7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
1/162
RepoRt of the
expeRt panel on
asylum seekeRs
August 2012
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
2/162
1Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
Contents
Index o Tables In The reporT 3
Index o Igures In The reporT 4
The reporT 5
oreWord 7
Terms o reerence 9
oVerVIeW: The approach underpInnIng ThIs reporT 10
summarY o recommendaTIons 14
chapTer 1: asYlum seeKIng: The challenges ausTralIa aces In conTexT 19
g iti 20T i ii i t ai pi 22
ati it 22
p t 26
chapTer 2 ausTralIan polIcY seTTIngs: an InTegraTed
approach ToWards a regIonal cooperaTIon rameWorK 31
T v ati ti iy tti 31
T itiv i ti tti y 32
chapTer 3: an ausTralIan polIcY agenda 37
pt a: p t ati iy tti t twy itti tti ti
iti 38
pt b: m t i t i iti
tv t ati 47
aTTachmenT 1: The global and regIonal conTexT 59
aTTachmenT 2: people smugglIng and ausTralIa 71
aTTachmenT 3: ausTralIas InTernaTIonal laW oblIgaTIons WITh
respecT To reugees and asYlum seeKers 79
aTTachmenT 4: ausTralIas conTrIbuTIon To InTernaTIonal proTecTIon 85
aTTachmenT 5: asYlum caseloads and rsd raTes In ausTralIa
and globallY 93
aTTachmenT 6: ausTralIas InTernaTIonal and regIonal engagemenT
on Irregular moVemenT and InTernaTIonal proTecTIon 109
aTTachmenT 7: reTurns and remoVals o persons ound noT To
engage ausTralIas proTecTIon oblIgaTIons 117
aTTachmenT 8: approaches To managIng Imas To ausTralIa 125
aTTachmenT 9: changes To The humanITarIan program 135
aTTachmenT 10: legIslaTIon changes requIred To ImplemenT
The panels recommendaTIons 141
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
3/162
2 rt t et p ay sk, at 2012
aTTachmenT 11: lIKelY cosTs o The panels recommendaTIons 143
aTTachmenT 12: parTIes consulTed 145
aTTachmenT 13: submIssIons receIVed 149
aTTachmenT 14: glossarY o commonlY used acronYms and Terms 155
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
4/162
3Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
Index of tables In the report
Tabl 1: Ima t ati (y y) 23
Tabl 2: Vi t y hiti p t 199697 t 201112( t 6 Jy 2012) 26
Tabl 3: iy ti t ky Ima i ati ( t) 27
Tabl 4: unhcr r stt dtiti (rsd) t 2011 i
myi Ii 28
Tabl 5: rv Ima 1 Jy 2008 t 3 at 2012 29
Tabl 6. Ima i ati (t iv) 70
Tabl 7: n dt mii p t s ot 2001
t J 2012 75
Tabl 8: gt y p t 199697 t 201112 89
Tabl 9: Ima i iv i ati 94
Tabl 10: Ima y 95
Tabl 11: Ima y 95
Tabl 12: Ima y ii tt 95
Tabl 13: piy ptti vi t t ky Ima y tiity
( t) 98
Tabl 14: rviw vt t ky Ima y tiity ( t) 98
Tabl 15: iy ti t ky Ima i ati ( t) 98
Tabl 16A: piy ptti vi t t -Ima y t 5 ti itizi ( t) 99
Tabl 16B: piy ptti vi t t -Ima y t tiiti
( t) 99
Tabl 17A: r rviw Ti t i t y t 5 ti itizi
( t) 100
Tabl 17B: r rviw Ti t i t y t tiiti ( t) 100
Tabl 18A: i ptti vi t t -Ima y t 5 ti
itizi ( t) 101
Tabl 18B: i ptti vi t t -Ima y t tiiti
( t) 101
Tabl 19: Tt p c t unhcr i t tity/ty
y y y 102
Tabl 20: unhcr rsd t 2011 i myi Ii 102
Tabl 21: ay iti i t itii ti y y 103
Tabl 22: ci iti t t y i c,
uK, usa ati 105
Tabl 23: it it y t t itii ti 105
Tabl 24: n Ima v 1 Jy 2008 t 3 at 2012 120
Tabl 25: n v t ii Ima I
i i (I) 121
Tabl 26: ot iivi tk t n m: 2001-2008 131
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
5/162
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
6/162
5Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
The RepoRT
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
7/162
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
8/162
7rt t et p ay sk, at 2012
foreWord
Ti rt i v i wk i. I ti ti w v t
wiy y i wit iti , t t pit, i
tt vt, -vt iti (ngo), i
t t w t i t wi ity. W v ii wit
ttiv iti i ati w tv t
ati ty t i . o tti v t i
y ti t t t 550 witt ii tt w v iv.
I t , w v t ti viw y i
t iti tt ati iyki tk. T viw y
v ty .
W v i vii iity t i t it tk w v iv. Tt iity t t i it, t iti
t it it it viw, t wy w tt t t tt
, i iti . I i wy w, ii
it t ti wy i wi t v t ati ti itt i
ivi tw t tiv i ti y i.
T ik i ti t t iy i t iti
tt y ki t. I i t i ti t
, w iv tt ati iy , , t t
t; tt tiity i tk v ty iti;
tt t t t w t t y t .
W iv tt t t i ati iyki i ti t y i
i t vi ti t t. T t t i t i tt
t iiv ti t t t ati pit.
W iv tt i vi tiv i iyki. Ti i
t wt t i tt tti y k iitiv t
i t tki iti vy.
T i iti vy i ati tti
ii. T i iti iv (Ima) w v iv i ati it t v t 2012 (7,120) t w iv i tt i 2011
(4,733) 2010 (6,850). T iki tt wi ti iv i i
t. T iti v t it tt ati w .
Ty wy w, iv itt tti i .
T tti t it t ati ii i t
t iv t t y k tt i t wi wk
tivy, t i tivy t i iti vy.
I ti tt, t p iv tt t ti w t i t iity t i
t. rt t yi y k t it t tk ti ik, t i
iiity t t titi tt w ti i t iy tivy i wy tt k t ik y.
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
9/162
8 Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
W iv tt t y vi wy w i tt it t ik itiv
i v iti twy ti itti tti it
i-ik iti iti.
T ti w i ti rt i t tt ivi t
. Ty ti i ati ii tiv t
i ti wk y i. Ty i i ati
hiti p t it i ki iti twy wk tt. Ty
iitiv t i iti vy t ati y tii
vt ii wy y k i t y i t t k
tti t ti i. T ti t t
i i . Ty titt itt t .
T itiv iitiv w t t. I viw, ty
t i tt iv itt tt t t tiv wy
ii y k iki ti iv iti vy
t ati.
W v it ti tity t k t titi i i ti rt.
W tk t w v tit t t , t w v
t i iy i wy, tiy t tt
i w v wk Tk. Ti rt, wv, i
iiity ft viw t iiti w iv
it. W t ti rt i it i t tt it tit i
itiv wy t tiv t.
ai Ci M a h aC, afC (r)
pi ai aM
p Mic le ao
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
10/162
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
11/162
10 Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
oVerVIeW: the approaChunderpInnIng thIs report
i. T itti ity iv, it i
ti t t i vt . I t tt t
, ati i ti ti t iy it tt t
t iti ittiy, i i . T wi
ki tti i ati t i
iti vy. I t i , t ki tti
ittiy, ii i ai, i iky t i vy iity.
a i t ati pit w t t t ti t
tiv itti, iy y, i vi iv. t, wi
i ti wk t t t i t
ai pi i i t y i, it ti vt i ti
t y t.
ii. T iti ati ti itt
t. Ty t vi itt i, iiity ,
t itity ati . Ty i vt t t t
i t ati ity miti p t wi wy
i t p i t t wi i t t it t. Ty
itti vit i wi i iti y
ki iitt y i tv, twk i ti
t i i y ti. T iti w atiity i t t iti , t i ti w it
i t tt itti iti iti wi ati
v y . I iti, t t itti ti iti
i t ii i itti t tiv tti
t v t t t.
iii. T iv ati iyki t t
i i t p T r: t t iy ti vi t
vt y k iki ti iv t vy t ati. Ti
i tti iv . s t
t t t. It t iv y -y tiity, y ity w i. It t v ati
vi itt t t i t iitti ati iti w
ti t i. a tti iv t ft
it ty ty it iky t v t t wt ty
v i t t. It t tk t t ik, itiv
i tt iv y t i wit . av ,
t w t t t t y t .
iv. ati iy tti if t fw i iti t ati.
T tti t t t i w i t t
tw t i iti vt t ati.ati iy tti, wv, t v t i iti
t i itti iti t wi ty t. a
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
12/162
11Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
ti t t y k i t
tiv ati tti i t i ti i iti fw
it st-et ai ati; it t iitt ti wk
t iiity ivvi ati ti i
i; it t tivy t tiv t y t wiitti ity i i t it
i vt.
v. T i t itt iity i vti iki ti iv
iti vy i t it ati iy tti t iv
t tt y k wi t vt i ty y t
ttt i ty it ati it i iti
twy itti tti t i t ti
ty ii. Tt i wy i ti wk tti
y i, fti iv i , i ty
itt t ti rt.
vi. a iv i wk t y k i, i
jit t tti, i
t i jtiv t wi i vt itt. It i
tw wi wi it.
vii. s t ii k wi i ti wk
ti t it iity; t wi tk ti
tiv titi.
viii. ati t tiv tiit t v t
t. I t itvi i, ati iy i it w it t . It t t itiv t t
iti twy itti tti t; it t
it tiv iitiv t i iti vy t
ati t ki y.
i. atli iiti i w til lii d i t witi i
d yd d t d iti t t l ik d itiv tt
k d il iti l ti t y l.
. at t t ti, t ik itiv i ii t tk
i iti vy t ati ik i t yi iti, t itiv i t t t i ati tity i
tti . T t t ik itiv ti tt t
y y k t t ti iv it t .
i. by tt, t iti twy ti itti
tti t v ti w ik itiv t ik iit y
wit it tti witt y t, t it t itiv
i ttt w i. T t ik itiv i t
t iit t vi y k tt twy tiv
t i .
ii. T it i t ik itiv tt i y i t iit
k i ati iyki wi t t i it
wy t tw v.
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
13/162
12 Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
iii. at v, t i w t iti
twy k t itti tti t tiv.
s t i i ti t
i itiv y k i t i t tiit i -,
w-, iy it, , y tiy i tt iv t.
iv. s t ti ti, tt it
i wk ti, t y ki, t t
i ti itiy itt
jtiv i ti. ati tiv, t
t i i-v -i it ti wit Ii
myi i ti, wit t i ti w. Ty t
i it i ati iy tti wi iity i
i ati hiti p, i vt ity ii i
st-et ai w i ti y k fw, it k i iy i t si hiti p (shp) wi
ik i iit t tivti t w i iti
y t t ati. ati t tiv i i t
iv ttt ti i t ii t ttt
vi t i t i i tti.
v. T t iy iit k ti t v. Ti i
i itiv t tii iti iti twy ti
itti tti t, ti i ti i tt
t, wi y t ty wi t it i ti w it tiv
tty t t i iti fw. ciit k t ttttiv ati titi it i iti. Ty
t i i ii i tt t w ti t i
iti vy t ati t i y t vt i
v t w i.
vi. Itiv t iti tti twy t t
y iy tt t iy tt
iitiv t i iti iti t ati wi iit .
ov ti, iy i wk wi t i iti
iti ti t t t i i
vii t . uti i wk i tii ti wy, witi wk it , t tiv
it i iti iti t ati t i t
t i ti ti ati t titi tti
i t w iv y i .
vii T t i witi t vt iv i
ti wk, t p iv tt t ati pit ,
tt y, t iti tt w w t i i
iti iv i ti ti ati. Tt iti v t
t pit t vii t w iw t itiv itt tt w
ti ti t i i ti ti ati.
viii. I tt tt, ati v iity t ti iiti i n
p nw gi (png) t i tti i y Ima t ati.
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
14/162
13Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
i. I iti t t iiti i n png, ati iity
t t t at it tit wit myi i 2011. I ti, t
t tt t tti vi t at wi
vt t t t Ima t myi.
. ot t i i iti vy t ati i t iy i t ty t t Ima
i ati, tiv t t i y k t ti
ty ti tti t iti i
ti t i ati . a t viw t y ati
tii tt w tiy.
i. T p i t t viw tt t iti tt t
t w tk t yi y k. T p
t iv t iti ty it, t ty t t i
t t, i ti i it i it t i .
ii. I ti iy i t it t ik itiv i v
iti it i ti, t t vt
ivi ity i ati, i i ittiy wi v
itt. Ti t t iv tiv
t i ti t iy vt t itti
iy ii. I iti t tiv iitiv t i t vy, t
t t tt yi t t
itti tti, ii i tit ti, wk tt
iky.
iii. T t t ti i ti rt t t i attt 11.T t t t it vi tt t p iv wi
it ty i t i t fw ti iv
i ati. T w tit t i t 2012-13 bt tit
it i y t dtt Iiti citizi (dIac)
v t i 2011-12 t 2015-16 iiv t t $5 ii i tt
iv i t t v 450 t 1 Jy 2012. Wit t v
i iv vi v 1,300 t i ai 2012, t p t
tt i ti t i w t ti t t i wit t Ima
w iky iity t t t t t ti i
ti t.
iv. I t p viw, t ti i ti rt wi t t y,
i t i ati iyki tti y
i. o ti wi i w t; t ty wi , i viw,
t i iit vi i it ty i i.
v. T iit k, tiv w t, i ati i
iyki t y k i i t . T y iv v
y t. T y t i i t. c ti
iyki, i ati t i v, i t t
ik tity. s t wi v ati ti itt ti i. It wi tt tiv i itti ti. It wi
tivy iti it wi v iv. T t
jtiv t wi t ti i ti rt it.
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
15/162
14 Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
suMMarY of reCoMMendatIons
Principles
Recommendation 1
T p tt t wi ici ati iyki
y k i ( 2.6-2.22):
y T itti tti, iv itt tt
ti t, i -t iiti i y i
iti fw t i.
y T vii itiv y k t k tti t
i yt.
y T iitti i ti tti wk tt i itt
i t i y i, t vii it wi t i
i t ivt t.
y T iti vt ii t tt t i i
t ivti iti t.
y pti i, i ati hiti p.
y a y ati t it itti iti.
Australias Humanitarian Program
Recommendation 2
T p ttai hmii pm i
:
y T hiti p iity i t 20,000
( 3.3-3.8).
y o t 20,000 t hiti p, ii
12,000 t t t wi w
t t ti ( 3.3-3.8).
y sjt t vii i it, t it t p i
( v) i ivi tiv i ti
t, iti iv t ii t i t
hiti p t 27,000 witi v y ( 3.3-3.8).
y T hiti p y k fw vi
ti it st-et ai ( 3.3-3.9).
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
16/162
15Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
Regional engagement
Recommendation 3
T p tt i t t t vt i ti
wk tti y yt, t ati gvt it vt
cciy-ii iiiiv i t i iity i t ti
ti ( 3.26-3.28).
Recommendation 4
T p tt i ci ym k i wi
Ii v tt y, tiy i ti t:
y
T ti i hiti p ttt Ii ( 3.20-3.22).
y e ti jit vi t, w t
iti ( 3.20-3.22).
y c t ati w i ti t Ii i t wi
w t vy Ii t ati ( 3.20-3.22).
Recommendation 5
T p tt ati ti t v i viy im
ci wi Myi ym i, ii t t tti
t tk y myi ( 3.23-3.24).
Recommendation 6
T p m civ w--vm y v
i wi c ci y k t ati, wit
iit i i ttt vi y ati t t mi et ai
i ( 3.29-3.33).
Regional processing
Recommendation 7
T p tt ii i
ci m ic i ai pim m
cy( 3.54 3.57). Ti iti i tt y t
iti ty it i iv t
iiv im w vi iy ai
pim w iw im ( 3.43).
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
17/162
16 Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
Recommendation 8
T p tt cciy i i n ti t
t i Ima t ati i wy itt wit ati
n iiiti itti w ( 3.44-3.55).
Recommendation 9
T p tt cciy i i png i
t t i Ima t ati i wy itt wit t
iiiti ati png itti w ( 3.56-3.57).
Recommendation 10
t p cmm 2011Arrangement between the Government ofAustralia and the Government of Malaysia on Transfer and Resettlement(Myi
am) i , i ic c,
tt ti iv t i-v it t tti
tiity itiv i t ati pit
iti w iti tt w y ( 3.58-3.70).
Family reunion
Recommendation 11T p tt t t k i t shp
ci m miy i i
miim vy ai, tt ti iv t vi iy
i i w iv t i iti vy wit
t t it k i t t iy t t miti p
( 3.13-3.18).
Recommendation 12
T p tt i t w iv i ai
i miim m ii miy t shp t
k t witi t iy t t miti p ( 3.71).
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
18/162
17Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
Other recommendations
Recommendation 13
T p tt ati t m civy ci i
m ii mi m ci t t titi
ttt t w i ti t ( 3.35-3.37).
Recommendation 14
T p tt tMigration Act 1958 m tt iv yw
ati y i iti wi t vi iivi wit it w
tt t t w iv i i ( 3.72-3.73).
Recommendation 15
T p tt viw mii (rsd)
w tiy ( 3.74-3.76).
Recommendation 16
T p tt tiv w--vt tty v
t tit tt t mv i y k
( 3.81-3.83).
Recommendation 17
T p tt ii i ti t y
iv t t y i tt vt
ati i wit it i tii i ti
( 3.84-3.86).
Recommendation 18T p tt w cm i i ati ti ti tiviti
i ti ivvt ati it w i i iitti
i ti ( 3.87).
Recommendation 19
T p t tt cii cy civ, w ck
i v cyi ym k ai t ty t, t
tt ti itti i t t, i ti i it i it
t i ( 3.77-3.80).
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
19/162
18 rt t et p ay sk, at 2012
Recommendation 20
T p tt ati ti t wk wit i ti i
wy t v jit ti ii i sc rc
(sar) tiviti i t i t t y t i ti
iti t sar jiiti ( 3.88-3.90).
Recommendation 21
T p tt, i t tt viw t y t ti
t w i ti rt, ik w cm
hmii pm viw wii w y.
Recommendation 22
T pl d tt t ilt t t vid yl
i ddd t well-managed and adequately funded research program
engaging government and non-government expertise ( 3.38-3.40).
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
20/162
19Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
Chapter 1:asYluM seeKIng: the ChallengesaustralIa faCes In Context
1.1 T ity itti iti i i t .
It ivi vi i iti, i, i
iti iti. T i itti iti i t
ti , itti t vi
i i.
1.2 uyi t i iti t ati i t i ity
t y iv t . t 2001 t J 2012 t v 964 y
k w t t kw iit i t yi y
k t ati.
1
o t, 604 v t ti iv i ot 2009.a viv v y tti, i i wy. my v
t yi iji. (attt 2).
1.3 I ti t p i T r t vi vi
ti t t gvt iy ti vi, i it i
ii, t y ti, t vt y k iki ti iv
t jy t ati ti rt wy w wit
viw t vi iv k iy ti tt wi t
tt ati v t t, i t.
1.4 T i:
y tivy i t itity ati ;
y i ity tw ati iyki it
iti ti itti w;2
y itii ti ati ity t t miti
hiti p;
y tti t ti - iti ;
y tii ati iy ttt ;
y ti iitti tiv tt it i ti
t tt wi iv t viiity tti y k wi ti i i iv
t, ii;
x iv t tiy i i y k i
tt;
1 ati ct b ptti svi dIac. s T 7 t attt 2,2 s attt 3, ati Itti l oiti wit rt t r
ay sk.
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
21/162
20 Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
x ty t wi i i ti ty,
ii t itreoulement ity tti, t
ti, yt t ;
x titi t, y vty titi
w t , itti ttt;
y i tt t w i iti vy t
ati i t k y t vt v t w k y
t iti twy ti itti t;
y iti tiv w--vt tti i ti t t
t t w t t i tti;
y i it tti t ti i v t t
i t i i ki i
vy t ati;
y ii, tiiti, t vti i ti wi tiv, ti, twk t i iti kt i
iy ;
y vi t ti tw vt, ngo ivi ity i
ti t iti t t;
y i itivy wit ity i ati wi v
ti ti wit ti tiv i iti
wit tti i y k;
y tii t ati iti t International Convention or the
Saety o Lie at Sea (solas cvti), t International Convention on MaritimeSearch and Rescue (sar cvti) t United Nations Convention on the
Law o the Sea (unclos).
1.5 T p i t it T r i t tt t
ati iyki wit viw t tti ati
ity t t t y.
Global realities
1.6 T o t uit nti hi cii r (unhcr) tit
tt t 42.5 ii iy i wwi.3 Ty i ,y k ity i (Idp). Wi t tt
t ti ty v vi ity, t y i
tt v t t .
3 a Y ci: unhcr g T 2011, UNHCR, viw 26 Jy 2012,
tt://www../46879.t.
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
22/162
21Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
Figur 1: g it: 2001-2011 (ii)
Refugees IDPsAsylum Seekers
0
9
18
27
36
45
50
20112010200920082007200620052004200320022001
16.0 14.6 13.7 13.813.0
14.316.0 15.2 15.2 15.4 15.2
25.0 25.0 24.6 25.3 23.7 24.4 26.0 26.0 27.1 27.5 26.4
1.11.1
1.0 0.90.8
0.7
0.7 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.9
Source: UNHCR Global Trends 2011
1.7 my t w i tt itti i t
i t t. dvi ti pkit, I Ky t -t
t w ,4 fti t t tt 80 t w v
ti ty ii t k tti i i jt ty tt vi
t y.5 I 2011 pkit w t t 1.7 ii it 1 ii
it . T Ii ri I t t 900,000 it.6 T iti iy vtt itt i
t ti y t, tit t w vt.
1.8 s itiyi i iti t t mi et, st ai
w iky t itiy t i t i v
ity t i ti y-k fw, i ti
t y, tit.
1.9 ai t unhcr, i 2009 t t w iv i iti
tw t -ti w iv i .7 u
, i, t iiti i i ti t t ti tiivi. Ty y v titi t itt y it t
ity t ty tti ik, ii t tt t
tti,reoulement, t, itti iiiti. uiti
4 Ii.
5 Ii.
6 2012 unhcr cty oti p Ii ri I, UNHCR, 2012, viw
26 J 2012, tt://www..//4948696.t.7 u r: Tyi t t y i t ity, UNHCR, viw 26 Jy 2012
tt://www../w/i/48772.t.
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
23/162
22 Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
k it it unhcr t itiy ti i t vi
ti vi, iy t t t v.
1.10 T y k i tt itti
t w, t i ti, t t iti i wi
i fi.
The regional dimension in the Asia Pacifc
1.11 vity , t i it i iity tt i
ttiti yi.8 It i tit tt 30-40 t iti fw i ai tk
t i , it it-i.9
1.12 T ai pi i ty t 3.6 ii wi i
24 t t tt w ti.10 t, t w
iti t t 1951 Convention on the Status o Reugees it 1967 Protocol(tr cvti) i t ai pi i. I t tt wi ti t t
r cvti, y yt t v. T v i i
t i t t it vti i vi. unhcr iy
iiity i y k i t i i t it
ti yt. T it i i y k
, ity iti t t i wi unhcr t i
ti.
1.13 r titi i t ai pi i it y i iti fw.
T i tw it i iti t
( witi) t i, t t i v i iivi tti i.Iiy, t tw itt t t i iti fw: i it,
y k t tv i t iti, i t t
tt i t ik en route.11
Australias circumstances
1.14 T Ima w v iv i ati i t t v t 2012
(7,120) t w iv i tt i 2011 (4,733) 2010 (6,850).
T Ima i Jy 2012 (1,798) titt t t v ty
w t t v t ti t i w. p t iv v ii.
8 I miti, mit si, h rit: Tw c, International
Council on Human Rights Policy, 2010, viw 26 Jy 2012, tt://www.i.//
t/56/122_t_..
9 cty oti t st y 2012, UNHCR Bureau or Asia and Pacifc, viwd
3 at 2012, tt://www..//402d86.tl. s l ctxtlii Il
miti, Ittil oizti miti (Iom) mtli 2011, viwd 1 at 2012,
tt://www.tli2011./wk/Ws313/mtli_caz_Il miti.t.10 a Y ci: unhcr g T 2011, UNHCR.
11 c I miti: ai mi miti w, IOM Council Papers,
mc/In/294, 2008.
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
24/162
23Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
Table1
:
Imatati(y
y)
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
(ut
31/7/12)
Tt
aiv
200
3,721
2,938
5,526
2
53
15
7
61
110
179
2,850
6,850
4,733
7,120
34,635
V
17
86
51
42
2
1
1
2
6
4
7
60
134
69
102
584
ctyigi
aghit
22
1,082
1,050
2,601
0
0
0
0
3
0
118
1,409
2,945
1,596
2,556
13,382
Iq
4
1,672
1,014
2,216
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
187
603
313
262
6,291
I
0
71
483
308
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
97
1,208
1,595
854
4,620
silk
7
32
30
221
0
0
0
0
0
83
16
724
537
210
1,443
3,303
stt
*
0
9
128
46
1
0
0
0
1
0
3
173
947
359
537
2,204
oth
167
855
233
134
1
53
15
7
57
27
18
260
610
660
1,468
4,565
Source:
DIAC.
*Include
sRohingya,PalestiniansandFailiK
urds.
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
25/162
24 rt t et p ay sk, at 2012
1.15 o y t i iti iv. 1 Jy 1998
t 27 Jy 2012 t w 79,498 iti ptti vi y
w iv i ati y i ty i ptti vi.12 Ti
wit 33,412 t iv v t i, t w i
tti.13
1.16 ati iv 2.5 t y i i 2011, ii t iti
i iv.14
1.17 T t tiiti ivi y t t ati i 2011-2012 w,
tivy, a, Ii si lk wit t t t ti
75 t t tt iv.15 di t t k i i t iv i t
y 1999-2001, a Ii t t t t.16
1.18 ati t i t w t ati tity ki tti
t r cvti t vt it vti tt
ti non-reoulement(-t) iti vi tti t t w it.
1.19 ati it it itt t tti y t
it ti hiti p tt tt
iti v. T hiti p wi i
t t ty t t 13,750 . si
1996 it t iy iv vt t ik t
t t p. T i tt i tt it vi iit
t v vi t, wi t ty it w
i t vii ttt vi. ptti vi
t t y k , t shp t t p i
y .
1.20 t t ti i it 35 y ti,17 t 2011-12 hiti p
t i ptti vi t t t tt vi
t t shp it. T i i t
t ti i shp t (y 714 i t 2011-12 y) i ti
ii , wit v 20,000 shp iti tti
t 16,000 t i iit iy .18 T vt jity t
iti iit iy v y Ima w
ivi i ati. (attt 4).
12 s attt 5, T 9, Ima i iv i ati.
13 Ii.
14 w ay ci i ati, UNHCR, 18 ot 2011, viw 26 Jy 2012,
tt://..//i.?ti=_tt&viw=ti&i=227:w-y-
i-i-ti&ti=35:w--i&Iti=63.
15 s attt 5, T 9, Ima i iv i ati.
16 Ii.
17 nt tt ati tt i 1947. T t hit i pw ti i 1977.
18 dIac, iv 6 at 2012.
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
26/162
25Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
Figur 2: ay aiti i st Itii cti y c Y
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
AustraliaNZUK
France
Germany
Greece
Sweden
Japan
Republic
ofKoreaUS
Canada
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Source: UNHCR, Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized Countries, 2011.
Figur 3: Ky Ima i ati
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
YTD
Total arrivals Afghanistan Iraq Iran Sri Lanka
Stateless* Other
Source: DIAC, iv 6 at 2012.
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
27/162
26 Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
Tabl 2: Vi t y hiti p t 199697 t 201112
( t 6 Jy 2012)
pY rt shpt sac20
t
s-tt
t o( t)
s-tt
t o( t) Ttt
199697 3,334 2,470 3,848 9,652 81.10 2,250 18.90 11,902
199798 4,010 4,636 1,821 10,467 86.80 1,588 13.20 12,055
199899 3,988 4,348 1,190 9,526 83.90 1,830 16.10 11,356
199900 3,802 3,051 649 7,502 75.30 2,458 24.70 9,960
200001 3,997 3,116 879 7,992 58.20 5,741 41.80 13,733
200102 4,105 4,197 40 8,342 67.70 3,974 32.30 12,316
200203 3,996 7,212 0 11,208 92.50 911 7.50 12,119
200304 3,851 8,912 0 12,763 93.80 840 6.20 13,603200405 5,289 6,684 0 11,973 92.20 1,015 7.80 12,988
200506 5,699 6,739 0 12,438 89.90 1,398 10.10 13,836
200607 5,924 5,157 0 11,081 85.90 1,821 14.10 12,902
200708 5,951 4,721 0 10,672 83.20 2,153 16.80 12,825
200809 6,446 4,471 0 10,917 81.40 2,497 18.60 13,414
200910 5,988 3,234 0 9,222 67.00 4,534 33.00 13,756
201011 5,998 2,973 0 8,971 65.00 4,828 35.00 13,799
201112 6,004 714 0 6,718 48.80 7,041 51.20 13,759
Source: DIAC, received 6 July 2012. Note: Data prior to 2001-02 is based on historical inormation.
Data rom 2001-02 onwards is ully revised and may vary rom previously published gures.
Push and pull actors
1.21 dii t iti . Iivi it y if
y t w i twy titi
iti. s y iit iit t t. s
t t ti, t t i it t
tt i. y a vi ait, , iity ti ky t tt iv iti it ii I pkit. hvi
iit ity tt, wv, ii t w iti
wi iky tk it t t. Iivi wi ti ik
t ity, t t t y vt t it i iky tt
it wi i t tiity, iti i, yt
ti t, t viiity ti titi yt
iv ivi titi. (attt 1).
19 T sac w si ait cty tt w iti w iti i
200001.
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
28/162
27Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
1.22 T w t v t i twy y t if
i ti i titi y , tiv t ti w
t wt ty wi t i i ty ty. m
iti iit t t p tt ti t t iki
y i y i ti ty wt ti i jti i ity twi t t t ti.
1.23 p w ik ti iv t vy t ati t i tti
v y t i t ti ik, t ty y t y
w w t it i ti ty v v. my wi wi ti ik
it t tt t, t i ivtt, t ti itt y
ivt t iky t.
1.24 cty, t 90 t Ima i t ati i
i t tti vi t it t iy viw t. ti
t t t 95 t ti ti i( T 3 w). s t wit tiv t y iv v
wi jii viw t t tt t t miit
y itvi.20 at t t ti, wi t hi ct ii
i nv 201021, t jity i y k i ati ki
jii viw.
Tabl 3: iy ti t ky Ima i ati ( t)22
2010-11 2011-12
ai 94 96
si lk 90 87
s 95 90
I 92 86
I 95 88
av. iii 88 88
Source: DIAC, received 6 August 2012.
1.25 Wi t v t i, ty y itt wit unhcr
tt ii v t ii i myi Ii.
20 T miit Iiti citizi v w tt w i t
itv i ti it.
21 M61/2010E v Commonwealth o Australia & Ors M69 o 2010 v Commonwealth o Australia &
Ors [2010] hca 41.
22 T y ti t Ima i t ptti vi t t Ima
ti ii tt i i i y tt
t wi it viw.
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
29/162
28 Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
Tabl 4: unhcr r stt dtiti (rsd) t 2011 i myi
Ii
myi Ii
n. iirsd t( t) n. ii
rsd t( t)
a 8 75 1,676 97
Ii 92 75 275 94
Ii 160 100 461 89
si lk 553 24 145 98
a iii 16,707 90 2,890 96
Source: UNHCR 2,011 Global Trends Report.
1.26 It i t t y tii yt itti tti tt tt i tti, t vi t t,
t t t ti ty ii. Wi vty v i v
ivty v, it t tt i t y t
vty v. at ti t ty t viw ,
t v t i ati tti i vi iiy
it. Ti i ty t tt, t ttit ti ii, k
ti t tti t wit tv tti, t
uit nti viw i t i ti t i vi i
t ty ii wt t y iy i
t. Itti i t tt ati i t i vi ityti v i y k t t v i
titi tt t i w--vt .
(attt 7).
1.27 btw ot 2008 3 at 2012 tt 287 Ima (t ii w
t t) w v ati. o t, 17 w ivty v (
t T 5 w). I iti, tw ivi i t ity bii vi
t vtiy.
1.28 my t twy itti tti t i ati
i ii t vi it tti tt
ti wi witi ti tt ty wi
vi wit t. t y, t t iti t
ik itiv wy iti tti twy tw
i iti t vy.
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
30/162
29Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
Table5
:
rvIma1
J
y2008t3agt2012
Imarvycitizhi
citizhi
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
Ivty
Vty
Ivty
Vt
y
Ivty
Vty
Ivty
Vty
Ivty
Vty
aghit
0
0
0
1
0
5
0
2
0
3
I
0
0
0
2
0
45
0
33
0
0
Iq
0
0
0
0
0
8
0
5
0
1
pkit
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
sil
k*
0
11
15
59
0
0
0
2
0
0
I
i
0
2
0
60
0
0
0
0
0
0
Ii
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
Vit
0
0
0
0
0
20
0
8
0
1
uit
Kig#
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
Tt
0
13
15
124
0
78
2
50
0
5
Tto
hrv
13
139
78
52
5
*TwoSriLankanswerereturnedinvoluntarilytoPNG.
#C
lientwasadualAfghan/UKcitizenreturnedtotheUK.
Source:
DIAC,3August2012.
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
31/162
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
32/162
31Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
Chapter 2:australIan polICY settIngs: anIntegrated approaCh toWards aregIonal CooperatIon fraMeWorK
2.1 ati iy tti tti y k i t ti
i iti. Ty t tk t t i vit t
wi ty t. Ti itti ti t tt t
wi iy tti ty v ti itt iity
t ity tt ti. Ivity, iiy, t itt
t v i ti wy t tiv ti wit, i
, i itti t w i t t t
iti .
2.2 a iti ti rt i w ati vi iiiti ti
iyki tti y i itt wit t itiv
tiv wk ti i w i ittiy.
The relevance o Australias national policy settings
2.3 I t tt Ima i t ati, i iti t ii
ti ati ti iy wy t t. ai
t i tiv wit ti t i ifi t fw t ki y i ati t vy, it w i ati t
t, i tt jt t i.
2.4 nt, i ki t t fw y
k y t t ati v t t . , t i t
i iity t 2001, t i t i t 2007, tiy
it t fw y k t ati y t. bt i ati
iy tti i t i tiy it t ti fw
y k y t t ati. (attt 1).
2.5 T ii i ti t t tiv it t t ivit t i tt t ati ti iy
tti , iii, t tttiv ati i t tt
i ti. T iy tti ity if i
iti iti fw t ati, v i t i it t t tiv
t itti ti i tt i
t jtiv jt.
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
33/162
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
34/162
33Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
2.10 etiv vit iti iti t y i i
ti t tti, t, t, vi ivy t.
Ty wi t v itt t t rc t bi p
ati wi t tivy ivv i tt .
2.11 T tt vit iti t, ti rt
ti ( 3.43-3.70) i ti t t ti
i iiti i n, png y i ti myi.
2.12 T p iv it w it t i ttiv t
vit iti t tt t itv t it
i :
y ity ti wit ati itti iti;
y t w ti ii i i (uam)
viv tt t;
y t i vt i yt i ti t tti
i.
2.13 I t it ati w , wt i i itt
. at v, vii ati iy tti i
ti i t t i ti i ct T. at t v, ati t
i, iitt, t vt ti tti wit i
tt tti, itti, i y i vii
t. T tti ity i t t it,
v v ti it iy itt t wit wi
itti ik y t i. p i ti t ti vtiv ti t t t i ti rt.
2.14 T it vi t i ti tti y
ki jy i-ii t t ai pi i, ft
y t tiiti i t bi p wi i iit ai ti
pi i ti.23 gi y ii, wv, t i w
t i ti w wk i ti, i t iit t,
i tv tity t itiy itt.
2.15 I tt, y iy ik- wk i ti
tti y ki i i t tivy jtiv ati iy, ti iti t kw.
23 T i t bi p i ait, ati, b, bt, bi
d, ci, ci, dpr K, iji, (nw ci), h K si
aiittiv ri (sar), Ii, Ii, I, I, J, J, Kiiti, l pdr, m
sar, myi, miv, mi, my, n, n, nw Z, pkit, p, png,
piii, ri K, s, si, s I, si lk, syi, Ti,
Ti-lt, T, Tky, uit stt ai, Vt, Vit n, Iom, unhcr.
ot tiiti ti: ati, bi, c, dk, e cii,
i, gy, Ity, T nt, nwy, ri, ri ti, st ai,
si, sw, switz, uit Ki, uit a eit. ot tiiti
i: adb, apc, Icmpd, Icrc, Irc, Igc, Ilo, It, undp, unodc, W bk.
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
35/162
34 Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
2.16 it, it i iti ati t t i
ti wk y tti i witt ati ti
t i tt jy - t t t
tiiity v ti.
2.17 s, wk i ti tti y
i wi t tiv i it i y t t ti wi v i t
t r cvti it 1967 Protocol t. T t i tt t ti
i i wit t y k witi ti , wi
tit t t, t ti t t r cvti it pt (
i 4 w). T i ti i t tiv i
i t t iti y fw i wy tt i it
ti tt wk iy t ki tti.
Figur 4: pti t t r cvti
Parties to either the 1951 Convention or 1967 Protocol
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
36/162
35Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
2.18 Ti, iv ti i ti wk
t it i ti tt y ty t t
tti y i i ti w it, ty t it
i t wi t i t. c i ti
tt it, t vi it i ik, ty ii t tt.
Figur 5: pti t t r cvti i ati i (ii ti
t unhcr)24
PAKISTAN
THAILAND
MYANMAR
NEPAL
SYRIAN ARABREPUBLIC
JORDAN
IRAN
AFGHANISTAN
IRAQ
AZERBAIJAN
3,000,000Approx. total population of concern
1,500,000
750,000
Refugees
Asylum seekersIDPs and other persons of concern
Countries party to the Refugees Convention
Countries not party to the Refugees Convention
2.19 t, i ti wk tti y i wi t
tiv i it i itti i iy vt itti
vt, itti iti (tiy unhcr Iom), ngo
ivi ity .
24 unhcr g T 2011
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
37/162
36 Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
2.20 it, i ti i t-t -t
iti. bt it i v t tti t
t i vt, i ti t
it tti t ttt, vi i itt
rsd, t t t w kt ti ty ii.
2.21 a it, tt i wi t tiv, it t wi
, i t w t k y t i i vt
i v t w i y t ti i.
2.22 T t iti, t t t i t t
t i t bi p, i i ti
wk tti y ki i ti rt.
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
38/162
37Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
Chapter 3:an australIan polICY agenda
3.1 T wi t p vt i jtt t ati
ti iy tti i ti t. It i
tt t i itt wy. T ii
tivity t t v t t it t ik, itiity
itiv i v t twy itti tti
iti, it t t t t i t vy t
ati t .
3.2 Ti iti ati iy tti witi itt i
wk t it i wy tt i , ti v ti,
tit vt. Ti tw ky iiti itiv t twy, t t
it t iitiv t i iti ti. T p
i tt tti t i t fw y k i
t i t ti twy t ti, i
tw iti ttiv t t y tti
ii i tv t ati .
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
39/162
38 Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
p a:Proposed changes to Australian policysettings to encourage use of regular pathwaysfor international protection and established
migration programs
Enhancing and reocusing Australias Humanitarian Program
3.3 T hiti p i iit titi t ti ati
itti iti y i tti t y k w t
t r cvti. by i w- ttt
t v, ati y t iti ti i
t cvti.
3.4 ati tt tki e i t i iity t ts W W. I t w i hiti
p w ti it ti t ttt . cty,
ti itt t i iv ii
y. a t v ( 1.20), i ati 2011-12 hiti p
t t ptti vi i ati w, t t ti, i
t t tt i ati v.
Figur 6: ati hiti p
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1996
97
1997
98
1998
99
1999
00
2000
01
2001
02
2002
03
2003
04
2004
05
2005
06
2006
07
2007
08
2008
09
2009
10
2010
11
2011
12
Offshore places Onshore places
Source: DIAC, received 6 July 2012.
3.5 at t ti ii ti ti y
k ti i ti. Wi t ttt ti
t 26 i 2011, t ttt y
tt t 80,000 v y. cty, t t, y
i 10 i ttt wi vi wit tt t y.25
25 Ii.
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
40/162
39Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
3.6 a y t t i k iti i t shp t
t hiti p, wi wi t y y.
3.7 I t p viw, ati ttiy i iy
hiti p wi ti itii ity t t t
i t ati unhcr ai. s iititiv w
v ati ti itt w itti t. It w
t ti wit i t. It w iv t
t y k i t i tt iti twy
itti tti t vi ti, iti tt
ttiv t t vy t ati. It w ati t it
i ti wi iti i i i i tiy wy. It w
t ati tti t t itti ttt ti t
it i iv wy. a ttiy i iy
hiti p w tit itty t t tti
i ti y i.
3.8 T p i tt t hiti p iity i
it t v 13,750 t 20,000 . at t 12,000
t t wi w t t ti
witi t hiti p. I t w iy iti i ti
rt tiv i i t Ima, t hiti p
ivy t i t 27,000 witi v y. citi
i w t tk t ati vii i
it, t it t i p i i ivi
tiv i ti t.
3.9 T i ttt iti t t ti tti
( iti y unhcr) ttt t ai i, wit
iti t mi et ai i. Wi vii
t 3,800 ttt i ti i st-et ai, t
it tty t tt t jity iti
t ti ii i. Ti w ivv iit i i
t mi et i. s vi t
si lk, Ii Ii. ay i i t
hiti p t y t vii
ati w- ttt vi.
3.10 T p t tt t wi t it wit ii t
i t hiti p (attt 11). hwv, t
iv k, t t i t tt iky ti
it t i i t t y iv ti i
t , i ti, t t tti i t y
i . T ti i ti rt i t
Ima w t t it wit ti i tti.
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
41/162
40 Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
3.11 a hiti p tii w titi ivt
ity i wi t miit Iiti citizi
ty t i ii.26 T ci gvt t
pivt si r (psr) p i 1978, wit t 200,000
iti t c t p. T ci gvt t ii tt 5,500 t psr p i 2012. Ti
t t t 40 t c tt 2012 ttt t
13,000.
3.12 pivt ity i witi ati hiti p
vi itt titi t it wit it i i tiv,
t-tiv ity- wy. It i itt tt t ivt
ity i t iy tii t ti tti. T
p t tt it y i t v i tt t
t t hiti p y t -ti i tt
y vi iv t iititiv t t t t t .
Family reunion arrangements
3.13 a y t, t i k iti i t shp t
t hiti p wi wi t y y iti
t. I 2011-12, t shp vi y 714 iy i27 t
t t t 20,000 iti . T vii
shp i 2012-13 i iky t iity t ti . Wit
y i iy i tt twty y, t p i tt tik i t itiv i vt iy . It i
ti i it t iti i ati w w
tt t t t t hiti p, t w
t shp k v ti t iy i.
3.14 T k t t i iititiv i i y.
t, iiti t iti k iti wi t vi
i ti ti itti t wi tii fw shp it
it t t.
3.15 T pl t t t liy i tt tt idit ilylit t t lli iti ttlt d t shp. T
pl liv tt ti i ld vd lit tly i t
kl w v ivd i atli t il iti vy
l t w d t 18 t t ti t shp liti w
ldd. alit w w likly t l d t shp k ily
26 ati hiti p: p pit pivt/city r si
p, DIAC, viw 2 at 2012, tt://www.ii.v./t/tt-t-
ii/iti-.t.
27 divi hiti citt, Minister or Immigration and Citizenship,
19 Jy 2012, viw 3 at 2012, tt://www.iit.ii.v./i//2012/188299.
t.
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
42/162
41Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
i d t xiti vii t ily t witi t vll miti
p ( 3.18 dditil l t ily t t miti
p). ct liy tti ld ti lit i t kl w v
w ivd i atli t l iti twy.
3.16 T p tt t iity y t Ima t iy
t t shp v. Ima ki t i iy t ati
wi t k t t iti iy t t miti p.
Ti w itt wit ti i i i t
i wi vt i t ti t tiiti i i iti. It
t iti itiv tti Ima t k tti i t
ti ty ii t i t.
3.17 Ti iy wi t jt t t iti t shp k it t
ty (t iy t t miti p). T iti t
i t t t vi iti wi wi t t y t i ati. T p tt iiiti ivt i
t iti vi ki t t t iy
t .
3.18 I iti tt t wi t iy t, t p
tt 4,000 iti vi t tt t . T
iy t t iti vi . Ti wi iii y
it -iti vi i t iy t. pvii
iti 4,000 w t viw i t it t
i t Ima w t i ti rt
it. dti t w t t attt 9.
Specic initiatives with key regional countries
3.19 ei t twy tti ttt v
i itt ti t
wit ky i ti. Ti t i vity wy t wit
i t bi p, i ti iti t 2011 rc.
bit ti wit bi p t t t
ati iyki. a j tit ti, i myi , j
t ty, t myi Ii ky it t wit ati.Ti it ii tiv it i wk
t tivy ti v ti t t it v ati
i iy. (attt 6).
Ii
3.20 Ii i ky tti t ati wi itt.
Vit i it ti v ti v t
t i t ivtt, i ity tt, i i
vt, i it i, i t-ti tiviti i y t .
siity, Ii ati wk tt tivy c-ci tbi p.
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
43/162
42 Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
3.21 T2010 Australia-Indonesia Implementation Framework or Cooperation on
People Smuggling and Tracking in Persons w vi it
i ti i ti t tki, tti
i, i y k i wy tt t ti
itt t ti. bt itiv yi i it it.
Figur 7: Tt y k it wit unhcr i Ii
i 200328
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009* 2010* 2011
Refugees Asylum Seekers
* The rise in 2009 and 2010 refects a signicant increase in claims rom people rom Aghanistan
3.22 I t p viw, t wi it ti wit Ii
tt iity:
y I t tt t i i ati hiti p
( 3.3-3.12), ti t tti i i iti
Ii wi tit i tti wit t Ii
gvt unhcr. T t i i ttt
Ii ti y i tti wit t
Ii gvt.
y m tiv iti ti tw ati Ii
v tiviti, ii tiv t jit
vi t, tiv ti, iti
i.
y T it ti w t iti i
ti t i tiviti t it,
i ii t t t it ty wy.
28 r ay pti i Ii, UNHCR sttiti oi pti dt,
viw 31 Jy 2012, tt://www..//401306.t..
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
44/162
43Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
y c t ati w i ti t Ii i t wi
w t vy Ii t ati wit ti
ii w i t wit i ati t wit ti t t
v i Ii, iti i t t ati t i ti t
ti, ti t w t t jiiti Ii.y a ti iititiv v tw ati
Ii t t i t rc ti t bi
p i ii wit t wy ti rso.
y T ity iti Ii wit t it tki it
tivy .
y Wy i wi t aiti stt ai nti (asean)
i wk y i wit Ii.
myi3.23 myi i t ky i ty i ti t tti i,
i y k. I 2011 it t y-k
ti v 100,000 ii 85,700 17,300 y k
i iti t vy i it w ttt t wk
titi i myi. st i ti tw ati
myi i v itt i t ti, vi
t itt ii k i t wk
i ti.
Figur 8: Tt y k it wit unhcr i myii 200329
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
00,000
20,000
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009* 2010 2011
Refugees Asylum Seekers
* The rise in 2009 refects a sharp increase in claims rom people rom Myanmar.
29 r ay pti i myi, UNHCR.
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
45/162
44 Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
3.24 I Jly 2011, t atli gvt d it d td it t
wit mlyi w t t l dd l li d il
iti i t ai pi i (t mlyi at). llwi dii
y t hi c t atli i at 201130 d qt i i t
atli plit dt t t Migration Act 1958 lti t t mlyiat, t at ly tilly iltd, wit atli
ti it itt t i ttlt mlyi. I t txt t
d i i ttlt l d t hiti p (
3.3-3.12), t pl id tt ttlt ld tivly d t
ttil tk mlyi y.
3.25 I i ti t t t t myi at t i t
rt ( 3.58-3.70).
Expansion o capacity-building measures to acilitate sae and
sustainable alternatives to irregular migration
3.26 a ity-ii t i t ti vt i
itti, i ttt t t ki tti
t it i it wy. It w i iit
ti i. It w ti ti titi wit unhcr
i vt i-ii itti i. a it
w ttiy ivv t itiv i t ti.
T , wv, t t ti tt it
iity v t t t. a w, t w tti,
t ti tti iti , t i t iviy tiv t
iti t t tti t vy.
3.27 e i ity ii t y-k fw wi
i w ti i ti. ati i ti
tt w iti i t i iitti it i
t. I 2011-12, dIac w t ity $70 ii t ati
i itti t ity-ii tiviti t t
i t. T tiviti i t i
ti ity ii i i ti ($47 ii);
t i iit i Ii ($10 ii); iititiv iti t i i tit ti, ti t
($7 ii); t itti it k ($7 ii).
3.28 I t tt ti t vt i ti wk, w
iv tt ati t iviy it ity-ii iititiv iity
i it ti . T p t t v
it i t ii t
i wk iv tti, itti, i, itti,
ttt, t t iiti. Ti i i
ati i jity y dIac t ati ay
Itti dvt (aaId).
30 Plainti M70/2011 v MIAC; Plainti M106/2011 v MIAC [2011] hca 32.
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
46/162
45Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
New strategies in source countries
3.29 ai t t it i ti ii
ii tiv tti i ii ti t y i iti,
i -t t itti ity.
3.30 T vwi jity y k t v y
ti jt t ti w. T y k w v
wiy ty tivt y w v ity tity i t
ii ti. T tti i t t
t kw t ivv t ttiv t t. T t
tity t if t ii ki t y k i t ti
ti i. o ty v iit i ivtt
ti itt i i i iti t t ati, it
vy it t tt ti ti ti jy y wtv .
3.31 Ti rt iit t t ati hiti
p ( 3.3 t 3.12). a iit t i ttt
w t t ti t y tt y k
fw t ati.
3.32 It i vit tt t itti ity tivy w it ii t
tti tt vi w ty i ti t y
y vt. Ti i t ti iv tti
t vit ti t iv, ii:
y ti tiv itti i t i t i ti
tt i tti ti;y vii t (y t i unhcr) t y
twy y t itt rsd vii t
t t ty;
y vii i ttt titi t it
iity ;
y ti t t i y k w t itti
tti;
y iti t tiv w t
iti ti.
3.33 a j ttt ty, ati ti i itt
v y tiv t tti i ti. Ti
it wit t iititiv ti i 3.28 v.
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
47/162
46 Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
Better coordination o the Humanitarian Program with other
elements o Australias Migration Program
3.34 T i tiv itti t hiti p witi t
ati miti p. s it tti y v ki iti tt k t ii ty t ati t t
t t hiti p. Ti t witt t ki
iti, t wit i tti, t t vi
i t hiti p. T p i, wv, tt t
tti i it t tiy t iti ki iti vi i
iky t .
Active engagement with resettlement countries
3.35 gt ti t i wk t t y
t ttt y ati t t t t ttt
ti w.
3.36 T t tiv y-k fw t mi et,
st ai w i wi . ait ti
iy tti tiv i ti wk y,
t t it, . Ty t t y tiv
tt it tti titi ttt ti tiy
t i e, t uit stt, c nw Z w i
ttt ti t t titi ttt t i.
3.37 Ti i wi t ti v ti. bt it i
wi ati , , tk .
Establishing an evidence base or uture policy development
3.38 T pl t tt t vid t div d it d iti i
ilt, d ititiv t tl. a lt, t liyki i
d t ly til d lly qlittiv iti, t t lid
t d lyi. addi ti i vid d kwld i iity.
3.39 a w- ity t t
vt ti, vi- iy i t ti
ati iti t it vi tti t .It
i vi tt, t ti, t w t iv
tit i iti, ii wy i t v ti
ti, w ty tv tw , tit titi ti, t
i iti twy y y k.
3.40 T p tt t t $3 ii y (t viw t tw
y) w iy i t t ti iit, i
tt wi v t vi i iti
y. T v i ti wit i tti i t . It y i i wit
ti i iti tt, ngo i vt i.
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
48/162
47Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
p b: Measures to discourage the use o irregularmaritime travel to Australia
3.41 a iitiv i t t i ti rt t tivy i i
iti vy t ati t ii tti ki y. T t iitiv, wi itt wit
ati itti iti, i t t i t i tti
y. It i t tt Ima t ati t i vt v t w
i tti k y t w t i
itti t t ati iti twy.
3.42 o t i ti y ki i tt,
v ti, t i t i tti y tvi t ati i
iti vy v ti i t iy itt
t.T t w ti tti, ii ki,
viw t i tti wit unhcr.W
ttt i t it t iivi, it w vi
iiti i t i.T ti jtiv t wi
i ti wk it, wi ati t
i ti tt y.
3.43 T t i witi t vt iv i
ti wk, t p iv tt t ati pit ,
tt y, t iti tt w w t i i
iti iv i ti ti ati. Tt iti v t
t pit t vii t w iw t itiv itt tt w
ti ti t i i ti ti ati.
Processing o protection claims o IMAs in Nauru
3.44 Wi ky t itt i wk y ki
tivy iky, t wi tk ti t ti.I t itvi
i, ati t it iit .I ti
tt i iti wit t n gvt, it iiti
vi ti i n ti t i
i y Ima t ati ti ivi t wi ty wit
t.
3.45 T p viw i tt, i t t t, t tit i iiti
i n ti i y iit k t t t
i i iti t ati.It i itt t iii t
t t i t . ov ti, t vt iiti
i n w t tk t t i fw Ima t ati
tw t itt i wk t i
y i.
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
49/162
48 Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
3.46 ay k w v ti i i n w vi
wit tti w t itt wit ati n
iiiti itti w, ii t r cvti.T
tti w t w i:
y ttt itt wit it t (ii ity tti);
y it ti;
y it yi t t vi;
y t ti vti tii ;
y iti it i t ti y i;
y i it tiv ii y iti tt
w it viw y i i ngo ttiv wit
i ti;
y iti tti t y ttiv w vt ivi ity i ati n;
y vii t it t iivi it i
i n.
3.47 T Ima t t n y t t vtiy t ti ty.
I it, ti vty t iitt t it
t ii ati it wit itti.
3.48 T vii Ima i n w ti t v i ,
t iy v, w t v t ti , t
t t ati. T p tt Ima t ati
ty vi. Ti iti titt i ti i i ati w
ii t t tt y t ty i ii vi.
s t w ti t y t i ti ti iti
tti y i n t vi.
3.49 ot Ima t i vi t ati w i i n ti ti
tt i ti ttt ti i.
3.50 Itiv wt Ima ty i n t i ti tt titi
v t ati, t ii w y t . Ti iti i
ti t tt ttt w t vt v wt it wv ty vi tv t y unhcr witi t i
i t.
3.51 dii i ti t w Ima i n w w ti
y ati i i wit itti iti i t tt
vii it.
3.52 T ivvt unhcr Iom wit itti, i ttt
/ t i n t i i t w iy i
tivy tt y.ngo ivi ity
tivy i i t w vi ivy.
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
50/162
49Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
3.53 t y k i n w t , ttt ti
wit unhcr t ttt ti. I
i ttt i ati, ti w vi t ti t wt
w v vi ti i t i
i t.
3.54 I t tt t hi ct ii, t p i tt y t
t i tti i i n t i
ti wk it wit w itiv tity t
ati pit (attt 10).
3.55 citt wit t jtiv ti v, t p tt tt
y t ati gvt titi wit t n
gvt t itiy it ti t tit iity it
ity t t Ima t ati t t t.
A processing acility in PNG
3.56 I t p viw, i iti t n, ii t t t
i w i t i t t ii Ima t ati.
T png gvt iitt t i t t t it
m uti (mou) wit ati 19 at 2011 t
i y i Ima t t t m I. It
w tt titi wit png wt m I i it
ti iity wt t ti w vt.
3.57 I i t y i w t -ti i png, iit t t i ti rt i ti t n (
3.43 t 3.55) w t tit wit t png gvt.t,
vt w itiv tity w t y t ati pit.
Next Steps on the Malaysia Arrangement
3.58 o 25 Jy 2011 t ati pi miit t miit Iiti
citizi t myi at i y ati
myi. u t at, myi t t 800 t (
w v tv iy y t ati w itt t yati titi wi tyi t ati y i ) ati
t tt 4,000 ty ii i myi v y i
t t ity 1,000 y. T at t t
itt y t gvt ati myi i ti t tti,
w i t t. (attt 8).
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
51/162
50 Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
3.59 ptti i t at it oti gii i:
y -i t i wit itti t i t
t t myi;
y
itti y unhcr t ki y;y it iti t i y y unhcr;
y w i t i myi i iti ti
y i;
y i t w t i t vt titi i myi i
ti t t tti t t t at;
y non-reoulement t i i t t i
tti;
y vii it t, i yi vi
t t;
y vii -i titi (ii yt) t t;
y vii ti titi t t ;
y t v t unhcr Iom;
y tit Jit citt aviy citt t v t
at, t y-t-y i t tti v.
3.60 a t ii i t hi ct ati i i t ati
pit v t iti, y t t myi at
it, y t ttt myi tati . o ky vii t it t t i t vt
t 800 t ati titi t myi.
3.61 T wi iivi i ati i
ti t t tti it iiti t myi at.
my t v vy ity t ti p t ti
witt ii. T tt t t t -y ii
t t at, t vit iti i, t
y -t t, t it
vi, ti ti ttt w i i wit
itti w iti it t (tiy i ti tnon-reoulement, iti i myi, t ttt uam).
3.62 T ati gvt i it viw tt t myi
at vi tiv iitiv t i iti vt, tt it i
itt wit ati iti t r cvti t
it vti, tt t myi gvt i itt t iti
t at, tt unhcr Iom ivvt i t vt t
at iti.
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
52/162
51Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
3.63 I t p viw, t myi at i itt iititiv i it
ti tw ati myi i t ii t
ti t i. It i tti ii k t
wk i ti tti y i. T p
iv, wv, tt t ti t ii t t vii it at t i i t ti t vii t
t tti t tt it i t vi.
3.64 T y tti y k t t i t at,
tiity ti itti, tt t t
. T itt t wki tw vi
t tti t. pvii uam t iy v y
k t iity ti wit myi. t, i
ti t -t ik t, t i ti wi
t vi. W it, t vii tt
iv i iti wit vt ngo.
3.65 a t i ii tw t t ati myi
gvt t iitt itiv t, mou, itt,
tivy . s t t
tiity i t tt t at. a witt t tw
myi unhcr itti t at
t itt ii tiity.
3.66 T p tt tiv iti i tit wit
myi i ti t t tti t at. Tt i
ivv i i it ivi ity i ati myi.a iti i ti ki i it it t vt
ii t t v t t myi, ii uam,
ti t y tti i ti t t
t w iivi t. Ti i ik t t
i t iti vit.
3.67 It wi itt t tt unhcr i y t iv vi,
t t t t t y k ti i myi, t
t it ity t vi tti vi, it t iy
v iivi t t iti.
3.68 Iititiv t i t myi at vt t, itt
i, t wk i ti y i. Ti i
ity w ti i ati i ti t t r
cvti ttiv it i ti t
v i wy tt vi it tiv tiity.
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
53/162
52 Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
3.69 I t p viw, t myi at t tt vi
i t wy tt y t t it v vt. Ti i
tiy t i t t it vi tt it tti wi
t it i ti, tt t it t wi
. It i itt it i t p viw tt, wit itt t , t at w t y vit
y i ti t i iiti i n png tt
w i ti t.
3.70 Wt tit wit myi t it t, t i
t. I tt tt, ivtiv tiki i i wi
itt. T at titt ttiy t itt iititiv i it
i t t tk t t y t t vt. It i t
p tt ti t t iv i t vi
itiv i t ati pit iti ti i.
Family reunion changes or IMAs
3.71 a i v ( 3.13 t 3.18), t p t
t ti t shp i t w y t tiv v
ki t it wit iy i ati. T wi tt
w i t t ati Ima w t k t v ti i
t i t wi t t ti
iy t shp t y ti. ay iy i w t t t
iy iti t t miti p. T p iv ti wi
t iti itiv tti Ima t k tti t ti ti i t t ki t jy t ati.
(attt 9)
Reducing risk o longer maritime voyages to Australia
3.72 T p i tt i it t vi
ti itiv Ima tki v t ik wit ti iv y ki t
t ati i. a t t iiti i n png, t
p t gvt i w itiv t t t
Migration Act 1958 tt iv t ati i y i iti t vi iivi wit it w tt t t w t
t i , cit I (attt 10).
3.73 s t wi itt t tt itti i
ti ati t y k t vi t t
y ttti t t t t ati i.s ttt w i t
iti it i i iti tv.litiv w
tt Ima wi t ti ati, w ty
t t t ty.
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
54/162
53Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
Review o the ecacy o Australias processes or determining
reugee status
3.74 a t viy i t rt ( 1.24), t v
tt Ima t ati i. T y itt wit unhcrv t ii .hwv, t v tti ftti
i v t t it ti. T iit
tiv ii t iy t wi vt viw.
3.75 I t p viw, t viw ati rsd, ii
ty tti, w tiy . ov t y,
ti t uit Ki c v tk iit
ti iti iti t titi tt,
ii it. It w vt t wt t t
tt w vt i ati it.
3.76 s viw i witi it :
y itity i t iti;
y t y it t t i i ti itity;
y iti t t i rsd;
y t ity iti vi;
y t iy ii viw ;
y iv ity t iti ti i rsd;
y t ity ity ty iti vi t iy iik t viw;
y t t iti i ti iti t rsd t
t tt t i, itt wit ati r
cvti iti.
Turnbacks
3.77 Ti k i iti v yi y k t ati
tiy iv titt tiv iitiv t vt, t
y i it w ti, ty i, iti
iti t:
y T stt t wi t v i t t w t t t
t.31
y Ti v ti ati titi ti z (tt
i, i itti wt) ti v itt t i
ati titi ti z k t itti wt
y itti w wit t v t stt i wi t
v i it (t f stt).
31 Ti y vi t i.
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
55/162
54 Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
y a ii t t v w t i wit
ati ti w itti w, ii non-reoulementiti,
i y iiity ati ti w
v t t t iivi y v tt w t
t .y Ti v w t t itty wit ati
iti t solas cvti, tiy i ti t t
t v, i t ty t ati i ati
d (ad) ivv i y ti.
3.78 cit v i t iit tk i v
yi y k i ati v . T tt .
T ttit y i vt v vv, ii t tti t i
t it ti y iti i tiviti
i ti. t, t -tiv tti v t.
I v yi y k t iky i
t i y ttt tk t t ty i t itti.
I iti, t tti y k ati i
ti tk v t iii. (attt 8).
3.79 I iti tk iy, ati gvt w t
i t iit ti iiti t ad. I ti, t t
t ti tt t ci o i t t
t itti t ti i tk i i, w. t,
y itti t tk iy w t tk t
t viiity j ft it tt w it t t ti ti.
3.80 I t p viw, t iti t v i tiv, w
tk i v ati wit y k
t ty t i t tk t Ii. Tt itti y
i t t, i ti i it i it t
i . It w y i t iti ti v ( 3.77)
y t , i ti, i t i t ti tt it wit
i tt i t i iti wt titt w t y
ati .
Removals and Returns
3.81 btw ot 2008 3 at 2012 tt 287 Ima (t ii w
t t) w v ati.oy 17 t w ivty v.
I iti, tw ivi i t ity bii vi t vtiy
t ity. Wi vty v i v ivty v, t
tt i t y t vty v wit itti
k tt y .
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
56/162
55Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
3.82 It i t t y tii yt itti tti tt
t ti t t i tti, t vi t
t, t t t ti ty ii. ati t
t i wit ti ii. hwv, ti
ii v iit ty wi t t ivty t t.Itti i t tt ati i t i vi ity ti
v, tt w--vt i t tit tt
v.
3.83 s i tki iti viw ati tii
wit ti tt t it ti ti. It i i
t t tt vi itiv ti t t it wit
ivty v w iitiv -i. T ity t
tk ivty v wi t vty t t. a Jit
Wki stty tw dIac dtt i ai T (daT)
v t itiy ii t it tiwit ti tt t ty t t ivty t ti ti.
(attt 7).
Disruptions
3.84 ati wk y wit w t i i vi
ti t it t tiviti i yit i vt.
Tt tiv wk t t t ifw i y k
ti t ati (attt 6).
3.85 i t iiti tt t ti iti t vi t
ati i ty-i tiviti iit i.Ti i
t iity i t t ivy vt ti ivv,
t iky fiy.It it t i
i itii ti iiti tii i t i tt itiy
itt t tiv iti.
3.86 diti t , ti t , t y iv
t t y i.Ti it i ii
t tiy wit ii t ty t t tti i wy.
aiy, t vt i wit it i t vti itt tiviti tii i.
Law enorcement in Australia
3.87 lw t i i ati ti ti tiviti i ti
y ivvt ati it w i i iitti
i.
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
57/162
56 Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
Search and Rescue (SAR)
3.88 T ti t t i ati sar i t
ii ti, ty wit Ii, png t s I.
3.89 ati tk it sar iti itti ti w vy iy.I ti, ati t it iiiti y iti ittiy
t iti itt wit t vt cvti Itti
aviti miti sar m. Ti m vi ii t
itti t y itt, i ti
t t ti v iti ii wit ii ti.
3.90 citi wit ii ti wi i ati
sar titi it wi y t ti t ivt i iititiv wit t
ti t tt t ity wk it tiv ii
ti. It wi itt t ti wki wit ii ti
t itiy t i t v jit ti
ii i sar tivity witi t i, tiy t i
sar iiiti. Ti iititiv itiy t y t
i ti iti t sar jiiti.
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
58/162
57Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
ATTAchmenTs
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
59/162
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
60/162
59Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
attaChMent 1:the global and regIonal Context
miti i i t t i. h
iity i t t v, fti ii iti,
w i i iti. T ity itti
iti i i t , t y wi i iiti
y tt t iti fw, iti tt
twk. Ti w t i iity i iky t ti t tit 214 ii
itti it i t w t y ti t 700 ii w
w t iv w ty i ty (i t t tw-y
g vy).32
a tit 10-15 t t itti it i i itti.33p i t i vt, tki, v
t it t tt it tw t wti t it
ty fi ti, i i t t tivy
w vi t iti .
oi i iiti iivi wi w ti
tiv i it ti t itti iti,
ii i iti. hi t yt, i wit i w
, t itiv iivi t k yt ti ti w
ty, i t tity t itt k t iy t . T iiity
itt i t iitiv ti t vt - i iti: itt k t t vi w
$372 ii i 2011.34 bt iti i t y i tivity. It i t
fit, ti, k iti i , t ivi.
Migration drivers
miti iv t i y k it t i
ti ii t y, t i titi ti. o t y
it t yi ty, t t w- it,
ii t w, v w, t v iti t t(wt iv).
32 700 ii w wi i t it ty, Gallup Poll and Potential Net Migration
Index 2009, 2009, viw 27 Jy 2012, tt://www..//124028/700-ii-
wwi-i-it-ty..
33 Iom W miti rt 2010, International Organization or Migration (IOM), 2010, viw
30 Jy 2012, tt://iti.i.it/kt//Wmr_2010_englIsh..
34 ritt w i 2011, World Bank Migration and Development Brie, viw 27 Jy 2012,tt://it.wk./InTprospecTs/r/334934-1110315015165/
mitidvtbi18..
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
61/162
60 Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
p t tt iv iivi t ti ii y it wit
itiity vi (it i iy tti iivi), k
tity it. Wi t t v i it y v
itt i t ti iiti titi, t tit t w
vt ti t y (ca) tit ti, ti w (i) iti fw.35 p t iity vi, ti tiv ttti
iivi it ti. bt y, tiity, wt,
i t, ti iti i (wi tit t i iti)
ttt t v ti.36 hw tti i it tw
titi i , t y t t i, w ti
ti t i t i ty t titi
t vi i .
ow it y tk t it t.37 t w- it
w t v y ca, v t t ti titi, t
iy tti it tt y t i tt i. t iti t iy, ti y i ti, wv i, w iky it ti
t t t. t tt i w- it ii ki i:38
y t tiv i t ty ( iy t iity t i
t iy );
y tiv ivi i titi;
y t tv;
y ity tv, ii tti yi , w
t ti i , tit titi ti.
35 my t t tti titi ti i t Wt i ti ti.
s g miti ptiv . 34: Wy y k k i ti
titi ti: ti ky tit, Global Commission on International
Migration, 2005, 23-24 32, viw 1 at 2012, tt://www.i.it/ji/wv/it/
yjiit///iit/iy__/i//34..
36 dv, r rt: I Iiti, ei piti, CESio DICE Report
3/2011, 2011, viw 2 at 2011, tt://www....k/i//p/
t_iti/dv/1210202.. s p t itti iti: tiv t, European Commission, 2000, viw 2 at 2012, tt://www.ii.kw.
/ctt/nIdI/tt/2000/tt-2000-t1-..
37 div miti, Migrating Out o Poverty: UK Department or International Development
Working Paper 1, 2012, viw 2 at 2012, tt://www..v.k/4/pd/ott/
mitiotopv/Wp1_div__miti..
38 Wy y k k i ti titi ti: ti ky
tit, Global Migration Perspectives no. 34,g cii Itti
miti, my 2005, 2-3 23-32, viw 1 at 2012, tt://www.i.it/ji/
wv/it/yjiit///iit/iy__/i//34. .
s bt e ny, sti d i ay miti, London Schoolo Economics, 2012, viw 2 at, tt://./tt=2062832 tt://.i.
/10.2139/.2062832.
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
62/162
61Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
y k, t y t iti t iki t
iy tti i titi ty, ttiy, t vi
t, ti, i, w yt.
The global situation
Ty t 15.2 ii ( ti ti ty ii t
i itti tti t t t 1951 Convention Relating to the
Status o Reugees it 1967 Protocol(r cvti)) y 900,000 y
k (t ki itti tti w y t iy t
).39 o t, 80 t t tv y jt ty tt
vi iiti y, wi t t y-k t
vi w:40
y o v, a t vy i t w, wit
95 t t t i pkit I.
y pkit t t t wwi ( 1.7 ii,
wit t ii it), w y t Ii ri I
( 900,000).41
y o t tit 1.6 ii Ii y k i t w, t jity i
i ii ti ( 1 ii i syi, 500,000 i J, 50,000 i
I 30,000 i l).42
y st ai Ky t i t t.
T ity d i t-t Ky t t t i t
w, i t 559,000 it v t y k w it.43
39 Y ci: unhcr g T 2011, UNHCR, 2011, viw 27 Jy 2012,
tt://www../46879.t.
40 Ii.
41 2012 unhcr cty oti p Ii ri I, UNHCR, 2012, viw
26 J 2012, tt://www..//4948696.t 2010 unhcr cty
oti p pkit, UNHCR, 2012, viw 26 J 2012, tt://www../i-i/
ti/vt/?=49487016&it=go.
42 ptt r sitti Ii, University o Oxord Reugee Studies Centre, y
2012, viw 26 J 2012, tt://www.jt./-ti/ty/ii/.43 2012 unhcr cty oti p Ky, UNHCR, 2012, viw 2 at 2012,
tt://www..//4948316.t.
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
63/162
62 Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
Figur 9. pti c t unhcr (Jy 2011)
10,000,000Population size
5,000,000
500
EuropeAsia and Pacic
East and Hornof Africa
Southern Africa
Central Africa-Great LakesWestern
Africa
Americas
Middle Eastand North Africa
Refugees
Asylum seekers
IDPs and other persons of concern
Source: UNHCR Global Trends 2011
dvi ti tt t ti ii tt (ca) t t-i t wit if. mt iv iit itti
t t ki ity ii tt it tii y k
ti t ty tti itti y i vii
yt titi, ti i wy tt t itiv
w iti.44
m t w i tt i t v , i. 45
my ca v t ti y. ti pkit,
I Ky, -t ti iti y
vtt itt tit t t ti;46 tiy
w t - titi itti it tw ttt i. T o t uit nti hi cii r (unhcr)
44 ptt itti: t ti ti, UNHCR, 2010, viw
2 at 2012, tt://www../44440..
45 ptt r sitti, Reugee Studies Centre, uivity o, 2011, viw
2 at 2012, tt://www.jt./tt--itti/.
46 a sti stty, UNHCR, viw 22 Jy 2012, tt://www../
/49016576.t. s n Ti bk: a viw unhcr r t tptt r sitti i et s, UNHCR, 2012, viw 2 at 2012,
tt://www.itytwy./wr.?rI=36388.
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
64/162
63Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
tit tt 7 ii i tt itti,47 ti y
w v v y t iiti y t t
tti t i t t (unhcr iti j tt
itti i wi t 25,000 v i i t
v y). T v ti t itti i w 20 y, v i y i t y 1990.48
g v i tivy ty it it i fit
i t t . I t ti, t ity i
(Idp) wwi itty y k ; i 2011
tit 26.4 ii w i ity i49 (i 10). uik
, Idp v t itti t k tti, v t
ty y i ii . Idp y i t
tti ti w vt, v t tt vt y t
ti fit.
Figur 10. g dit 2001 - 2011
Refugees IDPsAsylum Seekers
0
9
18
27
36
45
50
20112010200920082007200620052004200320022001
16.0 14.6 13.7 13.813.0
14.316.0 15.2 15.2 15.4 15.2
25.0 25.0 24.6 25.3 23.7 24.4 26.0 26.0 27.1 27.5 26.4
1.11.1
1.0 0.90.8
0.7
0.7 0.8 1.00.8
0.9
Source: UNHCR Global Trends 2011
47 a Y ci: unhcr g T 2011,UNHCR48 ptt r sitti, Reugee Studies Centre, uivity o.
49 a Y ci: unhcr g T 2011,UNHCR
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
65/162
64 Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
Reugee protection
T itti yt tti i iti t, t:
y vttiv vt it, i wit fit
ti, ki ii itt;
y ty tti i ty t y ti t
;
y t t y unhcr. unhcr iy i t
t it w i , t it tit i t
t tt wi w t i ti iv i iity .
unhcr t t ti:50 vty titi (t), itti
ttt i ti ty. unhcr t t tit t ti
ty vty i. mt wt t t t ti w it i
t , ti i t t i t t iivi, ti ity titti ity.
Wi it, titi i tiy itt unhcr tw t
t iky t it -: tivy
t w i y itt iv t ttt i
ti ti vi t y . st tti, itti
iiti t titi ti.
l itti i ca i ttiv i w vty titi i t
i. ca y i t i t ty, t
ti k t itti i, wi ii t iki tt wi i i t ty y ty.51 bt ca t t t -t
tti tt tii ti itti i w ty, wi ft t
k ti ity t t ti t t witt t
it t Wt.
rttt i ti ty i t vi tti t w i, ity,
ty, t t it t ik i ti ty y. unhcr
y t ttt y w t t t ti
ty, w itti y t vi; i it i t iiity i
t. unhcr tk r stt dtiti (rsd), i ii
iivi t ttt ti iti tt.
ati i ti tt t w-ti
ttt . T t t ttt ti 2011 w t us (51,500),
c (12,900) ati (9,200).52 a ti tiy e
50 T utit g, UNHCR, viw 2 at 2012, tt://www..//4936468.
t.
51 l Itti, t tt sti, Migration Policy Institute, 2003, viw 28 Jy 2012,
tt://www.itiiti./t/iy.?Id=166.52 rttt i ti ty: w ii, UNHCR, viw 2 at 2012,
tt://www..//4161676.t
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
66/162
65Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
ti iv y k iti t w iv
t ti , t t vii t ttt .
Figur 11. r tt t unhcr 2011 y ti ttt
43,215
6,827 5,597
1,900939 939 479 457 430 232543
Unite
dSt
ates
Cana
da
Austr
alia
Swed
en
Norw
ay
Denm
ark
Finlan
d
Neth
erlan
ds
NewZe
aland U
K
Alloth
ers
Source: UNHCR (Note: Some countries such as the US, Canada and Australia also admit reugees under
amily reunion and other migration programs).
T ati ttt i ti tw vt ngo.
T t itk i t hiti i 13,750 , wi i
tti/y t w iv i ati t
, ttt t, wi t v w
y unhcr i i tt iti it.
rttt t itt, t ty wi t v tt itti. T
i iit tw t w ttt t
vi: t t t w w tt i
2011.53 o t t 800,000 i y unhcr t ttt,
tit 80,000 t wi iv .54
53 rttt i ti ty: w ii, UNHCR.
54 un i y tt j fit ti w ti,
UNHCR, 4 ot 2010, viw 27 Jy 2012, tt://www..//it/wt-w-/
vit/tik/12507442209528321514645/---i-y-t.
t. s un t t i wy t ttt v 800,000, UN News Centre, 6 Jy 2012, viw 1 at 2012, tt://www..//w/
ty.?nwId=42408&c=&c1.
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
67/162
66 Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
The regional situation
T ai pi i i i v iti, tiy it-i
iti, i t 1980. ri i wt i ti tiy myi,
si Ti t i iti iii my, ci, Ii, t piii.55 p i
i iiti i itiv t w ki t it. miti
ti t i, tiy st ai t mi et ii
ait, pkit, si lk, I I i . r tv vy t
y i wk, tti, w tv iti t
t. Ii myi, i ti, v ty i i i iv i
t y.
etiv , vt iit ity t ty it
t, tt tit 30 t 40 t iti witi t i i
t.56 I , ti i t i i iti iit t t t i i. myi
Ti, t iy titi i t i, t ity t ii
t it tw t. Ti t tit tw ii
it wk, y witt tt Ti tti.57 Ti i j
ty y ti iiti my, wit w iv i i
w t v t ti t ty ty i,
t ti i t .58
eiti i iti t it, witi, t i iitt y
w iti t titi ti c ati. bt y i
it t t i t i, vi ty tt t tivity tity ivi. myi i : it riy
ti iv v de acto itti tt w k
55 sitti t itti iti i et st-et ai, ri tti
wki itti iti ii tki, IOM, 2008, viw 2 at 2012tt://www.i.it/ji/wv///iit/i_/__
i_t/i_itti_t.. s g h, miti i t ai pi, Global
Commission on International Migration, 2005, viw 1 at 2012, tt://www.i.it/ji/
wv/it/yjiit///iit/iy__/i//rs2.. s
T & i i ci cii Jti n. 401: miti tki i
stt ai,Australian Institute o Criminology, 2010, viw 2 at 2012, tt://www.i.
v./iti/t t20i/ti/401-420/ti401.. s s ct
m mi, miti i t ai pi ri, Migration Policy Institute, 2009, viw
30 Jy 2012, tt://www.itiiti./t/iy.?Id=733.
56 g h, miti i t ai pi, Global Commission on International Migration.57 Ii.
58 Ii.
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
68/162
67Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
w iti.59 It i t tt y I miti aiv (Ima) t ati
iti t i t iiti t ti jy; , i vi
vi iv t i ti i t st-et ai i t t tit,
jii i iti vt t ati.
T ai pi i t 24 t t ti, wit
t 3.6 ii i -ik itti i t ai pi ty
(i 12).60
Figur 12.ai pi ri 2011: Ky t ti t unhcr
Pakis
tan
Iran,Isl
amicRe
p.of Ira
q
Myanma
rNe
pal
Thailand
China
Banglad
esh
Afgha
nistan Ind
ia
Malay
sia
Kyrgyzstan
Philip
pines
SriL
anka
Austr
alia
BruneiDa
russalam
Papu
aNew
Guin
ea0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Asylum-seekers (pending cases) Stateless persons
IDPs protected/ assistedby UNHCR, incl. people in IDP-like situations
Refugees
Source: UNHCR Global Trends 2011 and UNHCR Bureau or Asia and the Pacic Country Operations
Fact Sheets February 2012.
dit t tivy w ti ty t t r cvti i t i, -
ti iti titi ti i t i vi t wit
t (t it t t itti t tti).61 bi
ati, i iti t t t r cvti i62 ait,
ci, ci, iji, I, J, Kzkt, Kyyzt, n, nw Z,
p nw gi (png) (wit vti), t piii, s, s
I, Tjikit, Ti-lt, Tkit Tv. o t, v tiy yt i t itiy y k vi t wit
59 s c, miti ct t sti I i st stt ai:
Iiti t riy ei,Journal o Reugee Studies V. 25 (1), 2012,
50-70. s ptii ik myi t k , New Straits Times, 28 Jy 2012,
viw 4 at 2012, tt://www.t..y/tt/tii-ik-yi-t-k--
-1.114261.8.
60 cty oti t st y 2012, UNHCR Bureau or Asia and the Pacic, viw
3 at 2012, tt://www..//40286.t.61 g h, miti i t ai pi, Global Commission on International Migration.
62 cty oti t st y 2012, UNHCR Bureau or Asia and the Pacic.
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
69/162
68 Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
tti, t t t iit i t y ti. oy t
piii t t 1954 Convention relating to the Status o StatelessPersons
ty i t i yt t t 1961 Convention on the Reduction
o Statelessness. I t t t i, unhcr tk iiity itiyi
iti i itti tti, w vii rsd it tti ci png.
r titi i t ai pi i it y i iti fw. T i
i tw it i iti t ( witi)
t i. bt iiy, t tw itt t t i iti fw: i
it, y k t tv i t iti, i t
t tt i t ik en route.63 mit
ik i it y tk. p v iti
; iivi w v ti ti ii tti y tk i
i t it t w i titi, ki t ji
t iy ity twk w.
y, t iity t i y, t ity tt y, t ti titi
i itt t. It i t k t r cvti
w vi i it y k t v titi, yi
titi ti t t ik ti t it i wi ty
t ik i .
The Australian context
T ati i i iti it it tt e nt ai. uik t titi ti, t jity Ima t ati
jt ti: ait, pkit, I, si lk I (
tt). ati ti iity t t it tt t y wy
it w iv i ati witt tti i i t i y.
I t tt, ati i i titi ty i it
y k (i 13). It iv 2.5 t y i i 2011 (ii
i iti iv).64 t tivy w it y k
w v y t vi w, wt e, nt ai, v t
t e t mi et, tttiv titi t .
63 c I miti: i i iti fw, IOM Council Papers,
mc/In/294, 2008 I miti mi miti w: Iom , IOMmc/In/297, 2009.
64 w y i i ati, UNHCR.
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
70/162
69Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
Figur 13. qty y i itt i t i 2009-2011
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
Q2Q1Q4Q3Q2Q1Q4Q3Q2Q1
2009 2010 2011
Canada/US EuropeAustralia/New Zealand
Source: UNHCR: Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialised Countries (to rst hal o 2011).
bt ati i t i t tt tit t i iti
y k fw. hitiy, t i iv ki tii
tti i ati t Ima y k. si t 2008,
v 18,000 Ima v iv i ati; t y ti ti
t t iv w t , w 12,176 iv 180
v i 1999 2001 (T 6).
Ti t t iv t iti ati
tti t iit t y yt. gwi
w- y k jii i iti vt t ati v t
i t : i 2000, tit 946 v i ( )
wi ttti t ati y t, 604 t i ot 2009. 65
65 s T 7 i attt 2, n dt mii p t s ot 2001
t J 2012,Australian Customs and Border Protection Service (ACBPS), 2012.
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
71/162
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
72/162
71Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
attaChMent 2:people sMugglIng and australIa
It i it t vi iv it i. by it t,
i i ii tivity tt i t wy vii ti. Wwi,
ti i iti tt, t t w t, t t
i ti i wi ti ki iti i t t, t y.
T i w tv iy i kw, t it i tit tt
t 214 ii itti it wwi, 10-15 t ( t 32 ii )
i i itti.66 o t i it, it i iiy tt ty
i t titi t iiti ii t jity y t
vi t it i ti jy.67 my t i t
vi y k w i i it.
People smuggling defned
ati 3 t Protocol against the Smuggling o Migrants by Land, Sea and Air,
supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (mit
si pt) ti t United Nations Convention Against Transnational
Organised Crime tt tt t iti t t i t titt it
i t t.68 T i , iivi t
t i ty i it ty ( wi tt i t
ti t it) i ti i.
ati 6 t pt iii tivity, w ii tt t
iii i, tii i t tv t t
i i.69 I, si lk, Ti Ii t ti
t t cvti t mit si pt t y i iti fw
t ati.
mit i i itit tki, t t ititi t
wy t tw tiviti iy v: w i it w
66 W miti rt 2010, IOM, 2010, viw 1 at 2012, tt://www.i.it/ji/
wv///iit/i_/w-2010/4-I-miti..
67 T si mit y s, United Nations Oce on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)
I p, 19, viw 27 Jy 2012, tt://www../t/-tki/
mit-si/I-p/I_p_-_si__mit_y_s.. s
di r a t ptti i e, European Council on Reugees and Exiles,
2007, viw 27 Jy 2012, t t://www...w/i/47664642.t.
68 pt it t si mit y l, s ai, ti t uit
nti cvti it Tti oiz ci, General Assembly Resolution 55/25
o 15 November 2000, viw 26 Jy 2012, tt://www.ji./dt/cvti/
t/_t_2/vti__..
69 mit si: ty ak qti, UNODC, viw 3 at 2012,
tt://www..///-tki/-it-i.t.
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
73/162
72 Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
v t t iv it ittiv itti.
I t, it i i ti y t k itti.
s it t t , v i t it ti jy
i . Ti jy w ty v iv t ti it
itti titi, ty y vi yt ki i i . by tt, tki ivv t i itti viti witt
ti t, t y iv t itti t t
t t iitti i iti.
ati ti iti ft t iti i ti witi t
mit si pt. bt ti 236b t Migration Act 1958, i 2010,70
vi t iti ty ii ti71 ti vt
i :
y p i ivvi itti, t i .
y
p i t t v -itiz w v w it t t ati.
y pti, ki, ivi ti t
ii iti i ti wit t ty t ati -itiz
(t t v ).
mty ii ti y t v t t v y (it y i
viti t ) wit - i t t t y.
Smugglers
i iitt, i i w ik, i t i, wit
tit t tw usd 3 usd 10 ii.72 oy iit
vt v i ii iti i t i,
ti it: i it wit i i
, i k ity t ivtit t i ti. It i
t tt i ti ti, i i ii ti t i iy
viw i; i iti i iitt y i tt t
itit tiviti, tv i tt i.73
70 a y tAnti-People Smuggling and Other Measures Act 2010, vi t ComLaw, viw2 at 2012, tt://www.w.v./dti/c2010a00050. t iti t at
i vi t dtt Iti, DIAC, viw 2 at 2012, tt://www.ii.v./
iti/t/2010/100701/01072010-01.t.
71 mty ii t w it i 2001, t t Border Protection
(Validation and Enorcement) Act 2001, viw 2 at 2012, tt://www.w.v./dti /
c2004c01199/ht/Tt#_T1241066794258.
72 T Itti oizti miti p si, IOM, 2011, viw 23 Jy
2012, tt://www.i.it/ji/wv///iit/tiviti/i/10-Iom-Ibm-acT-
sheeT-p-i..
73 si mit: a g rviw att biiy rt piti,United Nations Oce on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), 2011, viw 1 at 2012, tt://www.
./t/-tki/mit-si/si__mit_a_g_
rviw..
7/31/2019 Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers Full Report
74/162
73Report of the Expert Panel on Asylum Seekers, August 2012
Ivity, t w-ik ti w i ,
tit t i ii twk, ft vity
i vi t. T t y wi
t i t i t t y t