BrainTutorial
GrossAnatomyLab#21Fall2016
ModifiedfromDr.LenWhite–BrainandBehaviorManyimagesfromNeurosciences,5thediIon.
GABrainTutorial2015FortheBrainlabandthistutorialyourmaingoalistolocatethebasicfeaturesofthebrain.Thisismerelyanintroduc/ontothesestructuresandwillhelpprepareyouforBrainandBehavior(withDr.LenWhite)inthespringsemester(Neuroanatomy).Youwillhaveahandfulofneuroanatomylabstocoverinmoredepththesurfaceofthebrain,theventricularsystem,theduralvenoussinuses,thebloodsupplyofthebrainandspinalcord,andcross-secIonalviewsofthebrainandspinalcord.Dr.WhitewilljoinusduringourGAlabtohelpguideyouthroughthesestructures.GOALSandOBJECTIVES:• RecognizetheembryologicalderivaIonsofthebrain–findthesegeneralregions
ontheadultbrain.• DemonstratethefourpairedlobesofthecerebralcortexandidenIfybynameand
locaIon,theboundariesofeach.• IdenIfystructuresofthebrainstemandthecranialnerves.• IdenIfythemajorvesselssupplyingthelobesofthebrainandthespinalcord.• IdenIfythefluidfilledcaviIesoftheventricularsystem.• IdenIfytheduralvenoussinusesformedbythefoldingoftheduramater.
Prosencephalon(forebrain):Telencephalon–cerebralhemispheres,basalganglia,hippocampus,olfactorybulb,basalforebrainDiencephalon–dorsalthalamus&hypothalamus
Mesencephalon:midbrainRhombencephalon(hindbrain):Metencephalon–pons&cerebellumMyelencephalon–medulla
Embryologicalsubdivisions–Pro,Mes,RhombAdult-Tel,Di,Mes,Met,My
Lateralview
SURFACEFEATURESBrainTutorial
Lobes:frontal,parietal,occipital,temporalFissures:Longitudinalfissure(orsuperiorsagiZalfissure)–separatesR&Lhemispheres Lateral(orSylvian)fissure/lateralsulcus–separatesfrontal&parietalfromtemporal
Sulci:Centralsulcus–betweenfrontal&parietallobesGyri:Pre-centralgyrus–frontallobe,somaIcmotor;Post-centralgyrus–parietallobe,somaIcsensoryRegions:Broca’sarea–producIonofspeech
Wernicke’sarea–understandingspeech
IdenIfybasicsurfacefeaturesofthebrain
Broca’s area
Wernicke’s area
IdenIfybasicmedialsurfacefeaturesofthebrain
Corpuscallosum–whitemaZer,conveysaxonsbetweenhemispheresFornix–fiberbundleconnecInghippocampus&hypothalamusSeptumpellucidum–separateslateralventriclesPinealgland–aZachestoposteriorthalamus;Thalamus–relaysmostinformaIontoandfromcortexHypothalamus–homeostasis&otherphysiologicalacIviIesMammillarybodies–memory&limbicsystemPituitarygland–aZachedtohypothalamusviainfundibulum(ofstalkofthepituitary)Pons:roleincoordinaIonofmovementMedullaoblongata:autonomicfuncIons
BRAINSTEMANDCRANIALNERVESBrainTutorial
IdenIfycranialnervesontheanterior/ventralsurfaceofthebrainstem
3
6
12
1
2
4
5
789
10
11
PONS
Trytoviewthetrochlearnerveandthepinealgland/bodyontheposterior/dorsalsurfaceofthebrainstem
IdenIfycranialnervesinasuperiorviewofthecranialcavity
Cranialnerves:areviewtable
VASCULATUREBrainTutorial
IdenIfyarteriesofthebrainontheinferior/ventralsurface
Lightblue=#1-5(suppliedbyinternalcaroIdandpartoftheanteriorcirculaIon)Yellow/tan=#5-8(suppliedbyvertebral/basilarandpartoftheposteriorcirculaIon)
Knowthebasicarterialsupplyofthecerebrum
Moore’sClinicallyOrientedAnatomy
(PCOM)
(PCA)
(MCA)
(ACA)
(ACOM)
(ICA)
IdenIfythearteriesofthecircleofWillis
(PICA)
(AICA)
(SCA)
VENTRICLESANDDURALVENOUSSINUSES
BrainTutorial
IdenIfythespacesoftheventricularsystemCerebralspinalfluid(CSF)flowswithin–CSFmadeinchoroidplexusesLateralventricles–insidecerebralhemispheres(septumpellucidumseparates)Thirdventricle–conInuouswithlateralventricles,runsinmidlineofdiencephalon Cerebral(Mesencephalic)aqueduct–conInuouswith3rdventricle,runsthroughmidbrainFourthventricle–aqueductconnectswith,spaceindorsalpons&medullaCentralcanal–conInuouswith4thventricle,runswithinspinalcord
IdenIfytheduralvenoussinusesSuperiorsagiZalInferiorsagiZalSuperiorpetrosalInferiorpetrosalConfluenceofsinusesStraightsinusTransversesinusSigmoidsinusOccipitalsinus
