Parallel computing - Grid computing
1 Most grid computing applications use middleware, software that sits between the
operating system and the application to manage network resources and standardize the software interface. The most common distributed computing middleware is the Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network
Computing (BOINC). Often, distributed computing software makes use of "spare
cycles", performing computations at times when a computer is idling.
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Virtual appliance - Relationship to grid computing
1 Virtualization solves a key problem in the grid computing arena - namely, the reality that any sufficiently large grid will inevitably consist of a wide variety of heterogeneous hardware and
Operating System configurations. Adding virtual appliances into the picture allows for
extremely rapid provisioning of grid nodes and importantly, cleanly decouples the grid
operator from the grid consumer by encapsulating all knowledge of the application
within the virtual appliance.
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Grid computing - Overview
1 Grid computing combines computers from multiple administrative domains to reach a common goal, to solve a single task, and may then disappear
just as quickly.
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Grid computing - Overview
1 One of the main strategies of grid computing is to use middleware to divide and apportion pieces of a
program among several computers, sometimes up to many thousands.
Grid computing involves computation in a distributed fashion, which may
also involve the aggregation of large-scale clusters.
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Grid computing - Market segmentation of the grid computing market
1 For the segmentation of the grid computing market, two perspectives need to be considered: the provider
side and the user side:
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Grid computing - The provider side
1 Utility computing is referred to as the provision of grid computing and
applications as service either as an open grid utility or as a hosting
solution for one organization or a Virtual Organization (Grid
computing)|VO. Major players in the utility computing market are Sun
Microsystems, IBM, and HP.
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Grid computing - The user side
1 For companies on the demand or user side of the grid computing
market, the different segments have significant implications for their IT
deployment strategy. The IT deployment strategy as well as the
type of IT investments made are relevant aspects for potential grid
users and play an important role for grid adoption.
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Grid computing - History
1 The term grid computing originated in the early 1990s as a metaphor for making computer power as easy to
access as an electric power grid. The power grid metaphor for accessible
computing quickly became canonical when Ian Foster and Carl Kesselman
published their seminal work, "The Grid: Blueprint for a new computing
infrastructure" (2004).https://store.theartofservice.com/the-grid-computing-toolkit.html
Grid computing - History
1 In 2007 the term cloud computing came into popularity, which is conceptually
similar to the canonical Foster definition of grid computing (in terms of computing resources being consumed as electricity
is from the power grid). Indeed, grid computing is often (but not always) associated with the delivery of cloud computing systems as exemplified by
the AppLogic system from 3tera.
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Grid computing - Projects and applications
1 Grid computing is being applied by the National Science Foundation's National Technology Grid, NASA's Information Power Grid, Pratt &
Whitney, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., and American Express.
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Grid computing - Projects and applications
1 According to the project fact sheet, their mission is “to establish effective routes to foster the adoption of grid
computing across the EU and to stimulate research into innovative
business models using Grid technologies”
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Grid computing - Definitions
1 Today there are many definitions of grid
computing:
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Grid computing - Definitions
1 IBM defines grid computing as “the ability, using a set of open standards
and protocols, to gain access to applications and data, processing
power, storage capacity and a vast array of other computing resources
over the Internet
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Grid computing - International projects
1 Grid++ – The first commercial Grid Computing system that provides
developer services and tools. (Paas/Saas) USA and Europe
September 2009 September ongoing
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Grid computing - International projects
1 High Performance and Grid Computing
Research Group USDecember 2010 active
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Grid computing - Bibliography
1 Plaszczak, Pawel; Rich Wellner, Jr (2006). Grid Computing "The Savvy
Manager's Guide". Morgan Kaufmann Publishers. ISBN 0-12-742503-9.
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Grid computing - Bibliography
1 Berman, Fran; Anthony J. G. Hey, Geoffrey C. Fox (2003). Grid
Computing: Making The Global Infrastructure a Reality. Wiley. ISBN 0-
470-85319-0.
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Grid computing - Bibliography
1 Smith, Roger (2005). "Grid Computing: A Brief Technology Analysis" (PDF). CTO Network
Library.
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Grid computing - Bibliography
1 Buyya, Rajkumar (July 2005). "Grid Computing: Making the Global
Cyberinfrastructure for eScience a Reality" (PDF). CSI Communications (Mumbai, India: Computer Society of
India (CSI)) 29 (1).
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Grid computing - Bibliography
1 Berstis, Viktors. "Fundamentals of Grid
Computing". IBM.
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Grid computing - Bibliography
1 Ferreira, Luis; et al. "Grid Computing
Products and Services". IBM.
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Grid computing - Bibliography
1 Ferreira, Luis; et al. "Introduction to Grid
Computing with Globus". IBM.
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Grid computing - Bibliography
1 Jacob, Bart; et al. "Enabling
Applications for Grid Computing". IBM.
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Grid computing - Bibliography
1 Jacob, Bart; et al. "Introduction to Grid
Computing". IBM.
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Grid computing
1 What distinguishes grid computing from conventional high performance computing systems such as Cluster (computing)|cluster computing is that grids tend to be more loosely
coupled, heterogeneous, and geographically
dispersed.[http://www.e-sciencecity.org/EN/gridcafe/what-is-
the-grid.html What is grid computing? - Gridcafe]
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Grid computing - Overview
1 Grid computing combines computers from multiple administrative domains to reach 'a common goal',' to solve a single task', and may then disappear
just as quickly.
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Grid computing - Design considerations and variations
1 BOINC is a common one for various academic projects seeking public volunteers; more are listed at the
Grid computing#See also|end of the article.
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Grid computing - Projects and applications
1 According to the project fact sheet, their mission is “to establish effective routes to foster the adoption of grid
computing across the EU and to stimulate research into innovative
business models using Grid technologies”
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Grid computing - Definitions
1 * Plaszczak/WellnerP Plaszczak, R Wellner, Grid computing, 2005, Elsevier/Morgan Kaufmann, San
Francisco define grid technology as the technology that enables resource
virtualization, on-demand provisioning, and service (resource)
sharing between organizations.
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Grid computing - Definitions
1 * IBM defines grid computing as “the ability, using a set of open standards
and protocols, to gain access to applications and data, processing
power, storage capacity and a vast array of other computing resources
over the Internet
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Trusted Computing - Verification of remote computation for grid computing
1 Trusted Computing could be used to guarantee participants in a grid computing
system are returning the results of the computations they claim to be instead of forging them. This would allow large scale
simulations to be run (say a climate simulation) without expensive redundant
computations to guarantee malicious hosts are not undermining the results to
achieve the conclusion they want.
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Wireless grid - Grid Computing
1 The goal of grid computing is described as to provide flexible, secure and coordinated resource
sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions and resources (McKnight, Howison,
2004).
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List of distributed computing projects - Grid computing projects
1 While distributed computing functions by dividing a complex
problem among diverse and independent computer systems and
then combine the result, grid computing works by utilizing a network of large pools of high-powered computing resources.
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List of distributed computing projects - Grid computing infrastructure
1 * BREIN uses the Semantic Web and multi-agent systems to build simple
and reliable grid computing|grid systems for business, with a focus on
engineering and logistics management.
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List of distributed computing projects - Grid computing infrastructure
1 * AssessGrid addresses obstacles to wide adoption of grid technologies by
bringing risk management and assessment to this field, enabling use
of grid computing in business and society.http://www.assessgrid.eu/
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List of distributed computing projects - Grid computing infrastructure
1 * Cohesion Platform– A Java-based modular peer-to-peer multi-
application desktop grid computing platform for irregularly structured
problems developed at the University of Tübingen
(Germany)http://www.cohesion.de/cms
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List of distributed computing projects - Grid computing infrastructure
1 * Legion (software)|Legion– A grid computing platform developed at the University of
Virginia
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Virtual Organization (Grid computing)
1 In grid computing, a 'virtual organization' (VO) refers to a dynamic set of individuals or
institutions defined around a set of resource sharing|resource-sharing
rules and conditions. All these virtual organizations share some
commonality among them, including common concerns and requirements, but may vary in size, scope, duration,
sociology, and structure.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-grid-computing-toolkit.html
Virtual Organization (Grid computing) - History
1 The collaborations involved in grid computing of the early 2000s lead to
the emergence of multiple organizations that function as one
unit through the use of their shared competencies and resources for the purpose of one or more identified
goals.
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Parallelized - Grid computing
1 Grid computing is the most distributed form of parallel computing. It makes use of computers communicating over the Internet to work on a given problem. Because of the low bandwidth and extremely high latency available on the
Internet, distributed computing typically deals only with embarrassingly parallel problems. List of distributed computing projects|Many
distributed computing applications have been created, of which SETI@home and
Folding@home are the best-known examples.
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