Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardshipLuigi Ceccaroni (Barcelona Digital Technology Centre)Jaume Piera (ICM-CSIC)Carine Simon, Laia Subirats, Julia Busch, Karin Dubsky and the Citclops Consortium
3rd International Marine Protected Areas Congress, Marseille (France), October 22, 2013
Which one will you drive?
Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship
Which one will you use?
Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship
ultraviolet photometer ultraviolet photometer
Monitoring: resolution, accuracy
Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship
μM = 10−6 mol/dm3 = 10−3 mol/m3
In situ ultraviolet spectrophotometer to
measure nutrients
20.000 €
Temporal and spatial variability?
High accuracy
Monitoring: frequency
Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship
1201009080 130 140110 150
20
15
5
10
25
0
Nitrate (μM)
Julian days
1 sample every month (at 10 am on the first day of the month)
1 sample every week (at 10 am on the first day of the week)
Monterey Bay, California
The sunlight cycle
Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship
30 35 40
0
50
100
150
200
250
Julian days
Sunlight intensity (W/m2h)
Day
Night
Monitoring: frequency
Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship
30 35 40
0
50
100
150
200
250
Julian days
Sunlight intensity (W/m2h)
1 sample every week (at 4 pm on the first day)
This is a typical frequency in
biological domains
Monitoring: frequency
Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship
30 35 40
0
50
100
150
200
250
Julian days
Sunlight intensity (W/m2h)
1 sample every day (at 4 pm)
Monitoring: frequency
Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship
30 35 40
0
50
100
150
200
250
Julian days
Sunlight intensity (W/m2h)
2 samples every day (at 4 pm and 4 am)
1.very high
2.high
3.low
4.very low
5.no sunlight
Monitoring: resolution
Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship
20.000 €
vs.
Questionnaire to citizens
Monitoring: resolution
Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship
0
50
100
150
200
250
Julian days
Sunlight intensity (W/m2h)
1 sample every day (at 4 pm) Sunlight intensity
20.000 €
25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41
very high
high
low
very low
no sunlight
• Not (only) resolution, but…• Mobile devices as sensor platforms• Georeferencing • Education through citizens’ effective participation• Community involvement• Internet-distribution and social platforms to share
observations:• Photos (ocean color, transparency)• Oil spills• Algal blooms• Jellyfishes
• Or interpretations of observations:• Recommendations• Decision support
From current monitoring to "participatory environmental science"
Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship
• Before: Citizens as environmental-data consumers• Monitoring tackled by scientists or policy makers alone
• Expensive• Hard to use technology• High resolution, high accuracy, high precision• Low temporal and spatial coverage
• Now: Citizens as environmental-data creators and consumers• Monitoring tackled by scientists, policy makers and citizens
• Low cost• Easy to use technology• Low resolution, average accuracy, average precision• Potentially high temporal and spatial coverage
Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship
From current monitoring to "participatory environmental science"
The Citclops European project [www.citclops.eu]
• Proliferation of cheap, powerful sensors to measure optical properties of the water
• Participatory science integrating the general public into the environmental stewardship and increasing people awareness of water quality
• People firmly connected on social networks
The Citclops European project: the convergence of three trends
Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship
• Outreach and training activities• Ensuring that citizens can participate in all stages of
knowledge management: • Collection• Validation / Interpretation• Delivery
• “Smart“: Leaving complete control of the situation and enhancing decision-making by providing more information:• Example: Contribution to ocean-color research, coupling color
to phytoplankton, and informing about the ocean’s health• What’s in it for me? Education, info on pollution…
Citizens’ participation via “smart” devices
Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship
Citizens’ participation
Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship
Collection
• What about participatory science involving people on training cruises, on sailing races, on holiday (scuba diving, on the beach) in data collection?
Citizens’ participation via “smart” devices
Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship
Tall Ship Regatta21st Sept. - 4th October 2013: Barcelona - Toulon - La Spezia
• What about participatory science involving people on training cruises, on sailing races, on holiday (scuba diving, on the beach) in data collection?
Citizens’ participation via “smart” devices
Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship
Barcelona World Race4th November 2013: training in the Canary Islands of the around the world sailboat race
• What about participatory science involving people on training cruises, on sailing races, on holiday (scuba diving, on the beach) in data collection?
Citizens’ participation via “smart” devices
Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship
• Water-color, oil-spill, river-status measurement• Water transparency via phone pictures and
Secchi disc• Retrieval of sensor measurements from low-
cost moorings
Applications, applications
Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship
Information acquisition: UVindeSir: The UV Index Meter
Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship
Information acquisition
Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship
Information acquisition
Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship
Citizens’ participation
Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship
ValidationInterpretation
Information processing
• Standardization, interoperability• GIS and satellite-data processing, integration and
interpretation• Data-quality validation in real-time
• Taking into account position, orientation, temperature…
• Context-awareness• Data provided in a more or less voluntary, active or conscious
way• Metadata and context data: time, location, name, instrument
• Personalisation• Location• Social environment• Profile and personal history
Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship
Peer-to-peer validation
based on
Reputation system
(experience level)
Challenges– Time to complete validation– Set up– Skill demonstration– Managing time for validation– Busy experts
Monitoring: validation
Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship
Information processing
• Standardization, interoperability• GIS and satellite-data processing, integration and
interpretation• Data-quality validation in real-time
• Taking into account position, orientation, temperature…
• Context-awareness• Data provided in a more or less voluntary, active or conscious
way• Metadata and context data: time, location, name, instrument
• Personalisation• Location• Social environment• Profile and personal history
Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship
Citizens’ participation
Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship
Delivery
Objectives: 1. To make map-based information and alerts about
water quality easily available
2. To help citizens in decision making about marine activities, increasing knowledge about water quality and taking into account users’ reputation
3. To keep citizens engaged in monitoring (example: Coastwatch in the Ebro Delta)
4. To provide the public administration with access to all data generated via citizen participation
5. To integrate participatory science with professional and leisure activities of citizens
Information delivery
Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship
• Improvement of scuba-diving activities• Best beaches’ ranking • Early-warning systems for HABs and bio-
chemical hazards
Applications, applications
Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship
Information delivery
Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship
Information delivery
Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship
Information delivery: decision support
Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship
Information delivery: decision support
Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship
Acquisition, processing, delivery: a new way
Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship
• Participatory science as a more efficient way to carry out monitoring• Resolution, temporal and spatial coverage
• Smart phones, currently, as the preferred technological substrate
• No standard recipe for participatory science• Smart-phone apps• Do it yourself, Ikea-style: build your own
buoy (or any other instrument)
Conclusions, open questions (1/2)
Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship
• What is the right scale for participatory science?• 500 m? Beach? Municipality? Region?
• How to engage a critical mass of citizens?• MPAs are especially suitable to engage
citizens in participatory science
• Role and priority of different elements of participatory science?• Technology, citizens' involvement, activities'
protocols, parameters to be collected
Conclusions, open questions (2/2)
Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship
http://www.citclops.eu/http://www.coastwatch.org/http://creekwatch.researchlabs.ibm.com/http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/eap/fw_riv/rv_main.htmlhttp://projectbaseline.orghttp://crowd.cs.umass.edu/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizen_sciencehttp://senseable.mit.edu/http://research.cens.ucla.edu/aquatic/http://www.secchidipin.org/http://www.earthobservations.org/geo_me_201211_geo9_ec.shtmlhttp://www.nurp.noaa.gov/Spotlight/Observatory.htmhttp://marine.rutgers.edu/mrs/LEO/LEO15.htmlhttp://www.indiegogo.com/projects/uvindesir-the-tiny-uv-index-meter-for-
iphone-and-android
Resources
Luigi Ceccaroni - Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship
Citclops: new water-quality monitoring strategies and participation of citizens in environmental stewardship
Luigi Ceccaroni (Barcelona Digital Technology Centre)Jaume Piera (ICM-CSIC)Carine Simon (ICM-CSIC)Laia Subirats (Barcelona Digital Technology Centre)Julia Busch (Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg)Karin Dubsky (Coastwatch Europe)and the Citclops Consortium
3rd International Marine Protected Areas Congress, Marseille (France), October 22, 2013