Bonding in Solids
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Chemists often divide solids into two types:
Crystalline solids
Amorphous solids
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Have indistinct shapes because their structural units lack order.
Example: Glass and rubber
Amorphous Solids
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Have organized structural units and distinct shapes
Example: Garnet
Crystalline Solids
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Crystalline Solids
Chemists classify crystalline solids into five categories
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Crystalline Solids
Atomic Solids - Covalent Non-polarIndividual atoms held together by London Dispersion ForcesVery low melting and boiling pointsVery rare (Noble gases in solid state)
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Crystalline Solids
Molecular Solids- Covalent PolarStronger dipole-dipole forces giving them higher melting and boiling points then atomic
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Crystalline Solids
Network SolidsCovalently bonded to form 3D structures. Often form crystalline structures in carbon-based solids
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Crystalline Solids
Ionic SolidsArray of ions, arrange in a crystal lattice structure.
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Crystalline Solids
Metallic SolidsFree electrons pool around metal cations.Strong bonding leads to high boiling and melting points.
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