Digestion
• What polysaccharide is difficult to digest leading to ruminants developing a more sophisticated digestive system?
• What part of the body secretes the substance that neutralizes stomach acid?
• The term for the place where digestion takes place in the Cnidarians.
• What inorganic substance is needed in small amounts to assist in the formation of hemoglobin molecules?
• What is the term for the circular muscles that allow a tube to be closed?
Circulatory system
• What type of blood vessel is where nutrients leave the circulatory system to the cells?
• What is the term for damage to the brain usually caused by a thrombosis or hemorrhage?
• What kind of cholesterol reduces arteriosclerosis plaques?
• What part of the heart is the natural pacemaker?
• What is the term for the test that determines the % of RBC in a person’s blood?
Match Humoral immune system terms with function
1. B cells A. proteins that immobilize antigens2. Plasma cells B. foreign particles 3. Antibodies C. release interleukins to stimulate B cells4. Antigens D. release the immunoglobulins5. Helper T cells E. chemicals that stimulate B cells6. Interleukins F. antibodies recognize only certain
antigens7. Specificity G. make the antibodies
Respiratory
• What is the muscle that increase the volume of the thoracic cavity causing air to rush into the lungs?
• What type of breathing uses this process in the previous question?
• What two gases are normally carried by hemoglobin? • What type of cells are responsible for making the
connective tissue that supports the trachea’s structure?
• What is the portion of the circulatory system dealing with lungs referred to as?
• What is the term for the fluid in the open circulatory of the insect?
Answer
• Diaphragm
• Negative pressure
• Oxygen and carbon dioxide
• Cartilage
• Pulmonary
• hemolymph
Functional unit
• What is the functional unit of the following?– Nerve– Muscle– Lung– Kidney– organism
Misc. questions
• What are the chemicals that are released by help T cells to stimulate the B cells?
• Where would you find the glomerulus? • What part of the cell is the site of protein
synthesis? • What part of the blood carries the hormones? • What are foreign substances that enter the body
called? • What level of protein structure is found in the
antibodies as they have four polypeptide chains?
Answers
• Arteries go away from the heart
• Arteries have thicker walls
• Veins have valves
• Veins have lower blood pressure in them
• Veins usually carry deoxygenated blood
• Blood pressure is taken using arteries
More questions• What organ makes bile? • What organ has cartilaginous rings that keep it open
to maximize oxygen getting to the lungs? • What type of nitrogenous wastes are released by
humans? • What type of nitrogenous wastes are released by
freshwater fish? • What is the tube that carries urine away from the
bladder? • What blood vessel carries blood away from the right
ventricle? • What part of the brain is responsible for screening
messages to avoid overstimulation of the cerebrum?
answer
• Ca+2• Na+• K+• Neurotransmitter• Na channel protein• Phosholipid of membrane• K channel• Ca channel• Receptor protein • Acetylcholine• Cholinesterase
Short answer questions
• What are the four parts that stimulate the heart beat in order?
• What are the three types of nitrogenous waste in vertebrates?
• What are the four types of cell junctions?
Answers
• SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, Purkinje fibers
• Ammonia, uric acid, urea
• Plasmodesmata, tight junctions, desmosomes, gap junctions
answer• Red blood cell• Erythrocyte• White blood cell• Leukocyte• Platelet• Thrombocyte• Esosinophil• Monocyte• Basophil• Neutrophil• lymphocyte• Macrophage• T cell• B cell• Killer or cytotoxic t cell• Supressor t cell
Answers
• NOTICE position of aorta gives you the left ventricle along with its size
• B left atrium• C left ventricle• D aorta• E pulmonary artery• F right atrium• G right ventricle
Answer
• C = carbon dioxide• A = acetyl Co A• P = pyruvate or PGAL• O = oxaloacetate• R = RuBP• G = glucose • PGAL, carbon dioxide, RuBP, and glucose are
involved in photosynthesis (one point each)
Misc questions
• What enzyme is responsible for breaking down hydrogen peroxide in cells?
• What statistical test compares expected and observed outcomes?
• What line of defense would mucus belong to? • What gland releases bicarbonate ion into the
duodenum? • What part of the mitochondrion does the Kreb’s
cycle take place in? • How many different amino acids are there?
Kidney
• Label: A, B, 1, 6, 7, 4, 8
A
B
Answer
• A renal cortex
• B ureter
• 1 glomerulus
• 6 bowmans capsule
• 7 proximal convoluted tubule (before loop)
• 4 loop of henle
• 8 collecting duct