Do Now(silent and independent)1. Pick up a blue sheet from the front of the
classroom _ _ _ _ _ _ _
2. Fold it hotdog style 3. Write you name on one side BIG AND BOLD
Hinton X H I N T O N H I N T O N √√ 4. On the back of that write your reason for
taking this class (ex. “for the credit” “it relates to my career”) in a complete sentence.
5. On the inside write an interesting fact about you (complete sentence).
Once you finish pull out your composition notebook
Composition Notebook Setup 1. IT HAS TO BE A COMPOSITION NOTEBOOK! (nothing
else will be excepted)2. If you wrote in your book already, IT IS OK3. The first 3 blank pages of your book needs to be the table of
contents
Table Of Contents Page # Title Date1 Table of Contents 4 Objectives8 Do Now22 Unit 1 8/28
185 Exit Ticket
Date each objective, do now, and exit ticket on the page that you are writing them on (not in the table of contents)
Number each page on the bottom outer corner
OBJECTIVES Do Now8/27 8/29
8/27 SWBAT explain 1+1 1. 1.8/28 SWBAT ……. 2.
8/281.2.
Pg.4 Pg.15
Fill up the page before you go to the next page
“You can observe a lot by just watching.”-Yogi Berra
Objectives: SWBAT -+-+ primary and secondary crime scene and evidence SWBAT construct a diagram and reconstruct a crime scene
What is evidence? Something that tends to disprove or establish a
fact. Includes
Documents Testimony Objects
http://wilmothighschool.com/jochl/files/2011/02/FSci-Ch-02.pdf
Two types of EvidenceTestimonial
EvidenceStatement made
under oathWhat is said in court
by a competent witness
Also called direct evidence
Physical EvidenceTangible items that
tend to prove some material fact
real evidence
Testimonial evidence Eye witness accounts provide important evidence Eye witnesses Heavily influence juries But are they accurate?
New information affects eye witness accounts Mug shots Leading/Suggestive questions
Memory errors Time between the crime and questioning of witness can affect what
they remember Perception errors
Too dark Encounter too brief Presence of weapon diverted witnesses attention
The Innocence ProjectNational organization dedicated to
exonerating wrongfully convicted people through DNA evidence
Eye witness misidentification is the number one cause of wrongfully convictions nationwide
As of 2008, the Innocence Project exonerated 212 wrongfully convicted poeple
Common Types of Physical Evidence
Drug and toxic substance
Resins, plastics Fingerprints
Paints Explosive residues Hair
Gun shot residues (GSR)
Serial numbers Tissues
Firearms and ammunition
Documents Pollen
Impressions Fibers Wood material
Petroleum products Soil Feathers
Alcohols (esp. ethanol)
Glass Bones
Rubber material Blood and other body fluids
Tool marks
"Wherever he steps, whatever he touches, whatever he leaves even unconsciously, will serve as silent witness against him. Not only his fingerprints or his footprints, but his hair, the fibers from his clothes, the glass he breaks, the tool marks he leaves, the paint he scratches, the blood or semen he deposits or collects -- all of these and more bear mute witness against him."
—Dr. Edmond Locard
Physical EvidenceTangible items that tend to prove or disprove a fact“Real Evidence”Physical evidence refers to any material items that would be
present at the crime scene, on the victims, or found in a suspect’s possession.
Type of evidence forensic scientists are most interested inForensic scientists will…
Observe physical evidenceDetermine identityDetermine origin
Physical evidence…Can be any material or objectTake any form
Large as a buildingFleeting as an odorSmall as a hairMicroscopic as DNA
Much more reliable than testimonial evidence
Types of Physical EvidenceTrace EvidenceTransient evidenceConditional EvidenceIndirect EvidenceCircumstantial EvidenceIndividual evidenceClass evidence
Trace Evidence• Trace evidence refers to physical evidence that is found in small
but measurable amounts, such as strands of hair, fibers, or skin cells.
Not all evidence is permanent…Transient evidence
Temporary evidenceCan be easily changed or lostUsually observed by first officer on scene and must be
recorded at that timeExamples?
Odors Perfume, cigarette smoke, gas
Temperature Coffee pot, car hood, water in bath tub, dead body
Imprints Footprints in sand, fingerprints in dust, teeth marks in
perishable food
Conditional EvidenceProduced by a specific action or event at the
scene Must be observed and recordedExamples
LightsGarage doorDoorsWindowsPosition of bodyPosition of furniture
Indirect EvidenceEvidence that does not prove or disprove a
fact in questionEvidence providing only a basis for inference
about a disputed factMay prove something like the possession of
controlled substances or driving under the influence
Circumstantial EvidenceEvidence based on suggestion rather than
personal knowledgeImplies a fact or event without actually proving itThe more circumstantial evidence there is, the
greater it weighsProbability and statistics importantExamples
Blonde hair found in hand of murder victim with black hair
Size 10 sneaker print near the body
Significance of Physical EvidenceIndividual Evidence Class Evidence
Material that can be related to a single source
Narrows an identity to a single person or thing
ExamplesDNAFingerprintsHandwritingSome physical evidence
Piece of glass that fits another piece like a jigsaw puzzle
Material that can be associated with a group of items that share properties or characteristics
Object is similar to group of similar objects but not one single object
Narrows an identity to group of persons or things
Examples Blue jeans
We can use some individualization such as length, style, brand, shade, surface treatment but there are still thousands of jeans like that
1. Direct or circumstantial evidence? 2. Physical or biological evidence? 3. Class or individual evidence?
Value of Physical EvidenceCan prove crime has been committed
Gasoline at a scene of a fireBack up witness testimony or disprove it
Test blood stains of suspectsLink suspect with victim or crime scene
Broken glass of headlight in cuff of suspects pants at scene of hit and run
Determine identity of people associated with crime Fingerprints, DNA
Allow investigators to reconstruct a crime Blood spatter patterns
Sketching the Scene
http://www.rocklin.k12.ca.us/staff/lbrun/chemweb/Forensics/Unit_2_CSI_&_Evidence/Notes_Unit_2-CSI_&_%20Physical_Evidence.pdf
Exit TicketFor each picture, tell me if its a. circumstantial or direct evidence
b. Physical or biological evidence c. Class or individual evidence
12
34