BASICS OF NETWORK OPERATIONSAir Traffic Flow Management
Airspace Management(ATFM + ASM)
1. What is ATFM?
2. Traffic Demand and Resource Capacity
3. Collaborative Decision Making (CDM) Process
4. ATFM Phases and Measures (+ Group Exercise)
5. ATFM Technical Support
6. What is ASM
7. Flexible Use of Airspace (FUA) Concept
8. Restricted Areas and Conditional Routes
9. AEROTHAI and Global and Regional ATFM
10. AEROTHAI and Civil-Military Cooperation
Outline
Part 1 - ATFM
Part 2 - ASM
Part 3 – Projects
ENHD/02/ATFM_ASM BASIC TRAINING LEVEL PPT 2
1. What is ATFM?
2. Traffic Demand and Resource Capacity
3. Collaborative Decision Making (CDM) Process
4. ATFM Phases and Measures (+ Group Exercise)
5. ATFM Technical Support
6. What is ASM
7. Flexible Use of Airspace (FUA) Concept
8. Restricted Areas and Conditional Routes
9. AEROTHAI and Global and Regional ATFM
10. AEROTHAI and Civil-Military Cooperation
Outline
Part 1 - ATFM
Part 2 - ASM
Part 3 – Projects
ENHD/02/ATFM_ASM BASIC TRAINING LEVEL PPT 3
Water Taps and Containers
What is ATFM?
Credit: ICAO APAC RSO ATFM Workshop 2014
ENHD/02/ATFM_ASM BASIC TRAINING LEVEL PPT 4
Water Taps and Containers
What is ATFM?
Credit: ICAO APAC RSO ATFM Workshop 2014
Change to a Large Container
ENHD/02/ATFM_ASM BASIC TRAINING LEVEL PPT 5
Water Taps and Containers
What is ATFM?
Credit: ICAO APAC RSO ATFM Workshop 2014
Manage the Green Tap
ENHD/02/ATFM_ASM BASIC TRAINING LEVEL PPT 6
Water Taps and Containers
What is ATFM?
Credit: ICAO APAC RSO ATFM Workshop 2014
Use the Blue Tapinstead of the Green Tap
ENHD/02/ATFM_ASM BASIC TRAINING LEVEL PPT 7
Water Taps and Containers
What is ATFM?
Credit: ICAO APAC RSO ATFM Workshop 2014
Manage the Brown Tap(Original one)
ENHD/02/ATFM_ASM BASIC TRAINING LEVEL PPT 8
Water Taps and Containers
What is ATFM?
Credit: ICAO APAC RSO ATFM Workshop 2014
Original Tab………….Departure AirportContainers……………ATC SectorsSize of Container….CapacityAmount of Water...Traffic Volume
(Demand)
ENHD/02/ATFM_ASM BASIC TRAINING LEVEL PPT 9
Philosophy of “Air Traffic Flow Management”
ATFM = Demand-Capacity Balancing
• Key Mission: Manage air traffic demand to ensure smooth and expeditious flow of traffic into airspace /airports, while optimizing the resource capacities available safely.
What is ATFM
ENHD/02/ATFM_ASM BASIC TRAINING LEVEL PPT 10
Philosophy of “Air Traffic Flow Management”
• Key Objectives: – Enhance safety through minimizing traffic surges
– Ensure optimum traffic flow
– Facilitate collaboration to support stakeholders’ objectives
– Balance stakeholders’ requirements
– Reconcile constraints with other priorities
– Manage unforeseen disruptions
– Facilitate seamless cross-border
ATM system
What is ATFM
ENHD/02/ATFM_ASM BASIC TRAINING LEVEL PPT 11
Key Elements in an ATFM System
What is ATFM
ATFM System
Traffic Demand
Resource Capacity
CDM Process
ATFM Solutions
Technical Support
Tools
Post-Ops Analysis Process
“Appropriate”Concept of Operations
ENHD/02/ATFM_ASM BASIC TRAINING LEVEL PPT 12
ATFM Concept of Operations
• Domestic ATFM– Focus on managing domestic traffic demand
– ATFM measures applied to domestic traffic only
– Generally run by national ATFM unit
What is ATFM
Example: United StatesFAA ATC System
Command Center
ENHD/02/ATFM_ASM BASIC TRAINING LEVEL PPT 13
ATFM Concept of Operations
• Cross-Border ATFM - Centralized– Focus on managing international traffic demand
– ATFM measures applied to international traffic
– Run by a single regional (central) ATFM unit
What is ATFM
Example: EuropeEUROCONTROL Network
Manager Operations Center
ENHD/02/ATFM_ASM BASIC TRAINING LEVEL PPT 14
ATFM Concept of Operations
• Cross-Border ATFM - Distributed– Focus on managing international traffic demand
– ATFM measures applied to international traffic
– Collaborative run by a network of local ATFM units, connected via information sharing framework
What is ATFM
Example: Asia-PacificDistributed Multi-Nodal ATFM
Operational Trial Project
ENHD/02/ATFM_ASM BASIC TRAINING LEVEL PPT 15
ATFM Concept of Operations
• Question: Which ConOps are appropriate for these?
What is ATFM
Country C• Location: Pacific• Annual traffic volume: ~1.5 millions• Traffic breakdown:
• Domestic 87%• International 13%• Overfly (small)
Country D• Location: Europe• Annual traffic volume: ~2.2 millions• Traffic breakdown:
• Domestic 16%• International 84%• Overfly (small)
Country A• Location: Middle East• Annual traffic volume: ~905,000• Traffic breakdown:
• Domestic 6%• International 76%• Overfly 18%
Country B• Location: SE Asia• Annual traffic volume: ~910,000• Traffic breakdown:
• Domestic 44%• International 46%• Overfly 10%
ENHD/02/ATFM_ASM BASIC TRAINING LEVEL PPT 16
Air Traffic Demand Prediction
Traffic Demand and Resource Capacity
Traffic Demand
Airport Slots• Obtained through IATA Airport Slot
Coordination Process• Provides:
Scheduled Off-Block Time (SOBT) Scheduled In-Block Time (SIBT)
• Update: Seasonal basis
Marketing Schedule• Airlines’ marketing schedule• Obtained from commercial sources
e.g. Official Airline Guide (OAG)• Provides: commercial schedule time• Update: Weekly basis
Flight Plans• Specific information about flight• Obtained from FPLs submitted
before flights• Provides: accurate, detailed info• Update: Daily basis
ENHD/02/ATFM_ASM BASIC TRAINING LEVEL PPT 17
Air Traffic Demand PredictionWhat does a FPL tell me?FF VTBBATSX 130423 VHHHFPLM <STX>(FPL-THA629-IS -A333/H-SDZGHIJW/SD-VHHH0700 -N0470S1160 PECAN V10 SIKOU/K0880S1160 A202 ASSAD/N0470F400 A202 RAMEI W42 PAKRI Y13 RUKSA-VTBS0226 VTBD-EET/ZGZU0035 ZJSA0043 VVVV0110 VLVT0124 VTBB0136 REG/HSTBE SEL/HLEJ PER/C COM/FMC WPR ACARS E1 DFIS ACARS E2 PDC ACARS E3 J4 J5 INMARSAT M1 L B1 D1 DAT/V S NAV/RNAV10 RNP10 A1 RNAV5 B1 RNAV2 C1 RNAV1 D1 RNP4 L1 RNP1 O1 RNP APCH BARO VNAV S2 RNP AR APCH RF T1 CODE/885045 RMK/TCAS FDMC CONVERT DOF/161213)
Traffic Demand and Resource Capacity
ENHD/02/ATFM_ASM BASIC TRAINING LEVEL PPT 18
Resource Capacity Assessment
Traffic Demand and Resource Capacity
Resource Capacity
Airport CapacityInfrastructure• Runway and taxiway config.• Navigation aidsOperations• Airspace complexity• TKOF/LDG separation• RWY modes of operationsTraffic Demand• Fleet mix and RWY usage• Airport slotsEnvironment• Noise abatement procedure• Obstacles• CurfewWeather• Weather situation at airport
Airspace CapacityAirspace Design• Sectorization, procedures• PDR areas, FUAInfrastructure• COM / NAV / SUR• PBN procedure• ATM automationTraffic Complexity• ATC intervention• Traffic mixOperational Standards• Separation (proc. or sur.)• CoordinationHuman Factor• Workload and manpowerWeather• Weather situation
ENHD/02/ATFM_ASM BASIC TRAINING LEVEL PPT 19
Collaborative Decision Making Process
Stakeholders’ (possibly conflicting)
Objectives
Airlines• On-time performance
(measured at pushback)• Optimum flight profile• Optimum routing• Optimum fuel consumption• Quick turnaround process• Predictable operations
ANSPs• Safe and efficient traffic flow• Optimum flight separation• Manageable workload• Optimum use of capacity• Predictable operations
Airport Operator• Efficient gate process• Optimum use of gates• Manageable traffic and passenger
demands• Optimum use of ground capacity• Predictable operations
ENHD/02/ATFM_ASM BASIC TRAINING LEVEL PPT 20
Collaborative Decision Making Process
Stakeholders’ (possibly conflicting)
Objectives
CDM
Process
Input• Shared information• Stakeholders’ intentions• Operations outlook• Weather outlook
Enablers• Regular operational
briefings• Conferences• Information-sharing
platform
Outputs• ATFM Daily Plan• NOTAM• (other means of
information distribution)
ENHD/02/ATFM_ASM BASIC TRAINING LEVEL PPT 21
ATFM Phases Overview
ATFM Phases and Measures
Strategic ATFM
• Timeframe: 6 months – 7 days before flight operations
• Key Objective: Long-term / seasonal strategic plan for Demand-Capacity Balancing
Pre-Tactical ATFM
• Timeframe: 7 – 1 day before flight operations
• Key Objective: Communicate outlook on traffic situation and possible ATFM measures
Tactical ATFM
• Timeframe: Day of operation, before departure sequencing
• Key Objective: Implement ATFM measures to regulate traffic demand
Tactical ATS
• Timeframe: During flight operation, from departure sequencing to landing
• Key Objective: Prevent collisions; expedite and maintain safe and orderly flow of air traffic
ENHD/02/ATFM_ASM BASIC TRAINING LEVEL PPT 22
Example of ATFM Measures
ATFM Phases and Measures
Managing traffic just prior to their entranceinto the constrained resource
Examples:• Minutes-in-Trail• Miles-in-Trail
ENHD/02/ATFM_ASM BASIC TRAINING LEVEL PPT 23
Example of ATFM Measures
ATFM Phases and Measures
Manage / Push traffic away from the constrained resource
Examples:• Mandatory alternate routings• Contingency routes
ENHD/02/ATFM_ASM BASIC TRAINING LEVEL PPT 24
Example of ATFM Measures
ATFM Phases and Measures
Manage traffic prior to departure to ensure smooth flow into the constrained resource
Examples:• Ground Delay Program
(GDP) through provision of Calculated Take-Off Time (CTOT)
• Minimum Departure Interval (MDI)
ENHD/02/ATFM_ASM BASIC TRAINING LEVEL PPT 25
Group Exercise: Implement GDP/CTOT to manage inbound
traffic into Phuket Airport (VTSP)
SCENARIO: You’re an ATFMU Officer at Bangkok ATFMU. You have received a notice that, due to severe adverse weather at VTSP; the airport can only take 6 landings between 0800 – 0900 UTC (nominal landing rate: 12 landings / hour). Because of the restriction, you need to implement Ground Delay Program (GDP) to slow the inbound traffic during the hour of 0800 – 0900 UTC. This can be done by issuing Calculated Take-Off Time (CTOT) to scheduled VTSP arrivals to manage the flights from their points of departure.
YOUR TASK: Calculate CTOT for affected flights
ATFM Phases and Measures
ENHD/02/ATFM_ASM BASIC TRAINING LEVEL PPT 26
Brainstorm: What tools / support infrastructure can we develop for ATFM operations?
Key objectives:• Reliable tools to implement ATFM
measures
• Efficient information sharing
• Data collection and
post-ops analysis
ATFM Technical Support
ENHD/02/ATFM_ASM BASIC TRAINING LEVEL PPT 27
…COFFEE BREAK…Richard Branson, Virgin Air Group founder;dressed as Air Asia flight attendant upon losing a F1 bet with Tony Fernandes, Air Asia Group CEO,in 2013
ENHD/02/ATFM_ASM BASIC TRAINING LEVEL PPT 28
1. What is ATFM?
2. Traffic Demand and Resource Capacity
3. Collaborative Decision Making (CDM) Process
4. ATFM Phases and Measures (+ Group Exercise)
5. ATFM Technical Support
6. What is ASM
7. Flexible Use of Airspace (FUA) Concept
8. Restricted Areas and Conditional Routes
9. AEROTHAI and Global and Regional ATFM
10. AEROTHAI and Civil-Military Cooperation
Outline
Part 1 - ATFM
Part 2 - ASM
Part 3 – Projects
ENHD/02/ATFM_ASM BASIC TRAINING LEVEL PPT 29
(Back to) Water Taps and Containers
What is ASM?
Credit: ICAO APAC RSO ATFM Workshop 2014
Change to a Large Container HOW?
ENHD/02/ATFM_ASM BASIC TRAINING LEVEL PPT 30
ASM = Effectively manage the available airspace to meet the needs of ALL users
Airspace Management (ASM) Concept
What is ASM
Key Principles:• Flexibly managed• Provide optimum flight trajectories• Minimize impact of segregated airspace• Minimize constraints on operations• Predictable as far as possible
Bangkok FIR, with 49.4% designated PDR AreasENHD/02/ATFM_ASM BASIC TRAINING LEVEL PPT 31
The Concept:
Enabling airspace to be accessed
flexibly by both civil and military
Users
(Rather than having purely-military
or purely-civil airspace)
Key Enablers:• Effective communication, cooperation, coordination
• Policy-level support national Cil/Mil coordination body
• Joint airspace planning process
• Adaptive and flexible airspace concept
Flexible Use of Airspace (FUA)
ENHD/02/ATFM_ASM BASIC TRAINING LEVEL PPT 32
Planning Level
Flexible Use of Airspace (FUA)
Strategic ASM
• Establishment of airspace structures
• Development of coordination procedures
• Development of separation standards between CIV and MIL flights
Pre-Tactical ASM
• Establishment of joint CIV-MIL cell to perform airspace allocation
Tactical ASM
• Coordination between civil ATS units and military control units
• Sharing of information and airspace data
• Activation and deactivation of restricted areas and conditional routes
ENHD/02/ATFM_ASM BASIC TRAINING LEVEL PPT 33
Conditional Route Type 1 (CDR 1)
• Published as route in AIP• Permanently plannable during specified
time periods
Example: Y6
Restricted Areas and Conditional Routes
ENHD/02/ATFM_ASM BASIC TRAINING LEVEL PPT 34
Conditional Route Type 2 (CDR 2)
• Not published in AIP, but activated byNOTAM on a day-to-day basis
• Plannable when specified by NOTAM
Example: Y5
Restricted Areas and Conditional Routes
ENHD/02/ATFM_ASM BASIC TRAINING LEVEL PPT 35
Conditional Route Type 3 (CDR 3)
• Not published; not plannable
• Available through coordination with ATC when airspace is available
Restricted Areas and Conditional Routes
ENHD/02/ATFM_ASM BASIC TRAINING LEVEL PPT 36
1. What is ATFM?
2. Traffic Demand and Resource Capacity
3. Collaborative Decision Making (CDM) Process
4. ATFM Phases and Measures (+ Group Exercise)
5. ATFM Technical Support
6. What is ASM
7. Flexible Use of Airspace (FUA) Concept
8. Restricted Areas and Conditional Routes
9. AEROTHAI and Global and Regional ATFM
10. AEROTHAI and Civil-Military Cooperation
Outline
Part 1 - ATFM
Part 2 - ASM
Part 3 – Projects
ENHD/02/ATFM_ASM BASIC TRAINING LEVEL PPT 37
Bay of Bengal Cooperative ATFM System
(BOBCAT)Background:
• Airports in Europe have nighttime curfews
• Flights from South and Southeast Asia tend to fly overnight, aiming to land in Europe in the early mornings
• Majority of traffic converge at
Kabul FIR (gateway to EUR)
Problem:
• Kabul FIR = war zone with limited
infrastructure to support flights
AEROTHAI and Global/Regional ATFM
ENHD/02/ATFM_ASM BASIC TRAINING LEVEL PPT 38
Bay of Bengal Cooperative ATFM System
(BOBCAT)Challenge:
• Smooth the traffic flow through
the limited routes and flight levels
available in the Kabul FIR
AEROTHAI and Global/Regional ATFM
ENHD/02/ATFM_ASM BASIC TRAINING LEVEL PPT 39
Bay of Bengal Cooperative ATFM System
(BOBCAT)Solution:
The Bay of Bengal Cooperative ATFM System
(BOBCAT)
• Allocate “slots” for entry into
Kabul FIR to flights based on
their requests
• Slots:– CTOT from departure airports
– Designated route through Kabul FIR
and associated entry waypoint
– CTO at entry waypoint
– Allocated FL through Kabul FIR
AEROTHAI and Global/Regional ATFM
ENHD/02/ATFM_ASM BASIC TRAINING LEVEL PPT 40
Distributed Multi-Nodal ATFM Network
Operational Trial ProjectBackground:
• Asia-Pacific = fastest growing aviation hub
• Region defined by collection of small FIRs
• Varying level of domestic ATFM maturity
• No cross-border ATFM in place, though most flights are international
Problem:
• Asia-Pacific needs cross-border ATFM operations to balance the growing traffic demand against resource capacities available
AEROTHAI and Global/Regional ATFM
ENHD/02/ATFM_ASM BASIC TRAINING LEVEL PPT 41
Distributed Multi-Nodal ATFM Network
Operational Trial ProjectChallenge:
• Develop a viable cross-border ATFM/CDM concept
that can regulate flights into constrained resources
without the need of central ATFM unit
Solution:
Distributed Multi-Nodal ATFM Network Concept
• Independent “virtual” ATFM nodes supported by information sharing framework
AEROTHAI and Global/Regional ATFM
Regional ATFM
System
Flow Management Position (FMP)
Departure ATC Tower
Arrival ATC Approach / Tower
Airport OperatorFlight Operations Centre
(FOC)
En-route ATC
A-CDM
Pilot
ENHD/02/ATFM_ASM BASIC TRAINING LEVEL PPT 42
Distributed Multi-Nodal ATFM Network
Operational Trial ProjectProject Phases:
• Phase 1 – ATFM to support constrained arrival airports
• Phase 2 – ATFM to support constrained airspace
:
• Phase X – Globally-interconnected ATFM network
Project Members:
• China, Hong Kong, Singapore, Thailand
• Indonesia, Malaysia
• Cambodia, Lao PDR, Philippines, Vietnam
AEROTHAI and Global/Regional ATFM
ENHD/02/ATFM_ASM BASIC TRAINING LEVEL PPT 43
Thailand Civil-Military ATM
Coordination (Thai-CMAC)Background
• Nearly 50% of Bangkok FIR designated
as military airspace (PDR areas)
• Some ongoing efforts in introducing
FUA concept into the airspace, e.g.
the establishment of Y5, Y6 routes
Problem:
• Timely and effective coordination
between civil and military ATS units
remains difficult
AEROTHAI and CIV/MIL Cooperation
ENHD/02/ATFM_ASM BASIC TRAINING LEVEL PPT 44
Thailand Civil-Military ATM
Coordination (Thai-CMAC)Challenge
• AEROTHAI and RTAF needs a more
efficient means of coordinating and
propagating information on the use
of restricted airspace (e.g. AUP)
• Information should be easily accessible
all aviation stakeholders
Solution:
Thai-CMAC System
• Web-based collaborative airspace management system
AEROTHAI and CIV/MIL Cooperation
ENHD/02/ATFM_ASM BASIC TRAINING LEVEL PPT 45
ATFM References…• ICAO Doc 9971 – Manual on Collaborative ATFM
• Asia-Pacific Regional Framework for Collaborative ATFM
• CANSO Best Practice Guide on ATFM Implementation (in progress)
ASM References…
• ICAO Circular 330 (AN/189) – Civil / Military Cooperation in Air Traffic Management
• Manual on Flexible Use of Airspace by Airport Authority of India (AAI)
Further References
ENHD/02/ATFM_ASM BASIC TRAINING LEVEL PPT 46
…THANK YOU…
ENHD/02/ATFM_ASM BASIC TRAINING LEVEL PPT 47