Head and Face
Anatomy
Eyes Ears Nose Jaw Mouth Brain
“Black eye”
Laceration
Eyes Conjunctivitis: “Pink eye”
Eyes
Hyphema Pooling of blood in the eye
Ears
Auricular hematoma Otitis externa
Auricular hematoma
“Cauliflower ear” For cauliflower ear to form, the ear
has to be struck hard enough for a blood clot to develop.
Treatments
Treatments
Treatments
Otitis externa
“Swimmer’s ear” Too much moisture in the ear can
irritate and break down the skin in the canal, allowing bacteria or fungi inside.
How to keep this from occurring?
Nose
Deviated septum Epistaxis
Deviated septum “Broken nose” Caused from a
direct blow.
Epistaxis “Nosebleed” Can be caused by a direct blow or weak
blood vessels.
Treatment
Jaw Broken jaw Again, from a
direct blow.
Mouth
Lips Teeth
Lips
Lacerated lip “Fat lip” Braces in lip
Teeth Broken teeth
Brain
Concussion
Concussion
Loss or impairment of neurological function of the brain
A player does not need to lose consciousness to have a concussion
Symptoms are now classified as mild, moderate or severe
Concussion
Classifications of concussions
http://cpancf.com/headinjuryclassification.asp
Mild concussion symptoms
Grade 1: You did not lose consciousness (were not "knocked out"). You may have been dazed or confused for a short time after the injury. Normal thinking and behavior returns within 20 minutes of the injury.
Moderate Concussion symptoms
Grade 2: You did not lose consciousness, but you did not think clearly for more than 20 minutes after the injury. Also, you may not remember what happened.
Severe Concussion symptoms
Grade 3: You lost consciousness for a short time. Also, you may not remember what happened.
What are the signs and symptoms of a concussion? Mild to moderate headache.
Dizziness or loss of balance.
Nausea (feeling sick) or vomiting (throwing up).
Change in mood (such as restlessness or irritability).
Trouble thinking, remembering things, or concentrating (giving full attention to one thing for a period of time).
Ringing in the ears. (tinnitis)
Drowsiness or decreased amount of energy.
Change in normal sleeping pattern (you may sleep more than usual or cannot sleep).
Evaluation of Concussion
History Observation Palpation Stress Tests
IHSA concussion protocol
http://www.ihsa.org/documents/sportsMedicine/IHSA_Protocols_for_NFHS_Concussion_Playing_Rule.pdf
History
Where does it hurt? Do you remember what happened? Nausea? Tinnitis?
Observation Watch how they move. Deformity Breathing PEARL- pupils equal and reactive to light Nystagmus- “dancing eye” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oUlUVWQx7zI&feature=related
Blurred or double vision? Memory- counting backwards, remember
three words
Palpation
For signs of deformity Unusually low pulse
Stress Tests
Rhomberg test http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4hOSkmDYAR4
Coordination tests
Concussion checklist
http://www.cdc.gov/concussion/pdf/TBI_schools_checklist_508-a.pdf
After concusion #10