Calculating UCT’s Carbon Footprint
Aashikah Abdulla, Nicole Chetty, Tayla Geben, Numrata Manilall, Zahraa Mathews
Staff and Student
Commuting
Introduction
Introduction Area of focus
Staff and Student Commuting (Including Jammie Shuttles), on Main Campus (upper, middle and lower), Hiddingh and Medical Campus
Scope 3 – indirect emissions as vehicles used for commuting are not owned by UCT
Introduction
What is a carbon footprint and why measure it? Carbon footprint is seen as a measure of Green House
Gas emissions that is caused by a product or service and is expressed in carbon dioxide equivalents and these emissions can be caused directly or indirectly by an activity or lifespan of the product or service
Relevant Data Parking discs
Number of discs issued Number of residence occupants that have
parking discs
Student and Staff demographics Total number of staff and students Areas they commute from
Relevant data (continued…) Jammie Shuttles
Total number of shuttles Fuel consumption for 2012 Number of trip per route per day Head count of shuttle users per month
Staff and Student commuting How they commute to campus Number of “Ridelink” participants
Data Sources As suggested by the project manager:
Properties and services – Bruce Jansen Centre of Transport Research – Marianne
Vanderschuren Carolyn McGibbon UCT Website Survey Green Campus Initiative - Joe Mayson
Data Gathered Total number of staff and students Number of parking discs issued Geographical map of staff and student
residence up to ~6.73 km from campus A sample through the paper based survey
of: Modes of transport used by staff and students Average distance travelled to campus Reasons for not using the Jammie shuttles
Area DistributionArea Suburbs Average KM
from campus
Area 1 Bellville, Hout Bay, Mitchell's Plain, Muizenberg, Parklands, Table View
25 km
Area 2 Camps Bay, Elsiesrivier, Dieprivier, Montague Gardens, Parow, Philippi
18 km
Area 3 Canal Walk, Cape Town, Epping, Goodwood, Kenilworth, Milnerton, Wynberg
11 km
Area 4 Athlone, Claremont, Maitland, Newlands, Pinelands, Woodstock
5 km
Area 5 Mowbray, Observatory, Rondebosch 2.6 km
Area 6 UCT Campus 0 km
Area 7 Much further than all the above areas 50 km
Carbon Emission FactorsDefra Carbon Emission Factors for each Transport Mode
ModeTotal Direct GHG in kg/km Classification Table
Walk 0 None NoneTaxi 0.20659 Regular Taxi 6kBicycle 0 None NoneBus (Golden Arrow) 0.1238 Bus - Local Bus 6k
Motorbike0.13981
Large Petrol Motorbike 6j
Jammie Shuttle 2.6769
Diesel (100% mineral diesel) 7a
in kg/l dieselPrivate Car 0.19443 Average Medium Car 6eTrain 0.05818 Rail - National Rail 6k
Figures taken from 2012 Guidelines to Defra / DECC's GHG Conversion Factors for Company Reporting
Data Sources Jammie Shuttle Fuel Report (2012)
Survey163 students responded32 staff members responded
Calculation Equations For Jammie Shuttles:
CO2 emissions (kg) = fuel consumption (l) * defra emission factor
For all other modes:
CO2 emissions (kg) = number of people * km travelled * defra emission factor (per km) of mode used
Assumptions The Carbon emission factor for a medium sized car was used as it
was observed that majority of cars on campus are medium sized.
Jammie Shuttles use diesel.
Private Cars use petrol. It was observed that the majority of cars parked on campus use petrol.
Defra Carbon Emission factors are best suited to South Africa, however South Africa would have higher emissions due to the use of less efficient cars and fuel being more carbon intensive than crude oil refining.
When a commuter uses more than one mode of transport, he travels 50% of the distance by each mode.
Commuters make 1 trip to and from campus a day for the 152 day academic year.
Calculation Example (students)
Area Mode Co2 emission per mode
# of users (in survey)
# of users (in population)
Average Km Travelled
Co2 emissions per trip to campus
1 Walk 0 0 0 25 011 (survey)
Taxi 0.20659 0 0 25 0
1721 (whole pop.)
Taxi + Shuttle
0.14461 1 156 25 565.6222955
6.7% Bicycle 0 0 0 25 0Bus 0.1238 0 0 25 0Bus + Shuttle
0.103215 2 313 25 807.4227955
Jammie 0.08263 0 0 25 0Private Car 0.19443 5 782 25 3802.432159Private Car + Shuttle
0.13853 2 313 25 1083.682409
Train 0.05818 1 156 25 227.5631364Train + Shuttle
0.14081 0 0 25 0
Scooter + Jammie
0.11122 0 0 25 0
Walk + Jammie
0.041315 0 0 25 0
11 1721 Total 6486.723
CO2 emissions (kg) = number of people * km travelled * defra emission factor
Total CalculationsTotal for each mode
GHG in kg for 1 trip
GHG in kg for 2 trips
GHG in kg for a year
GHG in tons for a year
Walk 0 0 0 0
Bicycle 0 0 0 0
Taxi + Shuttle 966 1932 293664 293.664
Bus 193 386 58672 58.672
Bus + Shuttle 2435 4870 740240 740.24
Jammie Shuttles 3550.282895 7100.565789 1079286 1079.286
Private Car 23989 47978 7292656 7292.656Private Car + Shuttle 3044 6088 925376 925.376
Train 327 654 99408 99.408
Train + Shuttle 2297 4594 698288 698.288
Private Car + Bus 621 1242 188784 188.784
Private Car + Taxi 156 312 47424 47.424
Train + Walk 113 226 34352 34.352
Walk + Shuttle 448 896 136192 136.192
Scooter + Shuttle 45 90 13680 13.68
Total 38184.28289 76368.56579 11608022 11608.022
Mode Contributions to Total Emissions
2%5%
11%
81%
1% 0%
Walk Bicycle Taxi
Bus Jammie Private Car
Train Scooter/Motorbike
Preferred Transport Methods (staff and students)
13%
3%1%
4%
25%
27%
9%
1%3%
1%
1%1%
1% 12%
1%
Walk
Taxi
Taxi + Shuttle
Bicycle
Bus
Bus + Shuttle
Shuttle
Private Car
Private Car + Shuttle
Train
Train + Shuttle
Motorbike
Private Car + Bus
Private Car + Taxi
Train + Walk
Walk + Jammie
Scooter + Jammie
Relevant Data Parking discs
Number of discs issued Number of residence occupants that have
parking discs
Student and Staff demographics Total number of staff and students Areas they commute from
Relevant Data Parking discs
Number of discs issued Number of residence occupants that have
parking discs
Student and Staff demographics Total number of staff and students Areas they commute from
Relevant data (continued…) Jammie Shuttles
Total number of shuttles Fuel consumption for 2012 Number of trip per route per day Head count of shuttle users per month
Staff and Student commuting How they commute to campus Number of “Ridelink” participants
Data Sources As suggested by the project manager:
Properties and services – Bruce Jansen Centre of Transport Research – Marianne
Vanderschuren Carolyn McGibbon UCT Website Survey Green Campus Initiative - Joe Mayson
Data Gathered Total number of staff and students Number of parking discs issued Geographical map of staff and student
residence up to ~6.73 km from campus A sample through the paper based survey
of: Modes of transport used by staff and students Average distance travelled to campus Reasons for not using the Jammie shuttles
Preferred mode of transport by students
Area distribution on students
Preferred mode of transport by staff
Area distribution of staff
Recommendations Improving Data Collection
Including the travel survey in the admission form
Storing demographic information so as not to violate privacy on access
Compiling and updating data concisely and regularly
Recommendations (continued…) Reducing Carbon Footprint
Booming Systems to prevent people parking in areas that they
are not authorized to Carpooling – Ridelink Initiative Shuttle Service
changing routes or adding routes to current schedule
Working in conjunction with public transport providers, e.g. MyCiti
Challenges and Limitations Initial understanding of project.
Lack of stakeholder cooperation
Data not available
Unexpected deliverables
Reflection Good team work
Constant communication Equal workload and contribution
No major issues No conflict No misunderstandings
Forming-Storming-Norming-Performing Model
Forming: Initiation of group.
Storming: Dealing with conflicts.
Norming: Beginning stages of successful work.
Performing: Working well to produce the final project.
Reflection (continued) Overall success
Learnt new skills Formed good working relationships