Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 14 Lecture
Essentials of Genetics
Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Transposition
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
14.1 Mutations Are Classified in Various Ways
• Spontaneous and Induced Mutations
• Classification Based on Location of Mutation • Somatic• Germline• Autosomal• X-linked
• Mutations are also classified as dominant versus recessive
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
14.1 Mutations Are Classified in Various Ways
• Classification Based on Phenotypic Effects• Loss-of-function
• Gain-of-function• Morphological• Nutritional• Behavioral• Lethal• Conditional
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 15.1
Classification Based on Type of Molecular Change
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
14.2 Spontaneous Mutations Arise from Replication Errors and Base Modifications
• DNA Replication Errors
• Replication Slippage
• Tautomeric Shifts
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 15.2
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 15.2a
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 15.2b
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 15.3
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
14.2 Spontaneous Mutations Arise from Replication Errors and Base Modifications
Depurination and Deamination
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 15.4
Deamination
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
14.2 Spontaneous Mutations Arise from Replication Errors and Base Modifications
Oxidative Damage
Transposons
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
14.3 Induced Mutations Arise from DNA Damage Caused by Chemicals and Radiation
Base Analogs:•Compounds that can substitute for purines or pyrimidines during biosynthesis of amino acids.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
15.3 Induced Mutations Arise from DNA Damage Caused by Chemicals and Radiation
Alkylating Agents:• Mustard gas is an example of an alkylating
agent that adds alkyl groups to the purine or pyrimidine of the nucleotide.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
crosslinks
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Acridine Dyes and Frameshift Mutations
Intercalating agents
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Acridine Dyes and Frameshift Mutations
Acridine Dyes•Cause frameshift mutations.•These agents form a wedge between purines and pyrimidines of intact DNA.•This contorts the helix and can lead to deletions or insertions.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 15.7
Ultraviolet Light
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 15.8
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
15.3 Induced Mutations Arise from DNA Damage Caused by Chemicals and Radiation
Ionizing Radiation
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 15.9
Ionizing Radiation
![[HMG] 04 - Gene Evolution · Genome EvolutionGenome Evolution [Gene Evolution] Genome changes • Mutation • Recombination • Transposition • Gene transfer (e.g., between organelles](https://static.cupdf.com/doc/110x72/5f1a27241c38cf435819dbb5/hmg-04-gene-evolution-genome-evolutiongenome-evolution-gene-evolution-genome.jpg)
