Medical Faculty of Udayana University.
The Histologic Structure of Upper Alimentary Tract
Medical Faculty of Udayana University 2008
I Wayan Sugiritama
Medical Faculty of Udayana University.
HISTOLOGY OF UPPER ALIMENTARY TRACT
Digestive system composed of :ORAL CAVITY
Histologic Structure of LipsHistologic Structure of PalateHistologic Structure of TeethHistologic Structure of Tongue
ALIMENTARY TRACKHistologic Structure of EsophagusHistologic Structure of StomachHistologic Structure of Small intestineHistologic Structure of Large IntestineHistologic Structure of Rectum and Anal Canal
ASSOCIATED GLANDSalivary Gland
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ORAL CAVITY
• The first steps of digestion– Food moisten by saliva (Parotid,
Submandibular & Sublingual, & minor salivary glands)
– Ground by teeth smaller pieces– Initiation digestion of carbohydrate
Moistened the food + chewed BOLUS
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HISTOLOGIC STRUCTURE OF THE ORAL CAVITY
The oral mucosa compose by epithelium and connective tissue:
• Masticatory mucosa: – covers the surfaces involved in
the processing of food (tongue, gingivae and hard palate).
– Strat. Sq. E. keratinized to different degrees
• Lining mucosa:– covers the remaining surfaces of
the oral cavity– non-keratinised strati. sq.
epithelium
• Specialized mucosa :– Taste buds
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HISTOLOGIC STRUCTURE OF THE HARD AND SOFT PALATE
Separate the oral and nasal cavity• Hard Palate
– Keratinized St. Sq. Epith.
– Dense. Irreg. Coll. C.T– Rests on bony tissue
• Soft Palate– Non-keratinized St. Sq.
Epith– Irreg. Coll. C.T.– Minor Salivary Glands
• Uvula ~ Soft Palate
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Histologic Structure of Lips
• The core: skeletal muscle fibers• External (skin) aspect:
– Thin skin, with sweat glands, hair follicles, & sebaceous gland
• Vermilion zone :– Thin skin, capillary loops close to the skin pink color
• Internal (mucous) aspect:– Strat. Sq. non-keratinized epith.
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Pharynx
• Transition : oral cavity-respiratory-digestive system
• Lined by :– Strat. Sq. Epith.– Ciliated Pseudostrat. Colum. Epith.
(respiratory portion)
• Contains the tonsil
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Histologic Structure of Teeth• Mineralized
– Enamel• Consist 96% calcium• Enamel rods coated with
organic matrix
– Dentin• Consist 70% calcium• Dentinal tubules
– Cementum• Consist 50% calcium• Cementocytes within
lacunae
• Pulp• Loose connective Tissue
with nerve and blood vessels
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Structure Associated with Teeth
• Periodontal Ligament– Suspend the tooth in
its socket– Dense irregular
connective tissue
• Alveolus– Bony Socket
• Ginggiva (gums)– Keratinized St. Sq.
Epith.– Dense collagenous
connective tissue
Periodontal. L.
ALVEOLUS
CEMENTUM
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Histologic Structure of Tongue
• Bulk of skeletal muscle fibers
• Dorsal surface :– Irregular
• Anterior (2/3)– Lingual papillae
• Sulcus terminalis• Posterior (1/3)
• Ventral Surface– Mucous membrane is
smooth
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LINGUAL PAPILLAE
Filiform• Elongated conical shape• Keratinized. Strat. Sq. Ep.• (-) taste buds
Fungiform• Mushroom (slender stalk &
broad cup)• Nonkeratinized Strat. Sq.
Ept.• (+) taste buds
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LINGUAL PAPILLAE
Circumvallate• V-shape (7-12)• Submerge into the
surface of tongue• Ducts of glands of
Von Ebner
• +Taste Buds Foliate• Appear as vertical
furrows• Poorly develope
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TASTE BUDS
• Intraepithelial sensory organs perception of taste
• ± 3000 • Composed by :
– 60-80 spindle shape cells
• Basal cells• Dark Cells• Light Cells• Intermediate Cells
– The narrow end taste pore
• Nerve fibers
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GENERAL STRUCTURE OF ALIMENTARY TRACT
• Mucosa– Epithelium– Lamina
Propia– Mucularis
mucosae
• Submucosa• Muscularis
externa• Adventitia
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ESOPHAGUS
• Muscular tube• Transport foodstuffs (BOLUS) from
mouth to the stomach
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Histologic Structure of Esophagus
• Mucosa– Strat. Sq. Non Keratinized E.– Lamina Propia (unremarkable)
• esophageal cardiac glands mucus coat
• Muscularis mucosae
• Submucosa– Dense fibroelastic C.T.– Esophageal glands proper
• Mucous • Serous Pepsinogen &
lysozyme
• Muscularis Externa– Skeletal & smooth muscle
• Adventitia
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STOMACH
• Responsible for the formation & processing of ingested food CHYME
• Digestion – HCL– Pepsin– Rennin– Gastric lipase
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Histologic Structure of StomachMucosa• Epithelium
– Simp. Colum. Epit. PROTECTIVE MUCUS
– InvaginateGastric pits
• Lamina propia– Loose C.T
– Branch Tubular Glands open
into gastric pits
• Muscularis mucosae– Smooth muscle
Submucosa– Dense irreg. coll. C.T.
Muscularis externa– Three layer of smooth M.
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CARDIAC REGION OF STOMACH
• Simple tubular cardiac gland
• Shallow of gastric pits
• Base of glands is highly coiled
• Cells population mostly surface lining epith
• (-)chief cells• Mucus & lyzosyme
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FUNDIC REGION OF STOMACH
• Branch Tubular gastric glands
• Type of cells :– Surface lining cells mucus– Regenerative cells regeneration– Mucous neck cells mucus– Parietal (oxyntic) cells HCL & intrinsic factor– Chief (zymogenic) cells pepsinogen & lipase– DNES cells
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PYLORUS REGION OF STOMACH
• Deep of gastric pits• Short, higly
convulated, branch gland
• Predominant cells is mucous neck cells mucus & lysozyme
• Gastrin cells gastrin HCL production
• D cells somatostatin
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Histologic Structure of Stomach
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HISTOLOGIC STRUCTURE OF DUODENUM
Small intestine• Digest food
– Enzyme– bile
• absorb end product– Plicae circulares– Villi– microvilli
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