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CHAPTER 1
Ecology ndEnvironment
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Ecology And Environment
Importance of environment and scope
The science of Environment studies is a multi-disciplinaryscience because it comprises various branches of studies like
chemistry, physics, medical science, life science, agriculture,
public health, sanitary engineering etc. It is the science of
physical phenomena in the environment.Scope of Environment :
Atmosphere: The atmosphere implies the protective blanket
of gases,
Hydrosphere: The Hydrosphere comprises all types of water
resources oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, streams, reservoir, polar
icecaps, glaciers, and ground
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Ecology And Environment
Importance of environment and scope
Lithosphere: Lithosphere is the outer mantle of the solidearth.
It consists of minerals occurring in the earthscrusts and the
soil e.g. minerals, organic matter, air and water
Biosphere: Biosphere indicates the real of living organisms
and their interactions with environment, e.g. atmosphere,
hydrosphere and lithosphere
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Ecology And Environment
Composition of Atmosphere
Nitrogen - 78%Oxygen - 21%
Water Vapor0 to 4%
Carbon Dioxide - .037%
Other gases make up the rest
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Ecology And Environment
Atmospheric Layers
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8 layers are defined by constant
trends in average air temperature
(which changes with pressure and
radiation), where the outer
exosphere is not shown.
1. Troposphere
2. Tropopause
3. Stratosphere
4. Stratopause
5. Mesosphere6. Mesopause
7. Thermosphere
8. Exosphere
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Atmospheric Layers
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Tropopause :Separates Troposphere from
Stratosphere. Generally higher in
summer Lower in winter.
Troposphere:
Temp decrease with height Most ofour weather occurs
in this layer Varies in height
around the globe, but Averages
about 11 km in height.
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Atmospheric Layers
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StratosphereTemperature inversion in
stratosphere
Ozone plays a major part in
heating the air At this altitude
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Atmospheric Layers
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MesosphereMiddle atmosphere Air thin,
pressure low,
Need oxygen to live in this region.
Air quite Cold -90C (130F) near
the top of mesosphere
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Atmospheric Layers
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ThermosphereHot layer oxygen molecules
absorb energy from solar Rays
warming the air. Very few atomsand molecules in this Region.
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Ecology And Environment
The Hydrosphere
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Water on Earth is a unique feature that clergy
distinguishes our "Blue Planet" from others in the solar
system.
Not a drop of liquid water can be found anywhere else in
the solar system. Earth has just the right mass, the right
chemical composition, the right atmosphere, and is the
right distance from the Sun that permits water to exist
mainly as a liquid.
Water is the universal solvent and the basis of all life on
our Planet.
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The Hydrosphere
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IF* Approximately70% of the
Earth's surface is water
30% of the
Earth's surface is Percentageof Earth's land
Surface Covered by Water
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Lithosphere
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Plants and vegetation are included in lithosphere.
This crust contains minerals organic and inorganic matter
and some extent water and air.
Soil texture like fine, granular depend on the qualitative
composition of soil particle size in the soil mass.
Soil particles may be subdivided as sand, silt & clay.
Soil classification is done on amount of various types of soil
particles present in given soil mass.
The arrangement of soil particles into aggregates is
identified as soil structure.
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Biosphere
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It is part consisting lithosphere, hydrosphere and
atmosphere where organisms live and interact with one
another.
Life live in biosphere.
The lives are also available in biosphere.
Community of organism and its total environmental acting
as an ecological unit is known as an ecosphere.
These ecosphere are collectively known as biomes.
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Green House Effect
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Green House Effect
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Green House Effect
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Green House Effect
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Deforestation
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The forest cover is rapidly destroyed due to population
explosion urbanization and industrialization.
This process of deforestation also adversely affect the forest
wealth, wild life, atmospheric changes and enhanced
desertification.
E l A d E i t
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DEFINITION OF POLLUTION
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When Harmful Substances Contaminate the Environment
it is Called Pollution
Pollution refers to the very bad condition of Environment
in terms of quantity and quality
Types of Pollution :
Air pollution
Water pollution
Noise pollution
Radio active pollution
Land pollution
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Acid Rain
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Acid Rain
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Acid Rain
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Acid Rain
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Ecology And Environment
Food Chain
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Food Chain
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The energy flow from one organism to the other is know as
a food chain
A food chain is simple and direct
It involves one organizing at each trophic level Primary
Consumersebautotrophs (producers)
- Secondary Consumers eat the primary consumers
Tertiary Consumers eat the secondary consumers
Decomposersbacteria and fungi that break down dead
organisms and recycle the material back into theenvironment
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Food Web
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Most organisms eat more the JUST one organism
When more organism are involved it is know as a FOOD
WEBFood webs are more complex and involve lots of organisms
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Food Web
Y h Hi Mi M h i l LJ P l t h i