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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
1992 L.A. Riots Victim Analysis
Prepared for Professor David Grabelski
Report created by James Gallagher Friday December 17, 2010
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
Synopsis of the Investigation The 1992 Los Angeles riots was sparked on April 29, 1992 when a mostly white jury acquitted four police officers accused in
the videotaped beating of black motorist Rodney King, after he fled from police. Thousands of people in Los Angeles joined in what has often been characterized as a race riot, or a mini-civil war, involving acts of law-breaking compounded by existing racial tensions, including looting, arson and murder. In summary;
53 people died during the riots 4 thousand injured 12,000 people arrested 1,100 buildings destroyed $1.4 billion in property damage
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
About this Report This report seeks to analyze the time, movement, behavior, target and offenders involved in the L.A. Riots. By utilizing
Microsoft Excel, Google Earth, i2 Analyst Notebook 8.5 and other tools, the analyst will report key facts and analytical findings from the provided dataset, which can be viewed at the end of this report.
The raw data from the police reports was first categorized into columns in Microsoft Excel. After organizing the data, the analyst went about creating pivot charts in Excel. After analyzing the data in Excel, the data was imported into Google Earth to analyze the spatial movement of the crimes. Next, the analyst imported the geo data into Geocommons to analyze any patterns in the occurrences of the crimes. Census data from 1990 was then layered into Google Earth using Social Explorer to analyze the deaths of the victims in relation to their native demographic areas.
Lastly, the refined data was imported into i2 Analyst Notebook 8.5. The data was laid out into theme lines. All of the event frames in i2 were given controlling times. The data was then analyzed with the heat matrix feature from i2. Most of the analytical findings were made using the heat matrix feature in i2 Analyst Notebook 8.5. The report and analytical findings were finally published in Microsoft Office.
James E. Gallagher
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
Table of Contents
P.5
P.11
P.10-11
P.13
P.17-23
P.14
About the L.A Riots
Male vs. Female
Victim Overview Chart
Victims Broken down by Race
What Ethnicities were Killed During Night and Day and Other Charts
When and How certain Ethnicities were killed
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
Mapping the L.A Riots
i2 Heat Matrix Analysis
i2 Theme Line Analysis
Microsoft Excel Worksheet
Resources
Acknowledgements
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P.41
P.34
P.50
P.60
P.59
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
About the L.A Riots
WHO A total of 53 people lost their lives during the L.A Riot. In total, 26 African Americans, 17 Hispanics, 7 Caucasians, 2 Asians and 1 Middle Eastern lost their lives. Several law enforcement departments aside from L.A.P.D were involved. In addition, the National `Guard was brought in to assist.
WHAT After Rodney King resisted arrest from Police officers, he was beaten. The beating was caught on film. The officers who took part in the beating were taken to court, but found not guilty. This resulted in an upheaval of the African American community. Violence spread out of the African community, and into the Hispanic areas of the city. Soon, the entire city was caught in the race riot.
WHEN The first killing of the riot occurred on Wednesday 4/29/1992 at 1930 hours. The last killing occurred on Sunday 5/3/1992 at 1940 hours. The L.A. Riot took place over a five day period.
37 of the crimes (70%) took place in Los Angeles. 4 of the crimes (8%) took place in Compton. 2 crimes took place in East Hollywood. 10 other cities each experienced one crime.
WHERE
How Most of the crimes were black on black or Hispanic on black. 37 of the crimes (68%) were carried out with a firearm. In 5 of the crimes (9%), a vehicle was used. In 5 other crimes (9%), fire was the causes of death. 4 of the crimes were carried out with a blunt object/blunt force trauma.
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
Analytical Findings Target
African American’s accounted for almost half (49%) of all the deaths during the L.A. Riot. Hispanics made up 32% of the total deaths in the riot.
Most African American’s were killed by a gunshot wound (GSW). Hispanics come in behind African Americans in number of deaths from GSWs. The next most prominent M.O.’s are vehicles.
85% of African Americans were killed at night. 71% of Hispanics were also killed at night.
African American’s account for 49% of the total deaths in the L.A. Riot, with 41% of the African American deaths resulting in a homicide ruling by the coroner. Hispanics account for 28% of homicides from coroners ruling.
Time
The most violent hours over the five day span of the L.A. Riot were all on Thursday 4/30/1992. The times are 1800 – 2000 hours, 2000 – 2200 hours and 0000 – 0200 hours.
African Americans took the major onslaught of the riot in the very beginning, ranging from 0800 hours, Thursday 4/30/1992 – 0000 hours, Friday 5/1/1992 .
Most African Americans, Hispanics and Caucasians died on Thursday 4/30/1992.
40% of GSW victims died between the hours of 1200 and 0000 on Thursday 4/30/1992.
The majority of the deaths in the L.A. Riot occurred between the hours of 1100 – 2300 Thursday 4/30/1992.
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
Spatial
Most of the deaths occurred in the downtown L.A. region.
Most all African Americans died within their own demographic area.
The close proximity within the African American population and the Hispanic population may have led to the high casualty rate between both races.
Most of the Hispanic deaths were not a result from violence in the Hispanic neighborhood. Most Hispanics were dying in the predominantly African American demographic areas, or the border between the African American and Hispanic populations. Hispanics deaths are due to violence stemming from the African American demographic areas.
Those that lived in the lower demographic areas lower class were more likely to riot that the more wealthy.
Behavior
Most African American’s were killed by a firearm (50%). Hispanics come in behind African Americans in number of deaths from firearms (31%). The total number of those that died from firearms is 68%. The next most prominent M.O.’s are vehicles, which make up a total of 9% of all M.O.s.
73% of the deaths that occurred during day time were with a firearm. Only 68% of the deaths at night resulted from a firearm.
34% of the DA's rulings were homicides. 43% of the DA’s rulings were murder. 13% were deemed accidents.
From the DA’s ruling, 56% of the homicides are from African Americans. Hispanics account for 33% of the homicides. Caucasians account for 6% of homicides.
The majority of the deaths in the L.A. Riot occurred between the hours of 1100 – 2300 Thursday 4/30/1992.
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
Offender
58% of the total cases, are closed. 22 cases, or 42% of the total cases, are still open.
Thursday was the peak day for justified and unknown cases. Thursday accounts for 45% of justified killings and unknown suspects.
Overall, Friday and Saturday both have the most identified offenders, accounting for 67% of total identified offenders. Wednesday and Thursday both have the least identified offenders
Most of the killings during the L.A. Riots were justified homicides by law enforcement and the National Guard. Not including the unknown offenders (n/a), 62% of the killings were justified killings made by law and military officials.
19% of the identified suspects are African American.
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
5
48
Male vs. Female
91% of the victims in the L.A. Riots were male, while 9% where female
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
3
2
AfricanAmericanFemale
HispanicFemale
23
2
7
15
1
AfricanAmerican Male
Asian Male
Caucasian Male
Hispanic Male
Middle EasternMale
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
26
2
7
17
1
African American
Asian
Caucasian
Hispanic
Middle Eastern
Victims broken down by Race
As seen on the chart below and the chart to the right, African American’s accounted for almost half of all the deaths during the L.A. Riot. Hispanics made up
32% of the total deaths in the riot.
Row Labels Count of Race by %African American 26 49%Asian 2 4%Caucasian 7 13%Hispanic 17 32%Middle Eastern 1 2%Grand Total 53 100%
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
1
3 1
3 1 1
1 1
6 1
1 9
3
2
2 4
1 3 1
1
1 1 1 2
1 1
Wed
Thur
Fri
Sat
Sun
What Ethnicities were Killed on Certain Days and How?
As demonstrated by the chart, Most African American’s were killed by a gunshot wound (GSW). Hispanics come in behind African
Americans in number of deaths from GSWs. The next most prominent M.O.’s are vehicles.
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
Hispanic
African American
Caucasian
Asian
What Ethnicities were Killed During Night and Day
This chart depicts how many of the victims were killed in either night or daytime, and how they were killed. 85% of African Americans were
killed at night. 71% of Hispanics were also killed at night.
85%
71%
Middle Eastern
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
Who was Killed During Night and Day and How?
This chart depicts how many of the victims were killed in either night or daytime, and how they were killed. 73% of the deaths that
occurred during day time were with a firearm. Only 68% of the deaths at night resulted from a firearm.
73%
68%
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
As demonstrated by the chart, Most African American’s were killed by a firearm (50%). Hispanics come in behind
African Americans in number of deaths from firearms (31%). The total number of those that died from firearms
is 68%. The next most prominent M.O.’s are vehicles, which make up a total of 9% of all M.O.s.
What M.O.s Killed the Most people in a certain Ethnicity
85% 31%
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
7
5
18
23
Accident
Arson
Homicide
Murder
Row Labels Count of DA's RulingAccident 7 13%Arson 5 9%Homicide 18 34%Murder 23 43%Grand Total 53
District Attorney’s Ruling by Crime
This chart categorizes the DA’s ruling crime. 34% of the rulings were homicides. 43% of the DA’s rulings
were murder. 13% were deemed accidents.
10
14
8 African American
Asian
Caucasian
Hispanic
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
Accident Homicide Accident Homicide Accident Homicide Homicide HomicideAfrican American Hispanic Caucasian Asian Middle Eastern
Total 4 22 2 15 1 6 2 1
0
5
10
15
20
25
Coroners Ruling of Victim’s Death
As demonstrated by the chart, African American’s account for 49% of the total deaths in the L.A. Riot, with 41% of the African American
deaths resulting in a homicide ruling by the coroner. Hispanics account for 28% of homicides from coroners ruling.
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
Accident Arson Homicide Murder Accident Arson Homicide Murder Accident Arson Homicide Murder Homicide Murder Arson
African American Hispanic Caucasian Asian MiddleEastern
Total 4 2 10 10 2 1 6 8 1 1 1 4 1 1 1
4
2
10 10
21
6
8
1 1 1
4
1 1 10
2
4
6
8
10
12 African American Accident
African American Arson
African American Homicide
African American Murder
Hispanic Accident
Hispanic Arson
Hispanic Homicide
Hispanic Murder
Caucasian Accident
Caucasian Arson
Caucasian Homicide
Caucasian Murder
Asian Homicide
Asian Murder
Middle Eastern Arson
African Americans Hispanics Caucasian Asian
District Attorney’s Ruling of Victim’s Death
This chart categorizes the DA’s ruling by race. 56% of the homicides are from African Americans. Hispanics account for 33% of the homicides.
Caucasians account for 6% of homicides
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
31
22
Case Status
ClosedOpen
How many of the cases are Opened or Closed
As seen in the chart, 31 cases, or 58% of the total cases, are closed. 22 cases, or 42% of the total cases, are still open.
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
1 12 2
1 1
12
1 12
3
1
7
12
3 3
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Wed Thu Fri Sun Wed Thu Fri Wed Thu Fri Sat
Identified Justified n/a UNK
Number of Suspects Identified or UNK from each Day Identified Wed
Identified Thu
Identified Fri
Identified Sat
Justified Sun
Justified Wed
Justified Thu
Justified Fri
n/a Sun
n/a Wed
n/a Thu
n/a Fri
UNK Wed
UNK Thu
UNK Fri
UNK Sat
Identified, Justified and Unknown crimes
As seen in the chart, Thursday was the peak day for justified and unknown cases. Thursday accounts for 45% of justified killings and unknown suspects. Overall, Friday and Saturday both have the most identified offenders, accounting for 67% of total identified offenders. Wednesday and Thursday both
have the least identified offenders
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
Row Labels Count of Law Enforcment and Race of SuspectAfrican American 4Hispanic 1Law Enforcment 2Law Enforcment (LAPD) 9n/a 32National Guardsman 2Storekeeper 2Unknown 1Grand Total 53
4 1
11
32
2 2 1
African American
Hispanic
Law Enforcment
n/a
National Guardsman
Storekeeper
Unknown
9
2
Law Enforcment (LAPD)
Local Law Enforcment
Who are the Suspects
Most of the killings during the L.A. Riots were justified homicides by law enforcement and the National Guard. Not including the
unknown offenders (n/a), 62% of the killings were justified killings made by law and military officials. 19% of the identified suspects
are African American.
19% 62%
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
Mapping the L.A. Riots
The 53 deaths in the L.A. Riot took place over 13 different cities. However, 70% of the crimes took place in downtown L.A. The following maps in the report are plotted with the locations of the crime. The maps are then layered with demographic date from the 1990 census. Race and poverty layers were layered into Google Earth to analyze the locations of the deaths in correlation with patterns from the layers. The tolls used for analyzing the geo data are Google Earth, Geocommons and Social Explorer. The legends for all the maps are below. The circles are the location of the crime. The color of the circle dictates what day the crime happened.
Tools Used
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
Circles on map
Legend for Demographics Map
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
Crime Broken Down by City
The graph below breaks down the crimes by what city they occurred in. 70% of the crimes occurred in Los Angeles, while 8% occurred in Compton.
1
4 21
1
11
1
37
11 1 1 Altadena
Compton
East Hollywood
Hawthorne
Huntigton Park
Ladera Heights
Lennox
Long Beach
Los Angeles
Mission Hills
Pasadena
Pomona
West Los Angeles
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
This map from Google Earth shows all the crimes that occurred and what day they took place.
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
Circles on map
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
Circles on map
Map: African American Population Layer vs. African American Deaths The circles on this map are only those that are African Americans. This layer shows African American population density in the city of Los Angeles in 1990. As the map demonstrates, almost all African Americans died in their own demographic area. Analytical Finding: Most all African Americans died within their own demographic area.
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
Circles on map
Map: Hispanic Population Layer vs. African American Deaths The circles on this map are only those that are African Americans. However, this layer shows African American deaths that occurred in close proximity with a heavy Hispanic population
Analytical Finding: The close proximity within the African American population and the Hispanic population
may have led to the high casualty rate between both races.
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
Map: Hispanic Population Layer vs. Hispanic Deaths The circles on this map are only those that are Hispanics. This layer shows Hispanic population density in the city of Los Angeles in 1990. However, the Hispanic deaths did not occur in their predominant demographic area.
Analytical Finding: Most of the Hispanic deaths were not a result from violence in the Hispanic neighborhood. Most Hispanics
were dying in the predominantly African American demographic areas, or the border between the African American and Hispanic populations. Hispanics deaths are due to violence stemming from the African American demographic areas.
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
Circles on map
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
Two Caucasian victims as seen over the African American layer
African American Layer
Map: Caucasian Population Layer vs. Caucasian Deaths The circles on this map are only those that are Caucasian. This layer shows Caucasian population density in the city of Los Angeles in 1990. Two of the Caucasian deaths did not occur in predominantly Caucasian demographic areas.
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
Circles on map
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
Circles on map
Map: Poverty Population Layer vs. All Deaths The circles on this map are all deaths during the L.A. Riot. This map demonstrates that most of the deaths occurred in impoverished areas.
Analytical Finding: Those that live in the lower demographic areas/ lower class were more likely to riot then the more wealthy.
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
Mapping the L.A. Riots with Geocommons
Geocommons is a mapping tool that can visualize data from an excel spreadsheet. The locations of the 53 victims were imported into geocommons to analyze the order in which the deaths occurred. There is no clear order or pattern in which the deaths occurred. However, most of the deaths occurred in the downtown L.A. region.
Type in the link below to view the occurrence in which the 53 deaths occurred.
http://geocommons.com/maps/40681
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
Legend
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
Theme Line Analysis of L.A. Riot Victims4
The following theme lines and event frames were automatically imported from an excel spreadsheet utilizing i2 Analyst Notebook 8.5. On the top of the event frames there is a time bar. The black arrow on the time bar shows the date and time that the incident in the event frame occurred. A blue arrow would indicate that two or more events occurred at that certain time. To read the event frames in correct chronological order, follow the event frames across the page on to the next one, and then restart at the bottom of the previous page.
Follow these steps to correctly read the theme lines. You can also follow the time bar as a
guide to know where in you in the dataset.
1 2
3 4
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
How to read an Event Frame
Victims Name
Victims Name
Asian
AfricanAmericans
Indian Caucasian
Hispanics
Legend
Location of Victims Body
Date and time of crime/body discovered
M.O. Race Age
Time Bar
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
`
Wed
Thur
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
`
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
Heat Analysis of L.A. Riot Victims
The heat matrix is a new feature in i2 Analyst Notebook 8.5 that allows the analysts to visually depict data on a spreadsheet. In addition, the analyst can play their link chart like a movie to analyze patterns in a certain sequence of events. The heat matrix charts provided in this report analyze race, MOS, age, hour and day of the week. The x-axis on all of the heat matrix charts in this report contain only date and time. The y-axis is the only data set that changes from chart to chart. Note: All of the bar graphs in the charts are in two hour intervals.
Y-axis
Legend
X-axis
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
Heat Matrix Analysis: L.A. Riot broken down into 2-hour intervals This heat matrix chart analyzes the most violent hours over a five day span of the L.A. Riot. As demonstrated by this chart, the three most violent hours of the L.A. Riot are listed as follows. Note: the three red bars in the bar graph are the violent hours.
2000 – 2200 hours, Thursday 4/29/1992 0000 – 0200 hours, Thursday 4/30/1992
1800 – 2000 hours, Thursday 4/30/1992
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
Heat Matrix Analysis: Day of the Week This heat matrix demonstrates the same finding as the previous heat matrix chart. The three most violent hours of the L.A. Riots were;
2000 – 2200 hours, Thursday 4/29/1992 0000 – 0200 hours, Thursday 4/30/1992 1800 – 2000 hours, Thursday 4/30/1992
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
Heat Matrix Analysis: L.A. Riot broken down by race This heat matrix demonstrates which races were killed during the entire span of the L.A. Riot. This chart visually demonstrates that;
African Americans took the major onslaught of the riot in the very beginning, ranging from 0800 hours, Thursday 4/30/1992 – 0000 hours, Friday 5/1/1992
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
Heat Matrix Analysis: Race Broken Down into Day of the Week This heat matrix demonstrates the same information as the previous heat matrix. However, instead of the data being filtered by two hour intervals, it is filtered by day. Again, this heat matrix visually demonstrates that African Americans took the major onslaught of the riot on Thursday 4/30/1992.
Most African Americans, Hispanics and Caucasians died on Thursday 4/30/1992
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
Heat Matrix Analysis: M.O. Broken Down in 2-Hour Intervals This heat matrix demonstrates what M.O.’s were being used every two hours of the L.A. Riot. This heat matrix demonstrates that most victims died by wounds received from firearms.
40% of GSW victims died between the hours of 1200 and 0000 on 4/30/1992 (a 12 hour period that is shown in the red graph)
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 617
13192531374349
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
Heat Matrix Analysis: MOS Broken Down by Day This heat matrix demonstrates the majority of GSW occurred on Thursday 4/30/1992, with a small spike on Wednesday 4/29/1992.
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
Heat Matrix Analysis: L.A Riot Broken Down by Age This heat matrix visually depicts the different age groups that died in the L.A. Riots. The average age of those that died is 31.6 years.
`
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
Heat Matrix Analysis: L.A Riot Broken Down by Age This heat matrix depicts how many crimes were committed in which two hour intervals during certain days.
The majority of the deaths in the L.A. Riot occurred between the hours of 1100 – 2300 Thursday 4/30/1992
Majority of crime
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
Microsoft Excel Worksheet The Excel worksheet contains all the data that was used for this report. The headers used to categorize the dataset into the Excel worksheet are listed below.
Target
Death #
Last Name
First Name
Sex
Age
Race
Cause of Death
DA's Ruling
Time
Date
Time
Day
Day or Night
Spatial
Street Address
City
Zip Code
Street Building, Vehicle, ect.
Miscellaneous
Case Status
Suspect Identified/Justified HomicidesLaw Enforcment or Race of Suspect
Synopsis
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
Death # Name (Last) Name (First) Sex Age Race Color (for i2 import) Cause of Death Weapon Coroners Rulling DA's Ruling
1 MIRANDA Arturo Carlos Male 23 Hispanic Brown GSW Firearm Homicide Murder
2 RIVERA Eias Garcia Male 43 Hispanic Brown Blunt ForceTrauma Blunt Object Homicide Murder
3 TAYLOR Dwight Male 43 African American Black GSW Firearm Homicide Murder
4 BENAVIDEZ Franklin Antonio Male 27 Hispanic Brown GSW Firearm Homicide Murder5 MUSTAFA Nissar Daoud Male 20 Middle Eastern Dark Red Arson Fire Homicide Arson6 VELA Eduardo Canedo Male 33 Hispanic Brown GSW Firearm Homicide Murder7 NETHERLY Anthony Lamarr Male 21 African American Black GSW Firearm Homicide Murder
8 WILLIAMS Willie Bernard Male 29 African American Black Blunt ForceTrauma Blunt Object Accident Accident
9 WILLERS John Henry Male 37 Caucasian Tan GSW Firearm Homicide Murder
10 WILKINS Elbert Ondra Male 33 African American Black GSW Firearm Homicide Murder
11 HARRIS Jimmie Male 38 African American Black Vehicle Vehicle Accident Accident
12 TAYLOR Anthony James Male 31 African American Black GSW Firearm Homicide Homicide
13 JACKSON Dennis Ray Sr. Male 38 African American Black GSW Firearm Homicide Homicide
14 PETTAWAY Juanita Rena Female 38 African American Black Vehicle Vehicle Homicide Homicide
15 CHANNELL Jerel Male 26 African American Black Vehicle Vehicle Homicide Homicide
16 MALLORY Darnell Levalle Male 18 African American Black Vehicle Vehicle Homicide Homicide
17 McCURRY Ira Frederick Male 45 Caucasian Tan GSW Firearm Homicide Murder
18 HARRISON Deandre Male 17 African American Black GSW Firearm Homicide Homicide
19 GIBSON Meeker Mardah Male 35 African American Black GSW Firearm Homicide Murder
20 ROSS William Anthony Male 25 African American Black Arson Fire Homicide Arson
21 ANDREW Brian Edmund Male 30 African American Black GSW Firearm Homicide Homicide
22 EPSTEIN Howard A. Male 45 Caucasian Tan GSW Firearm Homicide Murder
23 LAM Thanh Male 25 Asian Yellow GSW Firearm Homicide Murder
24 GARCIA Salvador Perez Male 15 Hispanic Brown GSW Firearm Homicide Homicide
25 BETTAN Patrick Male 30 Caucasian Tan GSW Firearm Accident Accident
26 LOPEZ Frank Daniel Male 36 Hispanic Brown Blunt ForceTrauma Blunt Object Accident Accident
27 HAINES Matthew Ellis Male 32 Caucasian Tan GSW Firearm Homicide Murder
28 DAVIS Gregory Jr. Male 15 African American Black GSW Firearm Homicide Murder
29 MORALES Adolpho Male 37 Hispanic Brown Stabbed Homicide Murder
30 CASTRO Hector Rivas Male 49 Hispanic Brown GSW Firearm Accident Accident
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
31 WATSON Louis Amari Male 18 African American Black GSW Firearm Homicide Murder
32 John Doe No. 80 John Doe No. 80 Male 35 African American Black Arson Fire Homicide Arson
33 SOSA George Antonio Male 20 Hispanic Brown GSW Firearm Homicide Murder
34 SOLORZANO Jose Very Male 25 Hispanic Brown GSW Firearm Homicide Homicide
35 TAYLOR James Lino Male 27 African American Black GSW Firearm Homicide Homicide
36 PINEDA Juan Antonio Male 20 Hispanic Brown GSW Firearm Homicide Homicide
37 LEE Edward Song Male 18 Asian Yellow GSW Firearm Homicide Homicide
38 AGUILAR Cesar Augusto Male 19 Hispanic Brown GSW Firearm Homicide Homicide
39 NEAL Ernest Jr. Male 27 African American Black GSW Firearm Homicide Murder
40 HORACE Paul Douglas Male 38 African American Black GSW Firearm Homicide Murder
41 MARONIAN Lucie Rose Female 50 Hispanic Brown Knife Knife Homicide Homicide
42 RATINOFF Aaron Male 68 Caucasian Tan Unknown Unknown Homicide Homicide
43 OREBO Charles William Male 22 African American Black GSW Firearm Homicide Homicide
44 JACKSON Betty Female 59 African American Black Vehicle Vehicle Accident Accident
45 MILLER Alfred Male 32 African American Black GSW Firearm Homicide Homicide
46 EVANSHEN Kevin Andrew Male 24 Caucasian Tan Arson Fire Homicide Arson
47 ALVAREZ Wilson Male 40 Hispanic Brown Blunt ForceTrauma Blunt Object Homicide Murder
48 BENSON Carol Ann Female 43 African American Black GSW Firearm Homicide Murder
49 ESPINOSA Juana Female 65 Hispanic Brown GSW Firearm Homicide Murder
50 WARD Fredrick Male 20 African American Black GSW Firearm Homicide Murder
51 SALGADO Juan Veron Roberto Male 20 Hispanic Brown Arson Fire Homicide Arson
52 MARTIN Howard Eugene Male 22 African American Black GSW Firearm Accident Accident
53 RIVAS Victor Rodrigo Male 31 Hispanic Brown GSW Firearm Homicide Homicide
Death # Name (Last) Name (First) Sex Age Race Color (for i2 import) Cause of Death Weapon Coroners Rulling DA's Ruling
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
Street Address City Zip Code Street, Building, Vehicle, ect. Date Time Day Day/Night (Night=19:30-06:30)
12017 S. Central Avenue Los Angeles 90040 Street 4/29/1992 19:30 Wed Night
10778 Vanowen Street Los Angeles 90040 Apartment 4/29/1992 20:00 Wed Night
410 W. Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd. Los Angeles 90040 Street 4/29/1992 20:15 Wed Night
4404 S. Western Ave. Los Angeles 90040 Gas Station 4/29/1992 20:35 Wed Night1601 S. Western Ave. Los Angeles 90040 Store 4/29/1992 20:45 Wed Night
5011 West Slauson Ave. Ladera Heights 90056 Street 4/29/1992 21:00 Wed Night7833 S. San Pedro Street Los Angeles 90040 Street 4/29/1992 22:00 Wed Night
4817 S. Central Ave. Los Angeles 90040 Street 4/29/1992 21:30 Wed Night
10000 North Sepulveda Blvd. Mission Hills 91345 Street 4/29/1992 22:00 Wed Night
9281 s. Western Ave. Los Angeles 90040 Street 4/29/1992 22:30 Wed Night
5807 S. Avalon Blvd. Los Angeles 90040 Street 4/29/1992 23:00 Wed Night
11300 Alvaro Street Los Angeles 90040 Apartment 4/30/1992 0:15 Thu Night
11300 Alvaro Street Los Angeles 90040 Apartment 4/30/1992 0:15 Thu Night
Intersection of Santa Monica Blvd. and Seward Street Los Angeles 90040 Street 4/30/1992 0:40 Thu Night
Intersection of Santa Monica Blvd. and Seward Street Los Angeles 90040 Street 4/30/1992 0:40 Thu Night
Intersection of Santa Monica Blvd. and Seward Street Los Angeles 90040 Street 4/30/1992 0:40 Thu Night
Intersection of 102nd street and Avalon Blvd. Los Angeles 90040 Street 4/30/1992 1:00 Thu Night
11401 S. Central Ave. Los Angeles 90040 Street 4/30/1992 2:30 Thu Night
1040 E. Holt Ave. Pomona 91766 Gas Station 4/30/1992 4:30 Thu Night
2882 Ninth Street Los Angeles 90040 Store 4/30/1992 8:00 Thu Day
1116 N. Chester Ave. Compton 90221 Store 4/30/1992 12:30 Thu Day
Intersection of Slauson Ave. and Seventh Ave. Los Angeles 90040 Street 4/30/1992 14:30 Thu Day
Alondra Blvd., east of Willowbrook Ave. Compton 90221 Street 4/30/1992 15:15 Thu Day
10701 S. Burin Ave. Lennox 90304 Street 4/30/1992 16:20 Thu Day
2740 W. Olympic Blvd. Los Angeles 90040 Store 4/30/1992 16:45 Thu Day
105 E. 16TH Street Los Angeles 90040 Street 4/30/1992 17:30 Thu Day
1908 Lemon Street Long Beach 90805 Street 4/30/1992 18:35 Thu Day
4381 S. Vermont Ave. Los Angeles 90040 Street 4/30/1992 19:00 Thu Day
2000 West Pico Blvd. Los Angeles 90040 Street 4/30/1992 19:15 Thu Day
Intersection of Vermont and Leeward Ave. East Hollywood 90029 Street 4/30/1992 19:30 Thu Night
Death #
1
2
3
4567
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
4409 S. Normandie Ave. Los Angeles 90040 Street 4/30/1992 19:45 Thu Night
5801 S. Vermont Ave. Los Angeles 90040 Store 4/30/1992 19:30 Thu Night
2688 Florence Ave. Huntigton Park 90255 Store 4/30/1992 20:00 Thu Night
Intersection of Santa Monica Blvd. and Vermont Ave. Los Angeles 90040 Store 4/30/1992 20:15 Thu Night
5209 W. Sunset Blvd. Los Angeles 90040 store 4/30/1992 20:47 Thu Night
4001 Santa Monica Blvd. East Hollywood 90029 Street 4/30/1992 21:45 Thu Night
Corner of 3rd Street and Hobart Blvd. Los Angeles 90040 Street 4/30/1992 21:50 Thu Night
2009 W. Sixth Street Los Angeles 90040 Store 4/30/1992 23:00 Thu Night
Intersection of Western Ave. and 92nd Street Los Angeles 90040 Street 4/30/1992 23:30 Thu Night
1439 W. Walnut Street Compton 90221 Street 5/1/1992 12:00 Fri Night
1808 East New York Drive Altadena 91001 house 5/1/1992 14:00 Fri Night
11690 W. Gateway Blvd. West Los Angeles 90025 Store 5/1/1992 16:30 Fri Night
Florence Ave., near Harbor Freeway overpass Los Angeles 90040 Street 5/1/1992 18:00 Fri Night
Intersection of 51st and Main street Los Angeles 90040 Street 5/1/1992 19:30 Fri Night
5400 block of South Van Ness Ave. Los Angeles 90040 Street 5/1/1992 19:30 Fri Night
11849 Braddock Drive Los Angeles 90040 Store 5/1/1992 23:30 Fri Night
3100 Rosecrans Ave. Hawthorne 90250 store 5/2/1992 Unknown Sat Unknown
Harbor Freeway at Adams off ramp Los Angeles 90040 Street 5/2/1992 Unknown Sat Unknown
7600 Compton Ave. Compton 90221 Street 5/2/1992 12:20 Sat Day
11900 Cometa Street Los Angeles 90040 house 5/2/1992 22:45 Sat Night
3115 S. Main St. Los Angeles 90040 Store 5/2/1992 Unknown Sat Night
1279 N. Los Robles Ave. Pasadena 91104 Apartment 5/3/1992 0:40 Sun Night
Pico Boulevard and New Hampshire Ave. Los Angeles 90040 Street 5/3/1992 19:40 Sun Night
Street Address City Zip Code Street, Building, Vehicle, ect. Date Time Day Day/Night (Night=19:30-06:30) Death #
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
Death #
1
2
3
4567
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Case Status (Closed/Open) Suspect Law Enforcment and Race of Suspect Synopsis
OpenUNK n/a
Car pulled up and someone fired one shot, hitting Miranda in the chest
Closed Identified African AmericanRivera was struck in the head, suffering a
broken skull
Open UNK n/aSomeone drove by and shot him in the
neckClosed Justified Law Enforcment (LAPD) Shot twice in the chest by LAPDOpen UNK n/a Found in the ruble after an arsonOpen UNK n/a Received a gunshot wound to the chestOpen UNK n/a Netherly had been shot in the left eye
Closed n/a n/aFell out of the back of his brother's truck
and suffered severe head injuries
Open UNK n/aPassersby gunned him down, the fatal
shot piercing his heart
Open UNK n/aA bullet from a passing car hit Wilkins,
ripping into his aorta
Closed n/a n/ahis car collided with another one at
Avalon Boulevard
Closed Justified Law Enforcment (LAPD)Taylor was hit in the head in a Shootout
with LAPD
Closed Justified Law Enforcment (LAPD)Jackson was hit in the back in a Shootout
with LAPD
Closed Justified Law Enforcment (LAPD)Lost control during a police chase and
slammed into a fire hydrant and brick wall
Closed Justified Law Enforcment (LAPD)Lost control during a police chase and
slammed into a fire hydrant and brick wall
Closed Justified Law Enforcment (LAPD)Lost control during a police chase and
slammed into a fire hydrant and brick wall
Open UNK n/a
Found dead on the street, shot through the right eye as he pleaded with looters
not to burn down a store next to his house
Closed Justified Law Enforcment (LAPD)Found with a bullet wound in his chest. Detectives speculated Harrison might
have been a sniper shot by police
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
Death # Case Status (Closed/Open) Suspect Law Enforcment and Race of Suspect Synopsis
Open UNK n/aTook a shotgun blast to the chest at a gas
station pay phone
Open UNK n/aCurled up under a metal desk in the office
in a burning building in Koreatown
Closed Justified Law EnforcmentOfficer fired at point-blank range, hitting
Andrew in the face
Open UNK n/aSomeone in another vehicle fired at
Epstein's vehicle. The shot hit Epstein in the left temple
Open UNK n/aAfrican American yelled a racial slur and
opened fire, hitting Lam four times
Closed Justified Law EnforcmentThe 15-year-old Mexican-American was shot in the chest during a shooting with
Law Enforcment officials
Closed n/a n/aLAPD investigators determined Bettan
had been accidentally shot by one of his employers
Closed n/a n/aLopez was found face down on the street.
He had been hit by a car
Closed Identified African AmericanSeven attackers pulled Haines of a motorcycle, robbed and shot him
Open UNK n/aWas shot in the forehead as he walked on
the street
Open UNK n/aMorales, 37, Mexican-American was
stabbed to death
Closed Justified National GuardsmanCastro was shot in the back as he walked in East Hollywood. The bullet broke his
spine and punctured his heart
Open UNK n/aWatson was struck in the head when he
was on the street
Open UNK n/aDied in a fire at Pep Boys. The body was
discovered two days later
Open UNK n/aAn unidentified gunman shot Sosa as he
allegedly looted a store
Closed Justified StorekeeperA shopkeeper defending his property
shot Solorzano
Closed Justified StorekeeperA storekeeper may have shot and killed
James Taylor
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
Death # Case Status (Closed/Open) Suspect Law Enforcment and Race of Suspect Synopsis
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
Closed UNK n/aSniper fire hit Mexican-American Pineda as he sat with his brother and friends in a
car in East Hollywood
Closed n/a n/aLee suffered two fatal hits to the chest as he sat in the front seat of a car. Someone
in the rival group shot him
Closed Justified Law Enforcment (LAPD)
When Officers ordered Aguilar to raise his hands, the officer said he saw the butt of a gun in his waistband. Aguilar lowered his arms and the officer feared he was
reaching for the gun. Open UNK n/a Neal was hit in the head.
Closed Identified African AmericanThe 38-year-old African-American was
fatally wounded as he tried to run from his killers during a drug deal gone bad
Closed Identified African AmericanMaronian was stabbed three times in the
chest and twice in the back as she was protecting her son and his friends
Closed UNK n/aRatinoff began arguing with someone,
and the situation escalated
Closed Justified Law Enforcment (LAPD)Orebo was thrown out of a car during a police chase. He had been shot in the
head, back and left forearm
Closed n/a n/aJackson's car slammed into the back of a
Ford van
Closed UNK n/a
Was shot in the neck in a drive-by shooting. The bullet broke two of his
vertebrae, hit his spine and lodged in his shoulder
Open UNK n/aSlipped through a weakened portion of a burning office roof and died from burns
and smoke inhalation.
Open UNK n/a
Authorities believe looters fatally beat Alvarez with sticks after he started
throwing rocks at them to break up a stealing spree
Open UNK n/awas found on the freeway near
downtown, an apparent hit-and-run victim
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
Death # Case Status (Closed/Open) Suspect Law Enforcment and Race of Suspect Synopsis
49
50
51
52
53
Closed Identified HispanicEspinosa a Mexican-American was shot in the chest as she walked down the street
Closed Identified UnknownWas shot several times as he stood in
front of a house
Open UNK n/aA worker found the body of Salgado inside a burned-out clothing store
Closed n/a n/aAs officers exchanged fire with party guests, Martin opened the apartment
door and was shot in the head
Closed Justified National Guardsman
Rivas's car hit a National Guard soldier. Others opened fire with their M-16s. In all, 14 rounds were fired, and Rivas was
hit five times
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
Acknowledgments
Thank you Professor Grabelski for your continuous guidance during the creation of this report. Thank you Coach and Bill for helping me with Geocommons. Thank you Mr. Van Der Riet for the help with i2 Analyst Notebook 8.5.
This project is an accumulation of the many skills that I have learned over the years at Mercyhurst College Institute for Intelligence Studies. It is my hope that this report establishes a base for future students to build off of.
James E. Gallagher
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
Windows 7 Word 2010 Excel 2010 I2 Analyst Notebook 8.5
Google Earth Social Explorer Many Eyes Snip It
Dell Inspiron 1525
Logitech MX
Sony Ear buds
Matt Madigan Bill Greer Rex Van Der Riet
Resources Human Resources
OS and Programs
Webware
Hardware
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M e r c y h u r s t C o l l e g e I n s t i t u t e f o r I n t e l l i g e n c e S t u d i e s
James Gallagher
http://www.mciis.org/
E: [email protected] T: (240)-432-3489 W: http://www.mciisgallagher.com/