BRKSPG-2606
Converged Architecture for IP + Optical
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© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 2
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© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 3
Agenda
IP NGN Trends
Transport Evolution Trends
Packet Optical Transport Systems
Multi-layer Control Plane
Agenda
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 4
Revenue Split and Traffic Predictions
Packet
Circuit Packet
90+% IP Traffic
Private Line TDM/OTN
Traffic
Private/Public IP Traffic
2011
~30-50%
~50-70%*
2013 2016
Private Line TDM/OTN
Traffic
Private Line TDM/OTN
Traffic
20-30% 0─10%
Private/Public IP Traffic
Private/Public
IP Traffic
70-80% 90+%
Legacy TDM Traffic
• Massive change in SP traffic make-up in next 5 years*
• SP revenue shifting from circuits to packet services**
5 yrs ~80% revenue derived from packet services
• Packet traffic increasing at 34% CAGR***
Video (Walled Garden and OTT)
*ACG Research 2011, ** Cisco Research 2010, ***Cisco VNI 2011
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 5
Why L1 is Moving Towards Packet?
Market drivers:
Fast deployment of new packet applications and services in recent years
IP Video, Mobile data (smart phone apps)
Triple play, IP and Ethernet VPNs
Creates new revenue opportunities for service providers
Infrastructure drivers:
L1 moving to packet becomes inevitable
Replacing aging legacy networks, end of life devices
Consolidating networks onto common infrastructure
Flexible data rates and statistical Multiplexing for efficiency
Goal: Support growing new services with lower cost
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 6
POS / Ethernet / OTN Migration
POS and SDH R&D / Innovation caps 1995 / 2004
Ethernet has undergone continual innovation since standardization
OTN transitions in 2004/5 from SDH hierarchy to Ethernet payloads
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Ethernet
SONET / SDH
OTN
Standard FE GE 10GE 40/100GE
Standard
PoS
Standard
Eth Payload
Demand and
Innovation continue
OC3/12
OC48
OC192
OC3
OC12
OC48
OC192
OC768
SDH Payload
Demand and
Innovation continue OTU1/2 OTU3 OTU4
SPs are making transition from SDH / POS to Ethernet
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 7
Change in CAPEX Spending
A big % of the cost in NG network will be in optical interfaces
100G S&R CapEx shrinking
100G TCO 10-30% lower
than 40G, let alone 10G.
DWDM > 60% of CapEx;
Increasing IP+DWDM
savings opportunity
Cost/bit Reduction
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 8
Transport Evolution Layers
E-LAN E-Tree L3
svcs
MPLS/MPLS TP Digital
OTN
Private Line E-Line
E-Line SONET
/SDH
Emulated
L1
Agile DWDM Layer with OTN Digital Wrapper
Any Transport over DWDM
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 9
Past : General purpose line cards supporting core and edge applications
Core Applications : Small subset of features implemented
Edge Applications : Full feature set used
Box and card migration from core to edge
Core Routing : The Past
Edge
Core
Peering
And High Speed Edge P/PE
P
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 10
Lean Core: Definitions and Approaches
P/PE
P
Edge
Cards
Core Cards
Peering
Cards P/PE
P
Lean Core
Box
CARD BOX
Smaller tables sizes : smaller RIB & Maximum Label FIB (Information Base)
Reduced packet buffering
Simple queuing structures – 8 queues per interface
DWDM integration
MPLS forwarding(IP MPLS & MPLS-TP) and core QoS,
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 11
IP + Optical Building Blocks
Agile DWDM, Control Plane
Coherent technology
G-MPLS UNI-C interface
SRLG sharing, signalling
IPoDWDM Transponders
Black link standardisation
IETF SNMP MIB work
Optical OAM visibility
• Agile DWDM with WSON Control Plane
• G-MPLS UNI signaling between routers and DWDM
• Exchange of information and optimization from DWDM up to IP and IP
IP layer
Fast Convergence (Pre FEC FRR)
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 12
Agenda
IP NGN Trends
Transport Evolution Trends
Packet Optical Transport Systems
Multiplayer Control Plane
Agenda
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 13
Transport Layer Evolution
• High Tolerance to CD / PMD: MAL-less EDFA
• Coherent Receiver: No need to filter down to individual channel
Coherent Transmission to have deep impact on the Architecture and Design of DWDM Networks
• Growing Number of Degrees to 16 (or more…)
• Scale & Optimize Contentionless architecture
• Introduce FlexSpectrum
Increasing Number of Degrees / Flexibility of ROADM Nodes
• Support 96Chs 50GHz in C-band
• Scale per-wavelength Bit Rate
• High Power Co- and Counter-Propagating Raman units to support up to 70dB Spans
Extending Transport Capacity
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 14
DSP Evolution
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 15
10GE has migrated from low port count to high port count applications…
240
160
80
40
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Front Panel Density Gb/s
1x 300pin
4x XENPAK
16x XFP
24x SFP+
8x X2
2007
48x SFP+
480
Electrical I/O Lane Count x Rate Gb/s
16x0.6
4x3
1x10
10
16x X2
Chart & Images courtesy of Finisar
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 16
100G Reach & Density over time…
3200
1600
800
400
100
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Front Panel Density Gb/s
2015
Electrical I/O Lane Count x Rate Gb/s
10x10
4x25
4x CFP
CFP
8x CFP2
16x CFP4
32x CFP4 DD
Chart & Images courtesy of Finisar,
DD = Double Density, aka stacking
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 17
Interconnect Optics
Borrowing technology from the datacenter.
High Speed Computing – Infiniband
Active Optical Cables could implement a ―backplane‖ connection.
120G Interconnect In a Compact Footprint
Moving to 300G as ASICs and Trace Capacities Scale
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 18
Current 100G DWDM Examples
Modulation: Dual Polarized Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (DP-
QPSK)
SW-configurable FEC algorithm to optimize Bandwidth vs. Reach:
• 7% based on Standard G.975 ReedSolomon FEC
• 20% based on Standard G.975.1 I.7 UFEC (1xE(-2) Pre-FEC BER)
• 7% based on 3rd Generation HG-FEC (4.6xE(-3) Pre-FEC BER)
Baud rate: 28 to 32 Gbaud
96channels Full C-band 50GHz tunable DWDM Trunk
CD Robustness up to 70,000ps/nm, PMD Robustness up to 30ps
(100ps of DGD)
Receiver Dynamic Range (Noise Limited): +0dBm to -18dBm
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 19
DP-QPSK 40G /100G Module Block diagram
iTLA
Integrated Receiver
90°
90°
2pol. Hybrid
Sta
tic E
qu
alis
er
Coherent Signal Processor
mC
Dyn
am
ic E
qu
alis
er
Ca
rrie
r/C
lk R
eco
ve
ry
De
co
de
r D
ata
In
terf
DP-QPSK Modulator
Pre
co
de
r
Mux/Precoder
Da
ta In
terf
acer
Pre
co
de
r
iTLA
Rx and Tx
Driver amplifiers
RX
TX
Two independent QPSK signals modulated on two orthogonal
polarization on the fiber (encoding of 2 + 2 bits/symbol or
4 bits/Htz which gives us 100Gb/s@25Gbaud.
DP-QPSK
X
Y
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 20
Beyond 100G: Higher-level Modulation Formats
Scattering diagram for CP-16QAM (4+4bit/symbol)
Scattering diagram for CP-64QAM (6+6bit/symbol)
X-pol Y-pol
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 21
Modulation Flexibility for Trade off Between Reach and Capacity
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 22
The Terabit Super-Channel
• Information distributed over a few Sub-Carriers spaced as closely as possible forming a 1,000Gbps Super-Channel
• Each Sub-Carrier transporting a lower Bit Rate, compatible with current ADCs and DSPs
-200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200
f [GHz]
|Sch(f
)| 2
10x 100Gbit/s Sub-Carriers
close-to-Baud-rate spaced
fSuper-Channel #1 Super-Channel #2 Super-Channel #3
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 23
What is a Flex Spectrum ROADM?
1 - O
dd
1- E
ven
2 - O
dd
2 - E
ven
3 - O
dd
3 - E
ven
4 - O
dd
4 - E
ven
5 - O
dd
5 - E
ven
6 - O
dd
6 - E
ven
7 - O
dd
100 G
bp
s
400 G
bp
s
1 T
bp
s
100 G
bp
s
1 T
bp
s
100 G
bp
s
• Standard ROADM Nodes support wavelengths on
the 50GHz ITU-T Grid
Bit Rates or Modulation Formats not fitting on the ITU-T
grid cannot pass through the ROADM
• A Flex Spectrum ROADM removes ANY
restrictions from the Channels Spacing and
Modulation Format point of view
Possibility to mix very efficiently wavelengths with
different Bit Rates on the same system
Allows scalability to higher per-channel Bit Rates
Allows maximum flexibility in controlling non-linear
effects due to wavelengths interactions (XPM, FWM)
Allows support of Alien Multiplex Sections through the
DWDM System
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 24
Agile DWDM
Colorless
Today a tunable source is connected to a fixed port in a DWDM system
Colorless does away with the fixed port and allows the port to change based on source
Omni-Directional
Today you direct connect a source into the DWDM system based on the direction you want to transit, any changes requires manual intervention
Omni- Directional does away with a fixed direction and direction changes via SW
Flex-Spectrum
Today you purchase a 50GHz or 100GHz etc.. Gridded DWDM system forcing performance trade offs and limiting future growth
Flex-Spectrum does away with the notion of fixed spectrum spacing allowing the DWDM port to adjust to the source.
Contentionless
Capability to remove any lambda contention in the ADD/Drop side of the ROADM
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 25
ROADM Trend
ROADM
RX TX RX TX
Tunable Laser – Transmit
laser can be provisioned to any
frequency in the C-Band.
Colorless – ROADM add ports
provisioned in software and
rejects any other wavelengths.
Tunable Receiver – Coherent
Detection accepts provisioned
wavelength and rejects all others.
Omni-Directional –
Wavelength can be routed from
any Add/Drop port to any
direction in software.
Contention-less – In the same
Add/Drop device you can add
and drop the same frequency to
multiple ports.
Flex Spectrum – Ability to
provision the amount of
spectrum allocated to each
Wavelength allowing for 400G
and 1T bandwidths.
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 26
EDRA: Erbium Doped Raman Amplifier
• Integrating Raman and EDFA in a single card has already proven to be an effective solution to allow optimal balance between Distributed (Raman) and Concentrated (EDFA) amplification
• The goal is to provide a completely integrated Optical Amplifier solution which can include everything needed to face a single direction of the fiber:
Counter-Propagating Raman – Features variable power allowing to control
the overall amount of Raman amplification for the specific Site Degree
Low-Noise Pre-Amplifier – True Variable Gain EDFA optimized to operated
with the Counter-Propagating Raman
• Support for up to 96chs (50GHz spacing)
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 27
EDRA vs. EDFA: Noise Figure
• At least 6dB of Noise Figure improvement provided by EDRA vs. EDFA with similar Gain & Power Range
FAIL
ACT
SF
OP
T-E
DR
Axx-C
MO
N
RX
1345987
MO
N-L
TX
RX
TX
RX
TX
RX
TX
CO
M
OS
C
LIN
E-T
X
LIN
E-R
X
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 28
Why IPoDWDM (basic reasons)
• 66% reduction in number of optical Interfaces
Reduced Cost
Improved reliability
• 50% reduction in the number of patch cables
Less operational issues at turn up
• Reduction in common equipment
Less racks / shelves / common cards
Less Real Estate
Less COLO fees
• Fewer fans
Improved reliability
• Less Power
Reduced Power costs
No new Power plant requirements
• G.709 terminates on router
L1 awareness
Enhanced troubleshooting features
Enhanced protection features
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 29
Proactive Protection: High Level Concept
Trans-ponder
SR port on
router WDM
port on router
Optical impairments
Co
rre
cte
d b
its
FEC limit
Working path
Switchover lost data
Protected path
BE
R
LOF
Optical impairments
Co
rre
cte
d b
its
FEC limit
Protection trigger
Working path Protect path
BE
R
Near-hitless switch
WDM WDM
FEC
FEC
Today’s protection Proactive protection
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 30
IPoDWDM Supports 2 network management models
1. Segmented Management:
• Retain existing operational model for certain SPs
• Respect boundaries between data/optical groups
2. Integrated management:
End to end provisioning
Better trouble shooting
1 mgmt system, 1 DB
Unified look & feel
Lower OPEX
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 31
Agenda
IP NGN Trends
Transport Evolution Trends
Packet Optical Transport Systems
Multiplayer Control Plane
Agenda
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 32
More than the sum of it’s parts!!
Leverage TDM Grooming
Leverage Statistical Multiplexing
Eliminate Inter-Layer Ties
Single Fabric to Manage
Line Cards Can Carry Multiple Purposes
Low Barrier to Deployment
No Crystal Ball Necessary
Pure OTN Transport or
Pure Muxponder
Lambda 1 Lambda 2
Agg Router
IPoDWDM Muxponder
Lambda 1 Lambda 2 Lambda 1 Lambda 2
Deferred
OOTN/Packet
Hybrid
- Source: Infonetics
T
P
T
P
T
P
$$$
Saved
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 33
Packet Optical Transport
• Packet transport : packet with a transport characteristics
• Transport characteristics : OAM, Point and click management, protection etc
• Integration with other transport components
DWDM, SONET/SDH, OTN, MPLS-TP
Basic L2 functionality (MPLS-TP)
Agile ROADM
Packet Optical Transport
Integrated packet and optical
management
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 34
MPLS Options
Industry Direction
Core
Edge & Aggregation
Static Hybrid
(Static/Dynamic)
Dynamic
Forwarding Plane MPLS Label MPLS Label MPLS Label
Control Plane Manual NMS
Dynamic NMS
Access/Agg – Manual NMS Agg/Core – Dynamic IP
Dynamic IP
Protection Manual or
NMS Calc and
provisioning
Dynamic—core Manual—Agg/Acc
Auto-calculation or explicit route
OAM MPLS-OAM MPLS-OAM MPLS-OAM
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 35
TDM Transport Packet Data Network
Connection mode Connection oriented Connectionless (except TE)
OAM In-band OAM Out-of-band (except PW, TE)
Protection Switching Data Plane Switching Control plane dependency
BW efficiency Fixed Bandwidth Statistical multiplexing
Data Rate Granularity Rigid SONET hierarchy Flexible data rate
QoS One class only QoS treatment
Cherry Picking
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 36
36
1: [RFC 5317]: Joint Working Team (JWT) Report on MPLS Architectural Considerations for a Transport Profile,
Feb. 2009.
Definition of MPLS “Transport Profile” (MPLS-TP) protocols,
based on ITU-T requirements
Note: IETF decided to support single MPLS-TP OAM solution.
IETF Chair stated at IETF 79 (11/2010) and IETF 80 (3/2011)
Derive packet transport requirements
Integration of IETF MPLS-TP definition into transport network
recommendations
IETF and ITU-T agreed to work together and bring transport requirements into the IETF and extend IETF MPLS forwarding, OAM, survivability, network management, and control plane protocols to meet those requirements through the IETF Standards Process.[RFC5317]1
ITU-T withdrawal of T-MPLS draft G.8114 in Jan. 2008.
IETF and ITU-T Joint Work on MPLS-TP
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 37
MPLS-TP OAM Standards Status Core protocols are under WG last calls to become RFCs
IETF Chair Russ Housley stated at IETF 79 and IETF 80 meetings: IETF only supports single OAM solution for MPLS-TP
ITU-T determined in Feb. 2011 for G.8113.1 to enter Traditional Approval Process, contingent on IETF Code Point assignment; and continue work with IETF to standardize MPLS based MPLS-TP OAM.
• Standardizing by IETF and ITU-T • Pending to approval in ITU-T
• Contingent on IETF Code Point assignment
• Not supported by IETF
ITU-T Support
IETF Support
IETF: MPLS
based TP OAM
ITU-T: G.8113.2
ITU-T:
G.8113.1
Light Reading Webinar June 17, 2011
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 38
38
Working LSP
PE PE
Protect LSP
NMS for Network Management
or Control Plane
Client node Client node
MPLS-TP LSP (Static or Dynamic)
Pseudowire
Client Signal
with e2e and
segment OAM Section Section
Connection Oriented, pre-determined working path and protect path
Transport Tunnel 1:1 protection, switching triggered by in-band OAM,
Option with NMS for static provisioning
MPLS-TP Concept
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 39
MPLS Label
Switched Path
(LSP)
Pseudowire
Encap DS1 Service
E1 Service
MPLS-TP
Generic Associated Channel (G-Ach)
for Inband MPLS-TP OAM
Pseudowire Muxing
Function
Circuit Emulation
1588v2
MPLS-TP
MPLS-TE
over
DWDM
Network Identifier
MPLS Label
MPLS Label
Switched Path
(LSP)
PW
E3 E
nca
p
Ethernet
Service
80
2.1
Q, .1
ad
EV
C
G-Ach G-Ach
STS-1/Nc
SPE
VC-3/4 SPE
VT1.5 SPE
VC-11/12 DS1 Service
E1 Service
STS-1/Nc
SPE
VC-3/4 SPE
80
2.1
Q
80
2.1
ad
Ethernet
Service
SONET/SDH
VT1.5 Muxed
Into STS-1
Ethernet Mapping
Network Identifier
STS/VC number
SONET
SDH
over
DWDM G
FP
-F/ H
DL
C
MPLS-TP Encapsulation
VT1.5 approximately
Equivalent to Pseudowire
STS-N/VC-3/4 approximates
an LSP
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 40
MPLS-TP vs SONET/SDH
MPLS-TP
MPLS
-TP
over
DWDM
MPLS Label
Switched Path
(LSP)
PW
E3 E
nca
p
Ethernet
Service
80
2.1
Q, .1
ad
EV
C
G-Ach
STS-1/Nc
SPE
VC-3/4 SPE
80
2.1
Q
80
2.1
ad
Ethernet
Service
SONET/SDH
Ethernet Mapping
SONET
SDH
over
DWDM
GF
P-F
/ HD
LC
STS-1
VC-3
STS-1
VC-3
STS-1
VC-3
STS-1
VC-3
1 2 3 192
OC-192
STM-64
192 STS-1/VC-3 @ 51 Mbps
Fixed SPE
Capped at 10 Gig
LSP LSP LSP LSP
1 2 3 192
10 GigE
192 LSP’s @ 51 Mbps CIR
Bandwidth Efficient
Service Scalability & Flexibility
Statistical Multiplexing Service Granularity (PW) @ 1 Mbps
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 41
Characteristic SONET
SDH
Optical OTN
(ROADM)
Electrical OTN
PBB-TE MPLS-TP IP/MPLS
Ethernet
Eline (10GE)
Eline (GE)
Eline (any gran. Sub GE/10GE)
E-Tree Complex
E-LAN Complex
Legacy
F/R
ATM
TDM
IP
L3VPN
L3 Unicast
L3 Multicast
Content
General
Traffic Engineering
50ms restoration
Multiplexing Technology Time Division
Wave Division Time Division Statistical Statistical Statistical
UNI processing Limited None None Typically rich Typically rich Typically rich
Granularity VC-4 Lambda ODU Variable Variable Variable
Technology Maturity MPLS w/ OAM & 50ms Protection
MPLS-TP Transport P-OTS Transition
Metro EoS to MPLS-TP
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 42
When to consider MPLS-TP?
Most common use case: replacing SONET/SDH with MPLS-TP
Typical applications:
Metro aggregation/access
Mobile back-haul
Which MPLS-TP Model?
Depending on the operational model and long term planning
Dynamic with GMPLS control plane is preferred if ops model allows
Static provisioning model may provide easy adaption for the transport ops –
most commonly adopted practice today
Can MPLS-TP be used to replace IP/MPLS?
No. MPLS-TP is MPLS focused on transport-only features, it does not
provide L2/L3 services functions as IP/MPLS does
Design Considerations – when to use MPLS-TP?
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 43
IP + Optical System Architetcure
Single OS
Purpose built Functionality
Purpose built Fabric
And Purpose built ASICs
Core
Fabric
ASIC
Core / Edge / transport ASIC
Routing / Transport OS
Routing Apps / Sys. Admin
Core Edge Transport
Core
ASIC
EDGE
ASIC
Transport
ASIC
Common ASIC
Common Fabric
Admin Plane Virtualization
Routin
g
XR
Ad
min
Pla
ne
Pro
xim
ity
Vid
eo
OT
N
Tra
nsp
ort
Agnostic Fabric
Common ASIC
Leverage Virtualization
Virtualize Services / OSs
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 44
Functions as Line cards, not Boxes
Common Software
Application Building Blocks
IP/M
PL
S
MP
LS
-TP
IPo
DW
DM
OT
N S
w
MP
LS
-TP
Infrastructure Building Blocks
DW
DM
IP/M
PL
S
Lean C
ore
Peerin
g
Peerin
g
Dyn
am
ic-T
P
CT
M A
cce
ss
Common Agnostic Fabric
Common ASICs
Common Optics
Transport Shelf Core Router Shelf
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 45
Agenda
IP NGN Trends
Transport Evolution Trends
Packet Optical Transport Systems
Multiplayer Control Plane
Agenda
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 46
Network architecture
IPoDWDM/
MPLS-TP DC/SAN
SONET
SDH
DSLAM /
Wireless
backhaul
Any Transport over DWDM
Control
Control Control
Control
Control
Control
UNI-N UNI-N UNI-N
UNI-N
UNI-N
UNI-N
UNI-N UNI-N
WSON WSON
GMPLS UNI
E-NNI
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 47
Control plane multi-layer interaction
• WSON = Wavelength switched optical network
• ASON = Automatically Switched optical network
• ASMN = Automatically switched MPLS-TP network
OTN / TDM
NG-ASON
IP / MPLS
S-GMPLS
MPLS-TP
ASMN
DWDM
Wavelength
on demand
Optical
restoration
(1+R,
1+1+R) ASMN / WSON
border
L3 / S-GMPLS
WSON border
ASON / WSON
border
Legacy Traffic
Wholesale
IP Core
Carrier
Ethernet
NGN
WSON
Cli
en
t In
terf
ac
e r
eg
istr
ati
on
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 48
WSON in the Standards Bodies (Wavelength Switched Optical Networks)
Charter: Global Telecom Architecture and Standards Member Organizations: • Global Service Providers
• PTTs, ILECs, IXCs
• Telecom equipment vendors
• Governments
•---ASON, impairment parameters G.680
Charter: Evolution of the Internet (IP) Architecture (MPLS, MPLS-TP)
Active Participants:
• Service Providers
• Vendors
--WSON,
WSON Optical Impairment Unaware
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-ccamp-rwa-wson-framework/
WSON Optical Impairment Aware Work Group Document
http://www.ietf.org/id/draft-ietf-ccamp-wson-impairments-06.txt
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 49
Why Do We Need WSON ?
WSON is an Impairment aware DWDM control plane (ASON is not)
Client interface registration Alien wavelength (open network)
Transponder (closed network)
ITU-T interfaces
Wavelength on demand Bandwidth addition between existing S & D Nes (CLI)
Optical restoration-NOT protection Automatic Network failure reaction
Multiple SLA options (Bronze 0+1, Super Bronze 0+1+R, Platinum 1+1, Super Platinum 1+1+R)
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 50
What WSON Does not do for you
WSON is a restoration mechanism rather than a protection mechanism.
Optical Protection guarantees < 50 msec protection & IPo DWDM guarantees < 15 msec protection. Since WSON is a restoration mechanism it does not guarantee sub 50 msec restoration.
Network Planner should plan both protection and restoration together example 1+0+R or 1+1+R.
Resolve congested links in the event of fiber cut scenarios.
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 51
Agile DWDM Layer
ROADM
RX TX RX TX
X
Tunable Laser – Transmit
laser can be provisioned to any
frequency in the C-Band.
Colorless – ROADM add ports
provisioned in software and
rejects any other wavelengths.
Tunable Receiver – Coherent
Detection accepts provisioned
wavelength and rejects all others.
Omni-Directional –
Wavelength can be routed from
any Add/Drop port to any
direction in software.
Contention-less – In the same
Add/Drop device you can add
and drop the same frequency to
multiple ports.
Flex Spectrum – Ability to
provision the amount of
spectrum allocated to each
Wavelength allowing for 400G
and 1T bandwidths.
Restoration – Ability to reroute
a dangling resource to another
path after protection switch.
Key Values
- Complete Control in Software
- No Manual Movement of Fibers
- Increased Service Velocity
- Control Plane Can Automate
Provisioning, Restoration, Network
Migration, Maintenance
Foundation for IP+Optical!!
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 52
WSON Foundations
WSON Building Blocks Tunability
• Optical channels can be moved and changed to different wavelengths completely via software
Colorless
• Ability to change the wavelength aspects of these devices without moving any physical fibers
Omni-Directional
• A fixed fiber port interface directed to any of the degrees within the ROADM node
Impairment-aware
• DWDM system must be able to measure optical impairments
Zero Touch End to End Solution
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 53
Linear impairments
Power Loss
Chromatic Dispersion (CD)
Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD)
Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR)
Non linear Optical impairments:
Self-Phase Modulation (SPM)
Cross-Phase Modulation (XPM)
Four-Wave Mixing (FWM)
WSON Should Consider all Necessary Effects
WSON input based on G.680
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 54
L0 SRLGs
Latency
Path
Circuit ID
Performance
Topology / Feasibility Matrix
What?
Lowest Optical Cost
Link Bundles
Coordinated Maintenance
Avoid L0 Risk
Optical Restoration
Low Latency or specify latency
Multi-Layer Optimization
Why?
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 55
Convergence Control Plane - iOverlay
iOverlay can provide the network knowledge of peering while providing greater scale
Provide Multi Layer Support while Respecting Organizational Boundaries
Leverage Expertise across layers
Share and leverage information across layers
Router
MPLS-TP switch
OTN XCONN
Etc..
Router
MPLS-TP switch
OTN XCONN
Etc.. DWDM DWDM
iOverlay - UNI iOverlay - UNI
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 56
The Interaction - Restoration
Restoration – L3 Protect -> L0 Restores
Today:
Protection is provided via L0 Team
1+1, Fiber protection, etc…
Does not efficiently utilize available BW
Increases Cost per Bit
Protection is provided via L3 team
Decrease Interface Utilization based on WC BW
Does not efficiently Utilize BW
Increase Cost per Bit
iOverlay:
L3 detects Circuit degradation and initiates Proactive Protection
L0 Restores capacity back to network and signals existing router port to change if needed
New SRLG data is propagated and recorded
Packet Layer
Optical Layer
S1 X
X
10
11
00
1
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 57
Summary
ROADM
RX TX RX TX
Upper Layer Protection– Bend but do not Break! Protect
traffic before failure allowing near
zero packet loss
Shared Risk Link Groups–
End to End circuit provisioning
with knowledge of any Optical
infrastructure risks.
Coordinated Maintenance–
Provide proactive notification of
maintenance activity to
connected NEs to proactively
route around maintenance node
Multi Layer Provisioning–
Leverage CP to allow upper
layers to request circuit source
and destination with constraints
BW Restoration– Leverage
proactive protection to protect
circuit then leverage CP to
restore BW to network utilizing
same interface.
G.709 /
FEC
G.709 /
FEC
Routing
Engine
Routing
Engine
G.7
09
/ F
EC
G.7
09
/ F
EC
X FEC Cliff
FEC thres.
1 2
4 1
5
UNI-C
Diversity / SRLG
ROADM X Provide L1 visibility to L3–
L3 can react to changes in L1
3 4
FEC Cliff
FEC thres.
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 58
Oakland
Fremont
Pleasanton
San Francisco
Burlingame
Hayward
Santa Rosa
Fairfield
A
B
C D
A B
C
D
San Jose
Palo Alto
Berkeley
TDM XC
DWDM Layer
100G with ASON/OTN Restoration
•XC at Each Site (ex 10X100G Links)
•No Pass through. All Add drop
•Large XC Capacity
•ASON does not have OI Awareness
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 59
Oakland
Fremont
Pleasanton
San Francisco
Burlingame
Hayward
Santa Rosa
Fairfield
A
B
C D
A B
C
D
WSON Restoration Example for AToDWDM
•OI Aware DWDM Control Plane
•Switch when you can & regenerate when
you must (Lambda Switching)
•Minimize TDM XC/OEO
•Minimize Latency and cost
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 60
Bandwidth on demand
At a certain time bandwidth required between A and B exceeds the available one
The router A has 4xNGB connection to B. It asks for N+1
2xl
2xl
A B
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 61
Bandwidth on demand
Using GMPLS-UNI, the control plane allocates a new lambda between the 2 sites
over an existing path should you have the proper Agile DWDM infrastructure in place.
3xl
2xl
A B
GMPLS UNI
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 62
Bandwidth on demand
Or The control plane allocates a new lambda between the 2 sites over a new
path
2xl
2xl
A B
1xl
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 63
Rapid service setup
Transponder spare cabled at A and B
Client to ODF
Trunk to Color Less / Omni directional DWDM system
A
B
ODF Customer
interface
ODF
Cu
sto
mer
inte
rface
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 64
Rapid service setup
WSON Control plane find a valid path A to B and set up the wavelength
A
B
ODF Customer
interface
ODF
Cu
sto
mer
inte
rface
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 65
Rapid service setup
WSON Control plane color the Transponder trunk to match the wavelength
The connection is up! The customer can use it
A
B
ODF Customer
interface
ODF
Cu
sto
mer
inte
rface
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 66
Rapid service setup
The SP re-stock the spare Transponders at both site A and B
A
B
ODF Customer
interface
ODF
Cu
sto
mer
inte
rface
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 67
0+1+R
Unprotected Lambda Group
2xl A
B
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 68
0+1+R
Failure detected and propagated thru G.798 network level alarm correlation
2xl A
B
X
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 69
0+1+R
Lambda group rolled to a new path. Re-colouring possible
2xl
2xl
A B
X
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 70
0+1+R
Freeing up old path
2xl
A B
X
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 71
1+1+R
1+1 Lambda protection method (e.g. Y-Cable, mesh lambda protection)
2xl
2xl
A B
1+1
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 72
1+1+R
Failure happens
2xl
2xl
A B
1+1
X
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 73
1+1+R
Create new 2x Lambda connection using different path
Free up resources of the old one
2xl
2xl
A B
1+1
X
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 74
MPLS-TP over 10G WDM Ring
Upto 100G IPoDWDM
Muti-Service Edge
Aggregation Node
Core router
Access Node
MPLS-TP Access Ring
Dynamic MPLS Core
with IPoDWDM/WSON
Static MPLS-TP
Agg. & Access
City Y
MPLS-TP Metro
City Z
MPLS-TP Metro
City X
MPLS-TP Metro
End to End POTS Architecture
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 75
IP + Optical Integration Summary
Agile DWDM, Control Plane
100G Coherent technology
G-MPLS UNI-C interface
SRLG sharing, signalling
IPoDWDM Transponders
Black link standardisation
IETF SNMP MIB work
Optical OAM visibility
• Agile DWDM with G-MPLS Control Plane
• G-MPLS UNI between routers and DWDM
• Exchange of information and optimization between optical and IP
IP layer
Fast Convergence technology
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 76
Glossary
ASON Automatically Switched Optical Network
AToDWDM Any Transport over DWDM
CCAMP Common Control and Measurement Plane
DCU Dispersion Compensation Unit
EFEC Enhanced Forward error Correction
GMPLS Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching
IPoDWDM IP over DWDM
ITU Q6/SG 15 ITU Question 6 Study Group 15
MPLS-TP Multi Protocol Label Swicthing - Transport Porfile
NE Network Element
OAMP Operation Administration Maintenance and Porvisioning
OTN Optical Transport Network
RFC Request for Comments
UNI User Network Interface
WSON Wavelength Switched Optical Networks
WXC Wavelength Cross Connect
© 2012 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public BRKSPG-2606 77
Visit the Cisco Store for Related Titles
http://theciscostores.com
Recommended Reading
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