Hendre Quarry, Mold,
Flintshire
Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment
Report prepared for: Tarmac Cement and Lime Ltd
CA Project:CR0167
CA Report: CR0167_2
November 2019 Updated October 2020
Hendre Quarry, Mold,
Flintshire
Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment
CA Project: CR0167
CA Report: CR0167_2
prepared by Claudia Jorge, Heritage Consultant
date October 2019
updated by date
Claudia Jorge, Heritage Consultant
October 2020
checked by Eva Heimpel, Assistant Heritage Consultant
date October 2020
approved by Richard Morton, Principal Heritage Consultant
signed
date October 2020
issue 3
This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third
party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission.
Cirencester Building 11 Kemble Enterprise Park Cirencester Gloucestershire GL7 6BQ t. 01285 771022 f. 01285 771033
Milton Keynes Unit 8 – The IO Centre Fingle Drive Stonebridge Milton Keynes Buckinghamshire MK13 0AT t. 01908 564660
Andover Stanley House Walworth Road Andover Hampshire SP10 5LH t. 01264 347630
Exeter Unit 1 – Clyst Units Cofton Road Marsh Barton Exeter EX2 8QW t. 01392 573970
Suffolk Unit 5, Plot 11 Maitland Road Lion Barn Industrial Estate Needham Market Suffolk IP6 8NZ t. 01449 900120
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Hendre Quarry, Flintshire: Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment © Cotswold Archaeology
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 6
2. PLANNING STATUTE, POLICY AND BEST-PRACTICE .......................................... 8
3. METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................................... 11
4. ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ........................................ 16
5. DOCUMENTED LANDUSE OF THE SITE ................................................................ 22
6. ARCHAEOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE & POTENTIAL ............................................... 34
7. THE SETTING OF HERITAGE ASSETS ................................................................... 36
8. CONCLUSIONS ......................................................................................................... 41
9. REFERENCES........................................................................................................... 43
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Hendre Quarry, Flintshire: Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment © Cotswold Archaeology
ILLUSTRATIONS
Fig. 1 Site location plan
Fig. 2 Site location plan, showing study area and previous archaeological works
Fig. 3 Site location showing archaeological features
Fig. 4 Site location on 1839 Tithe Map for the Parish of Halkyn
Fig. 5 Site location on 1878-1881 1st Edition OS
Fig. 6 Site location plan on 1900 2nd Edition OS
Fig. 7 Site location on 1914 OS
Fig. 8 Site location on 1964 OS
Fig. 9 Site location showing built form within the Site, mapped from historic maps
Fig. 10 Site location plan and transcribed cropmarks from historical aerial photographs
Fig. 11 Site location plan and ‘important’ hedgerows
Fig. 12 Site location plan showing study area and designated heritage assets
PHOTOGRAPHS
Photo 1 Site facing north
Photo 2 Site facing south-east
Photo 3 Site facing south
Photo 4 Site facing south-west
Photo 5 The Engine House at Hendre
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Hendre Quarry, Flintshire: Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment © Cotswold Archaeology
SUMMARY
Project Name: Hendre Quarry Location: Hendre, Mold, Flintshire NGR: SJ 19370 68233
In October 2019, Cotswold Archaeology was commissioned by Tarmac Cement & Lime to
undertake a Heritage Assessment in respect of land at Hendre Quarry, Mold, Flintshire. The
Site is located around half a kilometre to the north-east of the main focus of settlement of
Hendre hamlet in Flintshire.
An archaeological excavation was carried out in the Site in 1989 in advance of a phase of
quarry expansion. The excavations were centred on a mound which was believed to
represent a round barrow of presumed Bronze Age date. This mound has since been
completely removed by quarrying. The results of the excavation proved that the mound was
in fact of natural origin, comprising unconsolidated sands, silts and gravel. However, it had
clearly been the site of activity in the Neolithic and Bronze Age periods, as a total of nine
features were revealed, cut into the mound and the ground immediately surrounding it. On
this basis it is considered that there is some potential for the survival of buried remains
relating to the prehistoric period. If present, such features would be of archaeological
interest. There is also some limited potential for below-ground remains of small-scale
industry such as kilns, which may have some historic interest. Geophysical survey would
inform further on the presence of any such remains, and is recommended in the report as a
suitable further survey technique to inform the proposals.
Examination has shown that the landscape character of the Site, both fields and explorative
industry, does not have any intrinsic historic value in itself. The proposed development does
not harm the Registered Historic Landscape.
Several hedgerows present along field boundaries comprise ‘important’ hedgerows under
the criteria for archaeology and history of the Hedgerow Regulations 1997. These are
considered to comprise non-designated historic assets of low heritage significance. The
Regulations are essentially a Notification mechanism, which requires that appropriate notice
be given to the local authority prior to removal.
Analysis has been carried out of any non-physical effects of development upon the setting
and significance of any historic assets in its wider environs. The Grade II Listed Engine
House at Hendre (Fig. 12, LB1) was found to potentially be susceptible to change, but
assessment has clarified that its significance would not be harmed by the proposals.
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Hendre Quarry, Flintshire: Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment © Cotswold Archaeology
CRYNODEB
Enw’r Prosiect: Chwarel Hendre
Lleoliad: Hendre, yr Wyddgrug, Sir y Fflint
CGC: SJ 19370 68233
Ym mis Hydref 2019, comisiynwyd Cotswold Archaeology gan Tarmac Cement & Lime i
gynnal Asesiad Treftadaeth mewn perthynas â thir yn Chwarel Hendre, yr Wyddgrug, Sir y
Fflint. Mae'r Safle wedi’i leoli tua hanner cilometr i’r gogledd-ddwyrain o brif anheddiad
pentref bach Hendre yn Sir y Fflint.
Cynhaliwyd cloddiad archaeolegol ar y Safle yn 1989 cyn gwaith i ehangu'r chwarel. Roedd
y gwaith cloddio yn canolbwyntio ar dwmpath y credwyd ei fod yn cynrychioli beddrod crwn y
tybiwyd ei fod yn dyddio o’r Oes Efydd. Dydy’r twmpath hwn ddim yn bodoli mwyach
oherwydd y chwarela. Profodd canlyniadau'r gwaith cloddio fod tarddiad naturiol i’r twmpath
mewn gwirionedd, a’i fod yn cynnwys gro, silt a thywod anghyfnerthedig. Fodd bynnag,
roedd yn amlwg yn arfer bod yn safle o weithgarwch yn yr Oes Neolithig a’r Oes Efydd, gan
fod cyfanswm o naw nodwedd wedi’u canfod, wedi’u torri i mewn i’r twmpath a’r ddaear yn
union o’i amgylch. Ar sail hyn, credir bod rhywfaint o botensial y bydd olion wedi’u claddu
yno yn deillio o’r cyfnod cynhanes. Os felly, byddai nodweddion o’r fath o ddiddordeb
archaeolegol. Mae potensial bach iawn hefyd y bydd yno olion tanddaearol o ddiwydiant ar
raddfa fach, er enghraifft odynau, a allai fod o ddiddordeb hanesyddol. Byddai arolwg
geoffisegol yn rhoi rhagor o wybodaeth i ni am bresenoldeb unrhyw olion o'r fath, ac mae’r
adroddiad yn ei argymell fel techneg addas arall ar gyfer cynnal arolwg i lywio’r cynigion.
Mae gwaith archwilio wedi dangos nad oes unrhyw werth hanesyddol cynhenid i gymeriad
tirwedd y Safle ynddo'i hun, sef caeau a’r diwydiant archwiliol. Nid yw’r datblygiad
arfaethedig yn niweidio’r Dirwedd Hanesyddol Gofrestredig.
Mae nifer o’r gwrychoedd sy’n bresennol ar hyd ffiniau’r caeau yn cynnwys gwrychoedd
‘pwysig’ o dan y meini prawf ar gyfer archaeoleg a hanes Rheoliadau Gwrychoedd 1997.
Ystyrir bod y rhain yn cynnwys asedau hanesyddol heb eu dynodi sydd â fawr iawn o
arwyddocâd o ran treftadaeth. I bob pwrpas, mae’r Rheoliadau yn ddull o Hysbysu, sy’n
gofyn bod hysbysiad priodol yn cael ei roi i’r awdurdod lleol cyn eu gwaredu.
Dadansoddwyd unrhyw effeithiau anffisegol gwaith datblygu ar y lleoliad ac arwyddocâd
unrhyw asedau hanesyddol yn yr amgylchedd ehangach. Canfuwyd bod y Cwt Injan
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Hendre Quarry, Flintshire: Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment © Cotswold Archaeology
Rhestredig Gradd II yn Hendre (Ffig. 12, LB1) yn agored i newid, ond eglurodd yr asesiad na
fyddai’r cynigion yn niweidio ei arwyddocâd.
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Hendre Quarry, Flintshire: Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment © Cotswold Archaeology
1. INTRODUCTION
In October 2019, Cotswold Archaeology was commissioned by Tarmac Cement and
Lime to undertake a Heritage Assessment in respect of land at Hendre Quarry,
Mold, Flintshire (hereafter referred to as ‘the Site’). The Site is located around half a
kilometre to the north-east of the main focus of settlement of Hendre hamlet in
Flintshire (centred on NGR: SJ 19370 68233; Fig. 1). The report was updated in
October 2020 in order to address consultee comment from Cadw regarding the
study area referred to for the assessment of the setting of historic assets.
Fig. 1 Site location plan
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Hendre Quarry, Flintshire: Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment © Cotswold Archaeology
The Site comprises an area of c.36.5ha. This is partly occupied by the quarry, with
the remaining area comprising agricultural fields. The proposed development will
comprise the extension of the existing quarry into the current agricultural fields.
Professional standards and consultation Cotswold Archaeology is a Registered Organisation with the Chartered Institute for
Archaeologists (CIfA).
The scope and methodology of assessment has been carried in accordance with a
Written Scheme of Investigation which was approved by Mr Mark Walters, the
Archaeological Advisor for the Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust (CPAT), on the
14th of October 2019 via email. The finalised report will be issued to CPAT and the
Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales (RCAHMW)
for deposition.
The report has been prepared in accordance with the ‘Standard and Guidance for
Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment’ published by the Chartered Institute
for Archaeologists (2017).
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Hendre Quarry, Flintshire: Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment © Cotswold Archaeology
2. PLANNING STATUTE, POLICY AND BEST-PRACTICE
This assessment has been undertaken within the key statute, policy and guidance
context presented below. The applicable provisions contained within these statute,
policy and guidance documents are referred to, and discussed, as relevant,
throughout the text. Fuller detail is provided in Appendix 1.
National planning policy and relevant sector guidance This assessment has been compiled in accordance with the following legislative,
planning policy and guidance documentation:
• Planning Policy Wales (Welsh Government Edition 10, 2018)
• TAN24 (Welsh Government 2017a)
• Conservation Principles (Cadw 2011)
• Standard and guidance for historic environment desk-based assessment
(CIfA 2017)
• Setting of Historic Assets in Wales (2017b);
• Research Framework for the Archaeology of Wales
• ‘Guidance for the Submission of data to the Welsh Historic Environment
Records’ produced by the Welsh Archaeological Trusts (2018)
Planning Policy Wales (PPW) states that it is important that the historic environment
- encompassing archaeology and scheduled monuments, listed buildings,
conservation areas and historic parks, gardens and landscapes - is protected. The
Welsh Government’s objectives in this field are to:
• conserve and enhance the historic environment, which is a finite and non-
renewable resource and a vital and integral part of the historical and cultural
identity of Wales;
• recognise its contribution to economic vitality and culture, civic pride, local
distinctiveness and the quality of Welsh life, and its importance as a
resource to be maintained for future generations;
• base decisions on an understanding of the significance of Wales’ historic
assets;
• contribute to the knowledge and understanding of the past by making an
appropriate record when parts of a historic asset are affected by a proposed
change, and ensuring that this record or the results of any investigation are
securely archived and made publicly available;
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Hendre Quarry, Flintshire: Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment © Cotswold Archaeology
And specifically to:
• protect the Outstanding Universal Value of the World Heritage Sites in
Wales;
• conserve archaeological remains, both for their own sake and for their role
in education, leisure and the economy;
• safeguard the character of historic buildings and manage change so that
their special architectural and historic interest is preserved;
• preserve or enhance the character or appearance of conservation areas,
while at the same time helping them remain vibrant and prosperous;
• preserve the special interest of sites on the register of historic parks and
gardens in Wales; and
• conserve areas on the register of historic landscapes in Wales.
ASIDOHL 2 (assessment of the significance of development on historic landscapes)
Consultation with CPAT confirmed that the proposals did not require an ASIDOHL 2
assessment (as set out in the WSI, Appendix 5).
Archaeology and the Historic Environment See Appendix 1 for full PPW edition 10, Chapter 6, policies on archaeology.
Technical Advice Note 24 In addition to Planning Policy Wales Edition 10, planning policy is guided by the
Technical Advice Note 24 for the Historic Environment (TAN24, Welsh Government,
2017) which supersedes the Welsh Circulars 60/96 and 61/96.
The purpose of TAN 24 is to provide guidance on how the planning system
considers the historic environment during development plan preparation and
decision making on planning and Listed Building (LBC) applications. This TAN
provides specific guidance on how the following aspects of the historic environment
should be considered:
• World Heritage Sites
• Scheduled monuments
• Archaeological remains
• Listed buildings
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Hendre Quarry, Flintshire: Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment © Cotswold Archaeology
• Conservation areas
• Historic parks and gardens
• Historic landscapes
• Historic assets of special local interest
Flintshire Unitary Development Plan 2000-2015 The Site is located within the administrative boundary of . The development plan for
this area is the Flintshire Unitary Development Plan 2000-2015. Although the
adopted UDP became time expired at the end of 2015 it remains the adopted
development plan for the County. Relevant heritage policies comprise the following:
• HE1 development affecting Conservation Areas
• HE2 Development affecting listed buildings and their settings
• HE3 Demolition in Conservation Areas
• HE4 Buildings of local interest
• HE5 Protection of Registered Landscapes, Parks and Gardens of Special
Historic Interest
• HE6 Scheduled Ancient Monuments and other nationally important
archaeological sites
• HE7 Other sites of lesser archaeological significance
• HE8 Recording of historic permitted features
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Hendre Quarry, Flintshire: Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment © Cotswold Archaeology
3. METHODOLOGY
Study area scope The study area encompasses an area 1km from the Site boundary. The size of the
study area has ensured that data sources provided sufficient contextual information
about the proposed development Site, and its surrounding landscape, from which to
assess the impact on the known or potential historic resource.
Known historic assets within the study area are discussed in Section 4. Gazetteers
of those historic assets in the study area which are considered relevant to the
assessment have been compiled, and are presented as Appendix 2. Those historic
assets which are not relevant to the Site are not discussed within the report.
Historic assets are referred to in the text by a unique reference: SM and LB (for
Scheduled Monuments and Listed Buildings respectively), and numerically 1, 2, etc.
for other historic assets.
Data acquisition Readily available archaeological and historical information from documentary and
cartographic sources has been consulted. The major repositories of information
include the following:
Source Data
Cadw
List of World Heritage Sites; Listed Buildings; Scheduled Monuments; Registered Parks and Gardens; and Registered Battlefields.
Clwyd Powys Archaeological Trust (CPAT)
Database of known archaeological sites, findspots, historic buildings and previous archaeological works; and Published and unpublished documentary sources (including development control site reports).
Flintshire Archives Historic mapping, historic documentation, and relevant published and grey literature.
Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales
Vertical and oblique aerial photography ranging in date from the 1940s to present.
Natural Resource Wales website
LiDAR imagery and point cloud data, available from the Environment Agency website.
Genealogist, Envirocheck & other cartographic websites Historic (Ordnance Survey and Tithe) mapping in digital format.
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Hendre Quarry, Flintshire: Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment © Cotswold Archaeology
Source Data
British Geological Survey (BGS) website
UK geological mapping (bedrock & superficial deposits) & borehole data.
Site inspection Walkover site inspection
Table 3.1 Key data sources
Site inspection A walkover site inspection was undertaken in September 2019, in both the Site itself
and its wider vicinity. This was undertaken in order to identify historic assets not
previously recorded within the Site, and to assess potential effects on the
significance of historic assets arising from changes to their setting as a result of the
proposed development.
A walkover survey was conducted within the Site, which was undertaken in dry and
clear weather conditions. Access was afforded only to the areas to where the quarry
is to expand since the remaining is an active quarry. The areas accessed are
agricultural fields mostly under pasture or under turnip plantation.
Aerial photographs from the Welsh Government Aerial photographs covering different areas of Wales from 1945 to the present were
consulted and uploaded into an Esri’s ArcMap 10.5.1 workspace. They were
downloaded from the Lle website, a geo-portal for Wales as a WMTS file under the
Open Government License for the Public Sector and were also obtained from the
Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales. The relevant
aerial photographs were georeferenced and will be included within the report. The
aerial photographs show that the Site was subject to development during the latter
part of the 20th century, largely associated with agricultural and quarrying activity.
Features and buildings noted, which are discussed in further detail below, appear to
relate to such activity and correlate with historic mapping available for the Site.
LiDAR imagery LiDAR DTM and DSM tiles were obtained from the Natural Resource Wales,
through the Government Open Data portal (environment.data.gov.uk). The data
was available at 2m-resolution but only covered the southern portion of the Site
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Hendre Quarry, Flintshire: Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment © Cotswold Archaeology
which is occupied by the active quarry. For this reason LiDAR analysis of the Site
was excluded from this assessment.
Value of historic assets The value of historic assets is best defined by the Cadw guidance Conservation
Principles (2011), which describes value as a combination of evidential value;
historical value; aesthetic value; and communal value.
Evidential value derives from those elements of an historic asset that can provide
evidence about past human activity, including its physical remains or historic fabric.
Historical value may derive from particular aspects of past ways of life, or
association with notable families, persons, events or movements – it embodies the
connection between past events and society with the present.
Aesthetic value derives from the sensory and intellectual stimulation drawn from an
historic asset. It may include its physical form, and how it lies within its setting. It
may also be the result of design, or an unplanned outcome of a process of events.
Communal value derives from the meanings that an historic asset has for the
people who relate to it, or for whom it figures in their collective experience or
memory. It may be commemorative or symbolic, and relate to issues of identity or
collective memory.
The setting of historic assets This assessment has been undertaken in accordance with the approach outlined in
the publication ‘Setting of Historic Assets in Wales’ (Cadw, 2017b). This provides
guidance on setting and development management, including the assessment of
the implications of proposed development. The guidance reiterates that ‘the setting
of a historic asset is the surroundings in which a historic asset is experienced. Its
extent is not fixed, and may change as the asset and its surroundings evolve.
Elements of a setting may make a positive or negative contribution to the
significance of an asset, may affect the ability to appreciate that significance or may
be neutral'.
All historic assets have a setting, and features of a setting may make a positive or
negative contribution to significance, and may affect the appreciation of the asset.
They can remain neutral. The extent and importance of setting is often expressed
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Hendre Quarry, Flintshire: Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment © Cotswold Archaeology
by reference to visual considerations, but can also comprise other elements which
contribute to the ways in which a historic asset is experienced, including factors
such as noise, vibrations, dust or other pollutants; spatial associations; the rarity of
comparable survivals of setting, and associative relationships between historic
assets.
A stepped approach is undertaken for assessing the implications of development
proposals. The first step is to consider the site context, and whether, from a
heritage point of view, there are other reasonable alternatives that should be
preferred for development. In addition, this step identifies the historic assets
affected, and the aspects of their settings which would be affected by the proposed
development. Step 2 is to assess whether, how, and to what degree, these settings
make a positive contribution to the significance of the historic asset(s), i.e. ‘what
matters and why’. This includes a consideration of the key attributes of the historic
asset itself, and then considers:
• The physical surroundings of the asset, including its relationship with other
historic assets; and
• The way in which the asset is appreciated.
Step 3 (where appropriate) is to assess the effect of the proposed Development on
the significance of historic assets through consideration of the key attributes of the
proposed Development in terms of its:
• Location and siting;
• Form and appearance;
• Additional effects; and
• Permanence.
Step 4 is to maximise enhancement and minimise harm, and Step 5 refers to
making and documenting the decision and monitoring outcomes.
The settings assessment presented in this report includes consideration of Steps 1
to 3, which are the steps normally undertaken to inform the planning process. Step
4 is carried out when it is considered necessary to specifically design or redesign a
scheme to take historic assets into account. This is not considered necessary in this
case. Step 5 is a subsequent stage, and is not applicable to this assessment.
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Hendre Quarry, Flintshire: Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment © Cotswold Archaeology
Limitations of the assessment This assessment is principally a desk-based study, and has utilised secondary
information derived from a variety of sources, only some of which have been
directly examined for the purpose of this assessment. The assumption is made that
this data, as well as that derived from secondary sources, is reasonably accurate.
The records held by Cadw and CPAT HER are not a record of all surviving historic
assets, but a record of the discovery of a wide range of archaeological and
historical components of the historic environment. The information held within these
repositories is not complete, and does not preclude the subsequent discovery of
further elements of the historic environment that are, at present, unknown.
As mentioned this assessment has excluded LiDAR analysis considering that the
database is incomplete and did not include the most relevant areas of the Site.
A selection of archival material pertaining to the Site and study area was consulted
in person at the Flintshire Archives. There may be other relevant material held by
the National Archives, other local repositories, and in private collections; which it
was not possible to gain access to.
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Hendre Quarry, Flintshire: Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment © Cotswold Archaeology
4. ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
Landscape context The Site is located c.5km north-west of Mold, to the north of the A541 in Hendre,
Flintshire. It lies near to the watershed that divides the continuous valley which
carries the rivers Alyn and Wheeler, respectively tributaries of the rivers Clwyd and
Dee. The Site lies on the north side of this valley, at an altitude of between about
160m and 230m AOD.
The ground to the north-east forms a broad escarpment which overlooks the
estuary of the Dee and extends north-west from Buckley, culminating in Graig Fawr,
above Prestatyn.
Geology The solid geology of the Site consists of Dinantian (Carboniferous) Limestone (BGS
2019), with the overlying Namurian (Millstone Grit) rocks outcropping c.1.5km to the
north.
The Alyn-Wheeler valley is of geological interest for its fluvio-glacial features, such
as eskers, which were left behind when the glaciers retreated. Drift deposits, which
are probably associated with the glaciation, are present on the north side of the
valley and consist of mixed gravels in clay and sand matrices. The soils of the
immediate area are fine loamy soils belonging to the East Keswick 3 Association
(Landis 2019).
Previous archaeological works Only three records for archaeological fieldwork exist for the study area. Previous
investigations of relevance to this assessment are illustrated on Fig. 2 and briefly
summarized on Table 3.1. The results of these investigations are discussed
throughout Section 3, when relevant, in accordance with the chronological order of
their findings.
Reference on Fig. 2
Description
Ev1 Hendre Farm ‘barrow’ excavation Ev2 Hendre Quarry Assessment Ev3 Hendre Quarry Western Extension Watching Brief
Table 4.1 Summary of relevant previous archaeological works
"/"/
"/Ev1
Ev2Ev3
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PROJECT TITLE
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FIGURE TITLE
Hendre Quarry, Flintshire
Site location plan showing study areaand previous archaeological works
FIGURE NO.
Reproduced from ordance Survey digital map data © Crown copyright anddatabase rights 2019. Ordnance Survey 0100031673.Courtesy of CPAT Historic Environment Team and Cadw unless otherwise stated.
0 550m
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LegendSiteStudy Area
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PROJECT TITLE
31:11,000
FIGURE TITLE
Hendre Quarry, Flintshire
Site location plan showing archaeological features
FIGURE NO.
Reproduced from ordance Survey digital map data © Crown copyright anddatabase rights 2019. Ordnance Survey 0100031673.Courtesy of CPAT Historic Environment Team and Cadw unless otherwise stated.
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DRAWN BYCHECKED BYAPPROVED BY
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PROJECT NO.DATESCALE @ A3
06/10/2020CR0167
LegendSite
PeriodBronze AgeMedievalPost-Medieval
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Hendre Quarry, Flintshire: Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment © Cotswold Archaeology
Prehistoric and Romano-British There are no records of occupation of either the Site or the study area for the earlier
periods of prehistory.
In the later Neolithic and early Bronze Age there seems to have been an expansion
of population into previously under-exploited regions further inland, possibly due
both to pressures on land as well as an apparent improvement in climate (Wiggins
and Evans 2005; Slatcher 2013).
The Site underwent an archaeological excavation in 1989 (Fig. 2, Ev1) in advance
of a phase of quarry expansion. The excavations were centred on a mound which
was believed to represent a round barrow of presumed Bronze Age date (Fig. 3, 1).
This barrow has since been removed by quarrying activity. The results of said
excavation proved that the mound was in fact of natural origin, comprising
unconsolidated sands, silts and gravel. However, it had clearly been the site of
activity in the Neolithic and Bronze Age periods, as a total of nine features were
revealed, cut into the mound and the ground immediately surrounding it. Four of the
features were pits, forming an arc 8m long on the north-east side of the mound.
Near the centre of the mound a shallow grave was revealed at the southern end of
the arc, which contained the partial remains of an adult male and three children.
Three features were found to the east of the pits and the terminus of a ditch was
found further to the north. The earliest feature was the ditch, which contained burnt
material; charcoal from it was radiocarbon dated to between 3017 and 2614 cal BC
at a 95% confidence level. A significant quantity of lithics, mainly flint, was present
in the fill of the pits, together with some sherds of Grooved Ware pottery dating to
the Neolithic period. The nature of the deposits in the pits suggested that they were
probably contemporaneous, and alder charcoal from the basal fill of one pit was
radiocarbon dated to between 2554 and 2058 cal BC at a 95% confidence level.
Human bone from the multiple inhumation burial atop the mound was also
radiocarbon dated, giving a date of between 1888 and 1682 cal BC at a 95%
confidence level) which confirms continuing interest in the site into the Early Bronze
Age (Brassil and Gibson, 1999).Upon visiting the Site it was noted that the original
site of these excavations has been quarried out and no remains are left in situ.
Subsequent archaeological investigation in 2015 prior to the extension of the quarry
(Fig. 2, Ev3) uncovered an occupation site along the western edge of the Site (Fig.
3, 2). Amongst the finds recovered there were numerous fragments of pottery and
20
Hendre Quarry, Flintshire: Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment © Cotswold Archaeology
flint tools (Watson 2015). An additional Bronze Age feature within the study area,
located c.570m to the west of the Site (Fig. 3, 3) comprises the site of a possible
round barrow which seems to have been ploughed (CPAT 1999) but in 1940 was
undisturbed (Davies 1949). No further investigation was undertaken and its actual
nature is unknown.
No further evidence pertaining to the prehistoric periods is recorded within the Site
or the study area.
There are no known records of the Romano-British period within the Site or the
study area.
Early medieval and medieval There are no finds or features of the early medieval or medieval periods within the
Site.
The Site is located in the Hendre hamlet within the historic parish of Halkyn for
which the Domesday Book contains an entry to Inglecroft, Brunfor [Brynford] et
Helchene or Alchene in 1086. The church is documented as Helegen in the
Taxation of 1254, and as Heleng’ in 1291, while Alkyn appeared in 1284, and
Halkyn in 1360. The most recent work on Welsh place-names suggests that while
the element halc normally means ‘nook’ or ‘corner’, here it could mean ‘cavity’, an
obscure pointer to the early mining shafts on Halkyn Mountain.
The word Hendre evolved from hendref meaning homestead and seems to suggest
that the hamlet itself started with a single house (Owen and Gruffydd 2017) of some
status, possibly Cilcain Hall which was located c.250m to the west (Fig. 3, 4) of the
Site and which comprised a medieval hall house.
The development of the settlement during the medieval period is not recorded and
as a testament to that the evidences for the medieval period recorded within the
study area mostly pertain to remnants of medieval strip fields located c.850m to the
north-west (Fig. 3, 5), c.720m to the south (Fig. 3, 6) and c.890m to the south-west
(Fig. 3, 8) of the Site; the Hen Blas quillet located c.550m to the south-west of the
Site (Fig. 3, 7) and also the medieval Ffynnon Leinw (holy well) c.780m to the
south-west (Fig. 3, 9).
21
Hendre Quarry, Flintshire: Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment © Cotswold Archaeology
No further evidences for the period are recorded within the study area. It is possible
to extrapolate that during the medieval period the Site was part of the agricultural
hinterland of the scattered small hamlets of the area and most likely part of the
open fields system.
Post-medieval and modern There are several records relating to the post-medieval period located within the
Site. As well as for the rest of the study area, most of the records are connected to
the extensive extraction activities being developed across the area (Fig. 3) and the
activities of the North Hendre Mine Company. Those features and sites recorded by
the HER and RCAHMW which are most relevant to the Site, including those which
provide context, comprise mine shafts (Fig. 3, 10, 12, 17), the workings (Fig. 3, 11, 15), the limekiln (Fig. 3, 13), the Hendre Quarry Engine House located c.180m to
the east (Fig. 3, 25) and the Limeworks located c.90m to the east (Fig. 3, 26).The
Site area also includes the site of a post-medieval farmstead (Fig. 3, 14) and of a
terraced access trackway (Fig. 3, 16). Related to the mines and quarries within the
Site, but located outside its boundary include a 4th shaft site located c.55m to the
south (Fig. 3, 27).
As mentioned the remaining of the evidence related to the post-medieval period
pertains to mine shafts, limekilns, quarries, workings and associated features with
the sole exceptions being the site of a smithy c.390m to the east (Fig. 3, 23), a mill
c.100m to the south (Fig. 3, 28) a mill leat 170m to the south-west (Fig. 3, 39), and
the Bryn Charlotte well c.230m to the west (Fig. 3, 19) of the Site.
22
Hendre Quarry, Flintshire: Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment © Cotswold Archaeology
5. DOCUMENTED LANDUSE OF THE SITE
The first available depiction of the Site’s area can be found on the 1839 Tithe map
for the parish of Halkyn (Fig. 4). A summary of the related apportionment can be
found on Table 5.1 below for ease of reference.
Plot No Ownership Tenant Name and Description 780 Robert Grosvenor Marquis of
Westminster Richard Lloyd Erw Eithin
Gorse Acre 781 Miss Francis Mostyn Edwards Edward Lloyd Coitie Gwyn
Gwyn’s Field 782 Miss Francis Mostyn Edwards Edward Lloyd Coitie Ansdydd
Home Field 783 Miss Francis Mostyn Edwards Edward Lloyd Bryn Mawr Ucha
Great Hill 784 Miss Francis Mostyn Edwards Edward Lloyd Bryn Mawr Isa
Great Hill 785 Miss Francis Mostyn Edwards Edward Lloyd Bryn Llidiart
Gate Hill 797 Miss Francis Mostyn Edwards George Sheldon Coitie Aidiart Sowill
Field 839 Miss Francis Mostyn Edwards George Sheldon Coitie Ffynnan
Prosper Field 840 Miss Francis Mostyn Edwards In hand Plantation fenced in 843 Miss Francis Mostyn Edwards George Sheldon Erw Odyn
Kiln Acre 844 Miss Francis Mostyn Edwards George Sheldon Hendre House, Garden etc. 845 Miss Francis Mostyn Edwards George Sheldon Coitia Dial
Revenge Field 853 Miss Francis Mostyn Edwards Robert Hughes Coitia Richard Grifiths
Richard Grifiths Field 854 Miss Francis Mostyn Edwards Edward Lloyd Coitie Mawr
Great Field 856 Miss Francis Mostyn Edwards Edward Lloyd Erw Ydlam
Yes Acres 857 Miss Francis Mostyn Edwards Edward Lloyd Coitie Ysgubor
Barn Field 858 Miss Francis Mostyn Edwards Edward Lloyd Erw Banadle
Acre 859 Miss Francis Mostyn Edwards Edward Lloyd Coitie Derw
Oak Field 862 Miss Francis Mostyn Edwards Ann Jones Erw Eithin
Gorse Acre 863 Miss Francis Mostyn Edwards Ann Jones Cae Bryn
Hill Field 864 Miss Francis Mostyn Edwards Ann Jones Coitie Ydlam and Erw Bach
Yes Field and Small Acres 875 Sir John Hanmer Baronet Ann Jones Erw Hir and New Cyfer
Long Acre and New Acre
Table 5.1 Summary of the 1839 Apportionment
320000
320000
368000 368000
PROJECT TITLE
41:3,800
FIGURE TITLE
Hendre Quarry, Flintshire
Site location on 1839 Tithe Map for the parish of Halkyn
FIGURE NO.
Courtesy of The Genealogist
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LegendSite
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Hendre Quarry, Flintshire: Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment © Cotswold Archaeology
The apportionment gives information on the ownership but lacks the information on
the landuse. There are only two records which include land use information: plot
844, effectively the location of Hendre Figillt (Farm) which describes the presence
of built form (house and etc.); and plot 840 which mentions an area of fenced in
plantation, clearly depicted on the south-eastern corner of the Site.
The area was subject to more intensive industrial activity in the latter part of the
19th century, starting about 1870, when the North Hendre Mine Company took up a
lease to work ground under Hendre Figillt (farm) for lead ore. The workings
eventually comprised an adit level from the valley to the south, which was linked to
at least three shafts. A plan of the workings produced in 1879 (Strahan 1890, not
reproduced due to poor quality) shows that most ore was obtained from an area just
to the north of the farm buildings. The Hendre lime works and quarry were in
operation in 1874, when Hendre Figillt was sold by the Cilcain Hall Estate. The 1st
Edition Ordnance Survey Map of 1878-1881 (Fig. 5) reflects this, with most of the
extraction activities being focused on the southern part of the Site, where Hendre
Mine is recorded and annotated, but also scattered across the rest of the Site’s area
in the form of limekilns and the lead mine shafts. A few wells are also annotated
across the Site’s area.
Fig. 5 Site location on 1878-1881 1st Edition OS
25
Hendre Quarry, Flintshire: Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment © Cotswold Archaeology
The 2nd Edition Ordnance Survey Map of 1900 (Fig. 6) shows no substantial
difference of landuse or development apart from annotating the lead shafts as Old
Shaft, an indication that these were not in use anymore. In and extending to the
south of the Site the mine is now annotated as a quarry.
Fig. 6 Site location plan on 1900 2nd Edition OS
The following Ordnance Survey of 1914 (Fig. 7) shows no major differences in
development or landuse within the Site. This trend continues until the demolition of
the buildings of Hendre Farm for the expansion of the quarry which is pictured on
the 1964 Ordnance Survey (Fig. 8) and continued to expand until the present (for a
the complete historic map progression please see the Envirocheck report included
as Appendix 3).
Historically several buildings occupied the Site area. These have been mapped on
Figure 9 below for ease of reference. None of the buildings that could be
considered of heritage significance are extant; these would have been the buildings
of Hendre Farm and the mines which were progressively demolished and replaced
by modern buildings and facilities for the quarry whilst it expanded. These extant
buildings are mostly comprised of modern industrial buildings to support the
quarrying activities and plant and are not considered to be of heritage significance.
26
Hendre Quarry, Flintshire: Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment © Cotswold Archaeology
No buildings were ever recorded within the areas onto which the quarry proposes to
expand.
Fig. 7 Site location on 1914 OS
Fig. 8 Site location on 1964 OS
320000
320000
368000 368000
PROJECT TITLE
91:4,500
FIGURE TITLE
Hendre Quarry, Flintshire
Site location showing built form
FIGURE NO.
Reproduced from ordance Survey digital map data © Crown copyright anddatabase rights 2019. Ordnance Survey 0100031673.
0 200m
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LegendSite1839 Built Form1878-1881 Built Form1900 Built FormExtant Built Form
28
Hendre Quarry, Flintshire: Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment © Cotswold Archaeology
The analysis of historical aerial photographs from the 1940s (see Appendix 4) until
the present allows the identification of features of possible archaeological origin
which are visible as cropmarks. These have been mapped and can be seen on
Figure 10 below.
Fig. 10 Site location plan and transcribed cropmarks from historical aerial photographs
Amongst these features are the round barrow discussed previously, but also two
other round cropmarks, possibly ring ditches, and a small number of linear marks
that might have correlated to old field boundaries or trackways. Most of these
features were located within the area of the Site that has been quarried away, and
for that reason are not extant anymore and are impossible to be verified. The
features that are within the quarry expansion area, and hence still extant, are
considered to comprise post-medieval field boundaries and a trackway which do not
comprise historic assets.
Hedgerows present along field boundaries (Fig. 11) that were first depicted on the
tithe map of 1839 (Fig. 5) are likely to comprise ‘important’ hedgerows under the
criteria for archaeology and history of the Hedgerow Regulations 1997, as they pre-
date the Enclosure Act of 1845, and subsequent Acts up to the Commonable Rights
Compensation Act of 1882 (see Appendix 1). Such hedgerows do not comprise
designated historic assets, but are ‘non-designated historic assets’ of low heritage
29
Hendre Quarry, Flintshire: Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment © Cotswold Archaeology
significance. The Regulations are essentially a Notification mechanism, which
requires that appropriate notice be given to the local authority prior to removal.
Fig. 11 Site location plan and ‘important’ hedgerows
As visible on Figure 10 above most of the Site is occupied by the quarry. Most of
the area has already been quarried away or is under exploration.
The area to the east of the Site (Fig. 10, shaded light blue) is the area to which the
quarry will extend its operation. Said part of the Site comprises agricultural fields,
under pasture and/or crop, and small pockets of woodland (Photos 1-4 below).
30
Hendre Quarry, Flintshire: Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment © Cotswold Archaeology
Photo 1 Site facing north
Photo 2 Site facing south-east
31
Hendre Quarry, Flintshire: Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment © Cotswold Archaeology
Photo 3 Site facing south
Photo 4 Site facing south-west
32
Hendre Quarry, Flintshire: Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment © Cotswold Archaeology
Historic landscape The Site is included within the Landmap for Historical Landscape for Wales which
describes the area of the Site as being within a gently undulating landscape
dissected by steep-sided stream valleys to the south and west of Halkyn Mountain,
between heights of 130-260 metres above sea level. Fieldscapes are predominantly
irregular fields of probable medieval origin, with smaller areas of possible strip fields
of medieval origin and of straight-sided fields representing 18th and 19th-century
enclosure of farmland or landscape reorganisation. Present-day settlement is
characterised by scattered farms and by the small nucleated at Rhosesmor which
originated as settlement associated with the mining and quarrying industries in the
19th century. Scattered remains of 19th-century extractive industries, including
mine shafts and limekilns are also characteristic of this area.
As there is no adopted Historic Landscape Characterisation for the area of the Site
this has been created for this assessment using common terminology for this type
of report.
The Site area belongs in part to the Fields and Enclosed Land type and in part to
the Industrial and Extraction type in terms of historic landscape characterisation.
The Fields and Enclosed Land type primarily comprises field parcels of distinct
forms, used for agricultural activities (grazing, arable, stock keeping and water
management). The Industrial and Extraction type primarily comprises more
industrialised areas, usually focussed on major towns, but also localised practices
on a smaller scale which exploited the local geology and watercourses. These types
are very widely distributed across the county.
The history of the Fields and Enclosed Land type has very early origins, with
examples from the later prehistoric period surviving and remaining legible in certain
areas. In addition, remnants of fossilised medieval fields (open fields comprised of
strips or furlongs) are still legible in certain areas of the landscape. The process of
formalised enclosure has early post-medieval origins, and was accelerated in the
18th and 19th centuries when enclosure by Parliamentary Act became prevalent in
certain parts of the county. More recently, there have been substantial changes to
the fieldscapes with re-shaping and boundary change being commonplace.
The fields in the county vary hugely, both in terms of size, morphology and
boundary type. These features help to identify the particular field type (e.g. assart,
33
Hendre Quarry, Flintshire: Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment © Cotswold Archaeology
planned field etc.) and can often be characteristic of particular formation processes
that led to the creation of the field or enclosure. The area followed the general trend
of boundary loss, where smaller fields have been combined to make larger holdings
more suitable for modern agriculture.
The Site in particular is considered to have a group of post-medieval reorganised
fields, a fact clear through the analysis of the historic maps (Fig. 8 to 14), which are
the most common type of field recorded. This means that the fields within the Site
are of no historic or evidential value as historic assets.
The history of the Industrial and Extraction land type can, depending on the site, be
traced to the middle ages, and even earlier, when, as mentioned, more localised
practices on a smaller scale exploited the local resources. Many of these sites were
mills, mines, quarries and limekilns that have since fallen from use, but their
character remains legible in the modern landscape.
The Site contains a modern stone quarry but mining and quarrying activity within
the Site has been recorded since at least the post-medieval period. Despite the
widespread nature of industry in the county some features are distinctive locally and
have a substantial impact on the landscape, since they take advantage of the
landscape elements themselves (i.e. topography, geology). Although explorative
industries have historically been part of the area where the Site is located, the age
and scale of the activities presently within the Site are quite modern and common in
the local and wider area and the lack of survival of historic buildings and/or features
associated means that the Site has no historic or evidential value as a historic
asset.
34
Hendre Quarry, Flintshire: Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment © Cotswold Archaeology
6. ARCHAEOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE & POTENTIAL
Previous Impacts As illustrated on Figure 10 above only the eastern part of the Site remains
unquarried and has potential for the presence/ survival of archaeological features.
In addition to the modern quarrying activity, and as discussed in Sections 4 and 5,
the presence of several mine shafts and post-medieval quarry sites may have also
truncated archaeological remains.
The significance of known and potential archaeological remains within the Site
Archaeological remains are recorded within the Site, from programmes of
archaeological investigation discussed above in Section 4. The Site is considered to
have potential for further remains of the Prehistoric and post-medieval periods as
follows:
• Bronze Age remains which would have historical and evidential values as
heritage assets, providing information on the early development of
settlement patterns across the area; these would most likely relate to rural
settlement activity including surfaces, buildings, field systems, and a more
limited potential for the presence of inhumations. These would have historic
and evidential values as historic assets; and
• remains associated with the industrial and agricultural use of the area during
the post-medieval period that would have historic and evidential values as
historic assets by providing information on the social and economic
development of the settlement.
Any truncation (physical development effects) upon those less significant non-
designated archaeological remains identified within the Site would primarily result
from groundworks associated with construction. Such groundworks might include:
• pre-construction impacts associated with demolition and ground
investigation works;
• ground reduction;
• construction ground works, including excavation of building foundations,
service trenches and stripping for roads/car parks;
• excavation of new site drainage channels (including soakaways); and
• landscaping and planting.
35
Hendre Quarry, Flintshire: Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment © Cotswold Archaeology
The previous work discussed in Section 3 and which uncovered occupational
Bronze Age and post-medieval deposits mean that some of these deposits may
extend to the remaining areas of the Site.
This assessment has identified that the Site has potential for prehistoric, medieval
and post-medieval deposits confirmed by previous archaeological investigations
undertaken within the Site. Such remains would be of evidential and historic
(illustrative) value, but it is highly unlikely that they would be of such significance
that they would preclude development of the Site. The heritage impacts of their
truncation and / or removal could be mitigated by a programme of appropriate and
proportionate archaeological works to be agreed with the Local Planning Authority.
36
Hendre Quarry, Flintshire: Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment © Cotswold Archaeology
7. THE SETTING OF HERITAGE ASSETS
This section assesses any potential impact effects of the proposed development on
the significance of designated historic assets, through the alteration of their setting.
An initial appraisal, carried out as part of Step 1 of the assessment methodology
utilised readily-available information to determine whether any historic asset’s
setting may be affected by the proposed development. Designated historic assets
within 3km of the Site were scoped into a settings assessment, an approach that is
considered standard for this type for development. These assets have been
mapped on Figure 3 below and are compiled in Appendix 6.
Of the heritage assets recorded within the study area only one was considered
sensitive to the proposed development due to possible changes to its setting. Said
asset comprises the Grade II Listed Engine House at Hendre Quarry (Fig. 12, LB1)
located c.150m to the southeast of the Site. This asset was identified using a
combination of GIS analysis and field examination, which has considered, amongst
other factors, the surrounding topographic and environmental conditions, built form,
vegetation cover, and lines of sight, within the context of the assets’ heritage
significance.
The assessment identified that there would be no nonphysical impact upon the
significance of any other heritage assets as a result of changes to the use and/or
appearance of the Site. These unaffected assets comprise and Scheduled
Monuments and Listed Buildings of varied grades, with the closest ones being:
• Grade II Listed Lygan Uchaf c.420m to the east of the Site (Fig. 12, LB2);
• Grade II Listed Plas Winter c.820m to the northeast of the Site (Fig. 12,
LB3); and
• Grade II Listed Ffynnon Lein c.780m to the west of the Site (Fig. 12, LB4).
Their setting comprises the agricultural hinterland of several small villages and
hamlets, a landscape in which they are best perceptible and intelligible as heritage
assets. This setting would not be altered, and would be preserved, as would the
assets’ key contributing values and views. Views of the surrounding landscape
(including the Site) from these assets are blocked by vegetation, topography and
other built form, and there are no other discernible (nonvisual) historical or
landscape associations between any of these assets and the Site. As such, the
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LB1
LB2
LB3
LB4
316000
316000
318000
318000
320000
320000
322000
322000
366000 366000
368000 368000
370000 370000
PROJECT TITLE
121:26,000
FIGURE TITLE
Hendre Quarry, Flintshire
Site location showing designated heritage assets
FIGURE NO.
© Crown copyright and database rights 2020Ordnance Survey 0100031673Database and data copyright rights Cadw and Clwyd Powys Archaeological TrustHER team
0 1,250m
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Hen
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, Flin
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.mxd
Andover CirencesterExeterMilton KeynesSuffolk
DRAWN BYCHECKED BYAPPROVED BY
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PROJECT NO.DATESCALE @ A3
06/10/2020CR0167
LegendSiteStudy AreaScheduled Monuments
#* Grade I Listed Buildings") Grade II* Listed Buildings$+ Grade II Listed Buildings
38
Hendre Quarry, Flintshire: Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment © Cotswold Archaeology
proposals will not result in any non-physical harm to the significance of these
assets, and they have not been assessed in any further detail.
Subsequent to the scoping exercise the heritage asset identified as being sensitive
was taken through to Steps 2 and 3 of the setting assessment process.
Steps 2 – 3: Assessment of setting and potential effects of the development This section presents the results of Steps 2 to 3 of the settings assessment, which
have been undertaken with regard to those potentially susceptible heritage assets
identified in Step 1. Step 2 considers the contribution that setting makes to the
significance of potentially susceptible heritage assets. Step 3 then considers how, if
at all, and to what extent any anticipated changes to the setting of those assets, as
a result of development within the Site, might affect their significance.
Grade II Listed Engine House at Hendre (Fig. 12, LB1)
Special architectural and historic interest
The Engine House at Hendre (Fig. 12, LB1; Photo 5 below) is a c.1865 engine
house originally attached to the mine workings at Hendre. It is built of stone rubble
with brick dressings to openings with 3 storeys with altered or inserted openings to
the front and 2 arched window openings to the top storey on the right hand return
elevation.
The significance of the Engine House at Hendre primarily derives from its historic
(illustrative and associative), aesthetic and communal values embodied by its
physical form. It was listed as a good example of an engine house and due to its
historical associations with the local mining industry.
Physical surroundings (‘what matters and why’)
Grade II Listed Engine House at Hendre is located on the side of a hill on the edge
of Hendre Quarry, c.300m north-west of Hendre and c.180m to the south-east of
the Site.
The setting of the Engine House at Hendre is defined by the scatter of historical and
modern mine and quarry workings surrounded by agricultural fields and farms. This
setting has not changed much over time which makes a positive contribution to the
significance of the Engine House at Hendre since it maintains its legibility within the
landscape albeit not currently being in use.
39
Hendre Quarry, Flintshire: Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment © Cotswold Archaeology
Photo 5 The Engine House at Hendre
Experience (‘what matters and why’)
The Grade II Listed Engine House at Hendre can only be approached through a
private road to Hendre Quarry which runs north off the A541 near Hendre.
Although the experience of the building might be quite limited, due to the private
nature of the road, some public access is available through public rights of way
through the portions of woodland that flank the quarry to the south. This allows a
somewhat close inspection of the building which is still partially legible within the
landscape since it is still connected with the extraction industry. Thus, this
experience makes a positive contribution to the significance of the asset facilitating
an appreciation of both its function and context.
Contribution of the Site
Direct historical associations between the Engine House at Hendre (Fig. 12, LB1)
and the Site were identified during this assessment. The Engine House was built to
house the big wheel engine, which is now missing, to support the lead mines that
40
Hendre Quarry, Flintshire: Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment © Cotswold Archaeology
once worked within the Site’s area (discussed within Section 3 and 4 of the current
report). Although these mines no longer function, the Site is still under industrial
uses which render the historical links still valid.
The Site is not a location whence the special architectural and historic interest of
the Engine House at Hendre (Fig. 12, LB1) can typically or is best experienced and
it does not hinder its appreciation. As mentioned to best experience the asset one
needs to be in close proximity. The relative distance and the intervenient vegetation
and built form prevent any current intervisibility between the asset and the Site.
It is considered that the Site is a part of the setting of the Engine House at Hendre
(Fig. 12, LB1) which at present makes a neutral to slightly positive contribution to its
significance due to its continued use for the extraction industry, which allows the
asset to remain somewhat legible within its landscape. As such, the development
within the Site would result in no harm to the significance of the Grade II Listed
Engine House at Hendre (Fig. 12, LB1).
These results were confirmed during the site visit when it became clear on walking
around the area that the development proposals would introduce little appreciable
change to the wider surroundings of the listed building. Similarly, there will be no
physical harm to any listed features or scheduled monuments associated with
Engine House. As such, it can be concluded that the proposals would not lead to
harm to the historic significance of any Listed Building or Scheduled Monument in
the wider vicinity of the proposed development.
Therefore the proposals would be consistent with the requirements of the Planning
(Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act, 1990 which states that ‘special
regard’ should be given to ‘the desirability of preserving the building or its setting or
any features of special architectural or historic interest which it possesses’. The
setting of the buildings will be ‘preserved’ i.e. it will not be ‘harmed’.
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8. CONCLUSIONS
Known historic assets The Site underwent an archaeological excavation in 1989 in advance of a phase of
quarry expansion. The excavations were centred on a mound which was believed to
represent a round barrow of presumed Bronze Age date. This mound has since
been completely removed by quarrying. The results of the excavation proved that
the mound was in fact of natural origin, comprising unconsolidated sands, silts and
gravel. However, it had clearly been the site of activity in the Neolithic and Bronze
Age periods, as a total of nine features were revealed, cut into the mound and the
ground immediately surrounding it.
Several cropmarks identified within the area of the Site to which the quarry will
expand are still extant. Upon examination these were considered to be a post-
medieval trackway and field boundaries which are not considered to be historic
assets.
The historic landscape Examination has shown that the landscape character of the Site, both fields and
explorative industry, does not have any intrinsic historic value in itself. The
proposals will not harm any registered historic landscapes.
Several hedgerows present along field boundaries (Fig. 11) comprise ‘important’
hedgerows under the criteria for archaeology and history of the Hedgerow
Regulations 1997. These are considered to comprise non-designated historic
assets of low heritage significance. The Regulations are essentially a Notification
mechanism, which requires that appropriate notice be given to the local authority
prior to removal.
Potential for currently unrecorded archaeological remains It is considered that there is some potential for the survival of buried remains
relating to the prehistoric period. This is based upon the Neolithic and Bronze Age
features recorded during the 1989 excavation discussed above. If present, such
features would be of archaeological interest. Geophysical survey would inform
further on the presence of any such remains, and is proposed under ‘further survey
and mitigation, below’.
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There is also some limited potential for below-ground remains of small-scale
industry such as kilns, which may have some historic interest. Geophysical survey
would also inform further on the presence of any such remains.
The setting of historic assets Analysis has been carried out of any non-physical effects of development upon the
setting and significance of any heritage assets in its wider environs. The Grade II
Listed Engine House at Hendre (Fig. 12, LB1) was found to potentially be
susceptible to change, but assessment has clarified that its significance would not
be harmed by the proposals.
Recommendations It is recommended that detailed magnetometer geophysical survey is carried out
across the agricultural fields of the Site, to provide further information on the
potential for below-ground archaeological remains.
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9. REFERENCES
Aldhouse-Green S 2000 'The Mesolithic Period' in Lynch, F, eta/ Prehistoric Wales
Brassil K & Gibson A 1999 'A Grooved Ware pit group and Bronze Age multiple inhumation
at Hendre, Rhydymwyn, Flintshire', in Cleal, R, & MacSween, A (Eds), Grooved Ware
in Britain and Ireland, Neolithic Studies Group Seminar Papers 3, Oxford and Oakville:
Oxbow Books.
Cadw 2011 Conservation Principles, Policies and Guidance for the Sustainable
Management of the Historic Environment in Wales
Chartered Institute for Archaeologists 2017 Standard and Guidance for Historic Environment
Desk-Based Assessment
CPAT 1999 Site Visit Record PRN100228
CPAT 2000 Prehistoric Funerary & Ritual Sites: Flintshire and Wrexham, Clwyd Powys
Archaeological Trust Project Report no 351
CPAT 2008 Hendre Quarry, Rhydymwyn, Mold, Flintshire Archaeological Assessment for an
Application for the Determination of New Conditions, Clwyd Powys Archaeological
Trust Report no 930
CA 2019 Hendre Quarry, Fintshire: Written Scheme of Investigation for a Heritage Desk-
Based Assessment, Cotswold Archaeology Report no CR0167_1
Davies E 1949 Prehistoric and Roman Remains of Flintshire
Hallam HE (ed.) 1988 The Agrarian History of England and Wales Vol. II 1042-1350,
Cambridge University Press
Havard T, Darvill T and Alexander M 2016 A Bronze Age Round Barrow Cemetery, Pit
Alignments, Iron Age Burials, Iron Age Copper Working and Later Activity at Four
Crosses, Llandysilio, Powys in Archaeological Journal, DOI
Lewis S 1933 A Topographical Dictionary of Wales, Lewis and Co
Lynch F 2000 'The Earlier Neolithic' in Lynch, F eta / Prehistoric Wales
Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government 2019 National Planning Policy
Framework (NPPF)
Owen HW and Gruffydd KL 2017 Place-names of Flintshire, University of Wales Press
Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 Act of UK Parliament
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Hendre Quarry, Flintshire: Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment © Cotswold Archaeology
Strahan A 1890 Memoirs of the Geological Survey: The Geology of the Neighbourhoods of
Flint, Mold, and Ruthin, London: HMSO.
The Royal Commission on Ancient and Historical Monuments in Wales 1981 An Inventory of
the Ancient Monuments in Glamorgan, Vol. IV: Domestic Archjitecture from the
Reformation to the Industrial Revolution, Part I: The Great Houses, Cardiff: Her
Majesty’s Stationery Office
Watson S 2015 Hendre Quarry Western Extension: Watching Brief
Welsh Archaeological Trusts 2018 Guidance for the Submission of Data to the Welsh
Historic Environment Records (HERs)
Welsh Government 2017a Technical Advice Note 24: The Historic Environment (TAN24)
Welsh Government 2017b Setting of Historic Assets in Wales
Welsh Government 2018 Planning Policy Wales Edition 10
Cartographic sources (viewed at Flintshire Record Office, The Genealogist and Landmark) 1839 Tithe Map for the Parish of Halkyn
1886 1st Edition Ordnance Survey Map
1919 Ordnance Survey Map
1921 Ordnance Survey Map
1947-1952 Ordnance Survey Map
1885 Ordnance Survey Map
1921 Ordnance Survey Map
1964 Ordnance Survey Map
1880 Ordnance Survey Map
1983 Ordnance Survey Map
1988 Ordnance Survey Map
1972-1973 Ordnance Survey Map
1993 Ordnance Survey Map
1999 Ordnance Survey Map
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Subsequent Ordnance Survey maps viewed at: http://www.envirocheck.co.uk/ and included
as Appendix 3
Documentary Sources
Flintshire Record Office, Hawarden
DIDM12001l Sale particulars of the Cilcain Hall Estate, 1874
DIDMl2601l-S North Hendre Mine documents, 1870-1900
DIDMl260/7-23 Halkyn and Hendre Lime Company documents, 1889-1950
Aerial photographs (Appendix 4) 1948 4837 RAF541_2064062
1974 7401 MAL3774 175
1985 8534 JAS5084 90
2009 Nextperspectives PGA_SJ1967_2009-04-20
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APPENDIX 1: HERITAGE STATUTE POLICY & GUIDANCE
Flintshire County Council Unitary Development Plan 2000-2015 Policies:
• HE1 development affecting Conservation Areas
• HE2 Development affecting listed buildings and their settings
• HE3 Demolition in Conservation Areas
• HE4 Buildings of local interest
• HE5 Protection of Registered Landscapes, Parks and Gardens of Special
Historic Interest
• HE6 Scheduled Ancient Monuments and other nationally important
archaeological sites
• HE7 Other sites of lesser archaeological significance
• HE8 Recording of historic permitted features
http://www.cartogold.co.uk/flintshire/text/english/09.htm The Hedgerow Regulations The 1997 Hedgerow Regulations were made under section 97 of the Environment Act 1995,
and introduced arrangements for Local Planning Authorities to protect ‘important’ hedgerows
in the countryside, by controlling their removal through a system of notification. The DEFRA
publication ‘The Hedgerows Regulations 1997: A Guide to the Law and Good Practice’ is a
useful guide in this respect. The Regulations provide criteria for assessing whether a
hedgerow is ‘important’ for the purposes of the Regulations. To qualify as ‘important’ a
hedgerow must have existed for 30 years or more, and all of the hedges within the site pass
this initial test.
Following this, hedges must fulfil at least one of the criteria in the Schedule 1 criteria. Those
for ‘archaeology and history’ comprise Part II, namely:
1. Marking the boundary of a historic parish;
2. The hedgerow incorporates an archaeological feature recorded on historic
environment record (HER);
3. The hedgerow is situated within a site or on land adjacent to a site on the Historic
Environment Record (HER; which replaced the SMR);
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4. The hedgerow marks early estate boundaries, or related;
5. The hedgerow is recorded in a document held at the relevant date at a Record Office
as an integral part of a field system pre-dating the Enclosure Acts. This criterion is the
subject of debate and differing interpretation. Some heritage professionals interpret the
criterion referring to the individual Enclosure Act for the parish in which a site is
located, and numerous Acts were made in the 18th century (including the 1773
Enclosure Act). However, the criterion references the Short Titles Act of 1896, and it is
commonly interpreted by LPAs and heritage professionals that it thus refers to the
Enclosure Act of 1845, and subsequent Acts up to the Commonable Rights
Compensation Act of 1882. This is pertinent, as it sets a date of 1845 as a benchmark
test.
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APPENDIX 2: GAZETTEER OF SELECTED RECORDED HERITAGE ASSETS
CA Ref. Description Grade/Period NGR
Cadw ref. HER ref.
1 Large mound in field called Cae'r Orsedd originally thought to be a round barrow
Bronze Age SJ19426838 100231
2 An area of Bronze Age occupation Bronze Age SJ1898268192 128734
3 A possible barrow, much spread by ploughing. Bronze Age SJ18316851 100228
4 Ciliam Hall, medieval hall house. Medieval SJ1860168308 99001
5 Medieval strip field system Medieval SJ1849669099 99207
6 Plas Wilkin strip fields Medieval SJ1940867041 99143
7 Hen Blas quillet Medieval SJ2027767092 99227
8 Medieval strip fields Medieval SJ1943666846 99185
9 Ffynnon Leinw (well) Medieval SJ18636767 32315
10 Hendre, shaft II Post-Medieval SJ1909068300 128627
11 Hendre, North Lead/Silver Post-Medieval SJ19306820 18099
12 Hendre, shaft I Post-Medieval SJ1959068210 128626
13 Hendre Quarry Limekiln Post-Medieval SJ19376804 103412
14 Hendre Figillt Post-Medieval SJ1940567934 128625
15 Hendre Figallt Lead (19th century) Workings Post-Medieval SJ19506790 18098
16 Terraced trackway. Now abandoned Post-Medieval SJ1964068050 128629
17 Hendre-figillt, old shaft (lead) Post-Medieval SJ1928067902 126639
18 Coed Fron Drain, old shaft (lead) Post-Medieval SJ1878268031 126670
19 Bryn Charlotte well Post-Medieval SJ1881167909 99208
20 Fron Farm Limekiln Post-Medieval SJ18786860 103414
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CA Ref. Description Grade/Period NGR
Cadw ref. HER ref.
21 Efail Percy Smithy Post-Medieval SJ18836770 103421
22 Tyddyn-y-Barcud Lead (19th century) Workings Post-Medieval SJ18806760 18248
23 Taylor's Engine House Post-Medieval SJ2020268102 99002
24 Wern-y-Gaer/Nantfigallt Post-Medieval SJ20506850 18224
25 Hendre Quarry Engine House Post-Medieval SJ1983167783 103373
26 Hendre Limeworks Post-Medieval SJ1973367790 98998
27 Hendre, old shaft (lead) Post-Medieval SJ1953867730 126671
28 Felin Newydd (Mill building) Post-Medieval SJ19346764 103413
29 Glan-yr-afon, limekiln Post-Medieval SJ1954067612 126675
30 Glan-yr-afon, limekilns Post-Medieval SJ1953667594 126674
31 Glan-yr-afon, quarry building I Post-Medieval SJ1949767569 126676
32 Glan-yr-afon, quarry building II Post-Medieval SJ1949667530 126677
33 Hendre Limekiln Post-Medieval SJ195675 104072
34 Coed Du Mound Post-Medieval SJ1945967335 99142
35 Garreg-boeth, old shaft VIII (lead) Post-Medieval SJ1920467340 126919
36 Garreg-boeth, old shaft VI (lead) Post-Medieval SJ1911967325 126916
37 Garreg-boeth, old shaft VII (lead) Post-Medieval SJ1911467312 126918
38 Garreg-boeth, old shaft V (lead) Post-Medieval SJ1908967308 126915
39 Felin Newydd Mill Leet Post-Medieval SJ1926567619 98997
40 Felin Newydd, shaft III Post-Medieval SJ1918867577 126668
41 Felin Newydd, horse whim Post-Medieval SJ1909167553 126669
42 Felin Newydd, shaft I Post-Medieval SJ1908467553 126667
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CA Ref. Description Grade/Period NGR
Cadw ref. HER ref.
43 Felin Newydd, shaft II Post-Medieval SJ1906467546 126666
44 Garreg-boeth, old shaft IV (lead) Post-Medieval SJ1903967289 126914
45 Garreg-boeth, old shaft III (lead) Post-Medieval SJ1901367263 126913
46 Garreg-Boeth lead mine Post-Medieval SJ19006720 18247
47 Lead/Silver (1864-1877) Working Post-Medieval SJ18606930 18191
48a and b Lead (1889-1893) Workings Post-Medieval SJ18706910 18102
49 Lead (19th century) Workings Post-Medieval SJ18856885 103424
50 Saw pit seen on 1840 Tithe Schedule. No visible remains Post-Medieval SJ18808687
91 98995
51 Cilcain Hall Kiln Post-Medieval SJ18566854 104103
52 Cilcen Hall Lead (1867-1871) Workings Post-Medieval SJ18606850 18043
53 Bryngwiog Mine; Nantygo Mine Lead/Silver/Zinc (Early 19th century-1907) Post-Medieval SJ19346923 103375
54 Plas Winter Mine Chimney Post-Medieval SJ19956915 23368
55 Llety'r Eos Farm Limekiln Post-Medieval SJ19956903 103410
56 Lead/ Silver (Early 19th century-1987) Workings. Hendre Mines Post-Medieval SJ20206780 18096
57 Halkyn, South/ Halkyn, Rhydymwyn Post-Medieval SJ20306780 18094
Designated Heritage Assets
LB1 Engine House at Hendre
Post-Medieval Grade II Listed
SJ1983167783 525
LB2 Lygan Uchaf Post-Medieval Grade II Listed
320178, 368227 26206
LB3 Plas Winter Post-Medieval Grade II Listed
319837, 369318 282
LB4 Ffynnon Lein Post-Medieval Grade II Listed
318600, 367700 297
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APPENDIX 3: HISTORIC ORDNANCE SURVEY MAPPING
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APPENDIX 4: AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS
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APPENDIX 5: WRITTEN SCHEME OF INVESTIGATION
Hendre Quarry,
Flintshire
Written Scheme of investigation for a Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment
CA Project: CR0167
CA Report: CR0167_1
October 2019
Hendre Quarry,
Flintshire
Written Scheme of investigation for a Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment
CA Project: CR0167
CA Report: CR0167_1
prepared by Claudia Jorge, Heritage Consultant
date October 2019
checked by Richard Morton, Principal Heritage Consultant
date
October 2019
approved by
Joanne Robinson, Heritage Consultant
signed
date October 2019
issue 1
This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third
party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission.
Cirencester Building 11 Kemble Enterprise Park Cirencester Gloucestershire GL7 6BQ t. 01285 771022 f. 01285 771033
Milton Keynes Unit 8 – The IO Centre Fingle Drive Stonebridge Milton Keynes Buckinghamshire MK13 0AT t. 01908 564660
Andover Stanley House Walworth Road Andover Hampshire SP10 5LH t. 01264 347630
Exeter Unit 1 – Clyst Units Cofton Road Marsh Barton Exeter EX2 8QW t. 01392 573970
Suffolk Unit 5, Plot 11 Maitland Road Lion Barn Industrial Estate Needham Market Suffolk IP6 8NZ t. 01449 900120
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Hendre Quarry, Flintshire: WSI for a Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment © Cotswold Archaeology
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 2
2. BACKGROUND........................................................................................................ 2
3. OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................................... 4
4. METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................................... 4
5. STAFF AND TIMETABLE ......................................................................................... 7
6. ANALYSIS AND REPORTING ................................................................................. 8
7. HEALTH AND SAFETY ............................................................................................ 9
8. INSURANCES .......................................................................................................... 9
9. QUALITY ASSURANCE ........................................................................................... 9
10. REFERENCES ......................................................................................................... 10
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1. INTRODUCTION
This Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) was prepared in October 2019 by 1.1.
Cotswold Archaeology, a Registered Organisation with the Chartered Institute for
Archaeologists. It sets out a scope and methodology for a Historic Environment
Desk-Based Assessment of land at Hendre Quarry, Hendre, Flintshire. The
assessment has been commissioned by SLR Planning on behalf of Tarmac.
This WSI has been guided in its composition by the ‘Standard and Guidance for 1.2.
Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment’ (CIfA, 2017); Draft Advice, Policy
and Guidance for Wales, and the Technical Advice Note 24 - Historic Environment
(Cadw, 2017). The assessment report will be subject to the approval of the WSI by
the Planning Archaeologist of the Clwyd Powys Archaeological Trust, in order to
seek agreement on the scope and methodology of the project, prior to undertaking
the assessment. Upon completion a copy of the document will be sent to the Clwyd
Powys Archaeological Trust and the RCAHMW for deposition.
2. BACKGROUND
The Site (Fig. 1) comprises a total of c.36.5ha in area which include the Hendre 2.1.
quarry and a series of surrounding agricultural fields.
Within the 1km study area proposed for this exercise there are: 2.2.
• 11 Grade II Listed Buildings: Trellyniau Back (Cadw record no.26199); Plas
Winter (Cadw record no.282); Lygan Uchaf (Cadw record no.26206): Engine
House at Hendre (Cadw record no.525); Ffynnon Leinw (Cadw record
no.297); Plas Wilkin including attached farmyard ranges (Cadw record
no.16435); Lime Kiln (Cadw record no.16441); Brick Kiln and Stack (Cadw
record no.26205); Ore Dressing Shed (Cadw record no.26204); Boiler Stack
at Taylor’s Shaft (Cadw record no.262030; and Taylor’s Shaft Engine House
(Cadw record no.26202).
From an initial high-level review of available sources only one non-designated 2.3.
archaeological asset appears to be recorded within the proposed Site. This relates
to Hendre Farm Barrow (Cadw record no.100231) a large mound within a field
called Cae'r Orsedd originally thought to be a round barrow and excavated in 1989
which revealed several inhumations.
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Fig. 1 Site location plan
Several records of occupation pertaining to the Bronze Age period are located 2.4.
within the study area (Cadw record no.10228, 100250 and 100243) as well as a
post-medieval holy well (Cadw record no.100239).
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3. OBJECTIVES
This assessment will fully assess the known and potential historic assets within the 3.1.
site, their survival and significance. The objectives of the desk-based assessment
will be:
• to identify designated heritage constraints within the Site and study area;
• to gather information on non-designated recorded historic assets through
desk-based research, and through available archaeological survey
information;
• to assess the above baseline information, and offer an analysis of the
potential for currently unrecorded historic assets within the site;
• to assess, as far as possible, the likely depth and extent of any below-
ground archaeological deposits within the site; and
• to assess the value of the historic assets affected by the proposed
development and, where possible, the impact of the proposed development
upon the value of these assets, including the setting of designated historic
assets.
4. METHODOLOGY
Key Heritage Policy and Guidance This content, aims and method set out in this WSI have been guided by the 4.1.
following key documents:
• Planning Policy Wales (Welsh Government Edition 10, 2018);
• TAN24 (Welsh Government 2017);
• Conservation Principles (Cadw 2011);
• Standard and guidance for historic environment desk-based assessment
(CIfA 2017)
• Setting of Historic Assets in Wales (2017); and
• Research Framework for the Archaeology of Wales
• The ‘Guidance for the Submission of data to the Welsh Historic Environment
Records’ produced by the Welsh Archaeological Trusts (2018)
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Desk-Based Assessment The desk-based research and sources will be based upon the ‘Standard and 4.2.
Guidance for historic environment assessments’ produced by the Chartered
Institute for Archaeologists (CIfA 2017). Cotswold Archaeology is a Registered
Organisation with the CIfA, and the project will be managed and technically
coordinated by a Member of the Institute.
The archaeological assessment will utilise a minimum study area of 1km around the 4.3.
boundary of the proposed Site. Data will be collated from published and archive
sources of archaeological, historical, geographical, topographical and
environmental information relevant to the area of the development using the
following sources:
• The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales
(RCAHMW) for details of designated heritage assets including Scheduled
monuments, Listed buildings and Registered Parks and Gardens;
• The Clwyd Powys Archaeological Trust (CPAT) Historic Environment
Records for details of previously completed archaeological works in the
vicinity and recorded heritage assets;
• Aerial photographs curated by the Central Register of Aerial Photographs for
Wales;
• The Flintshire Archives, for documentary sources and historic mapping of
relevance to the historical development of the site and its surroundings;
• Remote sensing resources, i.e. LIDAR (provided by Natural Resources
Wales);
• Relevant national and local planning policy documentation; and
• A walkover survey of the proposed site and its environs to assess and
document any extant evidence of heritage assets, any evidence of previous
disturbance within the area of the Site and the setting of historic assets.
Value of historic assets
The value of historic assets is best defined by the Cadw guidance Conservation 4.4.
Principles (2011), which describes value as a combination of evidential value;
historical value; aesthetic value; and communal value.
Evidential value derives from those elements of an historic asset that can provide 4.5.
evidence about past human activity, including its physical remains or historic fabric.
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Historical value may derive from particular aspects of past ways of life, or 4.6.
association with notable families, persons, events or movements – it embodies the
connection between past events and society with the present.
Aesthetic value derives from the sensory and intellectual stimulation drawn from an 4.7.
historic asset. It may include its physical form, and how it lies within its setting. It
may also be the result of design, or an unplanned outcome of a process of events.
Communal value derives from the meanings that an historic asset has for the 4.8.
people who relate to it, or for whom it figures in their collective experience or
memory. It may be commemorative or symbolic, and relate to issues of identity or
collective memory.
The setting of historic assets This assessment has been undertaken in accordance with the approach outlined in 4.9.
the Welsh Government’s publication ‘Setting of Historic Assets in Wales’ (Cadw
2017). This publication provides guidance on setting and development
management, including the assessment of the implications of proposed
Development. It reiterates that ‘the setting of a heritage asset is the surroundings in
which a heritage asset is experienced. Its extent is not fixed, and may change as
the asset and its surroundings evolve. Elements of a setting may make a positive or
negative contribution to the significance of an asset, may affect the ability to
appreciate that significance or may be neutral'. In accordance with the guidance,
the extent of the setting of a heritage asset is not fixed, and can evolve periodically.
All historic assets have a setting, and features of a setting may make a positive or 4.10.
negative contribution to significance, and may affect the appreciation of the asset.
They can remain neutral. The extent and importance of setting is often expressed
by reference to visual considerations, but can also comprise other elements which
contribute to the ways in which a historic asset is experienced, including factors
such as noise, vibrations, dust or other pollutants; spatial associations; the rarity of
comparable survivals of setting, and associative relationships between historic
assets.
The methodology for the assessment of the setting of historic assets employed by 4.11.
Cotswold Archaeology has been informed by this guidance, which has been widely
adopted by local planning authorities in Wales. A stepped approach is
recommended for assessing the implications of development proposals.
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The first step is to consider the site context, and whether, from a heritage point of 4.12.
view, there are other reasonable alternatives that should be preferred for
development. In addition, this step identifies the historic assets affected, and the
aspects of their settings which would be affected by the proposed Development.
Step 2 is to assess whether, how, and to what degree, these settings make a 4.13.
positive contribution to the significance of the historic asset(s), i.e. ‘what matters
and why’. This includes a consideration of the key attributes of the historic asset
itself, and then considers:
• The physical surroundings of the asset, including its relationship with other
historic assets; and
• The way in which the asset is appreciated.
Step 3 (where appropriate) is to assess the effect of the proposed Development on 4.14.
the significance of historic assets through consideration of the key attributes of the
proposed Development in terms of its:
• Location and siting;
• Form and appearance;
• Additional effects; and
• Permanence.
Step 4 is to maximise enhancement and minimise harm, and Step 5 refers to 4.15.
making and documenting the decision and monitoring outcomes.
The settings assessment presented in this report includes consideration of Steps 1 4.16.
to 3, which are the steps normally undertaken to inform the planning process. Step
4 is carried out when it is considered necessary to specifically design or redesign a
scheme to take historic assets into account. This is not considered necessary in this
case. Step 5 is a subsequent stage, and is not applicable to this assessment.
5. STAFF AND TIMETABLE
This project will be under the management of Richard Morton, Principal Heritage 5.1.
Consultant, Cotswold Archaeology. The assessment will be undertaken, and the
subsequent report produced by a Cotswold Archaeology Heritage Consultant. The
data collation, analysis and assessment report should take approximately three
weeks to compile.
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6. ANALYSIS AND REPORTING
The information collated will initially be assembled into a workable database, cross-6.1.
referenced to the original sources. The assessment report will begin with a non-
technical summary both in English and Welsh, in accordance with Guidance for the
Submission of Data to the Welsh Historic Environment Records (WAT 2018),
outlining in plain language the principal reasons for the work, its aims and main
results. The introduction will then set out the circumstances leading to the
commission of the report, any restrictions on reporting or access to relevant
records, size, surface geology and topography of the study area. Any variation from
the methodologies set out in this project specification will be detailed and explained
within the methodology section of the report.
The known and potential heritage assets will be outlined clearly and objectively in 6.2.
relation to the methods used, organised by archaeological period or type, and with
reference to, or inclusion of, supporting evidence. Evidence of medieval and post-
medieval agricultural use of the site, and the potential for this activity to mask earlier
archaeological deposits, will be assessed. The results will be interpreted and put
into context in terms of significance. A comprehensive list of sources consulted, with
full bibliographic details, will be provided at the back of the report.
The assessment will be supported with illustrative material, including at least one 6.3.
figure showing known or potential heritage assets within or affecting the proposed
scheme. Where possible, areas of greater or lesser potential will be defined and the
effects of previous construction, industrial and other intrusive activity taken into
account. Other constraints, in particular the boundary of Scheduled Monuments, will
be plotted in relation to the current proposals.
Detailed Scope of Report Contents The report will contain the following information: 6.4.
• Non-technical summary
• Introduction
• Planning background, including aims and objectives
• Description of proposed development
• Methodology
• Site topography and geology
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Hendre Quarry, Flintshire: WSI for a Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment © Cotswold Archaeology
• Archaeological and historic background
• Cartographic background
• Aerial photographs
• Walkover survey
• Assessment of impact (physical and settings)
• Preliminary recommendations for work
• Conclusions
• References and bibliography
The report will be submitted to the Clwyd Powys Archaeological Trust for approval. 6.5.
Following approval copies of the DBA will be lodged with the Clwyd Powys
Archaeological Trust for inclusion within the HER as well as to the RCAHMW for
deposition.
7. HEALTH AND SAFETY
CA will conduct all works in accordance with the Health and Safety at Work Act 7.1.
1974 and all subsequent Health and Safety legislation, and CA Health, Safety and
Welfare Policy (2010).
8. INSURANCES
CA holds Public Liability Insurance to a limit of £10,000,000 and Professional 8.1.
Indemnity Insurance to a limit of £5,000,000. No claims have been made or are
pending against these policies in the last three years.
9. QUALITY ASSURANCE
CA is a Registered Organisation (RO) with the Institute for Archaeologists (RO Ref. 9.1.
No. 8). As a RO, CA endorses the Code of Conduct (CIfA 2010) and the Code of
Approved Practice for the Regulation of Contractual Arrangements in Field
Archaeology (CIfA 2008). All CA Project Managers and Project Officers hold either
full Member or Associate status within the CIfA.
CA operates an internal quality assurance system in the following manner. Projects 9.2.
are overseen by a Project Manager who is responsible for the quality of the project.
The Project Manager reports to the Chief Executive who bears ultimate
responsibility for the conduct of all CA operations. Matters of policy and corporate
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strategy are determined by the Board of Directors, and in cases of dispute recourse
may be made to the Chairman of the Board.
10. REFERENCES
Cadw 2011 Conservation Principles, Policies and Guidance for the Sustainable
Management of the Historic Environment in Wales
Chartered Institute for Archaeologists 2017 Standard and Guidance for Historic
Environment Desk-Based Assessment.
Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government, 2019 National
Planning Policy Framework (NPPF).
Welsh Archaeological Trusts 2018 Guidance for the Submission of Data to the
Welsh Historic Environment Records (HERs)
Welsh Government 2018 Planning Policy Wales Edition 10
Welsh Government 2017 Technical Advice Note 24: The Historic Environment
(TAN24)
Welsh Government 2017 Setting of Historic Assets in Wales
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Kemble Airfield, Kemble, Gloucestershire, Heritage DBA
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APPENDIX 6: GAZETEER OF HERITAGE ASSETS WITHIN A 3KM STUDY AREA Assets in order from north to south.
Description Grade/Period Cadw ref. HER ref.
Round Barrow 180m east of Mwccwd Scheduled Monument FL040
Hen-y-Fail Round Barrow Scheduled Monument FL168
Moel y Gaer Camp Scheduled Monument FL011
Round Barrow 450m east of Penbedw Hall Scheduled Monument FL134
Penbedw Park Stone Circle & Standing Stone Scheduled Monument FL008
Ministry of Supply Valley Site Scheduled Monument FL210
Plas Winter II 282 Ffynnon Leinw II 297 Ty Isa II 299
Church of St Michael and All Angels II*
308
Walgoch II* 311 Plas-yn-rhos II 325 Coedybrain II 345 Garneddwen Fawr II 346 Engine House at Hendre II 525 Church of St Mary I 542 Beehive Pigsty at Peacock Farm II 553
Telephone Call-box at entrance to Cross Foxes public house II
577
Bryn Alyn House II 590 Coed Du Hospital II 4851 Milestone II 7503
Former Cartshed and Byre at Pen-y-Cefn Farm II
7575
Hesp Alyn II 7576 Bath House II 7578 Barn at Cefn Isa II 13387 Pen-y-Cefn II 14817 Ffagnallt II 14888 Llyn-y-Pandy Calvinistic Methodist Chapel (including attached chapel house, forecourt walls & gate
II
16129
Pen-y-Fron Baptist Chapel (including burial ground walls). II 16133 Bryn-Gwyn (including front Garden walls and stone outbuildings II 16134 Plas Wilkin (Including attached farmyard ranges) II 16435 Lime Kiln at Pen-y-Gelli Farm II 16439 Church of St John II* 16440 Lime Kiln II 16441 Lime Kiln at Tre-Lan II 16442 Halkyn Castle and attached Stable Block II* 17792 Hawthorn Cottage II 20279 Hen Rake, including attached Garden and Yard Walls II 24117 Trellyniau Fawr II 24538 Barn with attached stable and pigsties at Garneddwen Fawr II 24664 Bakehouse at Garneddwen Fawr II 24665 Rhewl II 24670
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Gate piers at original entrance to Coedybrain II 24677 Waen Farm II 24685 Ysgol Rhos Helyg II 25848 Lime Kilns II 26149 Halkyn Library Hall II 26150 Hillside II 26151 Former Shippon at Rosemount II 26152 Rosemount II 26153 Lygan y Llan Farmhouse including Forecourt Walls and Railings II 26154 Old Church School II 26156 Lych Gate with attached II 26157 Churchyard Walls at the Church of St Mary II 26162 Black Lion Farm II 26163 Stable at Black Lion Farm II 26164 Tir y Coed II 26165 The Old Vicarage II 26187 Shifna-hyr Farmhouse II 26188 Cart House, Granary and Pigeon II 26189 Loft at Shifna-hyr Farm II 26190 Stable and Shippon at Shifna-hyr Farm II 26191 Caerfallwch II 26193 Bryn Glas Smithy II 26195 Stable and Granary at Trellyniau Fawr II 26196 Christ Church II 26197 Church of St Paul II 26198 The Old Hall II 26199 Folly W of The Old Hall II 26200 Trellyniau Bach II 26201 Gate Piers and attached Walls at entrance to Halkyn Castle II 26202 Top Lodge II 26203 Taylor's Shaft Engine House II 26204 Boiler Stack at Taylor's Shaft II 26205 Ore Dressing Shed II 26206 Brick Kiln and Stack II 26207 Lygan Uchaf II 26214 Rhosesmor war memorial II 26216 Bryn Idris II 26217 2 Halkyn Old Hall II 26218 The Stores House II 26220 Isfryn II 26905 Lime Kiln II 26906 Tyn-Llan II 26907 1 Tai Cochion II 26908 2 Tai Cochion II 26909 The Old Rectory II 26910 Rectory Cottage II 26911 Former stable at The Old II 26912 Rectory II 26913 Coach House at Rectory Cottage II 26914 Nannerch Hall II 26915 Lime kiln S of Bwlch House II 26916 Mold Lodge II 26920 Gelli Bach II 26924 Cow house at Gelli Bach II 26925 Cow House at Walgoch Farm II 26926 Stable in park at Penbedw II 82707 Nannerch war memorial II 87560 Gate piers, gate and flanking walls at Mold Lodge II 87561 Lane Cottage II 87562 Pyro Building P4 (Carillion Building 59) at Rhydymwyn Valley Site II 87563
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Kemble Airfield, Kemble, Gloucestershire, Heritage DBA