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1.Introduction to Architecture
1.1What is Architecture?
People need places for their activity
These activities take place in buildings
A discipline concerned with design of bldg is Architecture
Hence Architecture
the Artand Scienceof designingbuildings and habitable
structures
What is Art, Science and Design?
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What is Art?
A creativehuman activity in which materials are shaped to
convey an idea, emotion, or visually interesting form
The use of skill and imagination in the creation of aestheticobjects or experiences that can be shared with others
Divided into two
Fine Art: Painting, Sculptor, Music & Poetry
Decorative Art: pottery, weaving, metalworking, and furniture
making.
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What is Science?
The systematic observation of natural events and
conditions
to discover facts about them and
to formulate laws and principles based on these facts
Divided into two
Natural Science: physics, biology, chemistry
Social Science: like sociology, economics, geography
No creativity but based on research and discovery
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What is Design?
A rational, logical, sequentialprocessintended to solve
problems
Involves making a detailed plan of the form or structure of
something
Emphasizing features such as its appearance, convenience,
durability and economy.
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Then What is Architecture?
Architecture is a discipline whichuses art and science knowledge and skill
to create, improve and restore statichabitable structures specially
buildings.
Then which one is Architecture?
A roller coaster
A circus tent
Delachen monument
A boat
Dembel city center
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Architecture (contd)
According to Marcus Vitruvius, Architecture is
Commodity (function): serving a purpose
Delight (aesthetics): visually pleasing & stimulate a sense organ
Firmness ( strength): erectable and durable
Art: only aesthetics & serve a purpose
Science: principles based on facts
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1.2. Architecture and Other Related
Disciplines
Task of designer is to changeClient Needs to Conceptsto Building Image
Three parties involve in realization of Client Needs
Client DesignTeam ConstructionTeam
Idea
NeedsMoney
Architect ( Coordinator)
UP and UESurveyor & Geologist
Structural Engineer
Electrical Engineer
Mechanical EngineerSanitary Engineer
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Architecture and Other Related Disciplines (contd)
Design isn't a single professional task
Role of Architect: coordination & leadership
E.g.: Sheraton Addis
It is important to know other related disciplines including
Urban Planning & Design
Civil Engineering
Electrical & Mechanical Engineering
Sanitary Engineering
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Architecture and Other Related Disciplines (contd)
Urban Planning
the organization of all elements of a town or urban envi.
dealt with land use and the physical arrangement of city
structures taking into consideration economical, social, physical
environmental, administrative, historical. aspects
urban planning document related to Architecture contains
zoning ordinances like residential, commercial zone
subdivision regulations likeplot size
building and housing codes like height limitation
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Architecture and Other Related Disciplines (contd)
Urban Engineering
the application of science( specially physics, maths and
chemistry) in the design of urban infrastructure like
Urban Houses and related buildings
Urban Roads & Bridge
Urban Water Supply,
Urban Drainage & Sewerage System
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Architecture and Other Related Disciplines (contd)
Urban Design
Before 1960s: Archre & UP were the same
After 1960s, split into UP: focus on land use pattern & organization of services &
infrastructure
Architecture : focus on design of buildings
Gap is created: who is responsible for public spaces
Urban design is the art & science of design ofpublic spaces
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Architecture and Other Related Disciplines (contd)
Civil Engineering
Practical application of science and math in the design of
structures like road, bridge, dametc
Building components
Architectural: non supporting & space defining: walls, windows
Structural : supporting like foundation, beam, column, slab
Civil (Structural) Engineer
design structural parts of a building
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Architecture and Other Related Disciplines (contd)
Electrical Engineering
design and manufacture of systems and devices that use
electric power and signals
Building components includes electrical system
switches, sockets, light points, water pump
Electrical Engineer
designthe electrical systemof a building
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Architecture and Other Related Disciplines (contd)
Mechanical Engineering
design and manufacture all types of machineries
building also include mechanical systems like
elevators, escalators, heating, cooling, ventilating systems
Mechanical Engineer
designsthe mechanical systems of a building
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Architecture and Other Related Disciplines (contd)
Sanitary Engineering
designof water supply , drainage and seweragesystem
in a building
we need water and swear will be produced
Sanitary Engineer
designs the water supply, sewerage and drainage system of a
building and its compound
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Architecture and Other Related Disciplines (contd)
Other Disciplines
in a design of advanced buildings like museums, cinemas,
meeting halls, hotels other disciples may involve
Light Engineer
Acoustics Engineer
Interior Architect
Landscape Architect etc
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Examples of
Residential Bldg
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Residential Bldg
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Examples of
Residential Bldg