© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 1
19065 IoT4
Getting Up and Running with LoRaWAN™
Long-Range Networking
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 2
Objectives
l At the end of this class, the student will be able to:l List 3 advantages of the LoRaWAN™ Network
Protocol
l Configure, Activate (Join), and Communicate with the RN2903 Wireless Module
l Create a LoRaWAN™ End-device application using the LoRa™ Technology Mote
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 3
l Internet of Things ( IoT )
l LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
l LoRa™ Technology Wireless Modules
l Getting Started with RN2903 Module
l Hands-on Labs
Agenda
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 4
l Internet of Things ( IoT )
l LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
l LoRa™ Technology Wireless Modules
l Getting Started with RN2903 Module
l Hands-on Labs
Agenda
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 5
Internet of Things ( IoT )
l Loosely defined paradigml Connected devices
l Communication happens without human intervention
l “Thing” can contribute to “big data”l Cloud-handled data
l Queries on the cloud data can offer a high-level view
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 6
Internet of Things ( IoT )
Bluetooth®Bluetooth® Wi-Fi®Wi-Fi® Cellular (2G, 3G, 4G-LTE)Cellular (2G, 3G, 4G-LTE)
Personal Area Local Area Wide Area
Types of Wireless Networks
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 7
LoRaWAN™ Network
Smart Agriculture
Smart Energy
Smart City
Smart Home and Security
Monitoring / Control
Light Control
Internet of Things ( IoT )
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 8
l The LoRa™ Alliance (http://lora-alliance.org/) is an open, non-profit association of members.
l Mission: to standardize Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN)
l Alliance members will collaborate to drive the global success of the LoRaWAN™ protocol
Internet of Things ( IoT )Who is the LoRa™ Alliance?
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 9
l Internet of Things ( IoT )
l LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
l LoRa™ Technology Wireless Modules
l Getting Started with RN2903 Module
l Hands-on Labs
Agenda
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 10
l LoRaWAN™ Network Protocoll LoRa™ Technology Modulation
l How does LoRaWAN™ Technology Work?
l End-Device Classes
l End-Device Activation (Joining)
l Security
l End-Device Data Communication (Class A)
l Adaptive Data Rate (ADR)
Sub-Agenda
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 11
l LoRaWAN™ Network Protocoll LoRa™ Technology Modulation
l How does LoRaWAN™ Technology Work?
l End-Device Classes
l End-Device Activation (Joining)
l Security
l End-Device Data Communication (Class A)
l Adaptive Data Rate (ADR)
Sub-Agenda
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 12
l Proprietary Spread Spectrum Technologyl Developed by Semtech Corporation (http://www.semtech.com/)
l Chirped-FM
l Processing gain = increased receive sensitivity
l Enables longer range at expense of lower data rate
LoRaWAN™ Network ProtocolLoRa™ Technology Modulation
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 13
l Spreading Factor (SF)l Programmable SF:
7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12
l The higher the SF the more information transmitted per bit; therefore higher processing gain
l Bandwidth (BW)l Programmable signal BW settings:
125 kHz, 250 kHz, 500 kHz
l For a given SF, a narrower BW = increased receive sensitivity; however, increased time on air
l Forward Error Correction (FEC) Code Rate (CR)l Additional coding rate provides more redundancy to detect errors
and correct them
LoRaWAN™ Network ProtocolLoRa™ Technology Modulation
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 14
12 11 10 9 8 7
292 537 9761757
3125
5468
10937
7
0 1
LoRa Modulation
3 4 5 6
Range
Bitrate (BR) (bps)
Spreading Factor (SF)
Data Rate (DR)
-137 -135 -132-129
-126-123
Receive Sensitivity (dBm)
-120
LoRaWAN™ Modulation Settings for Europe
125125
125125
125125
250 Bandwidth (BW) (kHz)
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
7FSK
--
--50K
-122
2
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 15
Longest Distance on LoRa Modulation
l Data Rate (DR) = 0
l LoRa™ modulation
l Spreading Factor (SF) = SF12
l Bandwidth (BW) = 125 kHz
l Coding Rate (CR) = 4/5
l Bit Rate = 292 bps
l Max Application Payload Size = 51 bytesl Time On Air = 2466 ms
LoRaWAN™ Network ProtocolLoRaWAN™ Modulation Settings for Europe
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 16
Highest Bit Rate on LoRa Modulation
l Data Rate (DR) = 6
l LoRa™ modulation
l Spreading Factor (SF) = SF7
l Bandwidth (BW) = 250 kHz
l Coding Rate (CR) = 4/5
l Bit Rate = 10937 bps
l Max Application Payload Size = 222 bytes
l Time On Air = 185 ms
LoRaWAN™ Network ProtocolLoRaWAN™ Modulation Settings for Europe
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 17
Highest Bit Rate on GFSK Modulation
l Data Rate (DR) = 7
l FSK modulation
l Maximum Bit Rate = 50 kbps
l Max Application Payload Size = 222 bytes
l Time On Air = 39 ms
LoRaWAN™ Network ProtocolLoRaWAN™ Modulation Settings for Europe
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 18
LoRaWAN™ Modulation Settings for North America
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
10 9 8 7 8
0 1 2 3 4
Range
Bitrate (BR) (bps)
Spreading Factor (SF)
Data Rate (DR)
125125
125125
500 Bandwidth (BW) (kHz)
9761757
3125
5468
12500
LoRa Modulation
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 19
Longest Distance on LoRa Modulation
l Data Rate (DR) = 0l LoRa™ modulation
l Spreading Factor (SF) = SF10
l Bandwidth (BW) = 125 kHz
l Coding Rate (CR) = 4/5
l Bit Rate = 976 bps
l Max Application Payload Size = 11 bytes
l Time On Air = 371 ms
LoRaWAN™ Network ProtocolLoRaWAN™ Modulation Settings for North America
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 20
Highest Bit Rate on LoRa Modulation
l Data Rate (DR) = 4l LoRa™ modulation
l Spreading Factor (SF) = SF8
l Bandwidth (BW) = 500 kHz
l Coding Rate (CR) = 4/5
l Bit Rate = 12500 bps
l Max Application Payload Size = 242 bytes
l Time On Air = 175 ms
LoRaWAN™ Network ProtocolLoRaWAN™ Modulation Settings for North America
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 21
l License free Sub-GHz Frequenciesl Europe: 868 MHz Band
l Network channels can be freely attributed by the network operator
l Three mandatory channels that all gateways should constantly receive:
LoRaWAN™ Network ProtocolLoRaWAN™ Channels
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 22
l License free Sub-GHz Frequenciesl North America: 915 MHz Band
l Upstream: 64 channels numbered 0 to 63, DR0 to DR3
l Upstream: 8 channels numbered 64 to 71, DR4
l Downstream: 8 channels numbered 0 to 7, DR8 to DR13
LoRaWAN™ Network ProtocolLoRaWAN™ Channels
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 23
l LoRaWAN™ Network Protocoll LoRa Technology Modulation
l How does LoRaWAN™ Technology Work?
l End-Device Classes
l End-Device Activation (Joining)
l Security
l End-Device Data Communication (Class A)
l Adaptive Data Rate (ADR)
Sub-Agenda
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 24
l Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN)l Bidirectional
l Simple Star Network Topology
l Low data rate
l Low cost
l Long battery life
l Ideal for:l Internet of Things (IoT)
l Machine-to-Machine (M2M)
l Industrial Automation
l Low Power Applications
l Battery Operated Sensors
l Smart City
l Smart Meter
l Smart Agriculture
http://lora-alliance.org/What-Is-LoRa/Technology
What is LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol?
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
Enables simpler network architecture:• No repeaters• No mesh routing complexity
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 25
LoRaWAN™ Network
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
End-Devices
Network Server
Gateways
ApplicationServer
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 26
Physical Topology
LoRaWAN™ Network ProtocolHow does LoRaWAN™ Technology Work?
Gateways Network Server
Application Servers
Advanced Network Topology
Sub-GHz RF
End-Devices
IP IP
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 27
Physical Topology
LoRaWAN™ Network ProtocolHow does LoRaWAN™ Technology Work?
Gateways Network Server
Application Servers
Advanced Network Topology
* May physically be one server
IP IPSub-GHz RF
End-Devices
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 28
Physical Topology
LoRaWAN™ Network ProtocolHow does LoRaWAN™ Technology Work?
IP IP
Advanced Network Topology
Gateways Network Server
Application Servers
Sub-GHz RF
End-Devices
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 29
Physical Topology
LoRaWAN™ Network ProtocolHow does LoRaWAN™ Technology Work?
IP IP
Advanced Network Topology
Gateways Network Server
Application Servers
Sub-GHz RF
End-Devices
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 30
Physical Topology
LoRaWAN™ Network ProtocolHow does LoRaWAN™ Technology Work?
IP IP
Advanced Network Topology
Gateways Network Server
Application Servers
Sub-GHz RF
End-Devices
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 31
End-Device
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
l The “Thing” in IoT
l Single-hop wireless communication to one or many Gateway(s).
Sensors
Host MCU
Ap
pli
cati
on
Actuators UART
Lo
RaW
AN
Pro
toco
l
Wireless Module
Rad
io T
ran
sceiv
er
Inte
rnet
Pro
toco
l
Rad
io T
ran
sceiv
er
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 32
Gateway
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
l Interface the LoRaWAN RF Network to LoRaWAN Backend Services
l Data is “passed through” to Servers
l Connected to Network Server via standard IP connection.
IPIn
tern
et
Pro
toco
l
Rad
io T
ran
sceiv
er
Inte
rnet
Pro
toco
l
Netw
ork
Serv
er
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 33
Inte
rnet
Pro
toco
l
Ap
pli
cati
on
Serv
er
Network Server
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
Inte
rnet
Pro
toco
l
Netw
ork
Serv
er
IPIP
Inte
rnet
Pro
toco
l
Rad
io T
ran
sceiv
er
l Network Server authenticates data
l If data is addressed to Network Server, data is processed
l Else data will be forwarded to Application Server
l Connected to the Application Server via standard IP connection.
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 34
Application Server
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
l Consumer of data
l Application Server decrypts data
l Multiple Application Servers can exist within the same LoRaWAN Network
Inte
rnet
Pro
toco
l
Ap
pli
cati
on
Serv
er
IP
Inte
rnet
Pro
toco
l
Netw
ork
Serv
er
Example: Each Application Server handles specific type of data
Electric Meter
Vending Machine
Smoke alarms
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 35
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
Gateways Network Server
Multiple Application Servers Example
Application Servers
Sub-GHz RF
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 36
Logical Data Flow (Programmer’s Model)
LoRaWAN™ Network ProtocolHow does LoRaWAN™ Technology Work?
End-DevicesGateway Network
ServerApplication
Server
IP IP
End-device to/from Network Server
End-device to/from Application Server
Data Data
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 37
l LoRaWAN™ Network Protocoll Lora™ Technology Modulation
l How does LoRaWAN™ Technology Work?
l End-Device Classes
l End-Device Activation (Joining)
l Security
l End-Device Data Communication (Class A)
l Adaptive Data Rate (ADR)
Sub-Agenda
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 38
l Each end-device class has different behavior depending on the choice of optimization:l Battery Powered – Class A
l Low Latency – Class B
l No Latency – Class C
LoRaWAN™ Network ProtocolEnd-Device Classes
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 39
l Battery Powered – Class Al Bidirectional communications
l Unicast messages
l Small payloads
l Long intervals
l End-device initiates communication (uplink)
l Server communicates with end-device (downlink) during predetermined response windows:
End-Device Classes
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
RX2
RxDelay1
RxDelay2
Transmit RX1
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 40
l Battery Powered – Class Al Pros
l Lowest power consumption = longest battery life
l Cons
l Long latency
l Examplesl Battery powered sensors
End-Device Classes
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 41
l Low Latency – Class Bl Bidirectional with scheduled receive slots
l Unicast and Multicast messages
l Small payloads
l Long intervals
l Periodic beacon from gateway
l Extra receive window (ping slot)
l Server can initiate transmission at fixed intervals
End-Device Classes
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
Ping Slot
Beacon Period
RX2
RxDelay1
RxDelay2
Transmit BCNBCN PNG RX1
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 42
l Low Latency – Class Bl Pros
l Deterministic latency
l Cons
l Higher power consumption
l Examplesl Battery powered actuator end-device
End-Device Classes
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 43
LoRaWAN™ Overview
l No Latency – Class Cl Bidirectional communications
l Unicast and Multicast messages
l Small payloads
l Server can initiate transmission at any time
l End-device is constantly receiving
RX1 RX2
RxDelay1
RxDelay2
Transmit RX2
Extends RX2 until next TX
End-Device Classes
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 44
l No Latency – Class Cl Pros
l Lowest receive latency
l End-device has continuous receive window
l Cons
l Highest power consumption (expect end-device to be mains powered)
l Examplesl Mains power low-latency actuator end-device
End-Device Classes
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 45
l LoRaWAN™ Network Protocoll LoRa™ Technology Modulation
l How does LoRaWAN™ Technology Work?
l End-Device Classes
l End-Device Activation (Joining)
l Security
l End-Device Data Communication (Class A)
l Adaptive Data Rate (ADR)
Sub-Agenda
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 46
l Before an end-device can communicate on the LoRaWAN network, it must be activated
l The following information is required:l Device Address (DevAddr)
l Network Session Key (NwkSKey)
l Application Session Key (AppSKey)
Let’s look at each of these in detail…
End-Device Activation (Joining)
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 47
l Device Address (DevAddr)l 32-bit identifier
l Unique within the network
l Present in each data frame
l Shared between End-device, Network Server, and Application Server
l Differentiates nodes within the network, allowing the network to use the correct encryption keys and properly interpret the data
End-Device Activation (Joining)
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 48
l Network Session Key (NwkSKey)l 128-bit AES encryption key
l Unique per end-device
l Shared between end-device and Network Server
l Provides message integrity for the communication
l Provides security for end-device to Network Server communication
End-Device Activation (Joining)
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 49
l Application Session Key (AppSKey)l 128-bit AES encryption key
l Unique per end-device
l Shared between end-device and Application Server
l Used to encrypt / decrypt application data messages
l Provides security for application payload
End-Device Activation (Joining)
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 50
l To exchange this information, two activation methods are available:
End-Device Activation (Joining)
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
Activation By Personalization (ABP)
l Shared keys stored at production time
l Locked to a specific network
Over-the-Air Activation(OTAA)
l Based on Globally Unique Identifier
l Over the air message handshaking
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 51
l Over-the-Air-Activation (OTAA)l End-device transmits Join Request to application
server containing:l Globally unique end-device identifier (DevEUI)
l Application identifier (AppEUI)
l Authentication with Application key (AppKey)
l End-device receives Join Accept from application server
(continued…)
End-Device Activation (Joining)
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 52
l Over-the-Air-Activation (OTAA)l End-device authenticates Join Accept
l End-device decrypts Join Accept
l End-device extracts and stores Device Address (DevAddr)
l End-device derives: l Network Session Key (NwkSKey)
l Application Session Key (AppSKey)
End-Device Activation (Joining)
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
SecurityKeys
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 53
l Activation By Personalization (ABP)l The following information is configured at
production time:l Device Address (DevAddr)
l Network Session Key (NwkSKey)
l Application Session Key (AppSKey)
l No over the air handshaking
l Device is ready to communicate on the network without any additional procedure.
l Note that the end result is the same, the DevAddr and security keys are now known to the end-device
End-Device Activation (Joining)
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 54
l LoRaWAN™ Network Protocoll LoRa™ Technology Modulation
l How does LoRaWAN™ Technology Work?
l End-Device Classes
l End-Device Activation (Joining)
l Security
l End-Device Data Communication (Class A)
l Adaptive Data Rate (ADR)
Sub-Agenda
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 55
Logical Data Flow (Programmer’s Model)
LoRaWAN™ Network ProtocolSecurity
End-DevicesGateway Network
ServerApplication
Server
Sub-GHz RF
IP IP
Network Session Key (NwkSKey)
Application Session Key (AppSKey)Ap
plic
ati
on
Ap
plic
atio
n
Data Data
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 56
l Based on 802.15.4 Security l AES-128
l Enhancementl Network Session Key (NwkSKey)
l Application Session Key (AppSKey)
l Network Server authenticates Application Data
l Network Server cannot decrypt Application Data
LoRaWAN™ Network ProtocolSecurity
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 57
l LoRaWAN™ Network Protocoll LoRa™ Technology Modulation
l How does LoRaWAN™ Technology Work?
l End-Device Classes
l End-Device Activation (Joining)
l Security
l End-Device Data Communication (Class A)
l Adaptive Data Rate (ADR)
Sub-Agenda
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 58
l Uplink Messagel End-Device to Network Server relayed by one or
many Gateways
LoRaWAN™ Network ProtocolEnd-Device Data Communications (Class A)
GatewaysNetwork Server
Application Servers
Sub-GHz RF
End-Devices
IP IP
Uplink
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 59
l Downlink Messagel Sent by the Network Server to only one End-Device
and is relayed by a single Gateway
LoRaWAN™ Network ProtocolEnd-Device Data Communications (Class A)
GatewaysNetwork Server
Application Servers
Sub-GHz RF
End-Devices
IP IP
Downlink
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 60
End-Device Data Message does not require an acknowledgement
Let’s look at an example…
LoRaWAN™ Network ProtocolEnd-Device Data Communications (Class A)
Unconfirmed-Data Message
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 61
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
Gateways Network Server
Application Servers
End-Device Data Communications (Class A)
Unconfirmed-Data Message
1. Electric meter transmits data
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 62
Gateways Network Server
Application Servers
LoRaWAN™ Network ProtocolEnd-Device Data Communications (Class A)
Unconfirmed-Data Message
2. Gateway receives data and passes to Network Server
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 63
Gateways Network Server
Application Servers
LoRaWAN™ Network ProtocolEnd-Device Data Communications (Class A)
Unconfirmed-Data Message
3. The Network Server authenticates data and passes it to Electric Meter Application Server
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 64
Gateways Network Server
Application Servers
LoRaWAN™ Network ProtocolEnd-Device Data Communications (Class A)
Unconfirmed-Data Message
4. Electric Meter Application Server decrypts data
Data
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 65
End-Device Data Message has to be acknowledged by the receiver
Let’s look at an example…
LoRaWAN™ Network ProtocolEnd-Device Data Communications
Confirmed-Data Message
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 66
Gateways Network Server
Application Servers
LoRaWAN™ Network ProtocolEnd-Device Data Communications (Class A)
Confirmed-Data Message
1. Vending Machine transmits data. It is received by two Gateways.
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 67
Gateways Network Server
Application Servers
LoRaWAN™ Network ProtocolEnd-Device Data Communications (Class A)
Confirmed-Data Message
2. Both gateways “pass through” the data to the Network Server.
Data
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 68
Gateways Network Server
Application Servers
LoRaWAN™ Network ProtocolEnd-Device Data Communications (Class A)
Confirmed-Data Message
3. The Network Server forwards the data to the Vending Machine Applications Server
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 69
Gateways Network Server
Application Servers
LoRaWAN™ Network ProtocolEnd-Device Data Communications (Class A)
Confirmed-Data Message
4. The Vending Machine Applications Server sends an acknowledgement
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 70
Gateways Network Server
Application Servers
ACK
LoRaWAN™ Network ProtocolEnd-Device Data Communications (Class A)
Confirmed-Data Message
5. The Network Server selects the best path (gateway) to transmit the acknowledgement to the end-device.
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 71
Gateways Network Server
Application Servers
LoRaWAN™ Network ProtocolEnd-Device Data Communications (Class A)
Confirmed-Data Message
6. The Gateway transmits the acknowledgement to the end-device
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 72
If the Application Server has a Data Message for the End-Device…
… the Application Server has to wait until the End-Device initiates a transmission.
Let’s look at an example…
LoRaWAN™ Network ProtocolEnd-Device Data Communications (Class A)
Application Server Data Message
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 73
Gateways Network Server
Application Servers
LoRaWAN™ Network ProtocolEnd-Device Data Communications (Class A)
Data
Application Server Data Message
1. The Smoke Detector Application Server has Data for the highlighted Smoke Detector
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 74
Gateways Network Server
Application Servers
LoRaWAN™ Network ProtocolEnd-Device Data Communications (Class A)
Zzz…
2. However, it has to wait until the Smoke Detector wakes up and transmits a Data Message
Application Server Data Message
Data
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 75
Gateways Network Server
Application Servers
LoRaWAN™ Network ProtocolEnd-Device Data Communications (Class A)
3. When the Smoke Detect transmits, the Data Message moves Upstream
Application Server Data Message
Data
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 76
Gateways Network Server
Application Servers
LoRaWAN™ Network ProtocolEnd-Device Data Communications (Class A)
4. Passed through the Gateway…
Application Server Data Message
Data
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 77
Gateways Network Server
Application Servers
LoRaWAN™ Network ProtocolEnd-Device Data Communications (Class A)
5. … and the Network Server sends to the Smoke Detector Application Server.
Application Server Data Message
DataData
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 78
Gateways Network Server
Application Servers
LoRaWAN™ Network ProtocolEnd-Device Data Communications (Class A)
6. The Smoke Detector Application Server can now send the data message to the Smoke Detector.
Application Server Data Message
Data
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 79
Gateways Network Server
Application Servers
LoRaWAN™ Network ProtocolEnd-Device Data Communications (Class A)
7. The Network Server sends the Data Message to the appropriate Gateway.
Application Server Data Message
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 80
Gateways Network Server
Application Servers
LoRaWAN™ Network ProtocolEnd-Device Data Communications (Class A)
8. The Data Message is transmitted to the Smoke Detector during one of the two Receive Windows.
Application Server Data Message
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 81
l LoRaWAN™ Network Protocoll LoRa™ Technology Modulation
l How does LoRaWAN™ Technology Work?
l End-Device Classes
l End-Device Activation (Joining)
l Security
l End-Device Data Communication
l Adaptive Data Rate (ADR)
Sub-Agenda
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 82
l LoRaWAN can managel data rate and
l RF power output
for each end-device to
l Optimize for fastest data rate,
l Maximize battery life, and
l Maximize network capacity
based on range from gateway
Adaptive Data Rate (ADR)
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 83
12 11 10 9 8 7
292 537 9761757
3125
5468
10937
7
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Range
Bitrate (BR) (bps)
Spreading Factor (SF)
Data Rate (DR)
Adaptive Data Rate (ADR)
125125
125125
125125
250 Bandwidth (BW) (kHz)
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
7
--
--50K
Note: European data rates shown
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 84
l LoRaWAN™ Network Protocoll LoRa™ Technology Modulation
l How does LoRaWAN™ Technology Work?
l End-Device Classes
l End-Device Activation (Joining)
l Security
l End-Device Data Communication
l Adaptive Data Rate (ADR)
Summary
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 85
l Internet of Things ( IoT )
l LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
l LoRa™ Technology Wireless Modules
l Getting Started with RN2903 Module
l Hands-on Labs
Agenda
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 86
LoRa™ Technology Wireless Modules
l RN2483 LoRa™ Technology Transceiver Modulel European (EU) 868/433 MHz
l R&TTE Directive Assessed Radio Module
l TX Power: up to +14 dBm
l Power Consumption: 1.6 uA in Sleep
l RN2903 LoRa™ Technology Transceiver Modulel North American (NA) 915 MHz
l FCC and IC modular certification
l TX Power: up to +20 dBm
l Power Consumption: 2.2 uA in Sleep
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 87
LoRa™ Technology Wireless Modules
l General Featuresl Fully integrated module
l On-board LoRaWAN™ Class A protocol stack
l ASCII Command Interface over UART
l UART Device Firmware Upgrade (DFU)
l Integrated MCU and Crystal
l EUI-64 Node Identity Serial EEPROM
l 14 GPIOs
l Compact form factor: 17.8 x 26.7 x 3 mm
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 88
LoRa™ Technology Wireless ModulesBlock Diagram
LoRa™ TechnologyRadio Transceiver
I2C Real Time Clock SPI
LoRaWAN™ Protocol StackGPIO
14
Status LEDs,switches,
logic IOs, etc.
External Antenna(s)
Command Interface
UARTMCU
32768 HzCrystal
EUI-64EEPROM
Host MCURN2483 / RN2903
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 89
LoRa™ Technology Wireless Modules
RFHRFL
RX
TX
RTS
CTS
UART GPIOs 14
Status LEDs,switches,logic IOs,
etc.
Host MCU
TX
RX
CTS
RTS
Note: Optional RTS and CTS control lines will be supported in future firmware releases.
433 MHz 868 MHz
RN2483 LoRa™ Technology Transceiver Module
RN2483
VDD
GND
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 90
LoRa™ Technology Wireless Modules
RFH
RX
TX
RTS
CTS
UART GPIOs 14
Status LEDs,switches,logic IOs,
etc.
Host MCU
TX
RX
CTS
RTS
Note: Optional RTS and CTS control lines will be supported in future firmware releases.
915 MHz
RN2903 LoRa™ Technology Transceiver Module
RN2903
VDD
GND
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 91
LoRa™ Technology Wireless Modules
Development Tools
RN-2483-MOTERN-2903-MOTE RN-2483-PICTAIL™
RN-2903-PICTAIL
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 92
LoRa™ Technology Wireless Modules
LoRa™ Technology Mote Block Diagram
RN2483/RN2903Module
TMR1
SPI
GPIO
USB
Host MCU
Mote
LEDs
PushButtons
LightSensor
TemperatureSensor
OLEDDisplay
USBMini-B
Connector
ADC EU
SA
RT
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 93
l Control Interfacel UART (TX/RX) communication
l Default Baud Rate: 57600, 8N1, no flow control
l Supports Auto Baud Detection
l Command Interface
l Human Readable Text
l Command Request => Command Reply / Replies
l Command Request initiated by Host MCU
l Command Reply initiated by the LoRa Technology Wireless Module
LoRa™ Technology Wireless Modules
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 94
l Command Syntaxl Key word(s) issued, followed by optional parameter(s)
l Separated by space Character
l Key Word(s) Case Sensitive
l Parameter(s) Case Insensitive
l CR+LF Command Delimiter
l Command Request example: < mac set devaddr 048E436e\r\n
l Command Reply example:> ok\r\n
LoRa™ Technology Wireless Modules
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 95
LoRa™ Technology Wireless Modules
Command Interface
LoRaWAN™ Protocol
Radio Driver
Radio HardwareHardware (GPIO, System Timer, etc.)
mac
radio
sys
Command Interface
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 96
LoRa™ Technology Wireless Modules
Command Interface
Command Interface
LoRaWAN™ Protocol
Radio Driver
Radio HardwareHardware (GPIO, System Timer, etc.)
mac
radio
sys
mac : Issues LoRaWAN™ Class A protocol network
communication behaviors, actions and configurations commands
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 97
mac : Issues LoRaWAN™ Class A protocol
network communication behaviors, actions and configurations commands
LoRa™ Technology Wireless Modules
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 98
LoRa™ Technology Modules
< mac set devaddr 048E436E
> ok
< mac join abp
> ok
> accepted
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 99
LoRa™ Technology Wireless Modules
Command Interface
Command Interface
LoRaWAN™ Protocol
Radio Driver
Radio HardwareHardware (GPIO, System Timer, etc.)
mac
radio
sys
radio : Issues radio specific configurations, directly
accessing and updating the transceiver setup
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 100
LoRa™ Technology Wireless Modules
radio : Issues radio specific configurations, directly
accessing and updating the transceiver setup
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 101
< radio cw on
> ok
< radio get mod
> lora
LoRa™ Technology Wireless Modules
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 102
LoRa™ Technology Wireless Modules
Command Interface
Command Interface
LoRaWAN™ Protocol
Radio Driver
Radio HardwareHardware (GPIO, System Timer, etc.)
mac
radio
sys
sys : Issues system level behavior actions, gathers status
information on the firmware and hardware version, or accesses the module user EEPROM memory
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 103
sys : Issues system level behavior actions, gathers status
information on the firmware and hardware version, or accesses the module user EEPROM memory
LoRa™ Technology Wireless Modules
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 104
< sys sleep 5000
> ok
< sys reset
> RN2483 0.9.5 Mar 24 2015 14:17:03
LoRa™ Technology Wireless Modules
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 105
l Internet of Things ( IoT )
l LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
l LoRa™ Technology Wireless Modules
l Getting Started with RN2903 Module
l Hands-on Labs
Agenda
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 106
Getting Started with RN2903 Module
End-Device Gateway Network Server
Application Server
IP IP
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 107
End-Device with Over-the-Air Activation (OTAA) and uplink data transmission
l Configurationl mac set deveui C3D1000030000001
l mac set appeui DEDEAAAA00000030
l mac set appkey ABAAAA9AAAAA7B695455556555558496
l Activationl mac join otaa
l Communicationl mac tx uncnf 16 48454c4c4f
Getting Started with RN2903 Module
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 108
End-Device with Activation By Personalization (ABP) and uplink data transmission
l Configurationl mac set devaddr 0482FF05
l mac set nwkskey D95AC917E01FF24B69F4D9F9A0C4EC8D
l mac set appskey 70169735FDC5CD64F3C3ECE938DFCFE2
l Activationl mac join abp
l Communicationl mac tx uncnf 16 48454c4c4f
Getting Started with RN2903 Module
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 109
l Internet of Things ( IoT )
l LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
l LoRa™ Technology Wireless Modules
l Getting Started with RN2903 Module
l Hands-on Labs
Agenda
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 110
Lab Summary
l In the following labs you will:l Configure the RN2903
l Activate the RN2903
l Communicate with the Application Server
l Setup RN2903 Mote for stand-alone operation and observe sensor data on Application Server
l Modify existing host MCU source code to send lightsensor data to app server
Lab 1
Lab 2
Using Serial Terminal
Lab 3Using MPLAB®
X IDE
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 111
Lab 1:
RN2903 Module configuration and Over-the-Air Activation
(OTAA)
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 112
Lab 1 Objectives
l Configure the RN2903 Module
l Activate the RN2903 Module using Over-the-Air Activation (OTAA) with the ASCII command set
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 113
Lab 1
Tim
e
Join accept delay
TXRX
PC with Serial Terminal
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 114
Lab 1 Summary
l In this lab we have... l Successfully configured and activated RN2903
Module using the ASCII command set
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 115
Lab 2:
RN2903 Module bidirectional communication
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 116
Lab 2 Objectives
l Communicate with the Application Server by using RN2903 Module ASCII command setl Uplink and Downlink
l Confirmed and Unconfirmed
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 117
Lab 2
Tim
e
RX windows
delay
RX windows
delay
Unconfirmed uplink
Unconfirmed uplink with downlink
data
TXRX
PC with Serial Terminal
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 118
Lab 2 Summary
l In this lab we have...
l Successfully transmitted and received data by using the RN2903 Module command set
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 119
Lab 3:
Stand-alone end-device application
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 120
Lab 3 Objectives
l Setup RN2903 Mote for stand-alone operation and observe sensor data on Application Server
l Modify existing host MCU source code to send light sensor data to Application Server
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 121
Lab 3
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 122
Lab 3 Summary
l In this lab we have...
l Successfully operated an end-device application
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 123
l Internet of Things ( IoT )
l LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
l LoRa™ Technology Wireless Modules
l Getting Started with RN2903 Module
l Hands-on Labs
Summary
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 124
Additional Resources
l http://lora-alliance.org/
l http://www.microchip.com/lora
l RN2483 Low-Power Long Range LoRa™ Technology Transceiver Module
l RN2483 LoRa™ Technology Module Command Reference User’s Guide
l RN2903 Low-Power Long Range LoRa™ Technology Transceiver Module
l RN2903 LoRa™ Technology Module Command Reference User’s Guide
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 125
Q & A
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 126
Thank You!
© 2015 Microchip Technology Incorporated. All Rights Reserv ed. 19065 IoT4 Slide 127
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