Why Analyze DNA?Why Analyze DNA?
Check for diseasesCheck for diseases Identify parentsIdentify parentsCrime scene investigationsCrime scene investigationsDevelop nutrient rich foodDevelop nutrient rich food
Selective BreedingSelective Breeding
Allowing animals with only desired Allowing animals with only desired characteristics to breedcharacteristics to breed
Development of different dog breedsDevelopment of different dog breeds
How are changes made to DNA?How are changes made to DNA?
Scientists use their knowledge of the structure Scientists use their knowledge of the structure of DNA and its chemical properties to study and of DNA and its chemical properties to study and change DNA molecules change DNA molecules
Different techniques are used to extract DNA Different techniques are used to extract DNA from cells, to cut DNA into smaller pieces, to from cells, to cut DNA into smaller pieces, to identify the sequence of bases in a DNA identify the sequence of bases in a DNA molecule, and to make unlimited copies of DNA molecule, and to make unlimited copies of DNA
Genetic EngineeringGenetic Engineering
process of making process of making changes in the changes in the DNA code of living DNA code of living organismsorganisms
Example: Rice Example: Rice genetically genetically engineered to engineered to contain added contain added nutrientsnutrients
DNA AnalysisDNA AnalysisDNA can be extracted from a cell and cut apart DNA can be extracted from a cell and cut apart
for analysisfor analysisThe The DNA fragments can be separated and DNA fragments can be separated and
analyzed in a procedure known as analyzed in a procedure known as gel gel electrophoresiselectrophoresis
DNA CopiesDNA Copies
In order to study genes copies must be In order to study genes copies must be mademade
polymerase chain reaction (PCR)polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a is a technique that allows molecular biologists technique that allows molecular biologists to make many copies of a particular geneto make many copies of a particular gene
Often used in police investigationsOften used in police investigations
Making Copies of OrganismsMaking Copies of Organisms
A A cloneclone is a member of a population of is a member of a population of genetically identical cells produced from a genetically identical cells produced from a single cellsingle cell
Who’s your daddy?Who’s your daddy?DNA is passed from parents to offspringDNA is passed from parents to offspringYou are a genetic combination of your mother You are a genetic combination of your mother
and your fatherand your fatherThe reason you look similar to your parents is The reason you look similar to your parents is
because you have a higher percentage of because you have a higher percentage of similar DNA. Remember DNA codes for amino similar DNA. Remember DNA codes for amino acids which codes for protein productionacids which codes for protein production
DNA of parents and their offspring is a closer DNA of parents and their offspring is a closer match than the DNA of non family membersmatch than the DNA of non family members