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Renewable Phenalkamide Epoxy Curing Agents for
High Performance & Cost-effective Solvent-free
CoatingsHong Xu, Mengjiu ChenCardolite CorporationOct. 27th, 2015
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Contents• Background
• CNSL technology
• Phenalkamide technology
• Solvent-free phenalkamides
– LITE 3040
– LITE 3060
• Conclusions
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Greener Coating
• Environmental awareness
• Stringent regulations
• Low VOC
• High solids/solvent free
• Higher bio-content
• Non-toxic
• Cost efficient
• Excellent performance
• CNSL technology
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CNSL technology
CNSL
Distillation
Various products
Cashew Nut
Cardanol
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Benefits of both worlds
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PolyamideTechnology
PhenalkamineTechnology
PhenalkamideTechnology
Fast cure
Surface tolerance
Low viscosity
Water resistance
Corrosion protection
Low temperature cure
Extended overcoat
Flexibility
Long potlife
Color stability
Cost effective
A new category of renewable epoxy curing agents designed to provide coating formulators with the benefits of both polyamides and phenalkamines in ONE PRODUCT.
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Naturally Great• Phenalkamides use natural,
renewable, non-food chain CNSL as their core building block.
• Low viscosity, solvent free and compatibility with a broad range of epoxy resins help formulate high solids coatings with lower VOC
• Meet stringent environment and health regulations without compromising quality
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LITE 3040• Cure properties
• Film appearance
• Early water resistance
• Flexibility
• Mechanical properties
• Intercoat adhesion
• Corrosion protection
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Typical PropertiesProperties LITE 3040
Solvent free Polyamide
Color (Gardner) ≤ 11 ≤ 11
Viscosity, cps 4,000 - 6,000 11,560
Amine value (mg KOH/g) 370 - 410 370 - 410
AHEW (theoretical) 118 97
Recommended use level (phr)
50 – 70 (55
recommended)50 - 70
Gel time @ 55phr (min) 110 158
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Hardness Development with Epon 828
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Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 7 Day 10
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
@ 10°C/92%RH with Epon 828
LITE 3040 Solvent-free Polyamide
Pers
oz
hard
ness
, se
c
Much faster hardness development at lower temperature and high humidity
Day 3 Day 4 Day 7 Day 100
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80@ 5°C with Epon 828
LITE 3040 Solvent-free Polyamide
Pers
oz
hard
ness
, se
c
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Film appearance @ 10°C & 92% RH
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Solvent-free Polyamide LITE 3040
Better film and compatibility with liquid epoxy resin
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Flexibility
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Systems Mandrel Bend
Direct impact(lbs)
Reverse impact(lbs)
Solvent-free Polyamide
1/8”, good 150 80
LITE 3040 1/8”, good 90 60
Good flexibility
Epon 828 system, phr=55 30 minutes induction time WFT =5 mils over CRS 7 days RT cure
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Early Water Resistance
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#12 = 8 hrs
Better early water resistance
Solvent-free Polyamide
LITE 3040
• 30 minutes induction time• WFT = 8 mils over CRS panels• Water drops close to every hour (starting at point
1)• Cured at 25°C
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Mechanical Properties
Properties LITE 3040
Tensile strength (Mpa) 44.2
Flexural strength (Mpa) 97
Compressive strength (Mpa) 77
Elongation (%) at break 10.8
Water absorption (%) 0.79
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Intercoat adhesion @ RT
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•First white layer: polyamide/LITE3040 primer, different dry time @ RT•Second black layer: PU topcoat, 1 day dry time @ RT before
tape adhesion tests
5B
5B5B5B5B
5B 5B5B
Polyamide
LITE3040
1day 14day10day7day3day
5B
5B
Very good intercoat adhesion at RT cure condition
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Intercoat adhesion @ 5˚C
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0B
4B4B4B3B
1B 1B0B
Polyamide
LITE3040
1day 14day10day7day3day
0B
4B
•First white layer: polyamide/LITE3040 primer, different dry time @ 5˚C•Second black layer: PU topcoat, 3 days dry time @ 5˚C before
tape adhesion tests
Much better intercoat adhesion properties at low temperatures
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Salt Spray @ 500 hr, ~150µm DFT
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Solvent-free Polyamide LITE 3040
Good corrosion protection
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LITE 3040• Faster cure and hardness
development
• Better film appearance at extreme conditions
• Superb early water resistance
• Balanced mechanical properties
• Very good intercoat adhesion
• Good corrosion protection
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LITE 3060• Cure properties
• Color stability
• Adhesion over different substrates
• Corrosion protection
• Adhesion over dry/wet concrete blocks
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Typical Properties
Properties LITE 3060
Polyamidoamine adduct
#1 #2
Color (Gardner) ≤ 10 ≤ 10 ≤ 10
Viscosity, cps 500 - 1,000 700 - 2,000 450 - 1,300
Amine value (mg KOH/g)
450-490 250 - 290 280 - 320
AHEW (theoretical) 104 115 115
Recommended use level (phr)
55 ~60 ~60
Gel time @ 55phr (mins)
35-55 78 50
Solvent NoBenzyl alcohol
Benzyl alcohol
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Cure time with DER 331
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Faster dry time with liquid epoxy resin
No induction time, WFT=8mils
Poly
amid
oam
ine
addu
ct #
1
Poly
amid
oam
ine
addu
ct #
2
LITE
306
0 05
10152025
25˚C
10˚C
Dry
hard
(hrs
)
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Hardness Development @ 5˚C
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2 3 4 7 110
50
100
150
200
250
Clear coating system with DER 331
Polyamidoamine #1Polyamidoamine #2LITE 3060
Cure time at 5˚C (days)
Pers
oz h
ard
ness (
sec)
Much faster hardness development at low temperature
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100% solids formulation – Base #A
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Material Base #A
DER 331 (BisA type epoxy resin) 35.5
UL 513 (diluent) 6.2
DISPERBYK 111 (dispersant) 1.4
TIPURE R-706 (pigment) 6.7
Zeosphere G600 (filler) 16.9
Wollastonite 10ES (filler) 17.5
Cimbar EX (filler) 15.7
BYK 085 (defoamer) 0.03
BYK 361 N (leveling agent) 0.05
Total base 100.00
Polyamidoamine #1 / Necires EPX-L2 23.3/11.7
Polyamidoamine #2 /Necires EPX-L2 23.3/11.7
LITE 3060/Necires EPX-L2 21.2/10.6
%vol NVM 100
%PVC 20.5
Amine/Epoxy 1.00
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100% solids formulation – Base #B
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Material Base #B
DER 353 (BisA/F diluted epoxy) 42.1
DISPERBYK 111 (dispersant) 1.7
Nicron 302 Talc 8.4
Wollastonite 10 ES (filler) 7.4
Imsil A-25 silica (filler) 15.4
TIPURE R-706 (pigment) 13.7
Cimbar EX (filler) 10.5
BYK 085 (defoamer) 0.2
BYK 358 N (leveling) 0.6
Total base 100.00
Poly A #1/#2/#3/#4 24.8
LITE 3060 22.6
%vol NVM 100
%PVC 21.2
Amine/Epoxy 1.00
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Color Stability
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Good color stability
0 20 40 60 80 1001201401601800
2
4
6
8
10
12
Base #A
Polyamidoamine #1Polyamidoamine #2LITE 3060
QUV A exposure time (hrs)
Delt
a E
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Gloss Retention
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Better gloss retention and no chalking
0 20 40 60 80 1001201401601800
20
40
60
80
100
120
Base #A
Polyamidoamine #1Polyamidoamine #2LITE 3060
QUV A exposure time (hrs)
Glo
ss @
20
˚
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Panel images
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ΔE = 7.1320° = 1.460° = 8.185° = 27.9
ΔE = 10.7220° = 1.360° = 11.385° = 49.4
ΔE = 9.7920° = 58.460° = 91.985° = 94.9
After 168 hrs QUV A exposure
• Much better gloss retention• No surface chalking
PolyA #1 PolyA #2 LITE 3060
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Salt spray – 2000 hrs
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Good anti-corrosion performance
• Base #A system• 20 minutes induction time• DFT = ~ 9 mils over SA2.5 panels• 7 days RT cure
PolyA #1 PolyA #2 LITE 3060
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Typical Properties
Properties LITE 3060
Modified Polyamidoamines
#3 #4
Color (Gardner) ≤ 10 ≤ 10 ≤ 10
Viscosity, cps 500 - 1,000 200 -400 900 - 1,900
Amine value (mg KOH/g)
440 - 480 333 290 - 350
AHEW (theoretical) 104 115 115
Recommended use level (phr)
~55 ~60 ~60
Gel time @ (mins) 48 57.7 100
Benzyl alcohol Free Free Free
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Adhesion over rusted panel
Rusted S-36 panels
5B 5B5B
Good adhesion to rusted panels
• Base #B system• 20 minutes induction time• WFT = 6 mils over rusted S-36 panels• 7 days RT cure
PolyA #3 PolyA #4 LITE 3060
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Adhesion over CRS
4B 5B3B
Good adhesion to CRS panels
• Base #B system• 20 minutes induction time• WFT = 6 mils over CRS• 7 days RT cure
CRS panels
PolyA #3 PolyA #4 LITE 3060
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Adhesion over Al alloy panel
5B 5B5B
Good adhesion to AA 2024 T3 substrate
• Base #B system• 20 minutes induction time• WFT = 6 mils over AA 2024 T3• 7 days RT cure
AA 2024 T3
PolyA #3 PolyA #4 LITE 3060
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Shore D tests
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PolyA #3 PolyA #4 LITE 3060
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Shore D @ 25˚C
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Quick walkability development in first day at 25°C
Base #B20 mins induction timeAl pan, sample weight = 8 g
1 2 30
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1961LV3282-1LITE 3060
Cure time @ 25°C/days
Sh
ore
D h
ard
ness
Walk onPoly A #3Poly A #4LITE 3060
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Quick walkability development at low temperature
Shore D @ 10˚C + 92%R.H.
1 2 30
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1961LV3282-1LITE 3060
Cure time @ 10°C/days
Sh
ore
D h
ard
ness
Walk onPoly A #3Poly A #4LITE 3060
Base #B20 mins induction timeAl pan, sample weight = 8 g
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Quick walkability development at low temperature
Shore D @ 5˚C
1 2 30
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1961LV3282-1LITE 3060
Cure time @ 5°C/days
Sh
ore
D h
ard
ness
Walk onPoly A #3Poly A #4LITE 3060
Base #B20 mins induction timeAl pan, sample weight = 8 g
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Concrete•Dry concrete blocks: stored
at RT and ~50%R.H. conditions before applying a coating. RT cure.
•Damp concrete blocks: submersed in tap water for 24 hours, then removed from water bath. Use a paper towel to remove the standing water before applying a coating, RT cure.
•Wet concrete blocks: submersed in tap water for 24 hours, placed in a basin with tap water level under 1/2 inch from the block surface. Use a paper towel to remove the standing water before applying a coating. The coated blocks remained in water during the curing period.36
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Pull off tests over concretes
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•High strength concrete blocks: Dry and Wet concrete blocks
•Flooring primer: Base #B + curing agents with 20 mins induction
•Applications: Drawn down via WFT = 25 mils
•Cure conditions: 7 days @ RT (wet concretes in water basin)
•Pull off tests: PosiTest AT-A automatic adhesion tester
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Pull off adhesion
Base #B system
Pull off adhesion after 7 day cure, MPa
Dry concrete blocks
Wet concrete blocks
Failure mode
Poly A #2 4.9 3.5 Concrete failure
Poly A #3 5.2 3.5 Concrete failure
Poly A #4 4.8 4.3 Concrete failure
LITE 3060 4.9 3.9 Concrete failure
Good adhesion on wet and dry concrete substrates, failure mode is on
concrete blocks
Concrete failure
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LITE 3060• Low viscosity for 100%
solids formulation
• Fast cure and hardness development especially at low temperatures
• Excellent early walkability
• Good color and gloss stability
• Superb adhesion over different substrates
• Excellent adhesion over dry/wet concrete blocks
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Novel phenalkamidesLITE 3040 & LITE 3060
• Low viscosity & benzyl alcohol free
• Non-toxic labeling
• Fast cure and hardness development
• Good early water resistance
• Superb adhesion over different type substrates and PU topcoat
• Enable true solvent-free formulations without compromising quality
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Thank you!
Any questions?
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