere such that the tectonic
plates "float" at an elevation which depends on their thickness and density.
=> This concept is invoked to explain how different topographic heights can exist at the Earth's surface. When a certain area of lithosphere reaches the state of i
sostasy, it is said to be in isostatic equilibrium . Isostasy is not a process that ups
ets equilibrium, but rather one which restores it (a negative feedback).
=> It is generally accepted that the Earth is a dynamic system that responds to l
oads in many different ways. However, isostasy provides an important 'view' of
the processes that are happening in areas that are experiencing vertical moveme
nt.=> Certain areas (such as the Himalayas) are not in isostatic equilibrium, which
has forced researchers to identify other reasons to explain their topographic heig
hts (in the case of the Himalayas, which are still rising, by proposing that their e
levation is being "propped-up" by the force of the impacting Indian plate ).
=> In the simplest example, isostasy is the principle of buoyancy where an obje
ct immersed in a liquid is buoyed with a force equal to the weight of the displac
ed liquid.
=> On a geological scale, isostasy can be observed where the Earth's strong lith
osphere exerts stress on the weaker asthenosphere which, over geological time f
lows lateral
# # Joan of Arc ??
** She was hero of France, originally a peasant girl who travelled from the coun
tryside to Paris to meet the French King who had lost half of his empire to the E
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nglish during the 100yr war...
** She inspired him by swing that she had visions from god and god wanted hi
m to take France back from the English.... Under her inspirational leadership the
French made significant advances on the English.** During a siege she was captured by Burgandians and handed to the English
who tried her for being a witch and burned her at the stake....
** Many years after her death, the church admitted it's mistake and beatified her
into a saint... Also called John of Arc and The Maid of Florance
# # Illa pathak
=> the founder of Ahmedabad Womens Action Group (AWAG).
=> IIa Pathak was the president of India Chapter of Womens International Lea
gue for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) and served as professor in H K Arts Colle
ge.
=> She was the vice-President of Peoples Union for Civil Liberties (PUCL) and
she played a key role in movement for justice to the victims of 2002 riots of Gujarat.
# # Aishwarya Rai
the brand ambassador for The Eye Bank Association of India's nationwide ca
mpaign to promote eye donation in India
In 2005 she became a brand ambassador for Pulse Polio, a campaign establishe
d by the Government of India in 1994 to eradicate polio in India
In the same year, Rai was appointed spokesperson for the International Year of
Microcredit, raising awareness of the main goals and priorities of the United Na
tions' poverty alleviation efforts
In February 2005 Rai performed alongside other Bollywood stars at the HELP
! Telethon Concert, an event to raise money for the victims of the 2004 tsunami
earthquake
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# # Where does Panchayati Raj does not exist in India ?
Ans - Currently, the Panchayati Raj system exists in all the states except Nagal
and , Meghalaya and Mizoram (have elected village councils) , and in all Union
Territories except Delhi.
=> In Assam, Panchayati Raj Institutions do not exist in 6 districts covered unde
r Autonomous Councils. These 6 districts are Karbi Anglong , North Cachar , B
aksha , Kokrajhar , Chirang and Udalguri.
=> The areas under Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council (TAADC) do not have
Panchayati Raj Institutions but they have Elected Village Committees. Rest of T
ripura has Panchayati Raj
Institutions.
=> In Manipur, the hill areas consisting of the Districts Senapati , Churachandp
ur , Ukhrul , Tamenglong
and Chandel are not covered under Panchayati Raj Institutions. Rest of Manipurhas PRIs.
# # Mayos resolution (1870)
Ans - - From 1870 that Viceroy Lord Mayo's Resolution (for decentralisation of
power to bring about administrative efficiency in meeting people's demand and
to add to the finances of colonial regime) gave the needed impetus to the develo
pment of local institutions. It was a landmark in the evolution of colonial policy
towards local government.
** Lord Mayo`s resolution had delineated- "Local interest, supervision, and c
are are necessary to success in the management of the funds devoted to educatio
n,sanitation, medical relief, and local public works. The operation of this resolut
ion in its full meaning and integrity will afford opportunities for the developmen
t of self- government, for strengthening municipal institution, and for the associ
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ation of Natives and Europeans to a greater extent than heretofore in the admini
stration of affairs".
** Numerous provincial governments authorised municipal acts to execute the p
olicy drafted. The Bengal District Board Cess Act, 1871 was the initiative towards implementing local self-government in pastoral Bengal. Parallel acts were pa
ssed in Madras, North-Western Provinces and Punjab.
# # Anchalik panchayat
Ans - Assam Panchayat Act 1994: A three-tier system with Zilla Parishad has been introducedGaon Panchayat, Anchalik Panchayat and Zilla Parishad.
Anchalik Panchayats: STRUCTURE
a. Presidentto be elected by the elected members of the Anchalik Panchayats.
b. Vice President - to be elected by the elected members of the Anchalik Pancha
yats.
c. Members
1. One member from each Gaon Panchayat area to be directly elected by people.2. President of the Gaon Panchayats falling within the jurisdiction of the
Anchalik Panchayat.
3. Members of Parliament and Legislative Assembly.
FUNCTIONS: -
a. Preparation of Annual Plan in respect of the schemes entrusted to it by virtue
of the Act and those assigned to it by the Government or the Zilla Parishad and
submission thereof to the Zill Parishad within the prescribed time for integration
with the District Plan;
b. Consideration and consolidation of the Annual Plans of all Gaon Panchayats
under the Anchalik Panchayat and submission of consolidated plan to the Zilla
Parishad;
c. Preparation of Annual Budget of the Anchalik Panchayat and submission to Z
illa Parishad for approval within the prescribed time;
d. Performing such functions and executing such works as may be entrusted to it
by government or the Zilla Parishad;
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e. To assist the government in relief operation in natural calamities;
f. Such other development works as may be entrusted.
COMMITTEES :-
Anchalik Panchayat: Three committees, they are
=> a. General standing committee.
=> b. Finance, Audit and Planning committee.
=> c. Social justice committee.
Members: Each standing committee shall consists of such number of members n
ot exceeding six including the Chairman, as may be specified by the Anchalik Panchayat and chosen by the Anchalik Panchayat from amongst its members.
Functions: The standing committee shall perform the functions relating to the de
velopment of the rural areas and its people to the extent powers are delegated fr
om the Anchalik Panchayat.
# # Fatwa-i-Alamgiri.
Ans - Fatawa-e-Alamgiri is a compilation of law created at instance of the Mug
hal Emperor Aurangzeb (who was also known as 'Alamgir'). This compilation is
based on Sunni Islam 's Sharia law, and was the work of many scholars, princip
ally from the Hanafi school.
** In order to compile it Aurangzeb gathered 500 fuqaha , 300 from the Indian s
ubcontinent, 100 from Iraq and 100 from the Hejaz .
** This codified work served as the primary source for exercising and impleme
nting the national laws according to Islamic code of law.
** It consists of exhaustive number of possible situations and their juristic rulin
gs by the great Hanafi jurists of the time.
** The Fatawa-e-Alamgiri is notable for several reasons:
> It spanned 30 volumes
> It served as the basis of law and doctrine imposed by Aurangzeb throughout h
is empire.
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> One of its compiler was Shah Abdul Rahim, founder of Madrassah e Rahimiy
yah, whose son was Shah Waliullah the last of the Muslim scholars of India.
# # Mrudang
=> a percussion instrument from India of ancient origin. It is the primary rhyth
mic accompaniment in a Carnatic music and Newa music ensemble.
=> The mridangam is also played in Carnatic concerts in countries outside of In
dia, including Sri Lanka, Singapore , Malaysia, Australia, UK, Canada , and the
U S.=> The mridangam is a double-sided drum whose body is usually made using a
hollowed piece of jackfruit wood about an inch thick. The two mouths or apertu
res of the drum are covered with a goatskin and laced to each other with leather
straps around the circumference of drum.
=> These straps are put into a state of high tension to stretch out the circular me
mbranes on either side of the hull, allowing them to resonate when struck. Thes
e two membranes are dissimilar in width to allow for the production of both bass and treble sounds from the same drum.
=> The combination of two inhomogeneous circular membranes allows for the
production of unique and distinct harmonics.
=> Pioneering work on the mathematics of these harmonics was done by Nobel
Prize winning physicist C. V. Raman.
=> Significant players of the mridangam in modern times are Dr.T.K.Murthy, U
mayalpuram K. Sivaraman , Vellore G. Ramabhadran , Trichy Sankaran, B. Har
ikumar, Karaikudi Mani, Madurai T. Srinivasan (Seenakutti), Yella Venkateswa
ra Rao, Srimushnam Raja Rao, Thiruvarur Bakthavathsalam , Mahadevu Laksh
mi Narayana Raju, Cheluvaraj Trichur C Narendran who have been playing and
advancing the technique since decades.
# # Pakhavaj
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=> The pakhavaj or mridang is an Indian barrel-shaped, two-headed drum, [1] a
variant and descendant of the mridang .
=> It is the standard percussion instrument in the dhrupad style and is widely us
ed as an accompaniment for various forms of music and dance performances.=> The pakhavaj has a low, mellow tone, very rich in harmonics. Set horizontall
y on a cushion in front of the drummer's crossed leg, the larger bass-skin is play
ed with the left hand, the treble skin by the right hand.
=> The bass face is smeared with wet wheat dough which acts as the kiran and i
s the cause of the vivid, bass sound the pakhavaj produces.
=> Hindustani music....finds a mention in Ain i Akbari
# # Lyttons Resolution 1877.
=> The British parliament passed the Royal Titles Act investing queen Victoria
with the title of Kaiser-I-hind or the Queen empress of India. However a grand
Durbar was held at Delhi on 1st January 1877 to announce the Queen`s assumpt
ion of title.=> Unfortunately the durbar was held during the time when several parts of Indi
a were stricken with famine. The government of Lytton spent a million, when m
illions of Indians were dying in poverty and starvation.
=> This induced hatred among the Indians against the government of Lytton. Th
e historians have opined that the durbar marked the beginning of the movement,
which filed the educated Indian with the idea of obtaining a rightful place in the
Empire.
=> The educated Indians began to assert themselves. It was after that vast assem
blage of 1877 that S.N Bannerjee thought to organize an association of the India
ns to voice out their grievance.
=> Thus the policies adopted by the government of Lord Lytton indirectly awak
ened the nationalist tendencies in India.
# # How did the US aloofness is one of the reasons for WWII
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=> League of Nations was a failure due to the nations not being concerned abou
t the objectivity of its organizational basis.
=> Moreover, the Financial crisis after the first world war shackled the Europe and these country being made totally dependent on US. Later, the means of wasti
ng resources was probably a much unwise decision as US felt and struggled one
of the greatest depression in history.
=> Still, Germany and the other countries totally have their propaganda of biase
d behaviour kept in their mind taking revenge of the pacts laden upon them; and
this time the norms were much stringent and the bigger powers were busy resol
ving their own problems.=> Although, the scenarios after the first world war kept US aloof and so forth a
nother conflict of interest took place in the absence of negotiation measures in t
he form of ww 2..
=>france actions were quite revengeful....wit Germany ...but akela UK was not
able to contain it since US remained Aloof !
=> but ek reason ye bhi hai ki fasict countries ke leader that is hitler aur mussoli
ni communism ke khilaf the,,,,aur Usa ko dar tha ki communism expand na ho jaaye(jo ki capitalist countries ke liye khatra ho sakti hai) ,islie USA ne germany
ka east ward expansion nahi roka,,,
=> Wars took place for the colonial and sovereign expansion and US and her int
erests can be best described by the means of her announcement of fighting for D
emocracy and the same had been pioneered by Woodrow Wilson.
=> Regardless,The inherited feature of US and allied big powers was absolutely
opposing the Communism (Socio-Communism at that time) and even US disap
proved the Russian Government. US did not interfere with the Asian Powers too
like Japan(opposing Russia) which was at best also in its marine strength at that
time.
=> So, the world war was just a result of the extremist diplomacy taken care by
powers having the attitude for the denial of socio-economic changes taking plac
e at that time.
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# # Should der be a separate Department for Nano technology just as v hv
one for BIOTECHNOLOGY ....make a SWOT analysis\
=> No,,research and developmental activities in the field of nanotechnology arenot upto that level in india so if v hv a department dont u feel it can receive a im
petus ? .. IT biotech nd nano tech can paly wonders in terms of economny if thin
ks hppn in a positive direction as it is not jus management nd research ...der also
risk factors associated wit nano particles but we dont have human resources in t
his field,,,for this we have to provide nanotech education in our courses,,resultin
g in more expansion in this field ,,,more the number of scientists,,,,then we can
have its separate department,,,=> der r subjcts on nanoltchnology in su engi unniversities bt d thing s dat dey r
n givn much importance nd hav to creat awareness abt d sub in respect wit hw it
cn ak it up ou nation in technology field....nd projcts in d education, shld b prov
ided wit subsidies on the subjctd projcts nd b ncouragd wit importance, assurin
dem by recruitin if d projct s gud nd by dis wae d no. f pupils on dis tech ll grad
ually incr whic leads to creation f seperate dept...
=> I dont see any harm in it. It would promote nanotechnology in India be it in industry,
=> sheep and goat breeds
# # Tellicherry, Jamunapari, Barberi, Osmanabadi, Malaberi,Kashmeri, Beetal,
Surti, Gujarati.
# # Talwandi Sabo Power Limited (TSPL)
=> incorporated as an SPV by Punjab State Electricity Board (PSEB) with the p
urpose of constructing a 1980 (3x660) MW thermal power plant at Village Bana
wala, Mansa- Talwandi Sabo Road, District Mansa, Punjab, India.
=> Sterlite Energy Limited (a Vedanta group company) was selected as the deve
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loper of the project for supply of 100% power to Punjab State Electricity Board
(PSEB) for 25 years as per the guidelines of GOI.
=>.Talwandi Sabo Power Limited (TSPL), a 100% subsidiary of SEL, will be i
mplementing the largest 1980 (3x660) MW Greenfield Power Project in Punjab,India, with all consents and approvals in place.
=> TSPL is one of the first few Supercritical plants being constructed in the cou
ntry. The Supercritical technologies are environment friendly and energy efficie
nt technologies.
# # What is the process of Astivation ?
=> when in summer there is decrease in metabolic activities in some animals
Some animals go for long sleep during summer=Aestivatin. while those animals
go for sleep during winter is Hibernation
=> state of dormancy ,,in animals , charactersd by inactivity nd lowered metabol
ic rate ,, to avoid hot and dry climate ,, mostly summers ,, and similar to hiberna
tion
=> The cold blooded(poikilothermal animals) animals i.e frogs, lizards etc combat season change by going summer sleep, this process is called aestivation.....
=> to avoid the risk of desiccation ,, due to exteme high temp ,, many animals te
nds to enter into a state of inactivity ,, which in result lowers their metabolic rat
e ,, this mostly happens in arid situations ,, many terrestrial and even aquatic ani
mal aestivate ,, when there is shortage of food and enough water ,,
# # Taran Taran ?
=> one of the districs and holy place of sikhs in the state of punjab; was formed
in 2006. from amritsar district.
=> found by 5th guru n ruled by bhangi sikh dynasty there is aslo ashirne taran t
aran sahib; tarn taran was known as the capital of khalistan
=> A part of bhangi sikh dynasty taran taran was founded by 5th sikh guru arjun
dev . The city was a center of the Sikh insurgency during the 1980s and early 1
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990s.
=> The book 'Baani' was written by guru nanak dev and angaddev took care of t
hat.
# # What all is credited into the Consolidated Fund of India. ?
=> All revenues received by Government by way of taxation like income-tax, ce
ntral excise, custom, land revenue (tax revenues) and other receipts flowing to
Government in connection with the conduct duct of Government business like r
eceipts from Railways, Posts, Transport etc. (non-tax revenues) are credited intothe Consolidated Fund.
=>Similarly, all loans raised by Government by issue of Public notifications, tre
asury bills (internal debt) and loans obtained from foreign governments and inte
rnational monetary institutions (external debt) and all moneys received by Gove
rnment in repayment of loans and interest thereon are also credited into this Fun
d.
=> All expenditure incurred by the Government for the conduct of its business including repayment of internal and external debt and release of loans to States/
Union Territory Governments for various purposes is debited against this Fund.
# # first 3D model of a human fingerprint called Phantom ?
=> Indian-American scientist Anil Jain on 6 March 2014 developed the first 3D
model of a human fingerprint called Phantom. The development could boost the
accuracy of fingerprint-matching systems and improve security technology.
=> The team of computer scientists led by Arun Jain at Michigan State Universi
ty developed the 3D image by first making a two-dimensional image of a finger
print and then mapping it to a 3D finger surface.
=> The 3D finger surface complete with all the ridges and valleys that make up
the human fingerprint, is made using a 3D printer.
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# # Financial Planning Standards Board India (FPSB) ?
=> Financial Planning Standards Board (FPSB) India is an Indian company thatdeals with setting professional standards based in Mumbai.
=> Its mission is to develop and promote financial standards to benefit and prot
ect the entire nation as a whole. FPSB India works closely with nearly all aspect
s of the Indian economy. As a professional membership & certification firm, it i
s part of a global organization to establish beneficial and universal standards for
financial planning in India and works with prominent financial service corporat
ions.=> As a Self-Regulatory Organization, FPSB India promotes and maintains hig
her standards of professionalism than required and seeks to cooperate with the g
overnment and regulation agencies to uniformly regulate personal Financial Pla
nning practitioners.
# # A power grid consists of three sectionswhich r they ?
=> A power grid consists of three sections - stations which produce electricity fr
om fuel (fossil or non-combustible), the transmission lines which carry the pow
er to the substations from the plants and lastly the transformers which keep a ch
eck on the voltage.
# # Ken-Betwa project ?
Ans
The Ken and Betwa rivers in the states of Uttar Pradesh (UP) and Madhya Pradesh (MP) are to be linked under an historic agreement that marks th
e first such project in India's ambitious and controversial national river-li
nking project. It is India's first interstate river-linking deal.
The ambitious project, estimated to cost over Rs.9000 crore, is expected t
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o be included in the 12th Five-Year Plan, starting April next.
The first Inter Linking of Rivers (ILR) initiative in the country, the project aims to enhance irrigation and potable water supplies in both states, at a
n estimated cost of over Rs 4,000 crore. It envisages the diversion of surplus water in the Ken river basin to the water-deficient Betwa basin throug
h the construction of a dam on the Ken and a canal to transfer the water.
The Betwa in Uttar Pradesh, which flows into the Yamuna, will receive surplus water from the Ken that originates in Uttar Pradesh and then runs s
outh across Madhya Pradesh. The Davdhan dam is to be built on the Ken
near its source.
Once extra water from the Ken basin is transferred to the Betwa it will make possible the construction of four additional medium irrigation projects
in the upper Betwa basin where irrigation levels are extremely
low. Irrigation benefits will also accrue en route by way of additional irrigation/stabilisation in the downstream Davdhan dam.
The Ken-Betwa Link Project will ensure irrigation and water supplies toChatarpur, Tikamgarh, Panna, Raisen and Vidisha districts of Madhya Pradesh, and Hamirpur, Banda and Jhansi districts in Uttar Pradesh.
# # information of Fahien about the political, religious, social and economic
conditions of India ?
=> Fahien was a Chinese monk who travelled India during the age of ChandraGupta Vikramaditya. He travelled during C 399-414. His travelogues give a fine
impression about Chandra Guptas empire.
Fahien noted the peacefulness of India, the rarity of serious crime, and the mild
ness of the administration. He stated that it was possible to travel from one end t
o another in the country without molestation, and without passports. In his rema
rks on social custom he stated that all respectable persons were vegetarians, mea
t eating being confined to low castes and untouchables. He found Buddhism still
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flourishing, but theistic Hinduism was very widespread.
=> Fahiens record shows that in place of the old sacrificial Brahminism, Hindu
ism has appeared. But in the best days of the Gupta Empire Indian culture reached a perfection which it was never to attain again. Humanitarian ideas, probably
encouraged by Buddhism, were effective in Gupta period in moderating the fier
ce punishments of earlier days.
=> Fahien stated that the death penalty was not imposed in north India, but most
crime was punished by fines and only serious revolt by the amputation of one h
and. Executions were rare.
=> According to Fahien, the Shudras were kept outside the town and entered the
town by making a noise with a stick. They were butchers, hunters, and fisherme
n.. Fahien states that the income of the government was mainly based on the rev
enue taxes which were one-sixth of the total production.
=> Government officials were given fixed income and there was no contributionfrom the people. Donation was prevalent in those times. Fahien had made speci
al note of free hospitals maintained by the donations of pious citizens. He stated
that the economy was based on agriculture.He had given a detailed description
of the Buddhist pilgrimages.
=> According to him, the Buddhist religion was divided into Mahayana and Hin
ayana. He saw twenty Buddha vihars in Mathura. But in Kapilavastu, Gaya and
Kushinagar the condition was deteriorating which indicated the weakening of B
uddhism. In the description of Fahien, it is not clear whether Brahmin religion
was prevalent in the country or not.
Fahien had mentioned about the Jainism also.. Fahien had also mentioned about
Shaiva and Vaishnav religion.
# # Difference between tributary and distributary
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=> A tributary or affluent is a stream or river that flows into a main stem (or par
ent) river or a lake .
=> A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean. Tributaries and the main stem river serve to drain the surrounding drainage basin of its surface water a
nd groundwater by leading the water out into an ocean or sea.
=> A confluence,where two or more bodies of water meet together, usually refer
s to the joining of tributaries.
=> The opposite to a tributary is a distributary, a river or stream that branches of
f from and flows away from the main stream. Distributaries are most often foun
d in river deltas.
# # Garland canal
=> The Indian Rivers Inter-link is a proposed large-scale civil engineering proje
ct that aims to join the majority of India 's rivers by canals and so reduce persist
ent water shortages in parts of India.** In 1972 the then Minister for Irrigation K. L. Rao proposed a 2640 kilometer
long link between the Ganges and Kaveri rivers. In 1974 plans were proposed f
or the 'Garland canal'.
** The Garland Canal was proposed by Dinshaw J. Dastur, a consultant Engine
er. Interlinking of rivers can be the permanent solution to Cauvery water dispute
between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.
** The Inter-link would consist of two parts, a northern Himalayan River Devel
opment component and a southern Peninsular River Development component.
** The Central Deccan and Southern Plateau Canal would encircle the southern
and central plateau in a 900 km zigzag area beginning with the Chambal River a
nd terminating at Cape Comorin.
** This canal will be twice as long as the Himalayan Catchment Canal and will
be built at a uniform elevation of 500 meters above sea level.
** Shaped like a giant necklace this will encircle the entire southern and central
plateau and will have 2900 subsidiary outlets along its entire course. It will conn
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ect all the monsoon-fed rivers of the region.
** It aims at providing irrigation facilities to all parts of the country, eliminating
the vicious flood-drought circle and making a judicious utilization of surface w
ater resources (rivers, rainfall and snow-melt).** The Project envisages the construction of two mammoth canals, the Himalay
an Catchment Canal, and the Central Deccan and Southern Plateau Canal coveri
ng the entire length and breadth of the country.
** The canal will arrest, control and distribute the waters of the Himalayan Rive
rs including snow-melt. ** A series of artificial reservoirs and integrated lakes
would be constructed along the canal on the catchment side and at strategic loca
tions.
# # Smart grid
=> A smart grid is a modernized electrical grid that uses analogue or digital info
rmation and communications technology to gather and act on information, such
as information about the behaviors of suppliers and consumers, in an automatedfashion to improve the efficiency, reliability, economics, and sustainability of th
e production and distribution of electricity.
# # Itelligence grid of election commission
=> The Election Commission has created a multi-agency grid of revenue and se
curity intelligence agencies to regularly update it about suspected financial mov
ements as part of measures to curb use of black money in Lok Sabha and assem
bly polls.
=> In a first-of-its-kind measure, the EC has created a board of senior officials d
rawn from ten financial and security intelligence departments which will meet t
wice a week at Nirvachan Sadan, the EC headquarters here, to generate comm
on leads and flag suspect money instances.
=> The agencies that have been pooled in for the task include Income Tax intelli
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gence and investigations, Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU), Directorate of Reve
nue Intelligence, Central Economic Intelligence Bureau, Narcotics Control Bure
au and the snoop wings of border guarding forces of SSB and BSF and those of
CISF and the Railway Protection Force.
# # Richard Feynman
Richard Phillips Feynman was an American theoretical physicist known for his
work in the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics , the theory of quan
tum electrodynamics, and the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquidhelium, as well as in particle physics (he proposed the parton model). => For his
contributions to the development of quantum electrodynamics, Feynman, jointl
y with Julian Schwinger and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga , received the Nobel Prize in P
hysics in 1965.
=> He developed a widely used pictorial representation scheme for the mathema
tical expressions governing the behavior of subatomic particles , which later bec
ame known as Feynman diagrams. During his lifetime, Feynman became one ofthe best- known scientists in the world.
=> In a 1999 poll of 130 leading physicists worldwide by the British journal Ph
ysics World he was ranked as one of the ten greatest physicists of all time.
# # JELLY
=>Jelly is a new way to search with pictures and people from your social networ
ks.Jelly was founded in April 2013 by Biz Stone and Ben Finkel. They chose th
e jellyfish to represent our product because it has a loose network of nerves that
act as a "brain" similar to the way we envision loosely distributed networks of p
eople coordinating via Jelly to help each other.
# # Mill gate price scheme
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=> The transportation of yarn from one place to another, increases the cost of ya
rn considerably putting the weavers at a disadvantageous position. Keeping the
above in view, Government of India introduced a scheme for Supply of yarn at the price in which it is available at the Mill Gate in 1992.
=> Under the scheme the transportation expenses involved in supply of yarn are
reimbursed by the Government of India. The nodal agency for the implementati
on of this scheme is NHDC.
=> This scheme titled Mill Gate Price Scheme has two components, namely,
(i) Supply of yarn at Mill Gate Price and (ii) Investment in NHDC.
=> The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) approved the renaming of Mill Gate Price Scheme (MGPS) as Yarn Supply Scheme (YPS) on 9 Janua
ry 2014.
=> The CCEA also approved the continuation of the MGPS with the new name
in the 12th Five Year Plan (2012-17) and allowed 10 percent subsidy componen
t with modifications.
=> The Scheme has been allotted an outlay of 443 crore rupees in the 12th Plan.
=> Under the Scheme, the target for the 12th Plan is to supply 3506 lakh kg yarn worth of 4364 crore rupees.The Scheme provides subsidized yarn to the under
-privileged weavers and vulnerable groups so that they can compete with the po
werloom and mill sector.
=> The Scheme is to make yarn available to handloom weavers at mill gate pric
e by reimbursing transportation charges to depot operating agencies, primary we
avers cooperative societies, apex societies and other handloom organizations.
# # Wild goose pagoda
=> Giant Wild Goose Pagoda or Big Wild Goose Pagoda, is a Buddhist pagoda
located in southern Xi'an , Shaanxi province, China. It was built in 652 during t
he Tang Dynasty and originally had five stories, although the structure was rebu
ilt in 704 during the reign of Empress Wu Zetian and its exterior brick facade w
as renovated during the Ming Dynasty.
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=> One of the pagoda's many functions was to hold sutras and figurines of the B
uddha that were brought to China from India by the Buddhist translator and trav
eler Xuanzang .
# # Bengal school of art
=> The Bengal School of Art commonly referred as Bengal School, was an influ
ential art movement and a style of Indian painting that originated in Bengal , pri
marily Kolkata and Shantiniketan , and flourished throughout India during the B
ritish Raj in the early 20th century. Also known as 'Indian style of painting' in its early days, it was associated with Indian nationalism ( swadeshi) and led by A
banindranath Tagore (1871-1951), but was also promoted and supported by Brit
ish arts administrators like E. B. Havell , the principal of the Government Colle
ge of Art, Kolkata from 1896; eventually it led to the development of the moder
n Indian painting
=> .Havell was supported by the artist Abanindranath Tagore, a nephew of the p
oet Rabindranath Tagore . Tagore painted a number of works influenced by Mughal art, a style that he and Havell believed to be expressive of India's distinct s
piritual qualities, as opposed to the "materialism" of the West.
=> Tagore's best-known painting, Bharat Mata (Mother India), depicted a young
woman, portrayed with four arms in the manner of Hindu deities, holding objec
ts symbolic of India's national aspirations. Tagore later attempted to develop lin
ks with Japanese artists as part of an aspiration to construct a pan-Asianist mode
l of art.
=> Other painters and artists of Bengal school were Gaganendranath Tagore (T
agore's brother), Asit Kumar Haldar, M.A.R Chughtai, Kiron Sinha, Sunayani D
evi (sister of Abanindranath Tagore), Kshitindranath Majumdar, Nandalal Bose,
Kalipada Ghoshal, Sughra Rababi and Sudhir Khastgir.
# # Minority cyber gram
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The MCG programme seeks to introduce digital literacy skills in identified min
ority clusters in India through designated Digital Fellows towards knowledge e
mpowerment and entitlement gains of minority focused groups and beneficiarie
s.
Objectives
1. To impart digital literacy and skills among identified minority groups and ben
eficiaries through designated Digital Fellows (DFs) in identified minority cluste
rs for information and knowledge empowerment and entitlement gains.
2. To provide opportunities in information and knowledge networks for local co
mmunities.
# # Pattachitra
=> Pattachitra is a general term for traditional, cloth-based scroll painting, base
d in the eastern Indian state of Odisha .
=> In the Sanskrit language, "Patta" literally means "cloth" and "Chitra" means"picture".Pattachitra is a traditional painting of Odisha, India. These paintings ar
e based on Hindu mythology and specially inspired by Jagannath and Vaishnava
cult.
=> All colours used in the Paintings are natural and paintings are made fully old
traditional way by Chitrakaras that is Oriya Painter.
=> Pattachitra style of painting is one of the oldest and most popular art forms o
f Odisha.
=> The name Pattachitra has evolved from the Sanskrit words patta, meaning ca
nvas, and chitra, meaning picture.
=> Pattachitra is thus a painting done on canvas, and is manifested by rich colou
rful application, creative motifs and designs, and portrayal of simple themes, mo
stly mythological in depiction.
=> The traditions of pattachitra paintings are more than thousand years old.
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# # Mattu pongal
=> Mattu Pongal is an Indian festival celebrated on the day following the Ponga
l festival (festival of first harvests) or the Makar Sankranti festival. Though thename of the festival is specific to Tamil Nadu , in India, it is also celebrated in o
ther southern states such as Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka .
=> Mattu Pongal is for celebration of the cattle, particularly cows and bulls that
play a vital role by working hard to help the farmers to raise crops on their field
s, falls on the following day, 15 January. The festival is also observed by ethnic
Tamil population of Sri Lanka.
=> Observance of Mattu Pongal is part of the Pongal festival. Pongal is generally a four-day festival of fervent celebrations (during 2010, it will be held from 1
3 to 16 January) marking the officially declared Tamil New Year day, the begin
ning of the month of Thai starting with 14 January every year, as per Tamil Cale
ndar .
Bhogi pongal
==> The first day is called Bhogithe last day of Dhanurmas (month of Sagittarius ), a preparatory day before the Pongal and is in honour of god Indra, the ki
ng of heaven. On this day it is spring cleaning, as people decorate their homes, b
uy new vessels and burn old and unwanted items. Perum pongal
=>=> the main festival, also called the Perum Pongal (big festival), is the secon
d day when the Sun is worshipped signifying the first day of the month of Maka
ra or Capricornus. It is celebrated as Makara Sankranti or simply "Sankranti" in
the rest of the country.
Mattu ponal=>=> This is followed by the 'Mattu Pongal celebration on the third
day when bulls, cows and other farm animals are worshipped.
Kannum pongal =>=> The fourth day is the 'Kannum Pongal' or 'Kanru Pongal'
(Calf Pongal) festival when calves are fed. However, the name 'Kannum' also de
notes that on this day people visit elders in the villages or towns seeking their bl
essings.
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# # History of makar sankranti
=> Makara Sankranti is a Hindu festival celebrated in almost all parts of India a
nd Nepal in a myriad of cultural forms. It is a harvest festival. It is the Hindi/Indo-Aryan languages name for Makara Sankranthi (still used in southern areas as t
he official name).
=> Makar Sankranti marks the transition of the Sun into the zodiac sign of Mak
ara rashi (Capricorn) on its celestial path. The day is also believed to mark the a
rrival of spring in India and is a traditional. => Makara Sankranti is a solar event
making one of the few Indian festivals which fall on the same date in the Grego
rian calendar every year: 14 January, with some exceptions when the festival iscelebrated on 13 or 15 January.
=> The importance of this day has been signified in the ancient epics like Maha
bharata also. So, apart from socio- geographical importance, this day also holds
a historical and religious significance.
=> As it is the festival of Sun God and he is regarded as the symbol divinity and
wisdom, the festival also holds an eternal meaning to it.
# # trace the history of KHAP PANCHAYATs ?
=> In ancient times, The mode of governance was that of a council of five, whic
h was called a Panchayat .
=> The forms of governing society are that of the Sabha, which mean "gatherin
g" and "assembly", respectively. The Sabhapati, the president of the Sabha, was
an elected official.
=> In the texts of Pini and later Buddhist texts, references to 16 republics or
Great Republics Janapadas can be found, with these references dating back to ar
ound 600 BCE (conventional dating).
=> The republics referred to as the Yaudheyas, Malls etc. are documented as do
minating the Northern Indian landscape in what is now Punjab , Sindh , Rajasth
an , Haryana and Uttar Pradesh . The Sarv Khap (or all Khap) Panchayat (counc
il) represented all the Khaps.
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=> The individual Khaps would elect leaders who would send delegates, who w
ould represent the Khaps at the Sarv Khap level. It was a political organization,
composed of all the clans, communities, and castes in the region. The republics
of the Yaudheyas who dominated this region from 600 BCE to 400 CE preceded it.
=> After the fall of Kushan Empire northwest India was divided into small repu
blics. These small republics could not defend against invaders. So there were for
med federations of republics known as Ganasanghas, janapada, pal etc. One of t
he terms used to denote the republic was the 'Khap'.
=> The Khap consisted a unit of 84 villages. The individual villages were gover
ned by an elected Council, which was known as the Panchayat .=> A unit of seven villages was called a Thamba and 12 Thambas would form t
he unit of 84 villages, though Khaps of 12 and 24 villages existed. Their elected
leaders would determine which units would be represented at the Khap level.
=> These Khaps are found to be spread all the way from Northwest India down
to Madhya Pradesh , Malwa, Rajasthan , Sindh , Multan, Punjab, Haryana, and
modern Uttar Pradesh
# # Maulana Azad Sehat Scheme ?
*** Launched by The Union Ministry of Minority Affairs for welfare of Minorities.*** Sehat Cardwould be issued to every student of the Institution financially aided
by MAEF.*** Preventive Health Check-up Camps would be organized by the Institute twice in
a year, through Government/Private Hospitals/ Nursing Homes.*** All findings of the Preventive Health Checkups will be entered in the Sehat Card o
f the student by the Doctors.*** In exceptional and deserving cases for serious ailments, the poor students belon
ging to notified minorities would be provided financial assistance for treatment in Go
vernment/Recognized Hospitals.*** Serious ailments viz. Kidney, Heart, Liver, Cancer, Brain, Knee surgery and Spinal
surgery or any other life threatening diseases would be covered.
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*** Dispensary/Health Care Centre is to be set up in the educational institutions (Sch
ool) to provide daily medical facilities to the students studying in the educational inst
itutions funded/aided by MAEF.
# # what is Erythropoiesis ?
=> erythropoesis is derived from two Greek words erythro-red blood,poesis-to
make, the formation of red blood corpuscles in the bone marrow is called erythr
opoesis...
=> the process of producing red blood cells by the stem cells in the bone marrow=> it is stimulated by decrsd O2 in circulation which is detectd by the kidney's...
nd it is a red blood cells
# # what r Chalcophile elements ?
=> These are forming the sulfides and arsenides form minerals which are not sta
ble at the high temperatures of igneous crystallization. these elements are found
in granites and pegmatitesmolybdenite (MoS2) is an example. More frequentl
y they are removed from the crystallizing magma as hot aqueous solution.
# # who was C. F. Andrews ?
=> Christian missionary ... charles freer andrews
=> he is well known as DEENBANDHU for his social service
# # which were the newspapers edited/founded by Annie Besant ?
=> New India and Commanwealh
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# # Bayyaram mines ,,,where r they..y were they in news /?
=> itz an iron ore mining site in GUMMAM/ Khammam distt of andhra pradesh
... recently, d site was allocated to VIZAG STEEL PLANT (VSP) .. but telenga
na people protested to it by saying dat VSP is a manufacturing unit of other regi
on...
# # largest lake in South America ?=> lake Titicaca
# # what is RHEOLOGY ?
=> study of flow properties f solid and semisolid ; deals with the deformation an
d flow of matter, especially the non-Newtonian flow of liquids and the plastic fl
ow of solids.
# # Customs Union ?
=> A customs union is a type of trade bloc which is composed of a free trade ar
ea with a common external tariff .
=> The participant countries set up common external trade policy, but in some
cases they use different import quotas .
=> Common competition policy is also helpful to avoid competition deficiency.
=> Purposes for establishing a customs union normally include increasing econo
mic efficiency and establishing closer political and cultural ties between the me
mber countries.
=> It is the third stage of economic integration. Customs unions are established t
hrough trade pacts.
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# # National Transport Development Policy Committee (NTDPC) ?
=> The Government of India has set up a High Level National Transport Development Policy Committee to create a policy environment that encourages compet
itive pricing and coordination between alternative modes of transport in order to
provide an integrated and sustainable transport system.
=> The framework that national governments provide for the transport sector lar
gely determines the level of cost and efficiency in transport operations.
=> The Committee will be chaired by Dr. Rakesh Mohan in an honorary capacit
y, with the rank of Minister of State.=> The members of the Committee include Secretaries of all the Ministries asso
ciated with the development of transportation along with the leading experts in t
he field.
# # Shri Prokash Karmakar ?
Prokash Karmakar (193324 February 2014) was a preeminent Indian artist from Kolkata , West Bengal . His work is in the permanent collection
of a number of museums and galleries throughout India, including the Nat
ional Gallery of Modern Art, New Delhi and he is the recipient of numero
us awards. Karmakar is best known for his landscapes and nudes , which
are generally painted
in vibrant colors with bold lines and intricate textures. His paintings reflect his perception and interpretation of nature (both orderly and chaotic), li
fe (both rural and urban), and form (from soft to sharp), without reference
to religion.
# # Third - Line Theraphy ?
=> When a person is diagnosed with cancer, the oncologist (a doctor who specia
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lizes in treating people with cancer) recommends a treatment plan that is most li
kely to have the greatest benefits and the fewest risks or side effects.
=> That initial treatment, called first-line treatment or first-line therapy, is usual
ly chosen based on what worked best in clinical trials for patients with the sametype and stage of cancer.
=> However, every person responds differently to treatment. If your first-line tr
eatment does not work, starts but then stops working, or causes serious side effe
cts, your oncologist may recommend a second-line treatment (also called secon
d-line therapy), which is a different treatment that is likely to be effective. => In
some cases, you may be a candidate for third-line therapy or additional rounds
of treatment after that.
# # new Corporate Governance norms ?
=> The new corporate governance norms would become applicable for all listed
companies with effect from 1 October 2014. The new corporate governance nor
ms issued are in line with the global practices and in accordance with the Companies Act, 2013.
Guidelines of new corporate governance-------!>
Exclusion of nominee Director from the definition of Independent Director
Performance evaluation of Independent Directors and the Board of Directors
Prohibition of stock options to Independent Directors
Separate meeting of Independent Directors
It has been decided that the maximum number of Boards an independent direct
or can serve on listed companies be restricted to 7 and 3 in case the person is ser
ving as a whole time director in a listed company
To restrict the total tenure of an Independent Director to 2 terms of 5 years. Ho
wever, if a person who has already served as an Independent Director for 5 year
s or more in a listed company as on the date on which the amendment to Listing
Agreement becomes effective, he shall be eligible for appointment for one mor
e term of 5 years only.
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Compulsory whistle blower mechanism
At least one woman director on the Board of the company
Constitution of Stakeholders Relationship Committee
Enhanced disclosure of remuneration policies Mandatory constitution of Nomination and Remuneration Committee. Chairm
an of the said committees shall be independent.
Expanded role of Audit Committee
Prior approval of Audit Committee for all material Related Party Transactions
(RPTs)
Approval of all material RPTs by shareholders through special resolution with
related parties abstaining from voting The scope of the definition of RPT has been widened to include elements of C
ompanies Act..
# # e-Wallet scheme of IRCTC
=> Indian Railways Catering and Tourism Corporation (IRCTC) launched E- Wallet Scheme in the second week of February 2014.
=> The scheme was launched to make payment process fast and to reduce transa
ction failures due to bank payment related problems.
=> Under the scheme, user can deposit money in advance with IRCTC and the
money can be used as payment option along with other payment options availab
le on IRCTC website for the payment at the time of booking tickets.
# # Target Accelerator Programme ?
=> The accelerator programme will incubate five technology startups - turntable
and image processing software company Turnaround Innovision, in-app, two-w
ay communication venture Konotor and work-flow management services provid
er muHive.
=> The four-month programme, which will be incubated at Target India's office
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in Bangalore, is focused on incubating startups operating in the areas of mobile,
content, social, search, data and analytics.
=> The Target Accelerator Programme is the latest incubator initiative launched
in India by global multinationals, as they look to tap the country's growing startup ecosystem
# # Astrakhan
=> Astrakhan' is a major city in southern European Russia and the administrativ
e center of Astrakhan Oblast.=> The city lies on two banks of the Volga River , close to where it discharges i
nto the Caspian Sea at an altitude of 28 meters (92 ft) below sea level.
=> The oldest economic and cultural center of the Lower Volga, it is often calle
d the southernmost outpost of Russia and the Caspian capital.
=> The city is a member of the Eurasian Regional Office of the World Organiza
tion "United Cities and Local Governments" Its population is diverse and includ
es one hundred ethnicities and fourteen religious denominations.=> The city is located in the upper part of the Volga delta , on eleven islands of
the Caspian Depression
# # Maulana hasrat mohani
=> Maulana Hasrat Mohani was a Romantic Poet of Urdu language, journalist,
politician, parliamentarian of British India, besides a being a part of the Indian I
ndependence Movement .
=> The real name of Maulana was Syed Fazl-ul-Hasan. Hasrat was his pen nam
e which he used in the Urdu poetry and the word Mohani refers to the native pla
ce of Mohan where he was born.Hasrat Mohani participated in the struggle for I
ndian Independence (end of British Raj ); and was jailed for many years by Briti
sh authorities.
=> He was the second person ( first person was Swatantryaveer Savarkar , who
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demanded 'Complete Independence' in 1900) in Indian History who demanded '
Complete Independence' (Azadi-e-Kaamil) in 1921 as he presided over an annu
al session of All India Muslim League.
=> He was not only a practising Muslim but also a strong supporter of the communist philosophy, as he could see that the British could be defeated by followi
ng its principles.
=> The famous slogan of Indian freedom fighters Inquilab Zindabadwas coined
by Hasrat Mohani himself.
# # Feel india
=> Feel India 's mission is to enrich and enliven people's lives by making family
holidays a part of their lifestyle. At Feel India , we endeavor to become the No.
1 Lifetime Holiday Company in Central India.
# # Thrombosis
=> Thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel , obstructin
g the flow of blood through the circulatory system. When a blood vessel is injur
ed, the body uses platelets (thrombocytes) and fibrin to form a blood clot to pre
vent blood loss. Even when a blood vessel is not injured, blood clots may form i
n the body under certain conditions. A clot that breaks free and begins to travel
around the body is known as an embolus .
# # Causes-------->
In classical terms, thrombosis is caused by abnormalities in one or more of the f
ollowing ( Virchow's triad ): The composition of the blood ( hypercoagulability
or thrombophilia)
Quality of the vessel wall (endothelial cell injury)
Nature of the blood flow (stasis, turbulence)
# # Treatment----------->
=> Coumarins, Vitamin K antagonists , are anticoagulants that can be taken oral
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ly to reduce thromboembolic occurrence.
=> Where a more effective response is required, heparin can be given (by injecti
on) concomitantly.
=> As a side effect of any anticoagulant, the risk of bleeding is increased, so theinternational normalized ratio of blood is monitored.
=> Self-monitoring and self-management are safe options for competent patient
s, though their practice varies.
# # Model school scheme
=> The Model School scheme was launched in November 2008 in pursuance to
the announcement of the Prime Minister in his Independence Day speech of 200
7.
=> The scheme aims to provide quality education to talented rural children thro
ugh setting up of 6,000 model schools as benchmark of excellence at block level
at the rate of one school per block.
=> The scheme has the following objectives:i. To have at least one good quality senior secondary school in every block.
ii. To have a pace setting role
iii. To try out innovative curriculum and pedagogy
iv. To be a model in infrastructure, curriculum, evaluation and school governanc
e
# # Kalamassery
=> Kalamassery is a suburb of the city of Kochi and a Municipality in the Distri
ct of Ernakulam of Kerala state, India. It is a concentrated region of industrializ
ation with several factories and IT companies. Thrikkakara temple , Cochin Uni
versity of Science and Technology and Eloor industrial township are in the vicin
ity of Kalamassery. The Periyar river flows through Kalamassery.
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****Places of interest----------->>>>
=> Museum of Kerala History has representations of 87 figures who shaped the
history and culture of Kerala in the last two thousand years.
=> The museum has a collection of 150 dolls, all hand made and detailed, representing the cultural and ethnic diversity of India.
=> The dolls represent young men and women from Gujarat to Nagaland and fr
om Kashmir to Kanyakumari . => The gallery depicts mainly specimens of Indi
an Contemporary Art (Painting and Sculpture) over a period of the last two hun
dred years. The gallery also displays a mural painting based on the classical San
skrit drama Shakuntalam] executed in the traditional Kerala. The mural, at 25 ft
long and 5 ft wide is one of the largest in Kerala.
# # National pension scheme
=> The National Pension System (NPS) is a defined contribution based pension
system launched by Government of India with effect from 1 January 2004. Like
most other developing countries, India did not have A Universal Social SecuritySystem to protect the elderly against economic deprivation.
=> As a first step towards instituting pension reforms, Government of India mo
ved from a defined benefit pension to a defined contribution based pension syste
m. Apart from offering wide gamut of investment options to employees, this sch
eme would help government of India to reduce its pension liabilities.
=> Unlike existing pension fund of Government of India that offered assured be
nefits, NPS has defined contribution and individuals can decide where to invest
their money.
=> The scheme is structured into two tiers:
Tier-I account: This NPS account does not allow premature withdrawal and is a
vailable to all citizens from 1 May 2009.
Tier-II account: This NPS account permits withdrawal for exceptional reasons o
nly, prior to the retirement age.
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# # TROPEX
=> largest war drills of Indian Navy spread over Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea and
the Bay of Bengal region and involving its frontline assets such as INS Chakraand 75 combat and surveillance aircraft.
=> The Navy's major annual exercise Theatre Level Operational Readiness Exer
cise (TROPEX) involving large scale naval manoeuvres in all three dimensions
surface, air and underwater, across the Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea and the Indi
an Ocean Region (IOR).
=> Around 60 ships and submarines along with 75 aircraft took part in this exer
cise, which saw participation of units from Air Force and Coast Guard.=> The exercise also saw the maiden participation by the newly acquired P 8I L
ong Range Maritime Patrol aircraft and the nuclear submarine, Chakra.
=> The exercise also provided the Navy with an opportunity to validate its netw
ork centric warfare capabilities, with effective utilisation of its recently launche
d satellite GSAT-7.
# # Indian maritime university
=> The Indian Maritime University ( IMU ) is a Central University, that was est
ablished by an Act of the Indian Parliament namely the Indian Maritime Univer
sity Act 2008, on 14 November 2008. It is the only university in the country im
parting education in the maritime field. It has an All- India jurisdiction and the h
eadquarters is at Chennai. It has campuses at Chennai, Kolkata, Mumbai, Visak
hapatnam, Cochin and Kandla Port.
=> Vice Chancellor of the University is Ashok Vardhan Shetty, IAS.
=> Chancellor V. Krishnamurthy
# # SMS gateway of indian railway
=> will enable passengers to get free SMS alerts on the status of reserved tickets
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. Previously, the SMS alerts were sent only when the booking was made. Any u
pdate on wait list position or berth confirmation were not sent via SMS.
# # BIMSTEC
=> The Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Co
operation ( BIMSTEC) is an international organisation involving a group of cou
ntries in South Asia and South East Asia . These are: Bangladesh, India , Myan
mar , Sri Lanka, Thailand , Bhutan and Nepal.
=> On 6 June 1997, a new sub-regional grouping was formed in Bangkok and given the name BIST-EC (Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, and Thailand Economic
Cooperation).
=> BIMSTEC has Fourteen priority sectors cover all areas of cooperation. * Tra
nsport and Communication, led by India
* Counter-Terrorism and Transnational Crime, led by India
* Environment and Natural Disaster Management, led by India
=> BIMSTEC uses the alphabetical order for the Chairmanship. 2011.Nepal formally took over the new Chairmanship as on 4 March 2014.Sumith Nakandala o
f Sri Lanka became the first Secretary General of BIMSTEC
# # The Ahoms
=> The Ahom people of Assam are the descendants of the ethnic Tai people that
accompanied the Tai prince Sukaphaa into the Brahmaputra valley in 1228 and
ruled the area for six centuries.
=> Sukaphaa and his followers established the Ahom kingdom (12281826) and
the Ahom dynasty ruled and expanded the kingdom until the British gained con
trol of the region through the Treaty of Yandabo upon winning the First Anglo-
Burmese War in 1826.
=> The kingdom established by the Ahom people gave Assam its name.
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# # Anup talao
=> A ornamental pool with a central platform and four bridges leading up to it.Some of the important buildings of the royal enclave are surround by it includin
g, Khwabgah (House of Dreams) Akbar's residence, Panch Mahal , a five-storey
palace, Diwan-i-Khas (Hall of Private Audience), Ankh Michauli and the Astro
loger's Seat, in the south-west corner of the Pachisi Court.
# # Pampa in ramayna
=> Pampa Sarovar is a lake in Koppal district near Hampi in Karnataka . To the
south of the Tungabhadra River , it is considered sacred by Hindus and is one of
the five sacred sarovars , or lakes in India.
=> In Hindu mythology Pampa Sarovar is regarded as the place where Pampa, a
form of Shiva's consort Parvati, performed penance to show her devotion to Shi
va .=> It is also one of the Sarovar's that finds a mention in the Hindu epic, Ramaya
na as the place where Shabari , a devotee of Rama waited for the arrival of Ram.
# # Kamarup
Kmarpa, was the first historical kingdom in Assam , existing from 350 to 114
0 CE. Ruled by three dynasties from their capitals in present-day Guwahati and
Tezpur , it covered the entire Brahmaputra river valley, North Bengal and parts
of Bangladesh.
=> Though the historical kingdom disappeared by 12th century to be replaced b
y smaller political entities, the notion of Kamarupa persisted and ancient and me
dieval chroniclers continued to call this region by this name. The name of this ki
ngdom survives in Kamrup, a present-day district in Assam.
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# # Chandidas
=> Chandidas refers to (possibly more than one) medieval poet of Bengal . Over 1250 poems related to the love of Radha and Krishna in Bengali with the bhan
ita of Chandidas are found with three different sobriquets along with his name,
Bau, Dvija and Dina as well as without any sobriquet also.
=> It is not clear whether these bhanitas actually refer to the same person or not
.
=> It is assumed by some modern scholars that the poems which are current in t
he name of Chandidas are actually the works of at least four different Chandidas, who are distinguished from each other by their sobriquets found in the bhanitas
.
=> It is also assumed that the earliest of them was Ananta Bau Chandidas, wh
o has been more or less identified as a historical figure born in the 14th century i
n Birbhum district of the present-day West Bengal state and wrote the lyrical Sri
krishna Kirtan (Songs in praise of Krishna ).
# # Niyoga
=> Niyoga is an ancient Hindu tradition, in which a woman (whose husband is e
ither incapable of fatherhood or has died without having a child) would request
and appoint a person for helping her bear a child.
=> According to this Hindu tradition the man who was appointed must be or wo
uld most likely be a revered person.
# # Brahmvadini
=> Brahmavadini or "an expounder of the Veda " are those women who compos
ed any hymns of the Vedas The prominent among them were Lopamudra , Vish
wawara, Sikta, Ghosha and Maitreyi.
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=> Maitreyi, (the wife of Yajnavalkya ) is accredited with about ten hymns in R
ig Veda
=> Two sukta s (hymns) of the tenth Mandala (book) of Rigveda , 39 and 40, ea
ch containing 14 verses, have been attributed to Ghosha.=> The first hymn praises the Ashvins. The second hymn is a personal wish exp
ressing her intimate feelings and desires for married life.
=> Lopamudra was the wife of the sage Agastya . A hymn in the Rigveda is attr
ibuted to her.
# # Nathpantis
=> The Natha Sampradaya is traditionally divided into twelve streams or Panths
. According to David Gordon White, these panthas were not really a subdivisio
n of a monolithic order, but rather an amalgamation of separate groups descende
d from either Matsyendranath , Gorakshanath or one of their students.
=> However, there have always been many more Natha sects than will convenie
ntly fit into the twelve formal panths . Thus less populous sannyasin sub-sects such as the Adinath Sampradaya or Nandinatha Sampradaya are typically either i
gnored or amalgamated into one or another of the formal panths
=> According to the Shri Amrit Nath Ashram website, the twelve Natha Panthi
are as follows:
Satya natha, Dharam natha, Daria natha, Ayi Panthia, Vairaga kea, Rama ke, Ka
pilani , Ganga nathi Mannathi, Rawal ke, Paava panth, Paagala panthi
# # Nay pyi taw
=> the capital city of Burma, also known as Myanmar. It is administered as the
Naypyidaw Union Territory, as per the 2008 Constitution . Much of this planne
d city is still under construction, which was set to be completed by around 2012.
=> Nay Pyi Daw is generally translated as "royal capital", "seat of the king" or "
abode of kings".
=> Traditionally, it was used as a suffix to the names of royal capitals, such as
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Mandalay, which was called ( Yadanabon Naypyidaw ). The name literally mea
ns "royal city of the sun" in Burmese .
# # Boro cultivation
=> In the Past farmers grow Paddy once a year but now the farmers have come
forward to cultivate this type of Boro Paddy, as it increase the Crop Production.
As yield 0f Boro Paddy is 4-5 MT Per Hectare.
=> In the Lower Altitude Areas Boro Paddy cultivation is taken up. This techniq
ue was done after harvest of Kharif Paddy in the same field.=> Boro Paddy is cultivated mostly at Umkiang, Lakroh, Hawai Bhoi, Hawai S
utnga under Khliehriat and Amlarem SubDivision. Sowing of Paddy Seed sta
rt from the month of NovemberDecember, Transplanting of seedling during t
he month of February and harvesting during May / June.
=> It was observed that growing of Paddy twice a year give more hope for incre
ase the Crop Production.
# # LAXATIVE
=> Laxatives ( purgatives, aperients) are foods , compounds and/or drugs that fa
cilitate or increase bowel movements .
=> They are most often used to treat constipation. Certain stimulant , lubricant a
nd saline laxatives are used to evacuate the colon for rectal and/or bowel exami
nations, and may be supplemented by enemas under certain circumstances.
=> Sufficiently high doses of laxatives may cause diarrhea .
=> Foods that help with laxation include fruits, especially banana ,kiwifruit and
prunes , bran products, aloe vera , blackstrap molasses , pear , and nuts (especial
ly almonds and walnuts ).
# # what r STRUCTURAL metals ?
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=> a profile , formed with a specific shape or cross section and certain standards
of chemical composition and mechanical properties
# # Milk of Magnesia ?
=> Magnesium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula
of hydrated Mg(OH) 2. As a suspension in water, it is often called milk of magn
esia because of its milk-like appearance.
=> A common component of antacids and laxatives
# # peninsula of Ukraine
=> a major land mass on the northern coast of the Black Sea that is almost comp
letely surrounded by water. The peninsula is located just south of the Ukrainian
mainland and west of the Russian region of Kuban.=> It is surrounded by two seas: the Black Sea and the smaller Sea of Azov to t
he east. It is connected with the Ukrainian mainland by the Isthmus of Perekop
and is separated from Kuban by the Strait of Kerch .
=> The Arabat Spit is located to the northeast; a narrow strip of land that separat
es a system of lagoons named Sivash from the Sea of Azov .
# # important rivers of Western Asia ?
=> the Tigris and Euphrates,
# # Jaunpur is famous for ?
=> Famous Imarti , a sweet like jalebi made from urad
=> Jaunpuri Mooli , a daikon (radish) that grow up to four feet long
=> oil and Perfumes, or itra (in Urdu)
# # Who is knwn as the Adikavi ?
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=> Adikavi is Valmiki
=> Valmiki is a sage of an excellent power of pen and wisdom. He is called Adi
kavi since the moment he cursed an hunter on killing Kraunch bird in a totally o
riginal chhandas.=> In Kannada ------ Adikavi is Pampa=> -one of the greatest Kannada poets of
all time. He was born either in Annigeri or Banavasi, in modern Karnataka state,
or in Vemulavada, in modern Andhra Pradesh, and was the court poet of Chalu
kya King Arikesari, a Rashtrakuta feudatory.
=> In telgu--------Nannaya=> He is also known as Adi Kavi in recognition of hi
s great literary work.The first treatise on Telugu grammar, the "Andhra Shabda
Chintamani" was written in Sanskrit by Nannayya , who was considered first poet and translator of Telugu in the 11th century A.D.
# # Anguttara Nikaya .
=> The Anguttara Nikaya (literally "Increased by One Collection," also translat
ed "Gradual Collection" or "Numerical Discourses") is a Buddhist scripture, the
fourth of the five nikayas , or collections, in the Sutta Pitaka , which is one of the "three baskets" that comprise the Pali Tipitaka of Theravada Buddhism. => Th
is nikaya consists of several thousand discourses ascribed to the Buddha and his
chief disciples arranged in eleven nipatas, or books, according to the number of
dhamma items referenced in them.
# # Maitreya
=> Maitreya is a bodhisattva who in the Buddhist tradition is to appear on Earth,
achieve complete enlightenment, and teach the pure dharma .
=> According to scriptures, Maitreya will be a successor of the historic kyam
uni Buddha . The prophecy of the arrival of Maitreya refers to a time when the
Dharma will have been forgotten by most on Jambudvipa .
=> It is found in the canonical literature of all major Buddhist schools ( Therav
da , Mahyna , Vajrayna ), and is accepted by most Buddhists as a statement a
bout an event that will take place when the Dharma will have been mostly forgo
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tten on Earth.
# # what was the symbol of Rishabhnatha , Parsvanatha nd Neminatha ?
Rishabhnath -- Bull
Parshvanath -- Serpent
Neminath-- Conch
# # Girnar inscription ?
=> one of the notable inscription during Ashoka's reign....=> Girnar inscriptions bring with it the story of James PrincepIndias most su
ccessful British scholar. Twenty years old James Princep arrived in India in 181
9 as an Assay-Master of a mint. He was well educated in Chemistry, Mechanics
and useful sciences. His outstanding traits were his habit of exactness and minut
e attention to details.
# # what r BORRA Caves knwn for >?
=> The Borra Caves, also called Borra Guhalu (in Telugu language Borra mea
ns something that has bored into the ground and guhalu means caves), are loca
ted on the East Coast of India, in the Ananthagiri hills of the Araku valley (with
hill ranges elevation varying from 800 m (2,624.7 ft) to 1,300 m (4,265.1 ft)) of
the Visakhapatnam district in Andhra Pradesh.
=> The Caves, one of the largest in the country, at an elevation of about 705 m (
2,313.0 ft), distinctly exhibit a variety of impressive speleothems (pictured) ran
ging from very small to big and irregularly shaped stalactites and stalagmites.
=> The Caves are basically Karstic limestone structures extending to a depth of
80 m (262.5 ft) (considered the deepest cave in India).
# # what is SORTEX ?
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=> Sortex is an optical sorting machine that can automatically grade and sort ric
e grains, thus sorting and providing good quality grains.
# # Poonam RaUT ?
=> Poonam Raut (born 14 October 1989) is a cricketer who has played in 28 wo
men's one-day internationals and 27 Twenty20 internationals for India .
# # Five Dhyani Buddhas
=> In Vajrayana Buddhism, the Five Dhyani Buddhas , also known as the Five
Wisdom Tathgatas, the Five Great Buddhas and the Five Jinas ( Sanskrit for "conqueror" or "victor"), are representations of the five qualities of the Buddha .
=> The term "dhyani-buddha" is first recorded in English by the British Residen
t in Nepal, Brian Hodgson , in the early 19th century, and is unattested in any su
rviving traditional primary sources.
=> These five Buddhas are a common subject of Vajrayana mandalas .
=> These five Buddhas are the primary object of worship and meditation in Shi
ngon Buddhism, a school of Vajarayana Buddhism founded in Japan by Kkai .
# # largest artificial lake in Asia ?
=> Bhojtal , formerly known as Upper Lake is a large lake which lies on the We
stern side of the capital city of Madhya Pradesh , Bhopal.
=> It is a major source of drinking water for the residents of the city, serving ar
ound 40% of the residents with nearly 30 million imperial gallons (140,000 m 3
) of water per day.
=> Bada talaab, along with the nearby Chhota Talaab , meaning small lake in H
indi, constitute Bhoj Wetland, which is now a Ramsar site.
# # where is the Sattal Lake nd its pecularity ?
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=> Sattal or Sat Tal (Hindi for "seven lakes") is an interconnected group of seve
n freshwater lakes situated in the Lower Himalayan Range near Bhimtal , a tow
n of the Nainital district in Uttarakhand, India . During the British Raj , the area
had a tea plantation, one of four in the Kumaon area at that time.=> The lakes sit at an altitude of 1370 metres below lush orchards in the Mehra
gaon valley.
=> Set amongst dense forests of oak and pine trees, Sattal is one of the few unsp
oiled and unpolluted freshwater biomes in India.
=> These lakes are a paradise for migratory birds . It is home to a few camps bei
ng operated mostly by local people catering to tourists looking for outdoor vacat
ions.
# # Prairies
=> Prairies are ecosystems considered part of the temperate grasslands, savanna
s, and shrublands biome by ecologists, based on similar temperate climates, mo
derate rainfall, and a composition of grasses, herbs, and shrubs, rather than trees, as the dominant vegetation type.
=> Temperate grassland regions include the Pampas of Argentina, Brazil and Ur
uguay as well as the steppes of Eurasia .
=> Lands typically referred to as "prairie" tend to be in North America . The ter
m encompasses the area referred to as the Interior Lowlands of the United State
s, Canada and Mexico , which includes all of the Great Plains as well as the wett
er, somewhat hillier land to the east. In the U.S., the area is constituted by most
or all of the states of North Dakota , South Dakota , Nebraska , Kansas , and Ok
lahoma, and sizable parts of the states of Montana , Wyoming , Colorado, New
Mexico , Texas , Missouri, Iowa, Illinois , Indiana , Wisconsin , and western an
d southern Minnesota .
=> The Central Valley of California is also a prairie. The Canadian Prairies occ
upy vast areas of Manitoba , Saskatchewan , and Alberta.
# # what is knwn as the VELDT ?
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=> The term veld , sometimes anachronistically spelled veldt in English, is a ge
neric term used to define certain wide open rural spaces of Southern Africa. It is
used in particular to refer to flatter areas or districts covered in grass or low scr
ub, especially in South Africa, Zimbabwe , Botswana and Namibia .=> A certain sub-tropical woodland ecoregion of Southern Africa has been offic
ially defined as the Bushveld by the World Wide Fund for Nature .
=> Wildfires are common in the veld and are referred to as "veld fires".
# # what r RANCHES ?
=> A ranch is an area of landscape , including various structures, given primaril
y to the practice of ranching, the practice of raising grazing livestock such as cat
tle or sheep for meat or wool. The word most often applies to livestock-raising o
perations in Mexico , the western United States and Canada , though there are ra
nches in other areas. People who own or operate a ranch are called ranchers , or
stockgrowers .
=> Ranching is also a method used to raise less common livestock such as elk,American bison or even ostrich , emu, and alpacas .
# # Mount St. Helens ?
=> it is a stratovalcano located in skamania country in washington....This volcan
o is located in the Cascade Range and is part of the Cascade Volcanic Arc, a seg
ment of the Pacific Ring of Fire that includes over 160 active volcanoes. This v
olcano is well known for its ash explosions and pyroclastic flows.
# # Who-sear ?
=> World health organisation south east asia region .. Primary focus on improve
ment of potable water supply... india is its director
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