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Feed the Future: Using crop by-products to intensify and sustain
food production
Michael Blümmel
ILRI Livestock live talk seminar,Nairobi, 26 September 2012
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Topics
Why target by-products as feed resources
Differences in feed/fodder quality matter that matter
for productivity, fodder market studies
How to improve by-product based feed/fodderresources: exploiting variation, enhance variation,
value addition
Effect of improved feed/fodder resources on livestock productivity and environment
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Why by-products
Already the most important feed resource in targetsystems, targeting strongly suggest their
importance will further increase
They do not compete for land and water andtherefore not for food-production
Entry point for increasing overall productivity of mixed systems
Short delivery pathways, well defined public and private partners with global reach
Good acceptability in an environment increasingly reserved against livestock
CR becoming more importantKahsay Berhe (2004) study in Yarer Mountain area
Cultivated land has doubled at the expense of pasture in 30 years
Switch in source of nutrition for livestock from grazing to CR
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Sorghum stover trading in Hyderabad
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Type and cost of sorghum stover traded monthly 2004-2005 in
Hyderabad, India Stover type Price IR / kg DM
Andhra 3.52b
Andhra Hybrid 3.15cd
Ballary Hybrid 3.54b
Raichur 3.89a
Rayalaseema 3.23c
Telangana (Local Y) 3.06d
Blümmel and Parthasarathy, 2006
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Relation between digestibility and price of sorghum stover
44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 552.8
3.0
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
4.0
4.2y = -4.9 + 0.17x; R2 = 0.75; P = 0.03
Stover in vitro digestibility (%)
Sto
ver
pri
ce (
IR/k
g D
M)
Premium Stover“Raichur”
Low Cost Stover“Local Yellow”
Blümmel and Parthasarathy, 2006
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Stover digestibility and grain yield in new sorghum cultivars release-tested in
India between 2002 and 2008
34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 58 61 640
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Kharif: y = 1473 + 44.2x; r = 0.17; P=0.05Rabi: y = 9208 -132x; r = -0.47; P < 0.0001
Stover in vitro organic digestibility (%)
Gra
in y
ield
(kg
/ha)
Blümmel et al. 2010
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Targeted genetic enhancement towards higher food-feed-fodder
quality Recurrent selection in pearl millet: about 2-3% digestibility in 2-yeas
cycle (Bidinger et al. 2010)
Hybrid maize production: about 7 to 9% digestibility (Zaidi et al. 2012; Berhanu et al. 2012)
Brown mid rib sorghum: about 2-3% digestibility (Srinivas et al., 2012a/b)
Stay green introgression in sorghum: about 3-4% digestibility (Blümmel et al 2012).
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Importance of value addition to basal diet,
feed processing,densification, fortification
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Feed block manufacturing: supplementation, densification
Ingredients %
Sorghum stover 50
Bran/husks/hulls 18
Oilcakes 18
Molasses 8
Grains 4
Minerals, vitamins, urea 2
Courtesy: Miracle Fodder and Feeds PVT LTD
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Relation between digestibility and price of sorghum stover
44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 552.8
3.0
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
4.0
4.2y = -4.9 + 0.17x; R2 = 0.75; P = 0.03
Stover in vitro digestibility (%)
Sto
ver
pri
ce (
IR/k
g D
M)
Premium Stover“Raichur”
Low Cost Stover“Local Yellow”
Blümmel and Parthasarathy, 2006
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Comparisons of high and low quality sorghum stover based feed blocks
in commercial dairy buffalo
Block High Block Low
CP 17.2 % 17.1%
ME (MJ/kg) 8.46 MJ/kg 7.37 MJ/kg
DMI 19.7 kg/d 18.0 kg/d
DMI per kg LW 3.6 % 3.3 %
Milk Potential 16.6 kg/d 11.8 kg/d
Anandan et al. (2009a)
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Supplementation and processing of sweet sorghum bagasse and
response in sheep
Mash Pellets Block
Control
Chaffed SSBRL
Concentrate
DMI (g/kg LW) 52.5 a 55.6 a 42.1 b 41.5 b
ADG (g / d) 132.7 a 130.4 a 89.5 b 81.3 b
Processing ($/t) 5.9 7.0 5.2 1.7
Transport ($/t/100km) 6.6 5.8 5.2 13.5
Anandan et al. (2012)
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Feed intensification, greenhouse gases and natural resource usage
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Across herd milk yields (3.61 kg/d) in India and scenario-dependent ME needs for total milk production (81.8 million t/y)
ME required (MJ x 109)
Milk (kg/d) Maintenance Production Total
3.61 (05/06) 1247.6 573.9 1821.5
6 (Scenario 1) 749.9 573.9 1323.8
9 (Scenario 2) 499.9 573.9 1073.8
12 (Scenario 3) 374.9 573.9 948.8
15 (Scenario 4) 299.9 573.9 873.9
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Effect of increasing average daily milk yields onoverall methane emissions from dairy in India
0 3 6 9 12 150.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Daily milk yield per animal (liter)
Met
han
e p
rod
uce
d (
Tg
)current herd average milk yield of 3.61 l/d
(Blϋmmel et al. 2009)
(2005-06) 2020 2020 (fixed LP
Milk (million tons) 81.8 172 172
yield/day (kg) 3.6 5.24 6.76
Numbers (000) 69759 89920 * 69759
Metabolizable energy requirements (MJ x 109)
Maintenance 1247.64 1608.22 1247.6
Production 573.94 1075.00 1075.00
total 1821.58 2683.22 23266.6
Feed Req.( m tons) 247.50 364.57 315.6
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* Calculated based on CAGR
Livestock revolution: Impact on energy and feed requirements
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Summary Intuitively “small differences” in feed/fodder quality
have significant implication for livestock productivity
These differences can be exploited in a wide range of key crops and basal diets and/or generated
Combining improved basal diets with supplementation
and feed processing can result in economically and environmentally significant level of productivity
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Outlook In some ways, a proof-of-concept element to
presented approaches/findings
CRP’s, particularly 3-7, are will providing good frameworks for larger scale put-into-practice
With regards to CRP 3-7 focused employment of heath + breed + feed technology will enable and enforce presented approaches