Bill of RightsOur 1st 10 amendments to the Constitution
Bill of Rights Anti-Federalists disagreed with the
Federalists Constitution would not be approved unless a
compromise was made. Anti-Federalists felt we needed
something in our new plan for government that mentions the people—
and their rights….not a bad idea since the Americans had almost every basic right stripped from them.
So…. The Feds and the Anti-Feds
Came up with some rights… They become our first 10
amendments a.k.a The Bill of Rights (BoR) All deal with freedoms that are granted
to us because we are U.S. citizensThese are our basic civil liberties!
First Amendment
: RAPPS
R: Religion
•You may believe in whatever you choose or nothing at all!•Limits: can’t break laws example- no illegal animal sacrifices
1 RAPPS Freedom of
Religion- separation of church and state
Assembly- Can peacefully gather Gov’t approves time, place and
manner Can’t pose a Clear and present
danger Meetings, parades, strikes are
Petition- Freely write the gov’t w/o fear of
backlash or persecution Email, letter, blog, comment, editorial
in paper
Press- Press has rights to publish
whatever they wish YOU can Express yourself in
print form Gov’t can’t censor Books, newspapers,
magazines, radio, tv, internet Limitations- can’t print lies:
called LIBEL
Speech- Regarding speaking out
against government No threats Also covers
EXPRESSION (things not said but done)
Freedom of speech under expression internet, art, clothing, music Limitations:
Can’t endanger the gov’t or other Americans Can’t provoke riot or other violent acts Can’t speak or write with intent to commit criminal act or to
overthrow gov’t by force Can’t disturb the peace of others-loud music
Cant lie or hurt ones reputation (slander) Tinker vs. DesMoines (black armband)
Spoken lie- called SLANDER
2: Right to Bear Arms
Initially gave men right to own and carry arms for purpose of serving in military
Today:Age requirementLicense, background checkCan’t use to commit crime or instill fear
Today controversy about what the writers intent was and if intentions have been stretched
3: Quartering Amendment
In peacetime we don’t have to shelter soldiers It would take congressional action to
authorize quartering soldiers Have this b/c the Brits were using
martial law and moving into colonists homes after the stamp act….
quartering act…
4: No unreasonable search and seizures
No soldier or gov’t official can search or take property w/o good cause
Search warrant must be present Judge must be convinced a search will
produce evidence associated with a crime to grant a warrant
Uh-oh…
5th : 5 parts: protects rights of the accused
1. Due Process- gov’t/law must follow established legal procedures (arrest, rights read, booked, informed of crime accused of, right to attorney…)
No matter who/what you are accused of 2. Eminent domain- must pay fair price for
land/property 3. Grand jury- don’t determine guilt or innocence
Decide if there is enough evidence to go to trial 4. No Double Jeopardy- people acquitted (vote of
not guilty) can not be tried for same crime 5. No self-incrimination-”plead the 5th”
Cant be forced to testify against yourselfCan only use on yourself; not others
6: Accused gets more rights Speedy public trial Right to attorney
Case of Gideon v Wainwright
Guarantees lawyer even if you can’t afford one
Jury or your peers Informed of charges (so you know what they
are accusing you of)
1960
7: Jury Trial in CIVIL cases
Can opt out and get a trial by judgeWhy? Quicker and if lawyer feels judge
will give better opportunity7 rhymes with “heaven”Not criminal acts, but lesser ones: CIVIL
8: No cruel and unusual punishment
Includes excessive bails and finesBail- sum of $ used as a security deposit to insure
accused shows up for trial If returned for trial $ is returned and if you don’t show,
the $ is kept and another charge of failure to appear is issued
No gov’t official, law enforcement can physically beat you
Your punishment MUST fit the crime
9: (IX) all rights not listed, are covered for
YOU Called unwritten rights
Not sure what would come up over time Right to marry who you choose
Right to attend college of your choice
ETC…
10 (X) any right not given to federalgov’t are…
Given to states Called reServed powers or states
powers!!! Anti-feds happy! Prevents congress and pres from
becoming too strong!