Terminology to know:
• Anterior/Posterior• Superior/Inferior• Proximal/Distal• Medial/Lateral• Superficial/Deep
Pg. 6 in textbook
Example Questions:
The nose is _________ to the ears.
The hip is __________ to the knee.
The thumb is on the ______ side of the hand.
Types of Body MovementRetraction/ProtractionAbduction/Adduction
Flexion/ExtensionPronation/Supination
Dorsiflexion/Plantar FlexionDepression/Elevation
Reposition/OppositionInversion/Eversion
External Rotation/Internal RotationCircumduction
pg. 4-5 in textbook
Anatomy of Long Bone
• pg. 12 – figure 2.3• Know definitions and to label: – Diaphysis– Epiphysis– Cancellous bone– Compact bone– Periosteum– Medullary cavity
Key Bones• Cranium (temporal, frontal,
occipital, parietal)• Zygomatic bone• Mandible & maxillary• Vertebral column (#s) (cervical – C1-C7, thoracic –
T1-T12, lumbar – L1-L5)• Sacrum• Coccyx = tailbone• Clavicle• Scapula• 12 ribs (7 true, 3 false, 2 floating)
• Sternum & xiphoid process• Humerus• Radius & ulna• Carpals, metacarpals,
phalanges• Pelvic girdle
(ilium, pubis)• Femur• Patella• Tibia & fibula• Calcaneus• Tarsals, metatarsals and
phalanges
Pg. 14-15, 18-19, 24-25 in textbook
Bone Problems
• Fractures1. Simple fracture2. Compound fracture3. Comminuted fracture
• Stress fractures• Osteoporosis
Muscles to Know: How to Label, Function, Common Name
1. Supraspinatus2. Infraspinatus3. Teres minor4. Subscapularis
5. Rectus femoris6. Vastus lateralis7. Vastus intermedius8. Vastus medialis
9. Biceps femoris10. Semimembranosus11. Semitendinosus
12. Gastrocnemius13. Soleus
Muscles to Know: Label
1. Latissimus dorsi2. Trapezius3. Biceps bracii4. Triceps brachii5. Deltoid6. Levator scapulae7. Sartorius8. Gracilis
9. Tensor Fasciae Latae10. Rhomboid Major/Minor11. Serratus Anterior12. Pectoralis Major13. Rectus Abdominis14. External Obliques15. Gluteus Maximus16. Tibialis Anterior17. Tibialis Posterior
MOVEMENT AGONIST ANTAGONIST
Elbow Flexion
Elbow Extension
Knee Flexion
Knee Extension
Arm Abduction
Arm Adduction
Plantar Flexion
Dorsiflesion
Trunk Flexion
Trunk Extension
Thigh Abduction
Thigh Adduction
Neck Flexion
Neck Extension
Biceps Triceps
Triceps Biceps
Hamstrings Quadriceps
Quadriceps Hamstrings
Deltoid Pectoralis Major
Pectoralis Major Deltoid
Gastrocnemius Tibialis Anterior
Tibialis Anterior Gastrocnemius
Rectus Abdominus Erector Spinae
Erector Spinae Rectus Abdominus
Gluteus Medius Gracilis
Gracilis Gluteus Medius
Sternocleidomastoid Trapezius
Trapezius Sternocleidomastoid
Joint Mechanics
1. Synarthrosis Fibrous Joint
1. Amphiathrosis Cartilaginous Joint
1. Diarthrosis Synovial Joint
Synovial Joint Characteristics
Know definitions:• Articulating cartilage• Joint capsule• Joint cavity• Bursae (Bursa – singular)• Intrinsic ligaments• Extrinsic ligaments
Joints of the Body
• DO NOT MEMORIZE!• Refer to your knowledge from the bones
• Ligaments of Knee(MCL, ACL, PCL, LCL)