Chapter 3:Non-Associative
Learning and Memory
From Mechanisms of Memory, second editionBy J. David Sweatt, Ph.D.
Cytoskeletal Rearrangement in Synaptic Plasticity
32P
Inco
rpo
rati
on
into
pro
tein
o
r ad
enin
e n
ucl
eoti
des
Time (hrs)
32P added Steady State
Figure 1
Hypothetical Graph of 32P-PO4
C
B
A
Figure 2
AMPA Receptors
Figure 3
Isoelectic Point3 10
Mol
ecul
ar W
eigh
t
High(approx 200 kDa)
Low(approx 5 kDa)
Protein Turnover
Figure 4
Actin Turnover
Figure 5
Aplysia californica
Figure 6
Siphon-gill and tail-siphon
withdrawal reflexes of Aplysia
Figure 7:
C
Short-term Sensitization of the
gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia
Figure 8
Circuit Diagrams of the Siphon-gill
Figure 9
Heterosynaptic Facilitation of the Sensorimotor
Figure 10
Molecular events in Aplysia
Figure 11
Mechanisms of long-term memory formation
Substrates
PO4 Substrates
Ubiquitin-mediatedproteolysis
Facilitation ofNeurotransmitter release
PDE
cAMP AMP
cAMP
Shorter Term
Longer Term
Reg. Cat.
Reg. Cat.
Reg. Cat.
Reg. Cat.Reg. Cat.
Reg.Cat.
Cat.
Cat.
Figure 12
PKA
Altered Gene Expression and
Figure 13
Aplysia
Figure 14
Cellular basis of behavior
Figure 15
The Eskin/ Byrne model in Aplysia long-term facilitation
Figure 16
Behavioral SensitizationSpinal Sensitization
Before After
Wit
hd
raw
al
Th
resh
old
pawstimulation
pawstimulation
A.
B. D.
C.Before After
Before After
Before After
Wit
hd
raw
al
Th
resh
old
pawstimulation
pawstimulation
Injury-induced Spinal and Behavioral Sensitization
Figure 17
Anatomical Pain Pathways
Cortex
Spinal cord
Midbrain
Amygdala
Medulla
DRG
Aδ-fiber
C-fiber
Pons
Hypot
hala
mus
PAG
Thalamus
Ascending Pathways
Descending Pathways
Withdrawal Reflex
End-organtissue
no
cicepto
r
termin
als
RVM
Blue Box 1
AdenylylCyclase
αγ
β
GTP GDPATP
cAMP
Substrate
PO4
Reg
Reg
Cat.
Cat.Ion Channels
“Gs” ProteinReceptor
cAMP-DependentProtein Kinase (PKA)
The cAMP System
Receptor
αγ
β
GTP GDP
“Go” Protein
PLC
IP3
DAGCa++
PKC
Substrate
PO4
PIP2
The PLC System
Coupling of Receptors to Intracellular Messengers
Blue Box 2
Potential Signal Transduction routes leading to MAPK Activation in Neurons
GFR
Grb2Rap1
MEK
p42mapk
Raf-1 B-Raf
PKAPKC
PKA
AC
Effectors
SosRas
PO4
ras rasGDP GTP
GTP
GTP Hydrolysis
GAPsGTPase Activating Proteins
e.g. NF1, SynGAP
GEFsGuanine Nucleotide
Exchange Factor Proteins
e.g. SOS, cAMP GEF,
Ca2+/DAG GEF, ras GRF
Inactive Active
++
Blue Box 3
Regulation of RAS
Blue Box 4
Habituation and Synaptic Inhibition
Blue Box 6
Swimming
Contact WithdrawalPreparation for swimming
A
B
C
Escape Swimming in Tritonia