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EVOLUTION The world¶s first management book, titled µArlhashastra¶,
written three millennium before Christ, codified many
aspects of human resource practices in Ancient India.
John Patterson, the president of the company, formed a
personnel department to manage the griefs of workers after
a bitter union strike in 1901.
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HRM emerged during the 1970s
It is earlier referred to or considered to be emerged
from personnel management .
It may be stated that concern for the welfare of the
workers in the management of business enterprises
has been in existence since ages.
Kautilya¶s Arthashashtra states that there existed a
sound base for systematic management of
resources during the early 4th century B.C
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As early as in 1800 BC itself, minimum wage rate and
incentive wage plan were included in the Babylonian code
of Hammurabi. Experts account the growth of HRM since 1920.
This period related to post I world war had difficult
conditions that called for state interventions and trade
unions.
The Royal Commission (1931) recommended to
appointment of labour-welfare officers to deal with the
selection of workers and to settle their grievances.
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The Factories Act, 1948, made appointment of welfare
officers compulsory in industrial establishments ( workers
500 & 500+). In course of time: Two Professional Bodies set up.
IIPM ( Kolkata ) & NILM (Mumbai), premier Traditional
Industrial Centers.
Post II- World War & Indian independence- witnessedincreased µAwareness & Expectations¶ of workers
During 1960s Personnel Function began expanding
beyond µ Labor welfare¶
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Labor welfare, IR& Per-Administration merged into
emerging profession - Per. Management (PM)
Shift in focus towards Professionalisation of MGT.-
Massive thrust to heavy industry (II-Five Year Plan) &
accelerated growth of public sector in Indian economy
1970s-Shift in Professional Values - Focus from welfare to
focus on Efficiency
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1980s-New Technologies, HRM challenges,
HRD- Talk of Professionals
1980s-IIPM and NILM merged, birth of NationalInstitute of Personnel Management (NIPM)
1990- ASPA (USA) change to Society for
Human Resource Management(SHRM).
1990s-Emphasis Shift to µ Human values &
productivity through people¶
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HRM IN INDIAPeriod Development
Status
Outlook Emphasis Status
1920s-1930s Beginning Pragmatism of
capitalists
Statutory,
welfare,
paternalism
Clerical
1940s-1960s Struggling for
recognition
Technical,
legalistic
Introduction of
techniques
Administrative
1970s-1980s Achieving
sophistication
Professional,
legalistic,impersonal
Regulatory,
confirming,imposition of
standards on
other functions
Managerial
1990s Promising Psychological Human values,
productivity
through people
Executive