DRIVING SANE, SAFE, AND SOBER!
Athletes prepare for competition. Leaders prepare for speeches. Teachers prepare their lessons. Pilots prepare to fly.
Your emotional state affects the way you drive and the way you respond to other drivers.
Your health affects the way you drive also!
Your attitude may be the most important thing of all; in driving and all parts of your life!
Why do you think Idaho has a Zero Tolerance Law for persons under age 21?
Why do some people choose not to use alcohol or other drugs?
DRUGS:DRUGS: To use or not to use? To use or not to use?
YOUR CHOICES AND YOUR CHOICES AND RESPONSIBILITIESRESPONSIBILITIES
List some short-term and long-term rewards.
List some short-term and long-term consequences.
Is alcohol and other drug use short-term or long term reward?
Are consequences of alcohol use short-term or long-term?
Easiest way to avoid the consequences is?
220 lbs 110 lbs
8 oz
0.04 0.08
BAC FACTORSBAC FACTORS
Weight Time Spent Drinking Gender Food Alcohol Content Size of Drink
ARE THEY THE SAMEARE THEY THE SAME?? Beer
Whiskey
Wine
Cooler
Margarita
HOW MUCH LIGHT BEER (MALE)HOW MUCH LIGHT BEER (MALE) Weight BAC Ounces of BAC Ounces of BAC Ounces ofMale Light Beer Light Beer Light Beer
200 0.03 22 oz. 0.05 37 oz. 0.07 52 oz.190 0.03 21 oz. 0.05 34 oz. 0.07 50 oz.180 0.03 20 oz. 0.05 33 oz. 0.07 46 oz.170 0.03 19 oz. 0.05 32 oz. 0.07 44 oz.160 0.03 18 oz. 0.05 30 oz. 0.07 41 oz.150 0.03 17 oz. 0.05 29 oz. 0.07 39 oz.140 0.03 16 oz. 0.05 27 oz. 0.07 37 oz.130 0.03 15 oz. 0.05 25 oz. 0.07 34 oz.120 0.03 14 oz. 0.05 22 oz. 0.07 32 oz.110 0.03 13 oz. 0.05 21 oz. 0.07 29 oz.100 0.03 11 oz. 0.05 20 oz. 0.07 28 oz. 90 0.03 10 oz. 0.05 18 oz. 0.07 26 oz. 80 0.03 8 oz. 0.05 17 oz. 0.07 23 oz. 70 0.03 6 oz. 0.05 15 oz. 0.07 19 oz. 55 0.03 4 oz. 0.05 12 oz. 0.07 17 oz.
Basic Assumption: 12 oz of Light Beer = 1 oz of 86 proof liquor
HOW MUCH LIGHT BEER HOW MUCH LIGHT BEER (FEMALE)(FEMALE) Weight BAC Ounces of BAC Ounces of BAC Ounces ofFemale Light Beer Light Beer Light Beer
255 0.03 22 oz. 0.05 37 oz. 0.07 52 oz.230 0.03 21 oz. 0.05 34 oz. 0.07 50 oz.220 0.03 20 oz. 0.05 33 oz. 0.07 46 oz.210 0.03 19 oz. 0.05 32 oz. 0.07 44 oz.200 0.03 18 oz. 0.05 30 oz. 0.07 41 oz.195 0.03 17 oz. 0.05 29 oz. 0.07 39 oz.180 0.03 16 oz. 0.05 27 oz. 0.07 37 oz.170 0.03 15 oz. 0.05 25 oz. 0.07 34 oz.160 0.03 14 oz. 0.05 22 oz. 0.07 32 oz.150 0.03 13 oz. 0.05 21 oz. 0.07 29 oz.130 0.03 11 oz. 0.05 20 oz. 0.07 28 oz.120 0.03 10 oz. 0.05 18 oz. 0.07 26 oz.110 0.03 8 oz. 0.05 17 oz. 0.07 23 oz. 90 0.03 6 oz. 0.05 15 oz. 0.07 19 oz. 80 0.03 4 oz. 0.05 12 oz. 0.07 17 oz.
Basic Assumption: 12 oz of Light Beer = 1 oz of 86 proof liquor
ELIMINATION OF ALCOHOLELIMINATION OF ALCOHOLPROCESS
TIME FACTORS
BreathUrineSweat} 10% LIVER 90%
About 0.015 BAC Reduction Per Hour
Assumption: Adult male 150-180 lbs. with normal liver function
Therefore: BAC of 0.05 = 3.5 hours for removal
BAC of 0.07 = 5.0 hours for removal
BAC of 0.10 = 7.0 hours for removal
BAC of 0.15 = 10.0 hours for removal
ELIMINATION RATEELIMINATION RATEStops Drinking @ 12:30am
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1
.16=Peak @ 1:00 INTOXICATED LEGALLY (.08) @ 6:00AM
IMPAIRED (.05) @ 9:30AM
ABSORPTION ELIMINATION
HRS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
BAC
ALCOHOL AFFECTS THE BODYALCOHOL AFFECTS THE BODY
Liver
Heart
Sexuality
Sleep
Stomach
Brain
ALCOHOL AFFECTS PEOPLE ALCOHOL AFFECTS PEOPLE DIFFERENTLYDIFFERENTLY
Tolerance
Personality
Mood
Experience
Fatigue
Medication
Weight
Age
PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL USEALCOHOL USE
Attention
Memory
Emotions
Aggression
Tolerance
ALCOHOL AND SPACE MANAGEMENTALCOHOL AND SPACE MANAGEMENT
After drinking, the driver may tend to stare at the center line.
IMPAIRED VISIONIMPAIRED VISION
Side Vision
Color Distinction
(street lights)
Eye Focus
Double Vision
Distance Judgment
RISK-TAKING PROBLEMRISK-TAKING PROBLEM
The impaired brain is unable to make good judgments or smart decisions.
CHANCE OF CHANCE OF DEATHDEATH
for ages 16-19 by BAC levelsfor ages 16-19 by BAC levels
BAC Increased Risk of Death
.015 - .049
.05 - .079
.08 - .099 .10 - .149 .15 and greater
2.5 9 40 90 420
STUDY INCLUDES COMPARISON OF SINGLE VEHICLE COLLISIONS IN AGE GROUP
DRUGS AND DRIVINGDRUGS AND DRIVING
Perception
Judgment
Coordination
Vision
Mood
MARIJUANA AND DRIVINGMARIJUANA AND DRIVING Takes about 300 µg/kg to achieve a high Effects at 300 µg/kg:
Tracking Following Distance Vigilance Divided Attention
OTHER TYPES OF DRUGS AND DRIVINGOTHER TYPES OF DRUGS AND DRIVING Over the Counter MedicationsOver the Counter Medications
• Tranquilizers• Stimulants• Narcotics
Prescription MedicationsPrescription Medications
These can all affect driving
behaviors and
abilities
Driving While “Driving While “FatiguedFatigued””
• *64% of Americans get less than 8 hours of sleep each night.• *30% of Americans get less than 6 hours of sleep each night.• *Drowsiness causes an estimated 100,000 police-reported
crashes in America each year, resulting in 76,000 injuries and 1,500 deaths.
• *Some studies have shown that up to 20% of U.S. crashes are sleep-related; 1 in 5 crashes! If this is true - it’s an epidemic.
• 23% of those in sleep-related crashes reported not feeling tired at all before the crash! You can’t rely on “feeling” tired as your warning.
*AAAfoundation.org
A Body Response
Follows a Period of:
• Extended mental activity
• Extended physical activity
May also be caused by:
• A heavy meal
• A period of time after having too much caffeine (regular use can result in chronic adrenal exhaustion)
• Disruption of the natural sleep cycle
Characterized by:
• Reduced capacity to perform tasks
• Reduced abilities to concentrate
What is FATIGUE?What is FATIGUE?
• Those who are sleep-deprived• Those who drive during high-risk times of day or night• Those who drive during high-risk or high-stress conditions• Those who consume alcohol or use medications or drugs
that interfere with ability to maintain alertness
TIRED VS. DRUNK
Studies show that tired drivers are just as (or more) dangerous than drug or alcohol-impaired drivers on the road!
How many people in this room are:drunk right now? High on drugs? Distracted?
How many of you are tired? It is similar out on our roads. More people are
tired than otherwise impaired or distracted.
Symptoms of FatigueSymptoms of Fatigue Inability to keep fixed attention
Impaired memory
Slower reaction time
Difficulty / slowness in reasoning
Weakness / tired muscles
Strategies for Driving While Strategies for Driving While FatiguedFatigued
Avoid long drives
Avoid leaning forward
Keep your eyes moving
Let in fresh air
Change drivers regularly
Adjust in-car temperature (not too hot or cold)
Drink some caffeine
Take breaks to get out and stretch
Drowsy driving is dangerous to yourself and others on the road.
Drowsy driving is similar to driving drunk or drugged.
Drowsy driving must become as socially unacceptable as drunk driving.
Support one another by promoting a good night’s sleep before a long drive, sharing driving duties if allowed, and being a good passenger and keeping the driver aware and awake.
Aggressive DrivingAggressive Driving
Speeding
Running signs or lights
Tailgating
Weaving in and out of traffic
Failing to yield the right of way
Cutting off other drivers
Yelling or honking your horn at other drivers
Road RageRoad Rage
When aggressive driving becomes violent it is road rage
• Pursuing another vehicle in a chase• Leaving your car to confront another driver• Intentionally bumping or ramming another car.• Physically assaulting another driver• Using a car as a weapon• Displaying a weapon• Firing a gun or using another weapon
Road Rage!
Formula for Road RageFormula for Road Rage
+More Cars
Less SpaceMore Driver Interactions
Increased cultural disrespect and
selfishness
=
Self-Imposed AnxietiesSelf-Imposed Anxieties
“I’m going to be late if I don’t hurry up.”
“Why are these cars going so slow?”
“We’ll never make it.”
“If only I had gone a little faster, I
could’ve made it.”
“Oh no! Red light!”
Anger Containment TechniquesAnger Containment Techniques
Don’t respond
Don’t engage
Don’t up the ante
Swallow your pride
Choose the road
“less traveled”
What is there to
prove, really?
DEALING WITH ANGER DEALING WITH ANGER
How will you respond?
Reducing Driver Distractions
Photo courtesy of the AAA Foundation
DRIVER DISTRACTIONS
Each year, more than 40,000 people are killed in motor vehicle crashes and over three million are injured!
Research indicates that driver distraction is a contributing factor in more than 25% of all crashes
Source: AAA Foundation Research
8.6%
25.6%
0.9%
1.5%
1.7%
2.8%
2.9%
4.3%
10.9%
11.4%
29.4%
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Unknown Distraction
Other Distractions
Smoking
Cell Phones
Eating, Drinking
Vehicle Controls
Other Objects in Car
Moving Objects in Car
Other Occupants
Adjusting Radio, CD, etc.
Things Outside the Car
DRIVER DISTRACTIONS- OUTSIDE THE VEHICLE
Bright vehicle lights Billboards and signs Driver being chased by police Officer directing traffic Animal in roadway (deer, dog,
elk, etc. )
Photo courtesy of the AAA Foundation
DRIVER DISTRACTIONS- OUTSIDE THE VEHICLE
Sunrise, sunset People in roadway (child, basketball game, crowd, etc) Objects in the roadway (broken glass, garbage can, etc.
holes) Crash scene
Photo courtesy of the AAA FoundationPhoto courtesy of the AAA Foundation
DRIVER DISTRACTIONS- INSIDE THE VEHICLE
Eating or drinking Other occupants in the
vehicle Moving object in
vehicle All actions involved
with smoking can be a distraction
Photo courtesy of the AAA Foundation
Photo courtesy of the AAA Foundation
DRIVER DISTRACTIONS- INSIDE THE VEHICLE
Dialing, talking, texting or looking up information on a cell phone
Adjusting radio, cassette, or CD Using device/object in the vehicle Using vehicle devices or controls Picking up a dropped object
Photo courtesy of the AAA Foundation
PROBLEMS WITH DRIVER DISTRACTIONS ARE NOT NEW
Some of the “old” distractions that continue to cause problems are children and babies, cigarettes, drinks, radios and audio players, and insects or bugs that find their way into the vehicle.
Photo courtesy of the AAA Foundation
PROBLEMS WITH DRIVER DISTRACTIONS ARE NOT NEW
Newer” distractions include GPS navigation systems, digital music, On-Star roadside assistance, and cell phones.
Photo courtesy of the AAA Foundation
NEW ISSUE OR OLD ISSUE?NEW ISSUE OR OLD ISSUE?
Driver Distractions from 1913-2010
19831913 201019541930
Windshield Wipers
Radios Drive-UpWindows
Mobile Phones
Email,Internet, texting,
etc.
2000
MP3 and DVD players
DRIVER AGE GROUPS DISTRACTIONS
Drivers under age 20 are more likely than older drivers to be identified as distracted at the time of their crash.
20-29 year-olds use a cell phone frequently.
30-49 year-olds eat and drink more often in the car.
50 plus drivers are more distracted by outside objects and events.
Photos courtesy of the AAA Foundation
WHEN DISTRACTIONS LEAD TO COLLISIONS
Distractions and inattention cause 68% of rear-end crashes.
Other typical crashes include backing up, making lane changes, and merging. Photo courtesy of the AAA Foundation
HIGH RISK DRIVING DISTRACTIONS
Reading and writing. Manipulating vehicle controls for
extended periods of time. Focusing on an external
distraction. Having emotionally charged
discussion with passengers. Reaching for objects inside the
vehicle. Dialing a cell phone. Carrying on a cell phone
conversation. Performing grooming activities
when the vehicle is moving. Texting
WHEN DISTRACTIONS LEAD TO COLLISIONS
High-risk drivers tend to have higher levels of no hands on the steering wheel, their eyes are directed inside rather than outside the vehicle, and their vehicles wander in the travel lane or cross into another travel lane.
Photo courtesy of the AAA Foundation
DISTRACTIONS ARE AFFECTING DRIVER LAWS
Many states are passing, or looking into passing, laws regarding driver distractions.
DISTRACTIONS ARE AFFECTING DRIVER LAWS
Much of this attention stems from the enormous increase in cell phone use by drivers and the prospect of similar growth in other in-vehicle technologies.
Photo courtesy of the AAA Foundation
NEW VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY ─ HELPFUL OR HARMFUL?
Drivers must use new technology responsibly while driving.
Electronic devices can enhance safety in many ways.
When stuck in traffic, using a mobile phone to say you'll be late can reduce stress and make drivers less inclined to drive aggressively.
Any activity that takes your attention from the road makes the driving task more dangerous!
Photo courtesy of the AAA Foundation
NEW VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY- HELPFUL OR HARMFUL?
Vehicle navigation systems help drivers locate addresses and guide them to their destination.
Wireless Internet and messaging are becoming the norm on my phones and in many new vehicles.
In-vehicle DVD movie players are popular for passengers to pass time when going on a lengthy trip.
Are movies a distraction for drivers?
Photo courtesy of the AAA Foundation
CONSEQUENCES OF DISTRACTED DRIVING Distracted driving is one of the leading
causes of collisions. It forces drivers to make sudden decisions. Drivers can easily be involved in a collision.
Photo courtesy of the AAA Foundation
CONSEQUENCES OF DISTRACTED DRIVING
Each year, more than 40,000 people are killed in motor vehicle crashes and over three million are injured.
Distracted driving contributes to over 1,500,000 collisions each year.
That’s 4,300 collisions each day 179 Collisions every hour.
DIVIDED ATTENTION TASKS
Divided attention can lead to missed brake lights, missed traffic sign or signal, missed animal or pedestrian, or a drift out of the lane position.
Photo courtesy of the AAA Foundation
DIVIDED ATTENTION TASKSA driver can learn to operate
the vehicle with simple eye, hand, and feet coordination.
However, the driving task is a mental process that needs constant attention to the path of travel in order to keep the vehicle within the lane space and adjust to any restrictions in the path of travel.
Photo courtesy of the AAA Foundation
DIVIDED ATTENTION TASKS It is important to recognize that taking
attention from the path of travel means the vehicle is moving on the roadway without the driver seeing where the vehicle is going or mentally processing any new information.
Source: Unknown
DIVIDED ATTENTION TASKS
It is critical never to look away from the path of travel for more than ½ second at a time without moving visual and mental attention back to the path of travel.
Photo courtesy of the AAA Foundation
LEARNING HOW TO HANDLE DISTRACTIONS
Learning to drive involves learning how to develop divided attention to different tasks.
Know how to operate the vehicle controls.
Be able to keep the vehicle on the road. Be able to keep the vehicle in the lane. Be able to place the vehicle in different
lane positions. Be able to avoid risk.
Photo courtesy of the AAA Foundation
CELL PHONE STRATEGIES A "hands-free" apparatus may be helpful, but
they can't prevent drivers from becoming involved in a conversation and losing concentration.
If you must use a cell phone, especially to text, safely pull over to the side of the road.
If drivers must respond to an emergency while driving, use speed dial features and a hands-free kit.
Alert the caller that you are on the road.Keep calls as brief as possible .
IDAHO’S TEXTING AND DRIVING LAW
Starting July 1, 2012, no driver in the state of Idaho can text while driving.
BUT WHAT IS “TEXTING?”
The definition of texting is: “reviewing, manually preparing, or transmitting written communication by a handheld wireless device.”
WHAT ABOUT….?
Calling someone? Dialing a number or answering a call is fine. Scrolling through an address book is not.
Hands-free or voice activated? Both are fine!
Using a GPS device or GPS app? No, it is “reviewing written communication.” Do all mapping and trip planning before driving
or when stopped.
OR…?
Just reading a text message? Definitely not legal or safe. No.
Facebook posts or messages? No. They are as dangerous as text messages.
Looking up the time a movie starts? No. That is reviewing written communication.
Activating or deactivating a phone feature or function? Yes. This is legal.
So a cell phone can pretty much only be used as a phone while driving?
EVEN BETTER…
CHILDREN AND DRIVING
Make sure children are comfortable and properly buckled up.
To keep children from distracting the driver, provide them with safe items they may need for the road trip.
FOOD AND DRIVING
Give yourself a break from the traffic and enjoy your refreshments outside the car.
Someone choking on food or spilling liquid in the vehicle can take the driver’s attention off the road.
Photo courtesy of the AAA Foundation
OTHER STRATEGIES FOR REDUCING RISK
Avoid reading while driving. Finish grooming before driving. Don't rely on the time in your vehicle to
take care of personal routine such as applying make-up, combing hair or shaving.
Photo courtesy of the AAA Foundation
CONCLUSION
As a new driver, keep 100 percent of your attention on driving until you get better at doing multiple things at once in the car.
Photo courtesy of the AAA Foundation