Chapter 2: The Answer to the Age Ol’ Chapter 2: The Answer to the Age Ol’ Question!Question!
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Nutrition and DrugsNutrition and Drugs
Dr. Craig KasperDr. Craig Kasper
Diet Planning Diet Planning PrinciplesPrinciples
• AdequacyAdequacy
• BalanceBalance
• Kcalorie (energy) controlKcalorie (energy) control
Diet Planning Diet Planning PrinciplesPrinciples
• Nutrient densityNutrient density– Empty-kilocalorie foodsEmpty-kilocalorie foods
• ModerationModeration
• VarietyVariety
Food Group PlansFood Group Plans• Daily food guideDaily food guide
– Notable nutrientsNotable nutrients– Miscellaneous foodsMiscellaneous foods– Mixtures of foodsMixtures of foods
Food Group PlansFood Group Plans
• Daily food guideDaily food guide– Nutrient densityNutrient density– Recommended Recommended
servingsservings– Serving sizesServing sizes
Daily Food GuideDaily Food Guide• Perceptions and actual intakesPerceptions and actual intakes
Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson LearningCopyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning
Daily Food GuideDaily Food Guide• Pyramid shortcomingsPyramid shortcomings -No distinction between foods -No distinction between foods within within the the
groups. groups.
-Are all foods equal? Fats? Carbs?-Are all foods equal? Fats? Carbs?
• USDA is currently refining this USDA is currently refining this guide.guide.
• Food Guide Limitations: Only Food Guide Limitations: Only measures energy intake.measures energy intake.
You could still overeat...You could still overeat...
Exchange ListsExchange Lists• Originally developed for diabetics.Originally developed for diabetics.
• Foods sorted based on energy-Foods sorted based on energy-nutrient contentnutrient content
From Guidelines to GroceriesFrom Guidelines to Groceries
• Processed foodsProcessed foods
• Fortified foodsFortified foods
From Guidelines From Guidelines to Groceriesto Groceries
• Breads, cereals, and other grain Breads, cereals, and other grain productsproducts
– EnrichedEnriched– Refined foodsRefined foods– Whole-grain productsWhole-grain products
From Guidelines From Guidelines to Groceriesto Groceries
• VegetablesVegetables• LegumesLegumes• FruitFruit
From Guidelines From Guidelines to Groceriesto Groceries
• Meat, fish, and poultryMeat, fish, and poultry– Textured vegetable proteinTextured vegetable protein
• MilkMilk– Imitation foodsImitation foods– Food substitutesFood substitutes
Food LabelsFood Labels• Ingredient listIngredient list
• Serving sizes Serving sizes (FDA mandated for certain foods, why?)(FDA mandated for certain foods, why?)
• Nutrition factsNutrition facts– Daily ValuesDaily Values
Food LabelsFood Labels• Nutrient claimsNutrient claims
• Health claimsHealth claims
• Structure-function claimsStructure-function claims
Food Labels: Future labFood Labels: Future lab
Some terms:Some terms:
freefree moremore
good source of...good source of... organic?organic?
healthyhealthy low cal.low cal.
highhigh fat-freefat-free
lessless transtrans fat fat
light (lite)light (lite) leanlean
lowlow low sodiumlow sodium
Dietary GuidelinesDietary Guidelines• Aim for a healthy weightAim for a healthy weight
• Be physically active each dayBe physically active each day
• Let the pyramid guide be your Let the pyramid guide be your guideguide
Dietary GuidelinesDietary Guidelines• Choose a variety of grains dailyChoose a variety of grains daily
• Choose a variety of fruits and Choose a variety of fruits and vegetables daily vegetables daily
• Keep foods safe to eatKeep foods safe to eat
Dietary GuidelinesDietary Guidelines• Choose a diet low in:Choose a diet low in:
– Saturated fatSaturated fat– CholesterolCholesterol
• Be moderate in total fat intakeBe moderate in total fat intake
Dietary GuidelinesDietary Guidelines• Choose beverages and foods to Choose beverages and foods to
moderate sugar intakemoderate sugar intake
• Choose and prepare foods with Choose and prepare foods with less saltless salt