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DIGESTIVE ANATOMY
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TOPIK
Abdominal wall
Primary organ abdomen
Accessories organ abdomen
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ABDOMINAL WALL
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Abdomen is a closed cylinder with a musculo-
skeletal wall.
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Inside are the wall are the liver,
intestines, kidneys, etc.
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Abdominal Muscles Increase Intra-abdominal pressure
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Abdomen defined by diaphragm above, pelvic brim below, and
vertebral bodies ribs and muscles posteriorly, and laterally.
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To get in the abdominal cavity you must go through skin, 2 superficial
fascias (fatty and membraneous). 3 muscles layers (or one),
transversalis fascia, parietal peritoneum.
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MUSCLES OF THE ANTEROLATERAL ABDOMINAL WALL
LINEA ALBA
TENDINOUS
INTERSECTION
RECTUS
ABDOMINIS
INGUINAL
LIGAMENT
TRANSVERSUSABDOMINIS
INTERNAL OBLIQUE
EXTERNAL OBLIQUE
APONEUROSIS OF
EXTERNAL
OBLIQUE
SUPERFICIAL
INGUINAL RING
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MUSCLES OF THE ANTEROLATERAL ABDOMINAL WALL
RECTUS SHEATH
APONEUROSES
TA
IO
EO
BELOW THE ARCUATE LINE ALL APONEUROSES PASS IN
FRONT OF THE RECTUS ABDOMINIS
ABOVE THE ARCUATE LINE THE APONEUROSIS
OF THE INTERNAL OBLIQUE SPLITS TO ENCLOSE
THE RECTUS ABDOMINIS
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Vessels of the Anterolateral Abdominal
Wall
Internal
thoracic
vessels
Inferior
epigastric
vessels
Superiorepigastric
vessels
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Nerves of the Abdominal Wall
Ventral Rami of T6 to L2
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MUSCLES OF THE ANTEROLATERAL ABDOMINAL WALL
EXTERNAL OBLIQUE
BILATERAL ACTION:
ASSISTS RECTUS ABDOMINIS
IN FLEXING VERTEBRAL
COLUMN, COMPRESSING
ABDOMINAL WALL, AND
INCREASING INTRA-
ABDOMINAL PRESSURE
UNILATERAL ACTION:
AID BACK MUSCLES IN
ROTATION AND
LATERAL FLEXION
NN. = T7-T12
INTERNAL OBLIQUE
NN. = T7-T12, L1
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MUSCLES OF THE ANTEROLATERAL ABDOMINAL WALL
RECTUS ABDOMINIS
RECTUS
ABDOMINIS
BILATERAL:
FLEXION OF VERTEBRAL
COLUMN, COMPRESSION
OF ABDOMEN, INCREASE
IN INTRA-ABDOMINAL
PRESSURE
UNILATERAL:
ASSISTS BACK MUSCLES IN
LATERAL FLEXION AND
ROTATION
NN. = T7-T12, L1
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Psoas and quadratus lumborum form posterior wall.
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Psoas + Iliacus = IliopsoasMost Major Hip FlexorCrosses under
Inguinal Ligament with Femoral Nerve, and External Iliacs (become
Femoral a and v.
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Inguinal Ligamentinferior border of aponeurosis ofexternal oblique muscleattaches to ASIS and pubic tubercle
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PERITONEUM
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Peritoneum
Peritoneum Visceral : menutupi hampir
sebagian besar organ2 dalam rongga perut.
PeritoneumParietal : Lapisan dalam dari
dinding perut.
Rongga Peritoneal : rongga yang terletakantara 2 lapisan peritoneum yang berisi
cairan.dr Lucky Brilliantina, Anatomi
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Peritoneum & MesenteriumPeritoneum(Selaput
perut)Visceral: menutup organ
dalam rongga abdomen
Parietal: menutuppermukaan dalam dindingtubuh
Retroperitoneal: dibelakangperitoneum seperti ginjal,pankreas, duodenum (tak adamesenterium)
Mesenterium
Meletakkan organ padatempatnya
Jalur dimana saraf danpembuluh darah berjalandari dinding badan ke organ.
1
2
Omentum : lipatan/kantong di dalam peritoneum
Omentum Mayusbanyak lemak, dari kurvatura mayor lambung dancolon transversalis
Omentum Minus berhubungan dg kurvature minor lambung dan
ujungatas duodenum , hati , diafragma membentuk mesenterium usus halus
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Fungsi peritoneum:
Menutupi sebagian organ perut dan pelvis
Pembatas halus sehingga organ dalam
rongga peritoneum tak saling gesek
Jaga posisi dan hubungan organ dengan
dinding belakang perutTempat kelnjar limfe dan pembuluh darah
untuk membantu melindungi infeksi
kumandr Lucky Brilliantina, Anatomi
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I t it l Abd i l O d i d f f t (B)
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Intraperitoneal Abdominal Organs derived from foregut (B)
have a dorsal and ventral mesentery. Midgut derived organs
(A) lack a ventral mesentery.
A
A
B
B
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Parietal peritoneum serous membrane lining
the abdominal cavity (spacebetween)
Visceral peritoneum serous membrane covering theinternal organs
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Ri h d L f C li Fl
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Right and Left Colic Flexures
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Some Organs Lose Their Mesentery
and Become Retroperitoneal
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INTRAPERITONEAL
VS.
RETROPERITONEAL
INTRAPERITONEAL ORGANS ARE ALMOST COMPLETELYCOVERED WITH VISCERAL PERITONEUM
THEY are suspended or protrude in into the peritoneal
cavity, but are not actually in i t.
RETROPERITONEAL ORGANS ARE LOCATED between the
paeietal perinoneum and the body wall itself. -They may be partiall y
covered by parietal peri toneum
Subperitonealsome organs lie below the
peritoneum in the pelvis, e.g. The uterus and
bladder.27
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PARIETAL PERITONEUM Bl
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PARIETAL PERITONEUMBlue area
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MESENTERY PROPER
TRANSVERSEMESOCOLON
NOT SHOWN: MESOAPPENDIX, SIGMOID MESOCOLON
The Adult Mesenteries
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LESSER OMENTUM
A double layer of
peritoneum extending
from the porta hepatis
of the liver to the lesser
curvature of the stomach
and the beginning of
the duodenum
GREATER OMENTUM
a double layer of peritoneum
attached to the greater
curvature of the stomachsuperiorly and the transverse
colon inferiorly; it hangs down
like a fatty apron over the
abdominal viscera
GREATER AND LESSER OMENTA
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LESSER SAC OR
OMENTAL BURSA
GREATER SAC
SUPRACOLIC
GREATER SAC INFRACOLIC
TWO PERITONEAL
SACS
TRANSVERSE
MESOCOLON
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Rotation of the Stomach Forms the Lesser Sac of the
Peritoneal Cavity and Starts to Form the Greater Omentum
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The Peritoneum
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The Peritoneum
The parietal peritoneum
The visceral peritoneum
The peritoneal cavity
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kidneys
ureters
suprarenal glands
duodenum
pancreas
aorta
inferior vena cava
nerves
ascending colon
descending colon
The retroperitoneal space
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The Peritoneum
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The Peritoneum
The parietal peritoneum
The visceral peritoneum
The peritoneal cavity
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The visceral
peritoneum
The peritoneal
cavity
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1. The peritoneal ligaments
falciform ligament
ligamentum teres
median umbilical ligament
medial umbilical ligaments
lateral umbilical ligaments
2 layer folds of the peritoneum
1. The peritoneal ligaments
2. Lesser and Greater Omenta
3. The mesenteries
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2. Lesser and Greater Omenta
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Lesser and Greater Omenta
Lesser
Omentum
hepatogastric ligament
hepatoduodenal ligament
the epiploic foramen
(of Winslow)
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G t O t
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Greater Omentum
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3. The mesenteries
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The mesenteries
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The mesenteries
transverse mesocolon
sigmoid mesocolon
mesentery of the
small intestine
Contents ?
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Lesser Sac
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Lesser Sac
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Oth Li t
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Other Ligaments
Lesser Omentum
Greater Omentum
falciform ligament
ligamentum teres
phrenicocolic ligament
gastrocolic ligament
gastrophrenic ligament
gastrosplenicligament
hepatogastric ligament
hepatoduodenal ligament.
Lienorenal ligament
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Lesser Sac
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Lesser Sac
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Lesser Sac
(Omental Bursa)
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Lesser Sac
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Morisons pouch
left subhepatic spaceVestibule
Superior recess
epiploic foramen (of Winslow)
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Epiploic foramen (of Winslow)
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Epiploic foramen (of Winslow)
Ant: hepatoduodenal ligament
Post: inferior vena cava
Sup: caudate lobe
Inf: first part of the
duodenum
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PRIMARY ORGANS
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ACCESSORY ORGANS
PAROTID SALIVARY GLAND
SUBLINGUAL SALIVARY GLAND
SUBMANDIUBULAR SALIVARYGLAND
LIVER
GALL BLADDER
PANCREAS
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ORAL CAVITY
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Mulut
Rongga mulut sejati:dimulai dari
belakang gigi
memanjangkebelakang sampai
oropharing.
Vestibulum oris:
ruang yang terletak
antara gigi dengandr Lucky Brilliantina, Anatomi
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Cavitas OralMulut/cavitas oral
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54
Cavitas OralVestibulum: Ruang
antara bibir danprocessus alveolaris
Oral cavity proper
Bibir (labia)Palatum (langit2mulut):Durum/keras dan
molle/halusTonsila Palatina
Lidah: berguna untukbicara, merasakan,kunyah dan menelan
Faucium - lubangtenggorokan ke arahfaring
Frenulummenghubungkan bibirdengan processusalveolaris
1
2
2
34
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BIBIR
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BIBIRLuar : Kulit
Dalam : mukosa
Otot :M.levator anguli oris : angkat ujung mulut
M. depresor anguli oris : menekan ujung mulut
M. orbicularis oris : menutupi bibir
Pipi :Dalam : mukosa dilapisi papilaLuar : kulitOtot : M. buccinator
Palatum/Langit-langit :Palatum durum/langit2 keras
dari 2 tulang palatum, letak depan tulang rahang depan
Palatum molle/langit2 lunak
dari jaringan fibrosa dan selaput lendir, letak di belakangdr Lucky Brilliantina, Anatomi
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Lidah
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56
Lidah
Menempati hampir sebagian besarrongga mulut dan disusun terutamaoleh otot skelet.
Otot Intrinsik berasal dan menyusunkontur lidah yang berfungsi untukperubahan bentuk dan ukuran tetapitidak untuk posisi.
Otot Ekstrinsik: berasal dari tulang atau
palatum mole dan berfungsi untukperubahan posisi lidah.
Frenulum lingualis, menghubungkan lidahdengan dasar mulut.
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Lidah
Frenulum
lingualis,
menghubungkan
lidah dengan
dasar mulut.
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58
Lidah
Pergerakan lidah untuk mencampur makanan dengan saliva
menjadi masa padat disebut sebagai bolusLapisan atas dari lidah mempunyai banyak tonjolan yang
disebut papilae.
Membantu dalam pengunyahan material lembut dan terdapat
reseptor pengecap.
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Indra KecapP ill ( b d k )
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59
Indra KecapPapillae (nama berdasar ukuran)
c. Vallata (dikelilingi olehdinding)
Terbesar, tak
banyake. Fungiform (bentuk jamur)
Tersebar takteratur
d. Foliate (leaf shape)
Tersebar padalipatan sisi lidah.Paling sensitif.
b. Filiform (bentukbenang/filamen)
Terletak pada epitel lidahdan mulut
drLucky Brilliantina, Anatomi
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Kelenjar Air Liur Hasilkan air liur
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Kelenjar Air LiurCegah infeksi bakteri
Lubrikasi
Mgd amilase salivarius
Hancurkan makanan
Mukosa
Dikeluarkan oleh kelanjarsubmandibularis dansublingualis
lubrikasiTiga pasang
Parotis: Terbesar, letakanterior telinga.
Submandibularis: bawah
mandibula/rahang bawahSublingualiis: Terkecil,
dibawah lidah.
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Kelenjar ludah
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ORAL CAVITY ANATOMY
OROPHARYNX
LARYNGOPHARYNX
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PHARYNX
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PHARYNX ANATOMY
The pharynx is dividedinto three regions. The
nasopharynx, oropharynx,and the laryngopharynx.The mucosa is composedof stratified squamous
epithelium which issupplied with mucusproducing glands.
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PHARYNX ANATOMY
The external muscle layerconsists of 2 skeletal
muscle layers. Theinternal layers runlongitudinally. The outerlayer encircles the wall ofthe pharynx. Contractionsof these muscles propelfood into the esophagus.
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ESOPHAGUS
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ESOPHAGUS ANATOMY
. Tabung otot dari otot skelet danotot polos .
Diawali dari ujung orofaringmenuju hiatus esofagus (pintumasuk) menembus diafragma
dan berakhir pada gasterHubungkan pharing dengan
gaster(25 cm)
Mempunyai sfingter padasambungan esofagus dan
faring, yi: sfingter esofageal(cardiac sphincter) yg berfungsimenghentikan aliran makanandari gaster kembali keesofagus
ESOPHAGUS
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ESOPHAGUS ANATOMY
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ESOPHAGUS ANATOMY
The esophageal mucosacontains nonkeratinized
stratified squamousepithelium. At theesophageal stomachjunction the epitheliumchanges to simplecolumnar epithelium.
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ESOPHAGUS ANATOMY
The submucosa containsmucus secreting glands.
As a bolus moves throughthe esophagus, itcompresses these glands,causing them to secretemucus which aids in themovement of food.
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ESOPHAGUS ANATOMY
The muscularis externa isskeletal muscle in its
superior third, a mixtureof skeletal and smoothmuscle in its middlethird, and entirely smoothmuscle in its inferiorthird.
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ESOPHAGUS ANATOMY
The serosa is entirely
connective tissue whichblends with surroundingstructures along its route.
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ESOPHAGUS ANATOMY
The pharynx propels foodinto the esophagus
through the upperesophageal sphincter.
Upper esophagealsphincter
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ESOPHAGUS ANATOMY
The bolus of food ispropelled within theesophagus by peristalsis.
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ESOPHAGUS ANATOMY
The bolus of food ispropelled within theesophagus by peristalsis.
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ESOPHAGUS ANATOMY
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STOMACH
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STOMACH ANATOMY
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Ventrikulus
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Ventrikulus Dibagi
Regio
Cardia(penyimpanan),
Fundus(penyimpanan),
Corpus
(penyimpanan),Piloricum
(digesti)
Spingter pyloricmencegah aliran
bolus makanankembali dariduodenum ke gaster
Rugae: lipatan dalamgaster
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GASTER
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GASTER :
N.Vagus
N.VagusDextra,Sinistra
Plexus
OesophagusTruncus
Vagalis
Anterior
( Rami Gastrici
Anteriores )
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VASCULARISASI
Jantung Arcus aortaAorta Truncus
CoeliacusA.Gastrica sinistra,
A.Splenica, A. Hepatica ComunisA.SplenicaAa.Gastricae breves
A. Hepatica Comunis
A.Gastroduodenalis,A.Hepatica propria
A.Hepatica propriaA.Gastrica Dextra
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Jantung Arcus aortaAorta Truncus Coeliacus
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A.Gastrica Dextra, A.Gastrica sinistra,
Aa.Gastricae breves, A.Gastroduodenalis
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V.Cava Inferior V. Porta HepaticaV.Gastrica Sinistra,
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V.Gastroomentalis dextra et sinistra
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SMALL INTESTINES
Intestinum Tenue/Usus Halus
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Tempat utama digesti dan absorpsi
dimulai dari spincter pilory sampai
katup ileocecalPembagian :
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum: Plaques Peyer/
limponodi di lapisan mukosa
dan submukosa dimana terjadi
absorpsi sari-sari makanan
Spincter Illeocecal
sambungan antara ileum dan
usus besar/ intestinum crassum
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Duodenum
Duodenum panjang 12 inci(18 cm)= usus 12 jari, yang dilingkupi oleh caput dari pankreas
Retroperitoneal.
Duktus biliaris komunis (saluran untuk empedu darihepar dan kandung empedu) dan duktus pankreatikus(saluran untuk keluarnya sekret dari kelenjar pankreas)
bergabung di dinding duodenum pada ampullahepatopancreatic.
Tempat utama proses pencernaan.
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SMALL INTESTINES ANATOMY
The duodenum is about10 in long and is mostlyretroperitoneal. The
bile duct and thepancreatic duct join toform thehepatopancreaticampulla which opensinto the duodenum.
DUODENUM
HEPATOPANCREATIC
AMPULLA
MAJOR DUODENAL
PAPILLA
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VASCULARITATIO
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A. Gastrica dextra
A. Pancreatico-duodenalis superior
A. Pancreatico-duodenalis inferior
INNERVATIO
Plexus coeliacus
Plexus mesentericus superiorSTRUKTUR
Dinding intestinum tenue mesostineale terdiri atas 4 lapisan, yaitu
:
Tunica mucosa (membrane mucosae)Tela submucosa
Tunica muscularis
Tunica serosa
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SMALL INTESTINES ANATOMY
The small intestine is highlyadapted for absorption. Itslength, together with its
plicae circulares, villi, andmicrovilli amplify its surfacearea enormously.
The plicae circularies aredeep permanent folds of themucosa and submucosa.
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SMALL INTESTINES ANATOMY
Villi are fingerlikeprojections of the mucosa.
The epithelial cells of thevilli are absorptivecolumnar cells. In thecore of each villus is densecapillary bed and a lymphcapillary the lacteal.
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SMALL INTESTINES ANATOMY
Villi are fingerlikeprojections of the mucosa.
The epithelial cells of thevilli are absorptivecolumnar cells. In thecore of each villus is densecapillary bed and a lymphcapillary the lacteal.
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SMALL INTESTINES ANATOMY
Microvilli, tiny projections
of the plasma membraneof the absorptive cells ofthe mucosa, give themucosal surface a fuzzy
appearance called thebrush border.
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SMALL INTESTINES ANATOMY
The cells of the microvilliinclude simple columnarepithelial cells, goblet cells,
scattered enteroendocrinecells, and T cells. Theplasma membrane of theepithelial cells haveenzymes called brush
border enzymes whichcomplete the digestion ofcarbohydrates and proteins.
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SMALL INTESTINES ANATOMY
Between the villi, the mucosa isstudded with pits that lead intotubular intestinal glands calledintestinal crypts.
The epithelial cells that linethese crypts secrete intestinal
juice. The intestinal juice is awaterly mixture containingmucus that serves as a carrier
fluid for absorbing nutrientsfrom chyme.
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Jejunum & Ileum
Jejunum panjangnya 8 inci , terletak antar duodenum dan
ileum, dimana tempat ini merupakan tempat proses
penyerapan nutrien yang utama
Ileum merupakan kelanjutan dari jejunum dan berakhir di
katup ileocecal, panjangnya kurang lebih 12 inci.
Plaques Peyer/ limponodi di lapisan mukosa dan
submukosa dimana terjadi absorpsi sari-sari makanan
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Jejenum dan ileum
Ujung bawah ileum berhub dgn caecum :
lubang : orifisium ileosekalis
Diperkuat oleh sfingter ileosekalisTerdapat katub/valvula caecalis/valvula
Bauchini yang berfungsi mencegah
cairan dalam colon asenden tak masuk ke
ileumdr Lucky Brilliantina, Anatomi
FKUPN
Kontraksi otot intestinum
tenue menyebabkan
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tenue menyebabkan
gerakan peristaltik &
segmental yang
membantu mencampur& menggerakkan
makanan ke usus
besar/intestinum
crassumDiatur oleh sfingter
ileocecal yg terdpt pd
sambungan antara ileum
dan cecum yangmencegah makanan
yang tak diabsorpsi
kembali ke usus halusdr Lucky Brilliantina, Anatomi
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LIVER
LIVER ANATOMY
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LIVER ANATOMY
The liver is the largestgland in the body,weighing about 1.4 Kg.It is located under thediaphragm, within therib cage in the upperright quadrant of the
abdomen. The liver isan accessory digestivegland.
LIVER
GALL
BLADDER
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LIVER ANATOMY
4 LobesMajor: Left and rightMinor: Caudate and
quadrateDucts
Common hepaticCystic
From gallbladder
Common bileJoins pancreatic duct at
hepatopancreatic ampulla
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LIVER ANATOMY
The liver is composed ofliver lobules which areroughly hexagonalstructures consisting ofhepatocytes. The hepato-cytes radiate outwardfrom a central vein. Ateach of the six corners of
a lobule is a portal triad.Between the hepatocytesare the liver sinusoids.
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4 lobus Lobus kanan dan lobus kiri dipisahkan oleh ligamen falciform.
Berhubungan dengan lobus kanan,bagian bawahnya terdapat lobus
quadratus ,sedang dibag. Belakang lobus caudatus.dr Lucky Brilliantina, AnatomiFKUPN
Left and righthepatic ducts
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CysticDuct
p
Lesser
omentum
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V. Umbilicalis
V Porta Hepatica
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V. Porta Hepatica
Rr. Dex et Sin
HEPARVv. Hepatica Dex,
Intrmediate, Sin
V. Cava Inverior.
Sobotta Jilid 2 hal : 142,148106
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LIVER ANATOMY
The hepatocytes produce bilewhich flows through canals,called bile canaliculi to a bileduct. The bile ducts eventually
leave the liver via the commonhepatic duct.
The hepatocytes also processnutrients into macromolecules,
store fat-soluble vitamins, andplay an important part indetoxification.
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LIVER ANATOMY
Bile is a yellow green alkalinesolution containing bile salts,bile pigments, cholesterol,neutral fats, phospholipids, anda variety of electrolytes. The
liver produces to 1 liter ofbile daily.
Bile salts emulsify fats. As aresult, large fat globules
entering the small intestine arephysically separated intomillions of small fat droplets tobe digested and absorbed.
LIVER
GALL
BLADDER
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LIVER ANATOMY
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GALLBLADDER ANATOMY
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GALLBLADDER ANATOMY
The gallbladder is a thinwalled green muscular sacon the inferior surface ofthe liver. The gallbladderstores bile that is notimmediately needed fordigestion and concentratesit. When the muscular wall
of the gallbladdercontracts bile is expelledinto the bile duct.
LIVER
GALL
BLADDER
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ANATOMY
111
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Kandung empedu/ Vessica felleaM b b j 812 i i 60 3
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Membran berotot, panjang 812 cm, isi 60 cm3
Duktus Cysticus menghubungkan kandung empedudg ductus pancreaticus communis
Struktur mirip kantung pada permukaan hati
Empedu disimpan dan dikonsentrasikanEmpedu dikirim ke usus halus
Kemungkinan terjadi batu kandung empedu (dari
empedu dan kolesterol yang berpresipitasi shgmembtk kristal) krn diet drastis dg penurunan
berat badan yang cepatdr Lucky Brilliantina, Anatomi
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PANCREAS
PANKREAS
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PANKREAS
LOKASI
Pancreas (kelenjar ludah perut) terletak
melintang pada dinding dorsal abdomendi regio epigastrica dan hypochondrica
sinistra.
BENTUK DAN UKURAN
Pancreas berbentuk huruf J yang di
rebahkan, panjang 12.5-15 cm. 114dr Lucky Brilliantina, Anatomi
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BAGIAN-BAGIANNYA
Caput PancreatisCollum pancreatis
Corpus pancreatis
Cauda pancreatic
VASCULARISATIOArteri Pancreatico-duodenalis superior
Arteri pancreatico-duodenalis inferior
INNERVATIO
Susunan saraf simpatis dan parasimpatis melalui plexus
coeliacus.
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PANCREAS ANATOMY
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PANCREAS ANATOMY
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Vascularisatio:
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A. Pancreatico-duodenalis superior
A. Pancreatico-duodenalis inferior
Rr. Pancreatici A. Lienalis
Innervatio :Susunan saraf simpatis dan parasimpatis
melalui plexus coeliacus.
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VARIANS DUCTUSPANCRETICUS
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PANCRETICUS
Double Accessory Pancretic Ducts (Santorini).
Anastomosis between Ducts.
Crossing of Ducts.
Double Crossing of Ducts.
No Communication between Ducts.
Double (Principal) Pancretic Ducts (Wirsungi).
Tortuosity of Ducts.
Absence of Accessory Pancreatic Duct (Santorini).
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LARGE INTESTINES
susBesar/Intestinum
4
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CrassumDari sambungan ileocecal sampai
anus
Terbagi menjadi:
Cecum
Appendix
Colon
Ascending
Transverse
Descending
Sigmoid
Rectum
Anus.
Panjang1M, lebar 5-6 cm
Bergerak selama 18-24 jam
12
35
6
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Caecum
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Caecum
Di bawah : terdapat appendiks vermiformis
: bentuk cacing = umbai cacing, panjang
6 cmDitutupi peritonium
Mudah bergerak
Tak mempunyai mesenterium
Dapat diraba pada orang hidupdr Lucky Brilliantina, Anatomi
FKUPN
Colon asenden
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Colon asenden
Panjang 13 cm
Pada perut kanan, membujur ke ataqs dari
ileum ke bawah hatiDi Bawah hati melengkung ke kiri :
fleksura hepatika
Melanjut sebagai colon transversum
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FKUPN
Colon transversum Panjang 38 cm dari kolon asenden ke
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Panjang 38 cm, dari kolon asenden ke
kolon desenden di bawah lambung
Kanan terdapat fleksura hepatika
Kiri terdapat fleksura lienalis
Colon Descendens
Adalah lanjutan flexura coli sinistra,
berjalan ke kaudal melalui region
hypochondrica sinistra dan regio
lumbalis sinistra di sepanjang tepi lateral
ren sinistra. dr Lucky Brilliantina, AnatomiFKUPN
Colon Sigmoid
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Colon Sigmoid
SINONIM :
Colon pelvicum
Flexura sigmoidea
BENTUK DAN UKURAN, Colon sigmoid
adalah lanjutan colon descendens mulai dari
crista illiaca (apertura pelvis superior) sampai
ke discus intervertebralis SII-SIII. Membentuksuatu lengkungan dengan panjangrata-rata 40
cm.127
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APPENDIK VERMIFORMIS
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APPENDIK VERMIFORMIS
Sinonim: Processus vermiformis, Umbai Cacing, Usus
buntu.
Bentuknya seperti cacing,panjang 2-23 cm (rata-rata
8cm), diameter 5-10mm, mulai dibagian dorsomedial caecum kira-kira 2,5-3,7cm kaudal dari
orificium ileo-caecalis.
VASKULARISASIA.Appendicularis, dipercabangkan dari A.ileo-caecalis
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RECTUM
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RECTUM
Rectum adalah lanjutan dari colonsigmoideum dan mulai dari junctura
rectosigmoidea setinggi ruas ketiga
sacrum. Pada rectum tidak lagi terdapatketiga tanda khas untuk kolon.
Panjang kira-kira 12 cm15 cm dengan
penampangnya dalam keadaan kosong
2.5 cm. rectum mempunyai kemampuan
untuk dilatasi sampai sebesar 7 5 cm132
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CANALIS ANALIS
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CANALIS ANALIS
Kadang-kadang dinamakan juga pars analis
recti
Canalis analis adalah bagian akhir dariintestinum crassum panjangnya 2.5 cm
sampai 4 cm. mulai dari flexura
parinealis recti. Biasanya canalis analisdalam keadaan tertutup dan baru terbuka
pada waktu defekasi ( buang air besar).133
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Pembuangan Feses olehRectum & Anus
B t k k i (b t
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Bantu ekskresi (bantu
membuang limbah
makanan dari usus).
Rectum
Pada rongga pelvis,
depan os sacrum & oscoccygeus
Bergabung dg colon
sigmoid dg canalis anal
Tabung pendek& lurus
dari lapisan otot tebal
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FKUPN
ANUSHubungkan Rectum dg
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dunia luar
Diperkuat 3 sfingter
1. Spingter ani interna :atas, bekerja takmemenuhi kehendak,kaya lapisan otot
polos tebal2.Spingter ani eksterna :
bawah, bekerjamenuruti kehendak,kaya otot skelet
3. Sfingter levator ani :bekerja tak menurutkehendak
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FKUPN
Proses DefekasiCanalis Anal adalah bagian
akhir dari organ cernaj
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menuju anus.
Defekasi adalah yangmenurut perintah
Transpor feces ke rectum-regangan dinding rektum& kontraksi colon
sigmoid - rangsangrefleks defekasi-relaksasi dari spincter aniinternus -m. levator anirelaksasi secara sadar-
tekanan ditimbulkan olehotot perut.
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LARGE INTESTINE ANATOMY
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LARGE INTESTINE ANATOMY
The last segment of thelarge intestine is the analcanal. The anal canal isabout 3 cm long. It begins
where the anus penetratesthe pelvic floor and itopens to the body exteriorat the anus. The analcanal has 2 sphincters, an
internal and external. Itis lined with stratifiedsquamous epithelial tissue.
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QUESTION????