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Terram Geosynthetics
By,
Mr. Dimple Gandhi
(Mktg. Head)Mr. Satish Rao
(V.P)
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Nonwoven Geosynthetics
and
its applications
Contents Indian Geosynthetic Mkt. Senario
Opportunities for Geosynthetics
Brief Introduction - History
Geosynthetics
Terram Nonwovens
- Manufacturing
- Charateristics
- Product Grades
- Main Applications
Discuss in Detail about use of Geosynthetic in one application
– Erosion Control
Terram Product Range
- Drainage Composites
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The Indian Economy Grew at an annual rate of 9% before the global economic meltdownEconomy growth for 2008 - 09 --- 6.7 %
(due to Global Crisis)Economy growth for 2009 - 10 --- 7.2 %
Growth projected 2010 - 2011 --- 8.5 %Growth projected 2011 - 2012 --- 9.0 %
(Source : Planning Commission, Govt. of India)
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Economy Growth Rate in India at a Glance
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Indian Economy Overview
GDP growth rates of the ‘BRIC’ pack
• India is one the largest and fastest growing economies in the world• Notwithstanding the economic slowdown, India continued to grow at 6% +• India's GDP is projected to grow @ 8-10% for the foreseeable future
In US$ Billion
Data source: IMF
Government of India in the Annual Budget 2010-2011 has ambitious plans for
the investment in infrastructure development:
Roads & Highways
• National Highways Development Projects at a glance (NHDP):NHDP envisages :
6-laning 6,500 km4-laning 17,500 km Upgrading of 20,000 km of National HighwaysInitiating development work of 1000 km of expressways.The MORTH has plans to build 20 Kms. of new road for the whole year.
The projected investment is about Rs. 8,12,661 Cr. ( USD 179 billion) over a period of six(6) years.
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Potential for Geosynthetics in India
Assuming that even 30% of the road stretches use Geo- textiles, this itselfwill require 46 million sq meters i.e. 9500 tons in next 3-4 years.
Ports• National Maritime development projects (NMDP):
India has a 7500 Kms. of coastline Currently, 12 Major ports (6 each in West & East) & 45 Non major and private
ports are operational. To provide additional capacity and to upgrade the present infrastructure to
international standard, an investment of about Rs.50,000 Cr. (US$ 11 bn) is envisaged in the major ports during the next five(5) years.
Port trust will undertake :- Development of 54 new Berths in next 5 yrs.- Several dredging projects would be undertaken- Road & Rail connectivity projects of over Rs.7,000 Cr.(US$ 1.5 bn)
is under implementation
There is huge potential of use of Geotextiles in coastline as it is specifically used for a purpose of Scour protection.
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Potential in India based on current budgets
Railways
Indian Railways is one of the largest railway system in the world
An Expansion of new 25,000 km length is proposed in next 10 yrs. Time
A dedicated freight corridor project estimated to cost about Rs.57,000 Cr.(US$12 bn) is being implementation.
Railways plan development of superfast trains ,350 kmph , for which use of Geotextiles will be a must
Geosynthetic can play a very vital role in improving the cost effective track structure design.
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Potential in India based on current budgets
Airports
India is currently the 9th biggest aviation mkt. in the world.
About 10 major and 40 smaller airports exist
The passenger traffic is expected to cross – 145 million per annum by 2010.Cargo traffic will cross 3.3 million M.T. by 2010.
Upgradation & Modernisation of Airports as per International standards will be the top priority
An investment of Rs.40,000 Cr. (US$ 9 bn) would be made in Airport infrastructure during the period 2006-07 to 2013-14.
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Potential in India based on current budgets
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Imports US$ 30 millonProduction US$ 55 millon
Domestic Consumption US$ 57 millionExports US$ 28 millon
Supply side
Demand side
INDIAN MARKET OF GEOTECH
GEOTECH MARKET SIZE PROJECTIONS
2020 market size
US$ 1000 mn2010 market size
US$ 85 mn
Present Market of Geotech
The geotech market is currently valued at US$ 85 million.
Projected
The total market size of Nonwoven Geotextiles in Indiain year 2009 is assumed at 2,000 tons/year.
Total market size of Nonwoven Geotextiles in Middleast in year 2009 is assumed at 16,000 tons/year
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Nonwoven Geotextile Mkt. Size
The History of Terram
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1960’s Terram process developed at UK by ICI
1970 Terram becomes a commercial business
1988 Terram acquired by Exxon Chemical
1995 Terram acquired by BBA Fiberweb Plc
2006 Fiberweb plc (demerged from BBA)
2008 Terram starts joint venture in India with TGPL
2010 TGPL started manufacturing at Mundra, Gujarat, India
TERRAM MANUFACTURING TODAY
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Paesi del mondoPontyPool,
UK
Mundra, India
Terram Geotextiles
Made at Pontypool, UK
Front View of Factory
Inside View of Plant & Machinery
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TERRAM is a Geosynthetics company dedicated to supply of
materials to the worldwide construction industry.
• The focus is in the supply of
- Geosynthetics for infrastructure construction
- Specialist range of geotextiles for the rail industry
- Drainage composites for structural and waste management
drainage systems
- Geocells for construction where there is need for stabilisation or
Reinforcement
What is Terram ?
Definitions : (ASTM D4439)
Geosynthetics – A planar product manufactured from a polymeric
material used with soil, rock or other geotechnical
related materials as an integral part of a man-made
project, structure or system
This term encompasses
Geotextiles
Geogrids
Geonets
GeoCells
Geomembranes
Geocomposites… etc.
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GEOSYNTHETICS
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GEOSYNTHETICS
Geosynthetics
Geotextiles
(TERRAM)
Woven Non Woven
Slit
Tape
Multi
Filament
Needle
PunchedSpun Bond
(TERRAM)
Geogrids Geonet Geocomposites
(TERRAM)
Geocells
(TERRAM)
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Geosynthetic products at a Glance
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Geosynthetic functions
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Separation• Prevents contamination of granular material
• Reduces loss of granular material into sub-base
• Makes spreading of fill easier
• Minimise need for excavation or treatment of existing
ground
• Fill can be placed over soft ground
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Filtration
• Geotextile Allows Controlled passage of
excess Pore water from the soft
subgrade.
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Confinement
• Geotextile restrains lateral movement of
the material at the bottom of the
granular layer.
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Definition :
A flat structure of synthetic fibers randomly laid
manufactured by bonding them together –
mechanical bonding , thermal bonding or chemical
bonding .
Nonwoven Geotextiles (GT)
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TERRAM is a
NONWOVEN
GEOTEXTILE
. Continuous filament
. Meltspun and
Thermally Bonded
. Bi component
Polymer Mixing Station
• POLYMERS USED
POLYPROPYLENE
POLYETHYLENE
ADDITIVES
COLOURED PIGMENT
U.V. STABILISER
ANTIOXIDANT
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Bicomponent polymer
Polyethylene
(PE) 30%
Polypropylene
(PP) 70%
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Fabric Lay Down
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Finished Goods
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Terram’s Unique Features
• In house design machine – a proprietary technology one of its kind.
• Continuous Filament
• Bicomponent fibres
• 100% Thermally bond product
• High tensile strength
• Highest control on the quality of the fibers & Geotextiles
• Terram 1000 -is the Industry standard
• Weight range - 65gsm – 400gsm
• Ability to produce any colour
• Ability to add various additives in the polymer
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Terram Nonwoven
Grades & Applications
Product rangeRanging from 65 to 400 g/m2500
700
900
1000
1500
2000
3000
4000
4500
1300
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TERRAM DATA SHEETS
TERRAM Filtration Separation Confinement Typical applications
500 filters
700 Drainage trenches
1000Trenches, river works
roads,embankments,
1300
Roads, embankments
1500
2000Roads, embankments, railways,
marine works
3000
4000 Roads, embankments, railways,
marine works, membrane
protection4500
Product‟s performances
Design tools
Just an example about the designing of TERRAM® in a
road separation application….
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Main applications
- Road construction
- Railway construction
- Drainage trenches
- River protection
- Costal protection
- On-shore structures
- Environmental applications
- Geomembrane protection
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Soil stabilitation (Sub-Surface Drainage)
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Soil stabilitation
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Embankments
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Access Roads
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Main Roads
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Main Roads
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Drainage Trench
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RE WALL
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Landfill(Geomembrane Protection)
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Erosion Control
- Shore/Costal Protection
- River & Canal Bank Protection
- On-shore structures
- River Revetments
- Dams & Flood Defence Bunds
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PROBLEMS:
1. River and Canal Banks are subject to wave actions, i.e. reversing
flow conditions .It is this dynamic erosive force that undermines
bank stability and effects channel flow and/or navigability
2. On Coastlines, the three key agents of erosion are :
- Waves & Tides Eroding the shoreline
- Waves and tidal scour take the eroded sediment away from
the coast
- Currents sweep the displaced material out to the sea.
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Solutions :
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River Revtments
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River Revtments
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Shore/Coastal Protection
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Shore/Coastal Protection
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Shore/Coastal Protection
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Shore/Coastal Protection(Temporary Work)
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River- Canal Protection
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River- Canal Protection
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On Shore Protection
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Dams Construction
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Dams Construction
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Advantage of Geosynthetics
Geotextile filter, being permeable allows water to pass
through releasing water pressure but prevents soil erosion.
With specialised built- in factory –controlled Hydraulic and
filtration properties a single layer of geotextile can replace a
succession of stone filter layers.
working under water is much easier because the filter system
can be assembled above the water and lowered into position
with less time being used.
Geotextiles is easier to install either manually or mechanically.
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Required characteristics of the
filtering geosynthetic
The filtering geosynthetic was designed in order to achieve
the following purposes:
- Good filtering capacity (Appropriate Hydraulic properties)
- Impact resistance (must be Robust)
- Holding resistance
- Resistance to the construction stress (Good Puncture & Tear Strengths)
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In House -Product Testing
Tensile Tester
Thickness Guage
Specimen Cutting Press
Water Flow determinationCBR Puncture Test
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Certification & Associations
ISO 9001 – 2008
Member of International Geosynthetic Society (IGS)
- Indian Chapter
Indian Road Congress (IRC)
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Terram Product Range
Terram B1, C1 ,D1 & E1 Terram 1B1, 1C1, 1D1 & 1E1
GeoComposites :
(a) Drainage Composites
Terram 1BZ Terram DC-1C, DC-1D & DC-1E
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Geotextile filter is a very important component of Drainage
Composite. The Heat-Bonded geotextile on Terram 1BZ outperforms
other geotextiles by providing:-
• Higher chemical resistance
• Higher modulus
• Higher available strength at working strains
• Higher elongation at break
• Higher resistance to installation damage
• Constant hydraulic properties over a period of time
Advantages
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Terram Product Range
GeoComposites :
(b) Permanent Way („PW‟ Range of Products) for Railways
PW-2PW-3
PW-4
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Permanent Way („PW‟ Range of Products)
Railways :
The use of Geosynthetics in cost effective track structure design
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Railways
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Geosynthetics
- Why remains Untapped Potential ?
Or
- Reasons for Low Growth in India ?
? ? ?
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- Lack of proper awareness and Close interactions and participation between manufacturer/Supplier, Design consultant/specifiers & end user (Civil Contractors, Govt. authorities etcs.).
- Non availability of dedicated Indian code i.e Dependency on foreign code
- State level agencies lack awareness and many of Govt. agencies remain oblivious about the new products including Geo-synthetics due to improper information , lack of knowledge for advantages of use, low budget etc.
- Preparedness of end users designers to go with traditional ways or custom made solutions.
- Lack of proper testing and evaluation
- Non-availability of trained and experienced Staff.
Hurdles Observed
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- Unified Indian code, Specification is the need of the hour.
- The use of Geosynthetic should be mandatory as it’s now proven technology – This means inclusion in all SOR’s , guidelines etc.
- To conduct practical training, Seminars and Exhibitions.
-Manufacturer should step forward with best quality with proper testing at economical cost – This also means best cost needs high volumes as well.
- Availability of proper testing at National level.
- To generate technically trained personnel. - Geosynthetic should be included as a subject
or course at BE level.
Some Thoughts / Visions / Paths
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Contact Us
Terram Geosynthetics Pvt Ltd.
Office:
A 704 Safal Pegasus,
Anandnagar Road,
Ahmedabad, 380 015.
Gujarat, India.
Tel. : + 91-79-40064529
Fax : + 91-79-40064528
Email : [email protected],
Web : www.terramgeosynthetics.com
Web : www.terram.com
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THANK YOU
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ATTENTION
“JAI HIND”