EnglishforSpecificPurposes
MATEFLworkshopNovember2017
Gettingstarted
WhatareaofESPdothesewordscomefrom?1.Sutures,brace,cyst,scrubs2.Torque,weld,blueprint,hoist3.Frisk,DUI,carjack,misdemeanour4.Highseason,trail,picturesque,blackoutdates
Thissession
Inthissession,wewill…
• LookatsomeoftheprinciplesbehindteachingESP
• Exploreneedsanalysis• Hands-onpracticewithsomeESPmaterial
ESPvsGeneralEnglish
• “ESPisanapproachtolanguageteachinginwhichalldecisionsastocontentandmethodarebasedonthelearners’reasonforlearning.”
Hutchinson&Waters,1987:19
ESPcourses
• Authenticmaterial– Studymaterialshouldbeauthenticandrelevanttothelearner.
• Purpose-relatedorientation– Communicativetasksshouldbedesignedtosimulatethetargetsetting.
• Self-direct– Learnersshouldbeencouragedtochoosewhatmaterialandmethodologythecourseshoulduse.
Carter,1983
Balancingstudentexpectation
student teacher
Whatyouactuallyknow
Whatthestudentthinksyoushould
know
Balancestudentexpectation
• Thebestwaytobalanceexpectationisthroughpreparation:
– Needsanalysis– Diagnosticlanguagetest– Cleardiscussionofcourseonthefirstday
Needsanalysis
• Workwithapartner/smallgroup.– CreateaneedsanalysisforagroupofstudentswhoarequalifiedPoliceOfficerswhowanttoimprovetheirPolicingEnglish.
Needsanalysis1
Needsanalysis2
Authenticmaterial
Inmyexperience,…• whenastudentasksforspeaking,incorporatelistening.
• whenastudentasksforwriting,incorporatereading.
Whatwouldyoudo?
• Watchthefollowingvideo.HowwouldyouuseitinaclassforPolicingEnglish?
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_qktOvVNXwc
Samplelessonplan
• Hereisaquotefromapoliceofficer.Whatcrimeishedescribing?
• “Thereispetrolbombsbeingthrown.Thereisbricksbeingthrown.Theyhadcontrolatthatpoint,andIthinkalotofthemknewthat.”
• (Note:ThePoliceofficerusesthewrongformofaverbinthesesentences.Whatisitandwhyisitwrong?)
Whatdothesewordsmean?
cheer scared looted joking drag
pelted billow anonymous blow masonry
Thesearecommentsfrompoliceofficerswhowereatthe
scene.Putawordfromtheboxaboveintothegaps.
“Asweexitedthecarpark,thevanwasgettingconstantly(1)____________.Thethingthatprobablyscaredmethemostwasthatthesidedoorwasabouttoflyopenandsomeonewasjustgoingtocomeinand(2)________________meoff.”
“Sincetheofficerwentdown,thiskindof(3)________________…andtheyweretryingtothrowquitelargechunksof(4)_____________.I’veneverseenthatlevelofhatredtowardsthepolice.”
Forfivedayslastsummer,Englandwas(5)______________andburnt.Confrontingtherioterswerejustafewthousandpoliceofficers.TheyheldthethinbluelinewhencontrolofBritain’sstreetshunginthebalance.
“Ihadtosay‘Youarenotgoingtogetanymoreresourcesintheimmediatefuture.You’vegotwhatyou’vegot.YouaregoingtohavetotryandholdtheHighstreet’,andhesaidtome‘areyou(6)________________?’.”
“Imean,itwasalmostimpossibletobreathe.Smokestartedto(7)_________________outfromtheroof.Myfearwassomethinginthereisgoingto(8)_________________.Whatwillhappenifaroofcollapsesorabrickwallfallsdown?Someoneisgoingtogethurt.”
“SomepeoplethinkthatthePolicearesome(9)____________________robotoutthere.Wearenot.Backathome,mywifeandmykidswere(10)___________________.”
•• Listenandcheckyouranswers(0:00– 1:32).• TheRiot:Intheirownwords:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_qktOvVNXwc
•
A. ReportedSpeechDirectspeech: “Thereispetrolbombsbeingthrown.Thereisbricksbeingthrown.Theyhadcontrolatthatpoint,andIthinkalotofthemknewthat.”
Reportedspeech: ThePoliceOfficersaidthattherewerepetrolbombsandbricksbeingthrown.Theriotershadhadcontrolatthatpoint,andhethoughtthatmanyofthemhadknownthat.
Whatgrammaticalchangeshavebeenmadefromdirecttoreportedspeech?
• Brainstormasmanyreportingverbsasyoucan…
• E.g.Toldusthat,saidthat,reportedthat,...
Tenseindirectspeech Hesaidthat…
Presentsimplee.g.Riotersoftencausedamagetoproperty.Presentcontinuouse.g.Thelootersarecrossingthecarpark.Pastsimplee.g.TheriotshappenedinUKin2010.Pastcontinuouse.g.Therioterswerethrowingpetrolbombs.Presentperfectsimplee.g.Policehavedealtwiththeriotingsince6am.Presentperfectcontinuouse.g.Crowdshavebeengatheringoutsidethestation.Futuree.g.Thepolicewillbecriticisedfornotactingfaster.
Directspeech ReportedspeechNowTodayThiseveningYesterdayTomorrowNextyear/month/weekHereThisThese
LookingbackatthecommentsfromPoliceOfficersfromthevideo,re-writetheseinreportedspeech:
“Asweexitedthecarpark,thevanwasgettingconstantlypelted.Thethingthatprobablyscaredmethemostwasthatthesidedoorwasabouttoflyopenandsomeonewasjustgoingtocomeinanddragmeoff.”
“Sincetheofficerwentdown,therewasthiskindofcheer…andtheyweretryingtothrowquitelargechunksofmasonry.I’veneverseenthatlevelofhatredtowardsthepolice.”
Forfivedayslastsummer,Englandwaslootedandburnt.Confrontingtherioterswerejustafewthousandpoliceofficers.TheyheldthethinbluelinewhencontrolofBritain’sstreetshunginthebalance.
Identify the changes between a direct and a reported speech question.
Directspeech Reportedspeech
Yes/no:Areyouready? Heaskedmeif/whetherIwasready.
Be:Whereareyougoing? HeaskedmewhereIwasgoing.
Have:Whyhaven’tyoufinishedyet?
HeaskedmewhyIhadn’tfinished.
Do:Whatdoyouthinkaboutit?
HeaskedmewhatIthoughtaboutit.
Modals:WhenmustIbethere?
HeaskedmewhenIhadtobethere.
LookingbackatthesecommentsfromPoliceOfficersinthevideo,re-writetheseinreportedspeech:
• “Ihadtosay‘Youarenotgoingtogetanymoreresourcesintheimmediatefuture.You’vegotwhatyou’vegot.YouaregoingtohavetotryandholdtheHighstreet’,andhesaidtome‘areyoujoking?’.”
• “Imean,itwasalmostimpossibletobreathe.Smokestartedtobillowoutfromtheroof.Myfearwassomethinginthereisgoingtoblow.Whatwillhappenifaroofcollapsesorabrickwallfallsdown?Someoneisgoingtogethurt.”
PuttheseeventsintothecorrectorderA___
ChiefInspectorAdelekan triestocontrolthecrowdbutitbecomesincreasingly
militant.
B___SuperintendentGomm seeshelicopterimagesofthedisturbanceandmobilisesriot
police,beforegoingtothecontrolRoom.
C___Protestersdemandanexplanationforthefamilyandareangryattheslowpolice
response.
D___ Thepeacefuldemonstrationstartstoturnviolent.
E___SuperintendentGommchecksthattheservicesmobilisationplanhasbeen
activatedandcheckswhethertheresourceswereontheirway.
F___ TheMetropolitanPoliceshootdeadalocalman,MarkDuggan
G___ SuperintendentGommmobilisestheservicemobilisationplanfromambertored.
H___ChiefInspectorAdelekan asksforpublicordertrainedofficerstobedeployedas
soonastheycould.
Andfinally
• Telltheeventsinyourownwords…
Bibliography
Carter,D.(1983).SomepropositionsaboutESP.TheESPJournal,2.Hutchinson,Tom&Waters,Alan(1987).EnglishforSpecificPurposes:Alearner-centeredapproach.CambridgeUniversityPress.
Thankyouforlistening
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