Consciousness: Focus on Awareness
Consciousness
Our awareness of our own existence, sensations, and cognitions
“Stream of consciousness” What function does consciousness
serve?
Consciousness Normal consciousness -different parts of brain activated Altered states of consciousness
Sleeping Dreaming Hypnosis Meditation Drug induced Other?
Culturally based
Stages of Sleep EEG-based
measurements Stage 1
Hypnogogic Stage 2
Sleep spindles Stages 3 and 4
Delta waves REM (rapid eye
movement) sleep
Stages of Sleep
Sleep Deprivation 2/3 adults are not getting enough sleep Somniphobia-Fear of Sleeping Nomophobia REM rebound Alcohol and sleeping pills Effects
Attention drops Sustained attention (sleepy drivers cause 100K+ crashes)
Physical performance Visual-motor tasks
Mood The body suffers
Increased cortisol Decreased learning
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4-11 days without sleep=craziness 4-11 days without sleep=craziness
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How many stages of sleep are there?
A) 1 B) 2 C) 5 D)6
How many stages of sleep are there?
A) 1 B) 2 C) 5 D)6
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How many stages of sleep are there?
A) 1 B) 2 C) 5 D)6
How many stages of sleep are there?
A) 1 B) 2 C) 5 D)6
The Function of Sleep Why do we sleep?
Evolutionary theory Restorative theory Facilitating learning
Dreaming What triggers particular dreams? Solving problems Why do we dream? Freud
Wish fulfillment Manifest content Latent content Try not to dream about something
Activation-synthesis hypothesis Editing neural connections Strengthening neural connections Goals and motivation (ex: stroke victims)
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Manifest content is to latent content as ________.
A) obvious is to symbolic B) symbolic is to obvious C) wish is to fulfillment D) unconscious is to conscious E) sexual is to aggressive
Manifest content is to latent content as ________.
A) obvious is to symbolic B) symbolic is to obvious C) wish is to fulfillment D) unconscious is to conscious E) sexual is to aggressive
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Manifest content is to latent content as ________.
A) obvious is to symbolic B) symbolic is to obvious C) wish is to fulfillment D) unconscious is to conscious E) sexual is to aggressive
Manifest content is to latent content as ________.
A) obvious is to symbolic B) symbolic is to obvious C) wish is to fulfillment D) unconscious is to conscious E) sexual is to aggressive
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The activation-synthesis hypothesis states that ________.
A) dreams occur as a function of wish fulfillment B) dreams arise from random bursts of nerve cell
activity C) there is no logical explanation for why dreams occur D) we only dream when we are dealing or coping with
threat in our life E) dreams help to filter needless information from the
brain
The activation-synthesis hypothesis states that ________.
A) dreams occur as a function of wish fulfillment B) dreams arise from random bursts of nerve cell
activity C) there is no logical explanation for why dreams occur D) we only dream when we are dealing or coping with
threat in our life E) dreams help to filter needless information from the
brain
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The activation-synthesis hypothesis states that ________.
A) dreams occur as a function of wish fulfillment B) dreams arise from random bursts of nerve cell
activity C) there is no logical explanation for why dreams occur D) we only dream when we are dealing or coping with
threat in our life E) dreams help to filter needless information from the
brain
The activation-synthesis hypothesis states that ________.
A) dreams occur as a function of wish fulfillment B) dreams arise from random bursts of nerve cell
activity C) there is no logical explanation for why dreams occur D) we only dream when we are dealing or coping with
threat in our life E) dreams help to filter needless information from the
brain
Sleep and the Brain The chemistry of sleep
Acetylcholine Sleeping pills block wake-up neurotransmitters Melatonin
Circadian rhythms Suprachiasmatic nucleus (registers changes in
light) Cortisol cycle 24 or 25 hours? Shift work (3 Mile Island)/planned naps
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Your circadian rhythms impact (your) ________.
A) pulse rate B) metabolism C) blood pressure D) hormone levels E) all of the above
Your circadian rhythms impact (your) ________.
A) pulse rate B) metabolism C) blood pressure D) hormone levels E) all of the above
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Your circadian rhythms impact (your) ________.
A) pulse rate B) metabolism C) blood pressure D) hormone levels E) all of the above
Your circadian rhythms impact (your) ________.
A) pulse rate B) metabolism C) blood pressure D) hormone levels E) all of the above
Troubled Sleep
Night terrors Nightmares Narcolepsy Insomnia Sleep apnea
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Which two stages of sleep are referred to collectively as "slow-wave sleep"?
A) Stages 2 and 3 B) Stages 3 and 4 C) Stages 1 and 2 D) Stage 4 and REM sleep E) NREM and REM sleep
Which two stages of sleep are referred to collectively as "slow-wave sleep"?
A) Stages 2 and 3 B) Stages 3 and 4 C) Stages 1 and 2 D) Stage 4 and REM sleep E) NREM and REM sleep
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Which two stages of sleep are referred to collectively as "slow-wave sleep"?
A) Stages 2 and 3 B) Stages 3 and 4 C) Stages 1 and 2 D) Stage 4 and REM sleep E) NREM and REM sleep
Which two stages of sleep are referred to collectively as "slow-wave sleep"?
A) Stages 2 and 3 B) Stages 3 and 4 C) Stages 1 and 2 D) Stage 4 and REM sleep E) NREM and REM sleep
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HypnosisFocused awareness on vivid, imagined experiences and a decreased awareness of the external environment-Mesmer
Hypnotic induction Trance state
Generalized reality orientation fading Trance logic
Posthypnotic suggestion Possession Trance
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Night terrors are most common for which group?
A) young girls B) young boys C) adolescent girls D) adolescent boys E) young adults
Night terrors are most common for which group?
A) young girls B) young boys C) adolescent girls D) adolescent boys E) young adults
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Night terrors are most common for which group?
A) young girls B) young boys C) adolescent girls D) adolescent boys E) young adults
Night terrors are most common for which group?
A) young girls B) young boys C) adolescent girls D) adolescent boys E) young adults
Hypnosis Theories Trance theory Sociocognitive theory Evidence from neuroimaging--seeing colors Hypnosis as a tool for…
Anxiety Compulsive habits Asthma Stress Pain relief
Possession Trance
Meditation Religious traditions Types
Concentrative meditation Opening-up meditation Mindfulness meditation
Meditation Benefits Reduced tension and anxiety Decreased stress Decreased blood pressure Increased ability to fight infection
Meditation versus relaxation Biology of meditation
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________ is an altered state of consciousness in which there is a focused awareness on vivid, imagined
experiences and decreased awareness of one's external environment.
A) Meditation B) Trance logic C) Absorption D) Hypnosis E) Hypnotic induction
________ is an altered state of consciousness in which there is a focused awareness on vivid, imagined
experiences and decreased awareness of one's external environment.
A) Meditation B) Trance logic C) Absorption D) Hypnosis E) Hypnotic induction
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________ is an altered state of consciousness in which there is a focused awareness on vivid, imagined
experiences and decreased awareness of one's external environment.
A) Meditation B) Trance logic C) Absorption D) Hypnosis E) Hypnotic induction
________ is an altered state of consciousness in which there is a focused awareness on vivid, imagined
experiences and decreased awareness of one's external environment.
A) Meditation B) Trance logic C) Absorption D) Hypnosis E) Hypnotic induction
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All of the following are types of meditation EXCEPT:
All of the following are types of meditation EXCEPT:
B) mandalian meditation C) concentrative meditation D) opening-up meditation E) mindfulness meditation
B) mandalian meditation C) concentrative meditation D) opening-up meditation E) mindfulness meditation
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All of the following are types of meditation EXCEPT:
All of the following are types of meditation EXCEPT:
B) mandalian meditation C) concentrative meditation D) opening-up meditation E) mindfulness meditation
B) mandalian meditation C) concentrative meditation D) opening-up meditation E) mindfulness meditation
Drugs and Alcohol
Substance abuse Pattern of use leading to distress or
difficulty functioning in major life areas Use in dangerous situations Legal difficulties
Substance dependence Tolerance Withdrawal
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a. Tolerance—the condition, resulting from repeated use, in which the same amountof a substance produces a diminished effect.b. Withdrawal—cessation of the use of a substance. Withdrawal symptoms are theuncomfortable or life-threatening effects that may be experienced during withdrawal.c. Larger amounts of substance taken over more time than intended.d. Unsuccessful efforts or a persistent desire to decrease or control the substance use.e. Much time is spent in obtaining the substance, using it, or recovering from itseffects.f. Important work, social, or recreational activities are given up as a result of thesubstance.g. Despite knowledge of recurrent or ongoing physical or psychological problemscaused or exacerbated by the substance, substance use continues.
Psychoactive Substances Depressants
Alcohol, barbiturates
Stimulants Cocaine, amphetamines
Speed, ecstasy Narcotic analgesics
Heroin Hallucinogens
LSD, marijuana Trips and flashbacks
Ecstasy (MDMA)
Biological effects Releases serotonin and prevents reuptake Damages serotonin receptors
Psychological effects Increased awareness and pleasure May cause depression
Depressants: Alcohol 60% of American adults drink alcohol
8% have alcohol abuse or dependence Biological effects
Depressant Disinhibition Hangover
Psychological effects Inhibitory conflict Alcohol myopia Sexual aggression Blackouts
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Disinhibition is best described as:Disinhibition is best described as:
A) the inability to prevent a response B) the increased ability to exhibit a response C) the failure to exhibit an appropriate
response D) exhibiting a response incongruent with
what is expected E) the ability to prevent a response from
occurring
A) the inability to prevent a response B) the increased ability to exhibit a response C) the failure to exhibit an appropriate
response D) exhibiting a response incongruent with
what is expected E) the ability to prevent a response from
occurring
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Disinhibition is best described as:Disinhibition is best described as:
A) the inability to prevent a response B) the increased ability to exhibit a response C) the failure to exhibit an appropriate
response D) exhibiting a response incongruent with
what is expected E) the ability to prevent a response from
occurring
A) the inability to prevent a response B) the increased ability to exhibit a response C) the failure to exhibit an appropriate
response D) exhibiting a response incongruent with
what is expected E) the ability to prevent a response from
occurring
Stimulants: Cocaine-analgesic
Crack Euphoria -> Crash Decreases other pleasures
Other stimulants Amphetamines MDMA Caffeine Nicotine
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High doses of what drug may cause the sufferer to exhibit symptoms similar to that of a
paranoid schizophrenic?
High doses of what drug may cause the sufferer to exhibit symptoms similar to that of a
paranoid schizophrenic? A) alcohol B) valium C) "downers" D) amphetamines E) narcotics
A) alcohol B) valium C) "downers" D) amphetamines E) narcotics
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High doses of what drug may cause the sufferer to exhibit symptoms similar to that of a
paranoid schizophrenic?
High doses of what drug may cause the sufferer to exhibit symptoms similar to that of a
paranoid schizophrenic? A) alcohol B) valium C) "downers" D) amphetamines E) narcotics
A) alcohol B) valium C) "downers" D) amphetamines E) narcotics
Narcotic Analgesics: HeroinNarcotic Analgesics: Heroin Biological effects
CNS depressant Psychological effects
Strongly addictive Pain relief Relaxation and euphoria
Severe withdrawal symptoms Other opiates
Morphine, codeine, Vicodin, Oxycodone
Biological effects CNS depressant
Psychological effects Strongly addictive Pain relief Relaxation and euphoria
Severe withdrawal symptoms Other opiates
Morphine, codeine, Vicodin, Oxycodone
Hallucinogens: Marijuana Most commonly used hallucinogen in
U.S. Biological effects
Cannabinoid receptors Appetite, memory, pain
Psychological effects Dependent on mood Euphoria, drowsiness, anxiety, panic
Medical marijuana Glaucoma Chemotherapy
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All of the following illustrate the major criteria for substance abuse EXCEPT:
A) Staying at the bar after work and failing to show up to your child's birthday as a result.
B) Drinking at social events even though you normally do not drink.
C) Spending the night in jail for public intoxication. D) Calling in sick at work to spend the day doing
drugs. E) All of the above
All of the following illustrate the major criteria for substance abuse EXCEPT:
A) Staying at the bar after work and failing to show up to your child's birthday as a result.
B) Drinking at social events even though you normally do not drink.
C) Spending the night in jail for public intoxication. D) Calling in sick at work to spend the day doing
drugs. E) All of the above
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All of the following illustrate the major criteria for substance abuse EXCEPT:
A) Staying at the bar after work and failing to show up to your child's birthday as a result.
B) Drinking at social events even though you normally do not drink.
C) Spending the night in jail for public intoxication. D) Calling in sick at work to spend the day doing
drugs. E) All of the above
All of the following illustrate the major criteria for substance abuse EXCEPT:
A) Staying at the bar after work and failing to show up to your child's birthday as a result.
B) Drinking at social events even though you normally do not drink.
C) Spending the night in jail for public intoxication. D) Calling in sick at work to spend the day doing
drugs. E) All of the above
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Marijuana happens to classified as a(n) ________.
Marijuana happens to classified as a(n) ________.
A) narcotic B) analgesic C) hallucinogen D) stimulant E) depressant
A) narcotic B) analgesic C) hallucinogen D) stimulant E) depressant
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Marijuana happens to classified as a(n) ________.
Marijuana happens to classified as a(n) ________.
A) narcotic B) analgesic C) hallucinogen D) stimulant E) depressant
A) narcotic B) analgesic C) hallucinogen D) stimulant E) depressant