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MUHAMMAD DANIAL BIN IDRIS
2012165999
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One of the most successful branches of journalism
Involvement of war correspondent
Profit & propaganda oriented
journalism of conflict value bias towards violenceand violent groups
Bias toward reporting only differences betweenparties, and assuming that one side's needs canonly be met by the other side's compromise ordefeat
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is the act of a citizen, or group of citizens,
playing an active role in collecting, reporting,analysing and disseminating news andinformation, in order to provide independent,
reliable, accurate, broad and relevant
information.
Bowman & Willis, 2003
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Individuals, group of citizens
carried by driven motives or objectives
subject-matter specialist or opinionatedcommentators, or also everything in between
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Journalism is in the middle of an epochaltransformation, as momentous probably as the
invention of the telegraph or television.
Project for Excellence in Journalism,
Columbia University
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Professional journalists face precariousposition, feeling threatened
Online audience able to become activeparticipant in creating / disseminating newsand information
Sept. 11 incident, generated most traffic totraditional news sites in the history of theWeb
During first few days of the Iraq War, 17% ofAmericans used Internet for principal sourceof information about the war
Following the Columbia shuttle disaster,NASA called upon the public immediately tosubmit eyewitness accounts andphotographs
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Triggered by three critical elements:Open Publishing, Collaborative Editing,
Distributed Content
Amateurs+
tools of modern technology, global distribution ofInternet
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Audience participation(user comments on news stories, blogs, photographs orvideo footage from personal mobile cameras, or etc.)
Independent news and information Websites
(Consumer Reports, the Drudge Report) Full-fledged participatory news sites
(one:convo, NowPublic,OhmyNews)
Collaborative and contributory media sites
(Slashdot, Newsvine) Various "thin media" (mailing lists, email newsletters)
Personal broadcasting sites
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Challenges Media Hegemony
The institutional press as the exclusive, privileged,trusted, intermediary of the news.
Citizens As StakeholdersIn Journalistic Process
no more accepting news or stories passively
making their opinions heard by sending e-mails,
posting criticism They are now also supporting or funding
independent editorial enterprise.
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Freelance web blogger & journalist
received $14,334 from 320 people who
funded his trip to Iraq to report his first-hand observations of the war zone.
Filed daily dispatches on his website,
about the fall of Tikrit and reported onthe regions ethnic tensions.
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information plays a pivotal role in running the world
today at all levels The progress of technology, Internet, and emergence
of the new media all have contributed to the rise ofcitizen journalism. More and more people are
stepping into this direction by taking matters intotheir own hands to gain first hand info on all theevents occurring.
unimpressed with the roles that citizen journalists
played, it is the current reality. They have to adaptbecause citizen journalism will keep expanding as longas technology and Internet grows.