Breeding, Survey and Epidemiology of Yellow Rust in Tajikistan in 2010
Mahbubjon Rahmatov, Hafiz Muminjanov, Zebuniso Eshonova, Ahad Ibrohimov, Mirzoali Karimov, Mogens Hovmøller, Kumarse Nazari, Alexey Morgounov, Arne Hede, Eva Johansson
OUTLINE• SURVEY AND MONITORING OF YELLOW RUST
IN 2010• EPIDEMIOLOGY OF YELLOW RUST IN 2010• YELLOW RUST RACE ANALYSIS• NATIONAL WHEAT BREEDING ACTIVITY IN 2010• UTILIZED GERMPLSM FOR WHEAT BREEDING
CYCLE IN 2010• RESULTS OF WHEAT BREEDING IN 2010• CONCLUSIONS
Wheat in Tajikistan
• Wheat is a main staple food crop • Bread wheat is growing about 350 000 ha• Production about 650 000 t. in 2009• Average yield is 2.0 -2.2 t/ha.• More than 60% of daily calories for people• Yellow Rust is most important disease
SURVEY AND MONITORING OF YELLOW RUST IN 2010
• Yellow Rust Survey and Monitoring were conducted in main wheat growing areas
• The survey and monitoring were followed by BGRI standardized methodology
• During flowering and milk/dough growing stage (April-May)
• The assessment for severities based on modified Cobb scale (Peterson et al. 1948), and the reaction by Roelfs et al, 1992
• More than 100 wheat fields were surveyed
Surveyed and Monitored Locations in Different Agro Ecological Areas and breeding trials
Survey and Monitoring of Yellow Rust in Tajikistan in 2010
Location Masl Incident, % Severity
Southern PartKurgan-Tyube 349
30-35
40SKolkhozobod 374 50SJilikul 346 70SKumsangir 393 50SPanj 348 40SKulob 894 60SShurobod 1951 60SMuminobod 1990 30MS
Central PartHissor 668
35-40
70SRudaki 837 40SVahdat 904 50SFayzobod 1209 70SGarm 1799 40SJirgatol 2659 60S
Central - East PartPakhtaobod 700
30-4040S
Tursunzoda 714 60SShahrinav 839 20S
North-East PartIsfara 814
20-3060S
Konibodom 371 50SKhujand 322 50S
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF YELLOW RUST IN 2010
• In Tajikistan yellow rust epidemics occurred an intervals of 4-5 years
• The epidemiology of yellow rust were investigated in all wheat growing areas both under irrigation and rainfed conditions in 2010.
• The grain yield losses were investigated in susceptible varieties ranges between 20 to 50% in farmer fields.
Yield data during 2006-2010 in Seed Farm, North of Tajikistan
VarietyAverage Yield, t/ha Yellow Rust
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2010
Nota 4.7 4.3 5.2 4.2 2.8 70S
Krasnodar-99 5.5 5.2 4.7 5.0 2.7 60S
Lastochka 5.5 5.3 5.4 5.2 3.6 40S
Delta 4.6 4.0 4.8 4.5 3.0 50S
Krasota 6.0 5.4 4.7 5.0 3.5 50S
Alex 4.5 4.7 4.0 4.0 2.7 40S
Yield data during 2006-2010 in Seed Farm, Central Part of Tajikistan
VarietyAverage Yield, t/ha Yellow Rust
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2010
Nota 5.0 5.0 4.6 4.5 2.8 80S
Krasnodar-99 5.6 5.0 6.5 5.0 3.2 70S
Yasaul - - 6.5 6.0 3.4 50S
Lastochka 5.0 4.7 4.5 4.0 3.2 50S
Alex 4.6 5.0 4.8 4.0 2.8 60S
YELLOW RUST RACE ANALYSIS
• During Survey and Monitoring yellow rust samples were collected for race analysis
• The yellow rust were submitted to GRRC• The yellow rust race analysis was done
according Hovmøller & Justesen, 2007 • The identification of YR races were based on
26 differential varieties and 8 NIL in Avocet S background
RACE ANALYSIS
• A total of five races were detected within 14 recovered isolates, based on differential varieties
• We used differentials carrying: Yr1, Yr2, Yr3, Yr4, Yr5, Yr6, Yr7, Yr8, Yr9, Yr10, Yr15, Yr17, Yr24, Yr25, Yr27 and Yr32
• Three races were multi-virulent, combining virulence towards Yr1, Yr2, Yr3, Yr4, Yr6, Yr9, Yr25 and Yr32
• Four races had virulence towards Yr27
YELLOW RUST TRAP NURSERY IN 2010
• 3rd IYRTN was provided through ICARDA• Trap nursery was used to survey the presence
of individuals factor of the yellow rust population in 2010
Virulence and Avirulence Genes in Yellow Rust Trap Nursery in 2010
• Virulence Genes: Yr1, Yr2, Yr4, Yr6, Yr7, Yr9, YrA, YrSp, Yr21, Yr22, 23, Yr27, Yr29, Yr31 and Yr32
• Avirulence Genes: Yr5, Yr8, Yr10, Yr15, and Yr17
NATIONAL WHEAT BREEDING ACTIVITY IN 2010
• The role of National Wheat Breeding Program is high importance in collaboration with Int. Centers
• International cooperation has been established within the framework of National Wheat Breeding program
Utilized Germplasm for Wheat Breeding Cycle in 2010
• Breeding genotypes were obtained from CIMMYT, IWWIP, ICARDA and OSU
• Three widely grown varieties were used as a local reference in each nursery namely Navruz, Alex and Starshina
Selection Process in the North of Tajikistan
Final Selection in Central of Tajikistan
Results
• High level of YR were recorded in the breeding trials over three locations
• 70% of breeding lines were damaged by YR and was showed susceptible reactions from 30S to 100S in the breeding nurseries
The Number of Selected Genotypes in 2010 from Different Nurseries
№ Nursery 2010 Number of Entries Replication Selected 2011, Nursery
1 30th ESWYT 50 1 16 OBSERVATION2 17th SAWYT 50 1 14 OBSERVATION3 MEXICAN SEL 90 1 13 OBSERVATION4 1st WWSRRN 100 1 2 OBSERVATION5 3rd STEMRRSN 110 1 20 OBSERVATION6 4th STEMRRSN 130 1 16 OBSERVATION7 17th FAWWON-IR 185 1 7 OBSERVATION8 F3HR USA 1060 HR 1 90 OBSERVATION9 F2 USA 335 1 36 HEAD ROWS
10 13th IWWYT-IR 40 2 4 PYT11 OBSERVATION 57 1 18 PYT12 PYT 21 3 10 YT13 YT 20 3 8 MYT14 MYT 16 3 5 SCVT
Submitted advanced lines for official testing in 2010
• OTUS/TOBA97, • HUAYUN INIA, • KAUZ*2/CHEN//BCN/3/MILAN,• CBRD/KAUZ, • CMH82A.1294/2*KAUZ//MUNIA/CHTO/3/
MILAN.
Conclusions
• Yellow rust is an important disease in Tajikistan• Annually conducting of survey and monitoring are
necessary to define status of yellow rust in Tajikistan.
• Yield loss in seed farm were ranged from 20-50%• Wheat breeding programs must strengthen in
cooperation with International Wheat Breeding programs to enhance the germplasm collection which resistance for yellow rust and other diseases
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
• ICARDA• CIMMYT• Global Rust Reference Center• IWWIP• Oklahoma State University• BGRI• FAO