IEEE-ICC Fall 2007 meetin Scottsdale - L. von Laue(Nexans) : Halogen Free Cables for Nuclear Power Plants1
Lukas VON LAUE
Technical contact:
Lukas von Laue
Nexans France
41 rue Maurice Gorse
F-18100 Mehun-sur-Yèvre
France [email protected]
Halogen Free Cables for Nuclear Power Plants
Commercial contact:
Tristan Cerosky
Nexans France
4-10 rue Mozart
F 92587 Clichy France
IEEE/ICC Fall 2007 meeting Scottsdale (Arizona)
Educational Session
IEEE-ICC Fall 2007 meetin Scottsdale - L. von Laue(Nexans) : Halogen Free Cables for Nuclear Power Plants2
Abstract
Halogen free or FRNC (Fire Retardant Non Corrosive) NPP qualified cables according to Canadian, US and international specifications have been successfully used since many years in NPPs, mainly in Asia and Europe.
In case of fire, the major advantages of FRNC cables over halogen containing cables are to avoid the corrosive and toxic hydrochloric acid and dense black smoke. This allows easier fire
fighting (visibility, toxicity) and limits corrosion damage on metallic material in the vicinity of the fire.
Experience and technical properties with this proven and well established technology shall be reported, regarding the full cable range of NPP cables (power (LV&MV), control, instrument and others).
IEEE-ICC Fall 2007 meetin Scottsdale - L. von Laue(Nexans) : Halogen Free Cables for Nuclear Power Plants3
Outline
Introduction
Nexans NPP cable experience with
Halogen Free (FRNC) cables
Review FRNC NPP cable properties
Fire properties
General properties
Nuclear typical properties:Lifetime, Radiation, Loca resistance
Nexans Nuclear CableQualifications
Conclusion
IEEE-ICC Fall 2007 meetin Scottsdale - L. von Laue(Nexans) : Halogen Free Cables for Nuclear Power Plants4
Advantages in case of fire ?
1) Not fire propagating
2) Low Smoke
3) Low Toxicity
4) Low Corrosivity
These cables are different. Difficult to use ?
Properties ?
Experience feedback ?
Introduction –
Questions to answer
FRNC means Fire Retardant Non Corrosive
Synonyms :
HFFR (Halogen Free Fire Retardant)
ZH (Zero Halogene)
Why Halogen Free cables ?
IEEE-ICC Fall 2007 meetin Scottsdale - L. von Laue(Nexans) : Halogen Free Cables for Nuclear Power Plants5
Daya Bay (left) and Ling Ao 1+2 (behind) close to Hong Kong, China, Areva PWR Nexans FRNC cables 1991-1993 (DB) and 1999-2001(LA)
IEEE-ICC Fall 2007 meetin Scottsdale - L. von Laue(Nexans) : Halogen Free Cables for Nuclear Power Plants6
Chooz, North East of France, Areva PWR - Nexans FRNC cables 1995
IEEE-ICC Fall 2007 meetin Scottsdale - L. von Laue(Nexans) : Halogen Free Cables for Nuclear Power Plants7
Qinshan III, next to Shanghai, China, Candu from AECL (CAN),
FRNC cables from Nexans 1999 - 2002
IEEE-ICC Fall 2007 meetin Scottsdale - L. von Laue(Nexans) : Halogen Free Cables for Nuclear Power Plants8
TIANWAN 1 & 2, North
of Shanghai, China,
VVER from Russia
K2, K1 and K0 FRNC cables from Nexans 2002-
2005
K3 FRNC
cables from Chinese supplier
IEEE-ICC Fall 2007 meetin Scottsdale - L. von Laue(Nexans) : Halogen Free Cables for Nuclear Power Plants9
Lungmen 1&2, Taiwan, BWR from GE (USA)
FRNC Power and control cables from Nexans 2004-
2006
IEEE-ICC Fall 2007 meetin Scottsdale - L. von Laue(Nexans) : Halogen Free Cables for Nuclear Power Plants10
Cernavoda 2, Romania Candu from AECL (CAN)
FRNC cables from Nexans 2003 - 2006
IEEE-ICC Fall 2007 meetin Scottsdale - L. von Laue(Nexans) : Halogen Free Cables for Nuclear Power Plants11
Ling Ao 3+4 China, Areva copy PWR
FRNC K1cables and K3 power cables from Nexans 2007 - 2009
Other FRNC K3 and NC cables from Chinese suppliers
IEEE-ICC Fall 2007 meetin Scottsdale - L. von Laue(Nexans) : Halogen Free Cables for Nuclear Power Plants12
Oulkiluoto 3, Finland, EPR Areva
FRNC cables specified
IEEE-ICC Fall 2007 meetin Scottsdale - L. von Laue(Nexans) : Halogen Free Cables for Nuclear Power Plants13
Flammenville 3, Normandie, France, EPR Areva
FRNC specified
IEEE-ICC Fall 2007 meetin Scottsdale - L. von Laue(Nexans) : Halogen Free Cables for Nuclear Power Plants14
Sanmen 1+2, South of Shanghai, China Westinghouse AP1000
Hongyanhe 1-6, North of China, PWR Areva copy
FRNC cables specified
IEEE-ICC Fall 2007 meetin Scottsdale - L. von Laue(Nexans) : Halogen Free Cables for Nuclear Power Plants15
Yiangjiang, South of China, probably Areva type
IEEE-ICC Fall 2007 meetin Scottsdale - L. von Laue(Nexans) : Halogen Free Cables for Nuclear Power Plants16
Nexans supplied NPP cables since
1975 Halogen Free / FRNC since 1991
France : latest NPP with FRNC, before halogenated
Russia : Kalinine in 1995 and 2003
Czech Republic : Temelin & Dukovany
Ukraine : Khmelnitsky, Zaporozhe & South-Ukraine
Slovaquia : Bohunice
Bulgaria : Kozloduy
Romania : Cernavoda 1 and 2 (Candu)
China : Daya Bay 1+2 and Ling Ao 1+2, Tianwan 1+2,Qinshan III (Candu), Qinshan II 3+4, Ling Ao 3+4
Taiwan : Lungmen (GE-BWR)
IEEE-ICC Fall 2007 meetin Scottsdale - L. von Laue(Nexans) : Halogen Free Cables for Nuclear Power Plants17
Fire properties of FRNC cables
IEEE-ICC Fall 2007 meetin Scottsdale - L. von Laue(Nexans) : Halogen Free Cables for Nuclear Power Plants18
Fire
Properties
: 1) Non propatation of fire
IEC 60332-3
Test on bunched cablesHigh performances of Halogen Free and Fire Retardant Cables Temperature: approx. 800 °C Cat A: 7l/m of burning material Cat
B: 3.5l/m
Cat
C: 1.5l/m
Test durationCat A: 40 mn Cat B: 40 mnCat C: 20 mnResults: no burning over 2.5m height from the burner.
IEEE-ICC Fall 2007 meetin Scottsdale - L. von Laue(Nexans) : Halogen Free Cables for Nuclear Power Plants19
What is this?What is this?
Footprints after the airport fire Footprints after the airport fire in Din Düüsseldorf 1996sseldorf 1996
Smoke and combustion gases go everywhere⇒ Bad visibility for evacuation and fire fighting⇒ Dirt and acid deposition everywhere
⇒ metal corrosion everywhere
IEEE-ICC Fall 2007 meetin Scottsdale - L. von Laue(Nexans) : Halogen Free Cables for Nuclear Power Plants20
Underground fire Korea 2/2003 Cable with bad smoke performance
Fire Properties
: 2) Smoke
IEEE-ICC Fall 2007 meetin Scottsdale - L. von Laue(Nexans) : Halogen Free Cables for Nuclear Power Plants21
Smoke Emission ASTM E662 / NES 711
Famous NBS chamber :
Smoke density measured on compound plates
With or without flame
Dm and VOF4 values
Very low smoke thanks to Halogen Free material
IEEE-ICC Fall 2007 meetin Scottsdale - L. von Laue(Nexans) : Halogen Free Cables for Nuclear Power Plants22
Smoke Emission
IEC 61034-1 / IEC 61034-2
Cable burnt in 3m x 3m x 3m chamber
Measurement of light transmittance
Smoke opacity very low thanks to Halogen Free material
Low smoke = easier evacuation
and easier fire fighting
IEEE-ICC Fall 2007 meetin Scottsdale - L. von Laue(Nexans) : Halogen Free Cables for Nuclear Power Plants23
Fire Properties
:
3) Toxicity
Toxicity ponderation IEC 60684-2 and NES 713(scaled for CO = 1)
0,04
1,00
5,33
5,33
8,00
8,00
10,00
10,00
16,00
16,00
26,67
26,67
40,00
160,00
0,01 0,1 1 10 100 1000
Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Hydrogen sulphide
Ammonia
Formaldehyde
Hydrogen chloride
Acrylonitrile
Sulphur dioxide
Nitrogen oxides
Phenol
Hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen bromide
Hydrogen fluoride
Phosgene
Comparison of 30 min. lethaldoses for men in ppm
Inverse of dose = pondera-tion factor for toxicity index
We see:
HCl
gas is 8 times as toxic as CO.
HF gas is 40 times as toxic as CO.
For clean fire conditions, halogens, sulfur and nitrogen containing material should be avoided.
⇒
Nexans FRNC material has very low toxicity index
IEEE-ICC Fall 2007 meetin Scottsdale - L. von Laue(Nexans) : Halogen Free Cables for Nuclear Power Plants24
Gases
& Smoke Toxicity NFX 70100
NES 713
IEC 60684-2
quantitative analysis of different toxic combustion gases produced by the material
Ponderated addition (according to toxicity) of these quantities
⇒ Toxicity index
Fire Properties
: 3) Toxicity
IEEE-ICC Fall 2007 meetin Scottsdale - L. von Laue(Nexans) : Halogen Free Cables for Nuclear Power Plants25
Halogen free cable in fire means:No HCl gas production
Avoid hydrochloric acid formation
Avoid corrosion on metallic equipment(metallic structures, conducts and pipes,engines, electronics, … )
Fire Properties
: 4) Corrosivity
IEEE-ICC Fall 2007 meetin Scottsdale - L. von Laue(Nexans) : Halogen Free Cables for Nuclear Power Plants26
Corrosivity of combustion gas
IEC 60754 -1 &
IEC 60754 -2
Material combustion in oven
Combustion gases trapped in water
Measurement ofacid quantity,pH and Conductivity
FRNC cables : HCl acid gases < 0,5%pH > 4,3conductivity < 10μS/mm
Fire Properties
: 4) Corrosivity
(Reminder : 1 kG
of PVC burnt produces about 2 liter of Hydrochloric Acid of “Xi”
concentration)
IEEE-ICC Fall 2007 meetin Scottsdale - L. von Laue(Nexans) : Halogen Free Cables for Nuclear Power Plants27
He says it is only a cabling problem
IEEE-ICC Fall 2007 meetin Scottsdale - L. von Laue(Nexans) : Halogen Free Cables for Nuclear Power Plants28
Low
Voltage Cables Examples
of cable
constructions and
Standards references
Low
Voltage1. ConductorIEC 60228ASTME B3, B8
3. Halogen
Free Low
Voltage InsulationIEC 60502 -
1 types EPR & HEPRIEC 60502 -
1 types XLPEIEC 60092-351 type HF EPRIECA S-68-516 type EPR
6. Fire
retardant Halogen
FreeInner
Sheath
7. Fire
Retardant Halogen
Free Outer
Sheath:IEC 60092-359 type SHF1IEC 60502 -
1 types ST8ICEA T-33-655 types thermoset
I & IICSA 22.2 n°38BTS 74 C 068
7 6 3 1
General
properties
IEEE-ICC Fall 2007 meetin Scottsdale - L. von Laue(Nexans) : Halogen Free Cables for Nuclear Power Plants29
Medium
Voltage Cables Examples
of cable
constructions and
Standards
references
Medium
Voltage
1. ConductorIEC 60228ASTME B3, B8
2. Halogen
Free Medium
Voltage InsulationIEC 60502 -
2 types EPR & HEPRIEC 60092-351 type HF EPRICEA S-68-516 type EPRICEA S-94-649 / AEIC CS 6/8
4. Medium
Voltage semi conducting
&metallic
screensIEC 60502 ICEA S-94-649 / AEIC CS 6/8
6. Fire
retardant Halogen
Free Inner
Sheath
7. Fire
Retardant Halogen
Free Outer
Sheath:IEC 60092-359 type SHF1IEC 60502 -
1 types ST8ICEA T-33-65 types thermoset
I & IICSA 22.2 n°38BTS 74 C 068
12467
General
properties
IEEE-ICC Fall 2007 meetin Scottsdale - L. von Laue(Nexans) : Halogen Free Cables for Nuclear Power Plants30
Control & Instrumentation Cables: Examples
of cable
constructions and
Standards references
Control & Instrumentation1. ConductorIEC 60228ASTME B3, B8
3. Halogen
Free Low
Voltage InsulationIEC 60502 -
1 types EPR & HEPRIEC 60502 -
1 types XLPEIEC 60092-351 type HF EPRIECA S-68-516 type EPR
5. Instrumentation cable
Screen
6. Fire
retardant Halogen
Free Inner Sheath
7. Fire
Retardant Halogen
Free Outer
Sheath:IEC 60092-359 type SHF1IEC 60502 -
1 types ST8ICEA T-33-65 types thermoset
I & IICSA 22.2 n°38BTS 74 C 068
7 5 3 165
General properties
IEEE-ICC Fall 2007 meetin Scottsdale - L. von Laue(Nexans) : Halogen Free Cables for Nuclear Power Plants31
NPP Cables Qualifications
General Performances according to: International and/or National standardsIECNF, BS, CSA, ASTM, ICEA, etc…BTS from EDF (Electricité de France)
Specific Nuclear Performances according to: IEEE 323 (NPP Electric Equipments)IEEE 383 (NPP Electric Cables)BTS and RCC-E EDF(Electricité de France)
+ specific engineering requirements
IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (USA)IEEE 323 and 383: Nuclear Power Engineering Committee of IEEEBTS : Book of Technical SpecificationsRCC-E : Construction and conception rules for electrical material in nuclear islands
IEEE-ICC Fall 2007 meetin Scottsdale - L. von Laue(Nexans) : Halogen Free Cables for Nuclear Power Plants32
- To simulate the cables qualified life- Arrhenius methodologyThermal Aging1
- To simulate the cables qualified life normal and accident irradiationRadiation Aging2
- To simulate the most severe postulated conditions of a design basis event and specified conditions of installation
Test design Basis event3
The type testing for design basis event conditions shall involve both aged and non aged samples
2 scenariis because the design basis eventmay occur at any time
+ +
+
1 2 3
2 3
IEEE Standard 383 for Type Test of Class 1E Electric cables
Nuclear typical properties
IEEE-ICC Fall 2007 meetin Scottsdale - L. von Laue(Nexans) : Halogen Free Cables for Nuclear Power Plants33
Specification Thermal AgingSimulation
RadiationExposure
Extreme accidentSimulation
conditions
1992 EDF135°C - 950 hours
850 kGy
(85 MRads)156°C - 560 kPa
1997 –
1998Temelin
135°C - 336 hours
(40 years at 60°C)
387 kGy
(38,7 MRads)150°C - 467 kPa
1999 Qinshanphase 3
140°C - 798 hours
(40 years at 90°C)
1025 kGy
(102,5 MRads)155°C - 440 kPa
2000 Huber& Suhner 137°C - 336 hours
2000 kGy
(200 MRads)171°C - 650 kPa
NPP cable Qualification Examples (1)
IEEE-ICC Fall 2007 meetin Scottsdale - L. von Laue(Nexans) : Halogen Free Cables for Nuclear Power Plants34
Specification Thermal AgingSimulation
RadiationExposure
Extreme accidentSimulation
conditions
2001 –
2003 Tianwan K0140°C - 775 hours
(40 years at 90°C)
1000 kGy
(100 MRads)250°C - 700 kPa
2003 –
2004 Cernavoda (40 years at 90°C)1000 kGy
(100 MRads)150°C - 140 kPa
2003 –
2004 Lungmen (40 years at 90°C)2000 kGy
(200 MRads)171°C - 310 kPa
2004 –
2007 EDF 135°C – 240 hours(60 years)
850 kGy 156°C - 560 kPa
NPP cable Qualification Examples (2)
IEEE-ICC Fall 2007 meetin Scottsdale - L. von Laue(Nexans) : Halogen Free Cables for Nuclear Power Plants35
To simulate the cables qualified
life.
Arrhenius methodology
According
to:
• ANSI/IEEE 101
• IEC 60216
1) Thermal Aging
Nuclear typical properties
IEEE-ICC Fall 2007 meetin Scottsdale - L. von Laue(Nexans) : Halogen Free Cables for Nuclear Power Plants36
Arrhenius ageing
test NPP sheath material
sheating compound at 180°C - 165°C - 150°C - 135°C
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
1 10 100 1000 10000
time (hours)
elon
gatio
n at
bre
ak [%
]
IEEE-ICC Fall 2007 meetin Scottsdale - L. von Laue(Nexans) : Halogen Free Cables for Nuclear Power Plants37
Arrhenius ageing test NPP sheath material
Experimental :• Measured quantity : elongation at break according to IEC60811 -1-1• Ageing conditions : hot ai r oven according to IEC60811 -1-2• Endpoint criteria : 50 % of initial elongation at break
Time for 50 % of initial elongation at breakTest temperature
Inverse absolute
temperature Min. estimate Max. estimate Median time [°C] [1/K] [hours] [hours] [hours] [days]135 2,450E-3 6520 9200 8160 340150 2,363E-3 2080 2510 2270 95165 2,282E-3 520 620 570 24180 2,207E-3 162 189 188 8
Fit results of median time values to Arrhenius law : • Activation energy : Ea = 1,348 eV or 130,1 kJ/mol• Correlation coefficient o f linear fit : R² = 0,9991
IEEE-ICC Fall 2007 meetin Scottsdale - L. von Laue(Nexans) : Halogen Free Cables for Nuclear Power Plants38
Arrhenius lifetime test
1,0E+02
1,0E+03
1,0E+04
1,0E+05
1,0E+06
1,0E+07
0,0022 0,0024 0,0026 0,0028 0,003
inverse temperature [1/K]
time
for e
ndpo
int c
riter
ia [h
]
experimentalpointsfit curve
95% confidencelimits
100 y50 y
10 y5 y
1 y0,5 y
lifetime [years]
Nexans NPP K1 sheath material
160 140 120 100 80
temperature [°C]
Followed by:
Complete cable test according to IEEE 383
•
Electric evaluation after bending
=> 40 or 60 years expected lifetime
Lifetime [years]Tempe-rature[°C]
95% confi-dence limit
upper lower
Pre-diction
70 1634 1133 133475 848 589 69380 448 312 36785 241 168 19890 132 92 10895 73 51 60100 41 29 34
IEEE-ICC Fall 2007 meetin Scottsdale - L. von Laue(Nexans) : Halogen Free Cables for Nuclear Power Plants39
2) Gamma radiation
Nexans Cable
Gamma radiation Aging (from Cobalt 60)
To simulate the cable qualified life normal and accident irradiationLABRA (CEA Saclay Facilities)
Nuclear typical properties
IEEE-ICC Fall 2007 meetin Scottsdale - L. von Laue(Nexans) : Halogen Free Cables for Nuclear Power Plants40
To simulate the most severe postulated conditions of a design basis event - thermo dynamical shocks)
Different equipments at disposal
3) Loss
of Coolant
Accident SimulationNuclear typical properties
Accident scenarios are plant and engineering specific.
Many different scenarios have been tested
IEEE-ICC Fall 2007 meetin Scottsdale - L. von Laue(Nexans) : Halogen Free Cables for Nuclear Power Plants41
Nuclear typicalproperties 3) Loss
of Coolant
Accident Simulation
EDF (Electricité
de France) LOCA curve
(from
RCC-E)
IEEE-ICC Fall 2007 meetin Scottsdale - L. von Laue(Nexans) : Halogen Free Cables for Nuclear Power Plants43
Tir Nexans K0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1,00E+00 5,00E+04 1,00E+05 1,50E+05 2,00E+05 2,50E+05
Temps (sec)
Tem
péra
ture
(°C
)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Pres
sion
(bar
)
Temperature and Pressure conditions Example
IEEE-ICC Fall 2007 meetin Scottsdale - L. von Laue(Nexans) : Halogen Free Cables for Nuclear Power Plants44
Conclusion 1
Nexans
FRNC cables 1E & non1E are
the
Best Choice for NPP’s
cabling
Used Inside and Outside NPP’s containment
Fitted to 40/60 years life time
Fire retardant
No corrosivity - No toxicity – No smoke
Qualification according to many standards
Radiation resistance up to 2.106 Gy (200 Mrads)
IEEE-ICC Fall 2007 meetin Scottsdale - L. von Laue(Nexans) : Halogen Free Cables for Nuclear Power Plants45
Conclusion 2
Nexans
has been chosen by many Utilities, thank
to:
its high quality and performance of electrical cables for Nuclear Power Plants,
its broad experience all over the World regarding multiple types of Nuclear Power Plants
its efficient Service and its Reliability