History Alive Chapter 13 Geography and the Early settlement of
India
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subcontinent India is a subcontinent of Asia. India is attached
to the continent of Asia, but surrounded on three sides of
water.
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physical features of India An aspect of the land, such as
mountains, plateaus, and rivers
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Brahmaputra River The river starts high up in the Himalayas.
Winds through snowcapped mountains and narrow canyons. The water is
cold and clear and rushes over sharp rocks.
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Summer Heavy monsoon rains add water to the Brahmaputra River.
A monsoon is a large wind that often brings lots of rain.
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Brahmaputra River The heavy rains cause the river to overflow
leaving rich minerals. The minerals are used to grow crops.
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Deccan Plateau Triangle shaped area between two mountain ranges
in southern India. A plateau is an elevated or raised, area of land
that is flatter than a mountain.
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Deccan Plateau
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Different kinds of land Large granite rocks formed by
volcanoes. Hillier parts have thin forests and low, scrubby bushes.
The plateau is fairly dry, but the monsoon rains provide most of
the water.
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Eastern and Western Ghats Long mountain chains near the coasts
of India. When seen from above they form a large V.
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Western Ghats Higher than the Easter Ghats. Sleep slopes,
narrow valleys, thick hardwood forests, and extremely heavy rains.
Wet climate encourages tropical plants.
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Eastern Ghats Not as wet as the Western Ghats. Several rivers
flow through these green mountains which are sprinkled with
hardwood trees. Rivers rarely flood, but are not safe for travel.
The rivers move very fast and plunge suddenly over cliffs.
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Ganges River Flows across most of northern India. Rivers carry
sediment from the Himalayas to the northern plains. Sediment is
used as a fertilizer. During the rainy season, the river can flood
and destroy crops.
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Ganges River
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Himalaya Mountains Located on Indias northern border. Highest
mountain range in the world. home of snows The water from the
ranges glaciers (ice fields) feed northern Indias major rivers.
Earthquakes and landslides are common in the area
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Himalaya Mountains
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Hindu Kush Mountains Barrier between India and present-day
Afghanistan. The mountain range is one of the highest in the world.
Snow and ice permanently cover the slope.
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Khyber Pass Twenty eight mile long gap between the mountains.
It connects central Asia to the Indian subcontinent. Traders used
the pass to enter the Indus River valley.
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Khyber Pass
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Indus River Began in the Himalaya Mountains. Gets water from
the melting snow of the Hindu Kush Mountains. Best farmland in the
world. Compared to Egypts Nile River.
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Indus River
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Thar Desert Mostly sand and stone. Rolling sand dunes for
hundreds of miles. Littered with rocks. Most of the time the heat
is unbearable. There were rivers, but not now. Rain is rare.
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Thar Desert
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Early Settlements in India First people settled by the
rivers.