March 28, 2012
Vermelding onderdeel organisatie
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Chapter 2: Positioning the subject
ct5308 Breakwaters and Closure Dams
H.J. Verhagen
Faculty of Civil Engineering and GeosciencesSection Hydraulic Engineering
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Focus on:• Technical aspects• Technical impacts only
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Breakwaters and Closure dams
• Comparable items:• similar materials• similar execution methods
• Differences:• load difference (wave action vs. currents)• life time
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Characteristic values
Type of structure H/Δdn
Sandy beachGravel beachRock slopeBerm breakwater(Stable) rubble mound breakwatercaisson
>50020-5006-203-61-4<1
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mound breakwater types
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Monolithic breakwater type
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Sometimes vertical wall is only option
Cardiff Barrage14 m tidal range(situation at high water
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Composite breakwater types
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Special breakwater types
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Floating breakwater in Italy(Marina di Verbania, Lago Maggiore)
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Floating breakwater in Italy
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Floating breakwater in Italy
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Vertical screens(Royal Prince Alfred Yacht Club, Sydney, Australia)
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Basic methods of closure
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Closure named after topography
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Closures named after hydrologic conditions
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closures named after materials used
• stacking up willow mattresses (opzinken)
• sand closure• clay or boulder clay closure• stone dam closure (rock closure)• caisson closure
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Pluimpot, Tholen
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sand closure
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Afsluitdijk
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rock closure
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caisson closure
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Rubble mound breakwater at Cittavecchia
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Breakwater at Cherbourg
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Breakwater at Plymouth
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Monolithic breakwater at Dover
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Breakwater at Marseilles
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Typical breakwater along the Mediterranean coast
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Historical closures
• Rhine damming (Wijk bij Duurstede)• Sloe closure (pakwerk)• Hindeburgdam
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Walcheren, four gaps on one island
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Development of erosion gullies
