Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Stormwater BMP MaintenanceImportance
• Maintain the function of the BMP• Maintain environmental and habitat
benefits• Maintain appearance-public acceptance• Prevent costly future repairs
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Developing a Maintenance StrategyFacility Inventory
• Obtain maintenance plan and design documents
• Visit the site to review conditions, access
• Contact the local governmental jurisdiction
• Several communities in JOCO now require an establishment and maintenance plan to be recorded with the county
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Developing a Maintenance Strategy Work Plan
• Review facility inventory• Review maintenance guides• Create a list of activities,
equipment needed and cost• Review plan with owner and local
governmental officials• Modify or create checklist and
record keeping procedures• Assign and educate personnel• Implementation and evaluation
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
InspectionsFrequency and Type
• Construction process• BMP age• BMP type• BMP condition
• BMP design• Plant type and species• Upstream conditions
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Regular InspectionsFrequency
• Weekly during establishment period• Weekly/monthly after establishment period• Complete when doing regular site maintenance• Some inspections should occur during rainfall• Some inspections should occur 24 hours after rainfall
Weeds and invasive species a few months after planting
Immediately after planting
During rain eventAfter establishment period
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Regular InspectionsLocation
• Upstream Parking Lots & Paved Areas• Upstream Unpaved Areas• Forebays• Main Treatment Area• Storm Sewer Pipes and Structures
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Regular InspectionsVisual Assessment
• Trash and debris• Sediment accumulation• Bare soil and erosion• Plant coverage• Plant health
Trash and debris
Sediment accumulation
Plant coverage
Erosion
Plant Health
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Regular InspectionsVisual Assessment
• Soil moisture and percolation• Weeds and invasive species• Animal and insect damage• Mulch condition
Weeds and invasive species
2 months after planting
Soil percolation
Animal damage Mulch
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Periodic InspectionsFrequency
• Annually or as needed• Increase frequency to monitor
identified potential problems• During drought• During storm events
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Periodic InspectionsVisual Assessment
• Storm sewer pipe and structure condition
• Dam, embankment, overflow weir condition
• Stormwater Flow
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Periodic InspectionsTesting and Surveys
• Soil testing• Soil profile• Stormwater flow• Detention volume• Water testing
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Regular Maintenance ProceduresSoil Stabilization
• Establishment Period• Management Period• Repairs
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Regular Maintenance ProceduresClean Up – Trash and Debris
• Location• Equipment• Frequency• Disposal
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Regular Maintenance ProceduresClean Up – Sediment Removal
• Location (Upstream, Forebay, Structures, Ponding & Treatment Area)
• Equipment• Method (Avoid heavy equipment
of select soils)• Frequency• Disposal• Amount (All or partial)
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Regular Maintenance ProceduresPlant Density
• Facility age• Plant loss• Season• Plant spacing
Year 1 Year 2
Year 4
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Regular Maintenance ProceduresInvasive Species Removal –General
• Importance• Frequency• Environmentally sensitive practices• Plant identification-use photo guides
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Regular Maintenance ProceduresInvasive Species Removal –By Hand
• Method• Frequency• Weed species knowledge• Clean Up (removal of Biomass)
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Regular Maintenance ProceduresInvasive Species Removal –Mowing
• Equipment• Method• Height• Frequency• Edging• Clean Up (removal of Biomass)
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Regular Maintenance ProceduresInvasive Species Removal –Edging & Trimming
• Purpose• Equipment• Method• Frequency• Clean Up (removal of
Biomass)
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Regular Maintenance ProceduresInvasive Species Removal –Burning
• Benefits• Local regulations• Method (Spot and Large Area)• Frequency
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Regular Maintenance ProceduresInvasive Species Removal –Chemical
• Integrated Chemical Management• Product Selection• Timing• Method/Application
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Regular Maintenance ProceduresInvasive Aquatic Species Removal
• Cattails• Reed Canary Grass• Algae
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
Regular Maintenance ProceduresInvasive Woody Species Removal
• Location• Equipment• Method• Frequency
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Regular Maintenance ProceduresPlant Maintenance
• Aesthetic Goals• Frequency• Plant Characteristics• Watering• Replacements• Disease
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Regular Maintenance ProceduresSoil Amendments
• Type (Organic vs Inorganic• Composition• Frequency• Application Rate• Adjacent Areas
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Regular Maintenance ProceduresPest Management
• Animal damage• Insects
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Stormwater BMP MaintenanceResources
• APWA MARC Maunal of Best Management Practices for Stormwater Quality, Mid America Regional Council, August 2009
• “Maintaining Stormwater Systems: A Guidebook for Private Owners and Operators”, Northern Virginia Regional Commission, January 2007
• “Practically Easy Landscape Maintenance: A Care Manual for Natural Drainage Systems”, Seattle Public Utilities, 2005
• “Landscape Guide for Stormwater Best Management Practice Design”, Metropolitan St Louis Sewer District, 2009
• “A Citizen’s Guide to Maintaining Stormwater Best Management Practices”, Lake County Stormwater Management Commission, October 2004
• “Stormwater Wet Pond and Wetlands Management Guidebook”, EPA 833-B-09-001 February 2009
• Stormwater BMPs Selection, Maintenance & Monitoring, Gordon England and Stuart Stein, July 2007
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Stormwater BMP MaintenanceQuestions?
Plant Maintenance for BMPsJason Dremsa- Applied Ecological Services
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Overview
• Updates to the BMP Manual Maintenance Tables
• First Year establishment Priorities• Second & Third Year Establishment Priorities• Continuing Maintenance Issues• Resources for Maintenance (BMP Manual)
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
BMP Manual Maintenance Updates
Tables – Section 8
Typical Maintenance Activities:• Rain Garden (8.1)• Bioretention Cell (8.4.6)• Extended Dry Detention Basin (8.12.6)
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Activity FrequencyEstablishment (1-3yrs)
Watering plants(seeded areas up to 8 weeks, plugs and container plants in drought)
1” per week as needed
Weed control(flail mow, string-trim, selective/preemerg herbicides, mechanical removal , foliar herbicide)
Monthly
Remove litter and debris (trash, leaves, sand, mower discharge)
Monthly
Monitor & repair erosion(stabilize soil, replace plants, secure edging)
Monthly
Check for standing water(longer than design, any puddles, saturated soil)
Monthly
Add mulch(moisture & weed control with plugs/containers, 3” or less)
Annually
Inspect drainage area (parking lot sweeping, open dumpsters, etc)
Annually
Replace dead plants(use design species/size: overseed, install deep cell plugs, maintain density)
Annually, as needed
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Activity FrequencyEstablishment (3yrs+)
Vegetation cleanup (string-trim, spot spray, prescribed burn, prune)
Annually, spring or fall
Evaluate plant composition(woody invasion, grass/flower ratio, “right plant right place”)
Annually
Sediment removal, erosion control(pretreatment structures: forebay, check dams, swale)
Annually
Address animal damage (beaver dams, muskrat burrows, deer rubs)
Annually
Verify structural component function(v-notch weir, check dams, outlet protection, area inlet, valve or gate lube, underdrain, inflows)
Annually
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
Activity FrequencyNative Vegetation Swale
String trim vegetation to minimize disturbance Annually
Inspect for erosion in flow lines and slopes Annually
Bioretention cell
Evaluate soils for nutrients, physical make-up Annually
Fortify edging material/adjacent landscape beds Annually
Typical maintenance activities are outlined to provide a basis for scheduling and planning work but should not be considered wholly comprehensive or definitive. Activities and frequencies will vary depending on site conditions and expectations related to adjacent land use. Some activities shown may continue through the establishment and maintenance phases. It’s important to use adaptive management based on the goals of the practice and to integrate evaluation and assessment into a long-term maintenance plan.
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
First Year/Establishment Priorities:
Erosion Control: • Rills• GulliesSheet Flow or Concentrated?
Annual Weeds: ID, removal, examples…
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
First Year/Establishment Priorities:
Annual weeds – Definition: • Annual plants complete their life cycle in one
year.• A weed is a plant out of place.
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
First Year/Establishment Priorities:
Removing Annual weeds• Annual weeds should be cut or broken off at
the base to limit soil disturbance; disturbance after planting can lead to erosion and more weeds.
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
First Year/Establishment Priorities:Common Annual Weeds (in Johnson County/Kansas City)
List:•ANNUAL BROAD LEAF WEEDS :•common sunflower•mares tail•giant ragweed•common ragweed•cocklebur•lambs quarter•prickly lettuce•pigweed•velvet leaf•hedge parsely
•ANNUAL GRASS WEEDS:•fox tail (green, yellow, & giant)
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Annual Broad Leaf Weed Control :common sunflower Helianthus annuus
First Year/Establishment Priorities:
•Found in cultivated land, pastures, and BMPs
•2 to 10 feet tall
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Annual Broad Leaf Weed Control :mares tail Conyza canadensis
First Year/Establishment Priorities:
•1 to 6 feet tall
•Found in pastures, roadsides, and BMPs
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Annual Broad Leaf Weed Control :giant ragweed Ambrosia trifida
First Year/Establishment Priorities:
•12 to 18 feet tall on fertile, moist soils; 4 to 8 feet in less fertile, drier areas•Found mostly on fertile, moist soils, especially bottomlands
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Annual Broad Leaf Weed Control :common ragweed Ambrosia artemisiifolia
First Year/Establishment Priorities:
•Found in old pastures, BMPs, roadsides, and cultivated land
•1 to 4 feet tall
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Annual Broad Leaf Weed Control :cocklebur Xanthium strumarium
First Year/Establishment Priorities:
•2 to 4 feet tall
•Found in cultivated fields, abandoned land, poor pastures, and roadsides
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Annual Broad Leaf Weed Control :lambs quarter Chenopodium album
First Year/Establishment Priorities:
•3 to 4 feet tall
•Found in cultivated crops
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Annual Broad Leaf Weed Control :prickly lettuce Lactuca serriola
First Year/Establishment Priorities:
•2 to 6 feet tall
•Found in roadsides, fence rows, and BMPs
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Annual Broad Leaf Weed Control :pigweed Amaranthus retroflexus
First Year/Establishment Priorities:
•up to 6 feet tall
•Found in cultivated fields, yards, fence rows, and BMPs
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Annual Broad Leaf Weed Control :velvet leaf Abutilon theophrasti
First Year/Establishment Priorities:
•often 6 to 8 feet tall
•Found principally in soybean and corn fields but occasionally in gardens, and along fence rows
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Annual Broad Leaf Weed Control :hedge parsely
First Year/Establishment Priorities:
•1-3 feet tall
•Found in BMPs, edges of woods, and low shady places
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Annual Grass Weed Control :fox tail (green, yellow, giant) Setaria spp.
First Year/Establishment Priorities:
•Typically 1 to 4 feet tall
•Found in cultivated crops, gardens, turf
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Second &Third Year/Establishment Priorities:
• Replacement Planting• Inlet, forebay, repair/cleaning• On-going Erosion Problem• Other Issues• Hydrology
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Second &Third Year/Establishment Priorities:
Biennial weeds– • A plant out of place that normally requires two
seasons to complete its life cycle, growing usually as a rosette in the first season and producing flowers and fruits and then dying in the second season.
Perennial weeds – • A plant out of place that lives for more than two
years, retuning from their root-stock; rather than seeding themselves as an annual plant does.
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Second &Third Year/Establishment Priorities:
• Removing Biennial weeds:Cut stalk before seed production, Pull (with out
disturbing soil) kill Rosette with herbicide. • Removing Perennial weeds:Spray with herbicide or Pull (with out disturbing
soil) and/or burn with prescribed fire (if permitted).
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Second &Third Year/Establishment Priorities:
Common Biennial & Perennial Weeds (in Johnson County/Kansas City)
List:•BIENNIAL WEEDS:•Queen Anne’s lace•musk thistle•Sweet clover?
•PERENNIAL WEEDS:•curly dock•red clover•white clover•field bind weed•johnsongrass -photo•sericea lezpedeza - photo•reed canary grass
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Biennial Broad Leaf Weed Control :Queen Anne’s lace Daucus carota
Second & Third Year/Establishment Priorities:
•1 to 3 feet tall
•Found in meadows, pastures, and roadsides; not in cultivated fields
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Biennial Broad Leaf Weed Control :musk thistle Carduus nutans
Second & Third Year/Establishment Priorities:
•Noxious Weed
•3 to 6 feet tall
•Found in pastures, meadows, and BMPs
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Perennial Broad Leaf Weed Control :curley dock Rumex crispus
Second & Third Year/Establishment Priorities:
•1 to 4 feet tall
•Found in pastures, roadsides, new hay fields, and BMPs
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Perennial Broad Leaf Weed Control :red clover Trifolium pratense
Second & Third Year/Establishment Priorities:
•1 -3 feet tall
•Found in disturbed sites
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Perennial Broad Leaf Weed Control :white clover Trifolium repens
Second & Third Year/Establishment Priorities:
•Up to .5 feet tall
•Found in disturbed sites and lawns
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Perennial Broad Leaf Weed Control :field bind weed Convolvulus arvensis
Second & Third Year/Establishment Priorities:
•Noxious Weed
•2 to 7 feet long, twining or spreading over ground
•Able to persist and spread in all noncultivated areas
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Perennial Broad Leaf Weed Control :serecia lezpedeza Lespedeza cuneata
Second & Third Year/Establishment Priorities:
•Noxious Weed
•1 to 6 feet tall
•Found in disturbed prairies, pastures, and along road sides
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Perennial Grass Weed Control :reed canary grass Phalaris arundinacea
Second & Third Year/Establishment Priorities:
•Noxious weed
•2-6 feet tall•Moderate moisture, moist, to wet; shores, marshes
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Perennial Grass Weed Control :johngrass Sorghum holepense
Second & Third Year/Establishment Priorities:
•Noxious weed
•1-1/2 to 6 feet or •more tall
•Found in overflow bottoms and disturbed sites
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Resources for Maintenance of Stormwater Management BMPs
• “Maintaining Stormwater Systems: A Guidebook for Private Owners and Operators”, Northern Virginia Regional Commission, January 2007
• “Practically Easy Landscape Maintenance: A Care Manual for Natural Drainage Systems”, Seattle Public Utilities, 2005
• “Landscape Guide for Stormwater Best Management Practice Design”, Metropolitan St Louis Sewer District, 2009
• “Georgia Stormwater Management Manual, Volume 2: Technical Handbook”, August 2001, Appendix E & F
• “Missouri Pond Handbook”, Missouri Dept of Conservation 2008
• “Aquatic Plants and Their Control”, Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service 2005
• “Horticulture Report: Buffalo Grass Lawns” (MF 658), Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extensive Service, Sept 2001
• “Stormwater Treatment: Assessment and Maintenance”, University of Minnesota, St Anthony Falls Laboratory 2010 (http://stormwaterbook.safl.umn.edu/)
• “Stormwater Wet Pond and Wetlands Management Guidebook”, EPA 833-B-09-001 February 2009
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013
Questions
Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, November 2013