GEOSYNTHETICS ENGINEERING: IN THEORY AND PRACTICE
Prof. J. N. Mandal
Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay, Powai , Mumbai 400076, India. Tel.022-25767328email: [email protected] URL - http://www.civil.iitb.ac.in/~cejnm/
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
LECTURE- 1INTRODUCTION
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
NOTICE
The content of this course reflects the views and opinion of thevarious authors. It does not constitute a standard, specificationor regulation. Nobody will be liable or responsible for anydamage caused to anyone by the use of the content of thiscourse.
COURSE NAME: GEOSYNTHETICS ENGINEERING: IN THEORY AND PRACTICE
Module Contents
1. IntroductionBackground of reinforced earth, mechanism and
concepts, Basis of reinforced earth wall design
2. An overview of Geosynthetic
Geosynthetics classifications, functions, applications,raw materials used. Different types of Geosynthetics,manufacturing, system, Design and sustainability
3. Geosynthetic Testing
Various properties of Geosynthetics, physicalproperties, mechanical properties, hydraulic properties& endurance properties, Nano material
Course content
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Module Contents
4.Geosynthetic in filtration, drainage and erosion
control
Mechanism of filtration and drainage functions &their applications, Design step for erosioncontrol and geocomposite drainage
5.Geosynthetic in pavement
Mechanisms and concept of pavement, designof unpaved road, Giroud and Noiray method,U.S. Forest services, airfield pavement design,reflection cracking, pavement rehabilitation andrepair, Nano material
6.Geosynthetic Reinforced soil retaining wall
Different types of facing elements, constructionprocedure, cost, design of Geosynthetics wraparound faced wall, geogrid reinforced soil walls,geocell wall, gabion wall
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Module Contents7.Geosynthetic in
Reinforced soil slopes
Model for single and multi-layer reinforced slopes,guidelines for design of reinforced slopes, softwarefor reinforced soil slopes
8.Geosynthetic in embankment
Design of basal reinforced embankment, placementof Geosynthetics, construction procedure, wideningof existing road embankments
9.Geosynthetic in ground improvement
Consolidation techniques, Development of designchart for prefabricated vertical drains, groundinstrumentation and monitoring, Design of encasedstone columns, geocell/geofoam systems
10.Geosynthetic in Bearing capacity
Bearing capacity of Geosynthetics reinforced soilsystem, geocell reinforced sand overlaying soft clay
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Module Content
11.Geosynthetic in geotextile tube
Geotextile tubes, geotextile containers, geotextilebags, dewatering waste and contaminatedsediments, installation and design of geotextiletube
12.Geosynthetic in landfill
Design of landfill liner, veneer slope stability withoutand with seismic analysis, run out length,settlement of landfill, advantage of LSS model
13.Geosynthetic in geofoam
Applications, advantage, function of geofoam,physical, mechanical and thermal properties ofgeofoam, design of embankment using geofoam,geofoam reinforced soil walls, New light weight fillmaterial
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Koerner, R. M. (2012). Designing with Geosynthetics, 6thEdition, Vol. 1 and 2, Xlibris corp., 914 p.
Giroud, J. P. (1984). “Geotextiles and Geomembranes.Definitions, Properties and Design,” Selected Papers,Revisions and Comments, 4th ed., IFAI Publishers, 325 p.
Holtz, R. D., Christopher, B. R. and Berg, R. R. (1997)Geosynthetic engineering, Bitech publishers Ltd., 452p.
Hausmann, M. R. (1990). Engineering Principles ofGround Modification, McGraw-Hill Publishing Company,New York, 632 p.
Ingold, T. S. (1982). Reinforced Earth, Thomas TelfordLtd., London, 141 p.
RFERENCES:
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Das B. M. (2008). Advanced Soil mechanics, Taylor andFracis Group, London, 2nd Edition.
Christopher, B. R., Holtz, R. D. and DiMaggio, J. A. (1984).Geotextile Engineering Manual, No. DTFH 61-80-C-00094,Washington, DC, Federal Highway Administration,1044 p.
Holtz, R. D., Christophers, B. R. and Berg, R. R. (TechnicalConsultant: DiMaggio) (1998). Geosynthetics Design andConstruction Guidelines, U.S. Department of Transportation,Washington, DC, FHWA-HI-98-038, 460 p.
Van Zanten, R. V., Ed. (1986). Geotextiles andGeomembranes in Civil Engineering, Rotterdam: A. A.Balkema, 658 p.
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Pilarezyk, K. W. Ed. (2000). Geosynthetics andGeosystems in Hydraulic and coastal engineering,Balkema, 913p.
Rankilor, P. R. (1981). Membranes in Ground Engineering,New York: J. Wiley, 377 p.
Horvath, J. S. (1995). Geofoam Geosynthetic, Scarsdale,NY: Horvath Engineering P.C., 217p.
Mandal, J. N., Ed. (1988). “Reinforced Soil and Geotextile,”Oxford and IBH Publishing Company Private Limited, NewDelhi.
Mandal, J. N. and Divshikar, D. G. (2002). “A Guide toGeotextiles Testing,” NEW AGE International PrivateLimited Publisher, New Delhi.
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Mandal, J. N., Ed. (1994). “Geosynthetics World,” NEWAGE International Private Limited Publisher, New Delhi.
Mandal, J. N. and Choudhury, D., Ed. (2004). InternationalConference on Geosynthetics and GeoenvironmentalEngineering, ICGGE 2004, Quest publications, Mumbai,India.
Mandal, J. N. and Divshikar, D. G. (1994). “Soil Testing inCivil Engineering,” Oxford and IBH Publishing CompanyPrivate Limited, New Delhi.
Venkatappa, R. G. and Suryanarayana, R. G. V. S., Eds.(1990). Engineering with Geosynthetics, Tata McGraw Hill,New Delhi.
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Das, B. M. (2002). Principles of Geotechnical EngineeringCENGAGE Learning, Fifth edition, 589 p.
U.S. Environmental protection Agency (1979), “Design andConstruction for solid waste landfills”, publication No. EPA-600/2-79-165, Cincinnati, Ohio.
“Encyclopedia of Environmental Control Technology,”Volume 9, Geotechnical Applications Leak DetectionTreatment Options, Paul N. Cheremisinoff, Editor, 1989.
Chapter 8: “Preservation of the Environmental Pollution UsingGeosynthetic Waste Containment Systems” by Prof. J. N.Mandal, pp. 277-308, Gulf Publishing Company, Houston,Texas, USA.
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
“Geosynthetics Case Histories”, editors: Raymond, G. P. andGiroud, J.P., on behalf of ISSMFE TC9 on Geotextiles andGeosynthetics, March 1993, 277 p. (Prof. J. N. Mandal isone of the members of ISSMFE technical committee TC9 ongeotextiles and geosynthetics)
“Geosynthetics Bibliography,” volumes 1 and 2, Conferences(1993), by J.P. Giroud with cooperation of J. F. Beech andA. Khatami, Geosyntec Consultants, Published under theauspices of the international geotextile society, by theIndustrial Fabrics Association International. (From India,Prof. J.N. Mandal gave abundant quality information aboutIndian geosynthetics literature.)
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Official Journals of the IGS:
Prof. R. J. Bathurst, ed. Geosynthetics International,Thomas Telford Ltd. (Chair: Dr. J. P. Giroud)
Prof. R. Kerry Rowe., ed. Geotextiles and Geomembranes,Elsevier Applied Science Publishers (Chair: Dr. J. P. Giroud)
Additional Readings: International/ National Journals,Conferences etc. and any other books/ texts related onGeosynthetics and other related products
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
ASTM Standards on Geosynthetics, USA, 1996, pp. 837-1147.
AASHTO (1997), Standard specifications for geotextiles-M 288,Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods ofsampling and testing, 18th edition, American Association of statetransportation and highway officials, Washington, D.C., 1997.
BS.8006.1995 “Code of practice for Strengthened/ reinforced soils andother fills” British Standards and Institution. U.K.
BS.8006-1. 2010 “Code of practice for Strengthened/reinforced soilsand other fills” British Standards and Institution. U.K.
Mechanically stabilized earth walls and reinforced soil slopes: Designand construction guidelines (FHWA, 2001).
Design manual for segmental retaining walls, NCMA Design manual,1996.
Segmental retaining walls – seismic design manual, Dr. R. J. Bathurst.
Codes and Design Standards
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Audience/ Target Group
This course will be very useful to
Undergraduate and post graduate students of civilengineering.
Geosynthetic/ geotechnical/ textile/ polymer/ consulting/practicing engineers/ government officials/ policy and decisionmakers/ implementation/ NGO’s.
Professors as well as specifiers, project designers,distributors, contractors and manufacturers.
Pre-requisite: Viewer’s Knowledge of Basic Soil Mechanicsand Foundation Engineering/ Geotechnical Engineering.
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Why do you need to study“GEOSYNTHETIC ENGINEERING: IN THEORY ANDPRACTICE” ?
To aim to be world-class Center of Excellence in innovativedesign, analysis and failure of geosynthetic elements andother related products for the benefit of the mankind aroundthe world.
Enhancing how elementary theoretical knowledge andobservation of engineering performance assist and inspirecreativity in the rational application of geosyntheticengineering systems.
Aim and objective:
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
In the past few years, the development of geosynthetic haveemerged an exciting engineering materials for massiveinfrastructure applications in India and delivers high valueadded solutions in the whole gamut of the followingGeosynthetics Engineering areas:
Geotechnical Engineering
Transportation Engineering
Geo environmental Engineering
Coastal/Hydraulics/Water Resources Engineering
Mining Engineering, and
Agricultural EngineeringProf. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Look at these pictures……
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Failure of keystone walls during the 1999 ChiChi Earthquake, Taiwan
Geotechnical Engineering
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Failure of Reinforced Soil wall (metallic strips) near Kolkata
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Failure of Geogrid Reinforced Soil Walls
Failure of Gabion wall in Sahara Mumbai
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Reinforced Slope Failure during Chichi Earthquake (September 21, 1999 ) (After Lawson-2002)
Four reinforced tire, 40 m in height, Allslope height of max 80 m
Maximum reinforced zone Width of 13m in the bottom tire and this decrease toonly 4 m in the top tire.
A major earthquake of magnitude 7.6struck. During strong ground motions thereinforced soil moves outwards anddown the toe slope.
Bottom 2 tires sliding horizontallyoutward and down the toe slope (15m)slumping into the void left behind
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Transportation Engineering
Unpaved Road (After G. V. Rao)
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Pot hole/ Reflection crackingProf. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Water logging in road
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Channel erosion damage caused by inadequate filter beneath hard armor
Slopes and Channels:
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Water seepage through the Dam
Tunnel Rehabilitation excessive leakage can lead to instability
SAN FIORANO, ITALY
(After Koerner, R. M., GSI/ GRI)Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Disaster Management - Flood
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
HIMALAYAN TSUNAMI
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Failure of geotextile tubeProf. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
MIRAFI
The raging currentRiver Ouveze, Europe, 1992 15 m high wall
of water
38 dead
The fury waves 1300 dead from
Hurricane David (1979)
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Open Sanitary landfill, Okhla(Photograph by J. N. Mandal)
GEO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
Mumbai (Devanar) Landfill(Courtesy Photograph byB. S. Patil)
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Mumbai (Mulund) Landfill(Courtesy Photograph byB. S. Patil)
Koerner, R. M. (GSI/ GRI)
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Please let us hear from you
Any question?
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Prof. J. N. Mandal
Department of civil engineering, IIT Bombay, Powai , Mumbai 400076, India. Tel.022-25767328email: [email protected]
Prof. J. N. Mandal, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay