Assignment 3
Class x
Subject-English
Book-First Flight
ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom
- By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela
Long Walk to Freedom Introduction
This chapter is an extract from the autobiography of Nelson Mandela (born- 18 July 1918) the first Black President of South Africa Excerpts from ldquoLong Walk to Freedomrdquo include description of the inauguration ceremony citations from his speech his journey to being a freedom fighter the struggle along with a tribute to other freedom fighters and countless other people who fought for their freedom In South Africa a brutal practice named ldquoapartheidrdquo was followed Apartheid refers to the discrimination between people on the basis of their race It was one of the most brutal societies where dark-skinned people were deprived of their basic rights This lesson gives us an overview as to how Nelson Mandela along with others carved their way to a society where there will be no discrimination on the basis of their colour caste race age or gender
Long Walk to Freedom (Summary)
This chapter is an extract from the autobiography of Nelson Mandela (born- 18 July 1918) the first Black President of South Africa It begins with the description of their inaugural ceremony which took place on the 10th of May 1994 where the entire nation along with many international leaders embraced the victory of a newly and fairly elected government It involved speeches by the President and the two Deputy Presidents followed by an impressive air show of fighter jets and helicopters Long ago in the first decade of the twentieth century white supremacy introduced the system of apartheid and made life a living hell for the dark-skinned population It gave rise to one of the most inhumane societies of the world Many people have struggled and sacrificed for basic human rights The
author expressed his desire to thank all those freedom fighters who couldn‟t live to see this autumn day He referred to the citizens as the greatest asset of the country It is these people he gathered his courage from Mandela believes that courageous is not the man who is fearless but the man who has overcome fear He also mentioned the two responsibilities every human has and how in order to fulfil his obligation towards the society his obligation towards his family was neglected He became a man of people when he realised that the idea of freedom was an illusion for him and people like him It was then he joined the African National Congress and fought for his rights till he became the first black President of the nation According to him the oppressor is as much a prisoner as the oppressed As soon as the former robs the oppressed of their freedom he himself gets robbed of his humanity Thus the oppressor too is not free
Answer the following questions in 30-40 words
Q1 At the beginning of his speech Mandela mentions ldquoan extraordinary human disasterrdquo What does he mean by this What is the ldquoglorious hellip human achievementrdquo he speaks of at the end
Q2 What does Mandela thank the international leaders for
Q3 What ideals does he set out for the future of South Africa
Q4 Why were two national anthems sung
Q5 What does courage mean to Mandela
Q6 What ldquotwin obligationsrdquo does Mandela mention
Q7 What did being free mean to Mandela as a boy and as a student How does he contrast these ldquotransitory freedomsrdquo with ldquothe basic and honourable freedomsrdquo
Q8 How did Mandela‟s bdquohunger for freedom‟ change his life
Answer the following question in 150 words
Would you agree that the ldquodepths of oppressionrdquo create ldquoheights of characterrdquo How does Mandela illustrate this
(Footprints without Feet) Chapter 2 - The Thief‟s Story
By- Ruskin Bond
Introduction to the lesson
A young boy makes friends with Anil Anil trusts him completely and employs him Does the boy betray his trust
The story is about a 15-year-old thief who changes his name every month to stay ahead of the police and old employers This time he kept his name Hari Singh The other person in the story is a 25 year old writer named Anil The thief meets Anil and asks him if he can work for him The story unfolds on how the thief betrays Anil by committing a theft but retracts later on
The Thief‟s Story Summary
The story is about two different people One is a thief of 15 years of age and the other is a man of approximately 25 years watching a wrestling match somewhere The name of the person watching the match is Anil The thief approaches Anil and starts talking to him because he feels that he had not robbed anyone in the past few days and thought that it would be easy to rob a simple person like Anil They both start talking and Anil asks the thief his name The thief introduces himself as Hari Singh This is not his real name as he changes his name every month to escape his ex employers or police Then they started talking about the wrestlers and Anil was leaving when Hari called him again and asked him if he could work for Anil Anil said that he wont be able to pay him but could feed him if he knew how to cook Hari lied that he knew how to cook Anil took Hari to his room which was above a sweet shop Hari cooked a meal which was really bad because Anil did not eat it Anil asked Hari to leave but he tried to please Anil Hari smiled in his most attractive way and Anil could not stop laughing looking at him Anil agreed to teach Hari how to cook write full sentences and add numbers Hari was grateful as he knew that there would be no limit to robbing people once he learnt how to read and write The narrator used to like working for Anil as he used to make him tea in the morning and then go out to buy the groceries for the day He also used to steal 1 rupee from the money that was given to him to buy the groceries everyday Anil knew that he used to steal but did not mind Anil used to make money by irregular works Sometimes he used to borrow money and the other day when he had money he would be lending it to other people Whenever he used to get money he would go out with his friends to celebrate One day Anil came in with a bundle of notes and told Hari that he had sold a book to a publisher At night he kept the money safely under the mattress of his bed Hari realized that he had been working for Anil for more than a month and had not stolen anything apart from the 1 rupee that he kept everyday from the
grocery money Hari had many chances to steal as he had the key to the room as well But he was surprised with the amount of trust Anil had on him as he had never seen such a trusting person in his life This trust thing was preventing him from robbing Anil as Hari thought that robbing a careless person like Anil didnt make much difference because he might not even notice that he had been robbed and that took out all the fun from the work Then he thought of stealing Anil‟s money and justified himself that if he didnt steal money from Anil then also he would waste it on his friends and also Anil didnt pay him for the work that he did Hari then woke up at night and quietly crawled to Anil‟s bed He steals the money and decides to leave the city by Lucknow Express that departed at 1030 When he reached the station the train had slowly started moving from the platform He could have easily caught the train but he hesitated and he himself did not know the reason for it Before he had reached the station he counted the money and it was 600 rupees in 50 rupee notes He could live a lavish life for 2 - 3 weeks with so much money After the train had left Hari was all alone at the train station He was left with no place to sleep at night The only person he knew was Anil and he had looted him as well He sat on a bench in a park and as it started to rain he sat down under the clock tower Then he realized that the notes had got wet He realized that learning how to read and write would help him to get a much more respectable and honest job which would pay him much more than these few hundred rupees Then he decided to go back to Anil‟s house He reached the room and placed the money back Next morning he woke up a bit late and Anil had already made his tea Aniul gave a 50 rupee note to Hari as he had got paid for some work and he would be paid regularly Hari took the note in his hand and realized that the note was still wet from the rain last night Hari realized that Anil had come to know about his misdeed but there was no sadness anger or guilt in his mind The narrator smiled in a beautiful way and it was genuine happiness as he knew that he had saved himself from the wrong road
Answer the following questions in 30-40 words
Q1 What are Hari Singh‟s reactions to the prospect of receiving an education Do they change over time
Q2 Why does not Anil hand the thief over to the police Do you think most people would have done so In what ways is Anil different from such employers
Q3 How does the thief think Anil will react to the theft
Q4 What does he say about the different reactions of people when they are robbed
Q5 Does Anil realise that he has been robbed
Answer the following question in 150 words
Q1 Anil plays a major role in the transformation of Hari Singh Comment on the statement by
highlighting the values possessed by Anil which touched Harirsquos heart and made him return to his
honest ways of earning his livelihood
Q2 rdquoBut to be a really big man a clever and respected man was something elserdquo Hari finally
accepted the importance of education and honest living What do you think about the role of
education in changing people like Hari Comment on it by highlighting the values one imbibes
through education
Letter writing Enquiry letter
An Enquiry letter is a formal letter written to enquire and get details regarding something that a person is interested in It could be written with respect to an item that a person is interested in buying a course that a person wants to study a vacation trip that a person wants to go on etc
Format of Enquiry letter
1 Sender‟s address Include email and phone number if required
2 Date Below address
3 Receiver‟s address
4 Subject of the letter
5 Salutation (Sir respected sir madam) 6 Body Paragraph 1 Introduce yourself and the purpose of writing the letter Paragraph 2 Detail of the enquiry Paragraph 3 Conclude end
7 Complimentary Closing 8 Sender‟s name signature and designation (if any)
Sample questions and answers
Q You are Hardeepak Singh a brilliant student who has completed his class X from a small
town in Himachal Pradesh where not many facilities are available You friend has shown you an
advertisement about a coaching centre for IIT-JEE Write a letter to the Director of Surya
Coaching Centre asking for more details
Ans
4 Duffdunbar
Manali
5th April 2015
The Director
Surya Coaching Classes
Sarabha Nagar
Chandigarh
Sub Enquiry about IIT-JEE Coaching classes
Dear Sir
This is with reference to your advertisement in the lsquoIndian Expressrsquo for IIT-JEE coaching
classes I have appeared for my class X examination from the CBSE and am awaiting my result
I am keen on joining your institute for the coaching classes Kindly furnish the following details
(i) Duration of the Course (ii) Timings and fee structure (iii) Eligibility criteria for the course (iv) No of students in a batch (v) Facility of evening or part time batches
(vi) Facility for transport (vii) Future prospect of the course
Let me know about the procedure of applying for the screening test and also the date of the test I
would also like to know the frequency of classes per week Information about the study materials
is also welcome along with a copy of the prospectus
I have heard that yours is a reputed institute and I would like to enroll as soon as possible Your
early response will enable me to decide fast
Thanking you
Yours sincerely
Hardeepak Singh
Q2 You want to visit Udaipur and two other cities of Rajasthan during the next summer
vacations Write a letter to the Director Rajasthan Tourism Jaipur enquiring about at least four
things that you consider important before you plan your visit You are Venkatesh Iyer living at 3
Anna Nagar Nambaccum Chennai
Ans Anna Nagar
Nambaccum
Chennai
March 5 2020
The Director
Rajasthan Tourism
Jaipur
Subject About Tourist Destination
Sir
We a party of about 20 students from Chennai have a plan to visit Rajasthan during the coming
summer vacation Since it will be our frst visit to North India we are a bit shaky Would you
please supply the following information at the earliest to enable us to finalize our tour
programme in time
Are the tourist secure from highwaymen the terrorist and the police highhandedness in
your state
Which places are worth-visiting
Does your department organize tours
Shall we get accommodation for a night halt at Rest Houses
What is the guarantee that we shall not be fleeced
An early reply is solicited
Yours sincerely
Venkatesh Iyer
Practice Questions
Q1 You intend to join coaching classes at International Coaching Center situated in Raipur The institute
specializes in teaching science to classes XI ndash XII Write a letter of inquiry in 100-120 words addressed to
the Administrator incharge of the institute seeking clarification about the timings duration staff
transport and other necessary details for joining the institute You are RajeshRajni 2 Library Road
Jabalpur
Q2 You are Secretary Students Council of ABC School Delhi You are organizing an excursion to Manali
Write a letter to the Director Tourism Department Manali asking to supply the information on the
terms and conditions of conducting excursion
Grammar section
Q1Read the conversation given below and complete the following paragraph
Reena I called you yesterday Where were you Arya I went to visit my grandmother Why did you call Reena I called to tell you that our results will be out next week Arya Are you sure Reena I saw the news in yesterdayrsquos newspaper
Reena told Arya that (a) and asked her where she had been Arya told her that (b)
grandmother and enquired (c)helliphelliphelliphellip Reena told her that she (d)
results would be out next week When Arya asked (e)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipReena told her (f) newspaper
Q2Read the following paragraph and edit it There is an error in each line Write the incorrect word and the correction against each blank in your answer sheet One has been done for you
Error correction
Educationist today are overwhelmingly ie a) Educationist Educationists
concern about the future of the youngsters b)helliphellip helliphelliphellip
The common complaint is students doesnrsquot c)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip
study they are not interested Some blames d)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip
exposure to the media others feel that the
present generation are not serious enough e)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip
The CBSE expresses this concern of f)helliphellip helliphelliphellip
reviewing the syllabus for time to time The g)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip
idea is to build a complete personality of an individual h)helliphellip helliphellip
ASSIGNMENT3 CLASS10 SUBJECTHINDI
ग गोवद सह पलक कल
बोकारो इपात नगर जनवत 5ब
वषय हद
का दसव
स 2020 -2021
पापतक कतका (भाग 2)
पाठ माता का अचल
लखक शवपजन सहाय
पाठ का साराश
तत पाठ म लखक शवपजन सहाय पाठक को यह बताना चाहत ह क सभी पता अपन बच स बहद यार करत ह उहसरा दान करत ह और उनक पालन पोषण हत धन कमान क लए कड़ी महनत करत ह लकन फर भी यार पता मा काथान कभी नह ल पात
बच अपन आपको कवल मा क गोद म ही सरत समझत ह यहा लखक इसी प को उजागर कर रह ह इस पाठ मलखक न यह बताया ह क वह बचपन स ही पता स ऐस जड़ गए थ क रात को सोना खाना खाना नहाना पजा-पाठ सबकछ वह पता क सग ही कया करत थ
लखक क चौड़ ललाट पर चमकत पड को दखकर उसक पता उस भोलाराम कह कर पकारत थ जबक लखक कावातवक नाम तारकर था कहत ह क रामायण पाठ करत समय जब वह दपण म अपना मख नहारत तो उस बड़ी शममहसस होती थी लखक का पता रोज रामायण का पाठ करत और 500 बार राम नाम लखत छोट-छोट कागज को आटक गोलय म लपटकर मछलय को खलात थ उस व भी अपन पता क कध पर सवार रहत रहत थ घर वापस आतसमय उसक पता उस पड़ पर बठाकर झला झलाया करत थ ऐस कई उदाहरण यहा पर लखक न दए ह जब कस कारलखक क पता उह खाना खलात परत लखक क मा को सतोष नह होता और वह कहती ह क बड़-बड़ कौर खलाओतभी इसक पट भरग इस पर पाठ म गाव म बच कस कार हसी ठठोली म अपन बचपन को गजारत ह कस कार वहतरह तरह क खल खलत ह इन सब का वणन ह
चबतर क कोन को नाटक घर चौक को रगमच कभी कान बनाकर कभी म क ढल पथर क टकड़ स लड पस औरबताश क खोमच बनात यह सार खल बच खलत ह बच मठाई क कान बढ़ा कर घरदा बनान लगत फर भी जवनारबनात तथा खद भी जमन बठ जात थ लखक अपन बचपन क खल क बार म बतात ए कहत ह क कभी-कभी वकनतर का बाजा अमोली क शहनाई और टट चह दानी क पालक बनाकर बराती बन जात लखक वय ही समधी बनकरबकर पर चढ़ जात बारात चबतर क कोन स सर कोन पर सज ए मडप तक जाती और फर वापस लौट आती इस कारक कई खल का वणन ह जहा पर गाव क बड़ बजग को चढ़ात तरह-तरह क गान गाकर
लखक अपन बचपन क एकऔर घटना का ज करत ए कहत ह क जब वह सब चह क बल म पानी डाल रह थ तभीउस बल स साप नकल आता ह और उस दखकर सभी दौड़न लगत ह गरत पड़त ललहान होत एक सर म रोत अपन-अपन घर म घस जात ह उनक पता बाहर उतार म बठकर का पी रह होत ह पर लखक उह अनसना कर मा क पास दौड़
जात ह और मा क आचल म मह छपा कर रोन लगत ह उह डरा आ दखकर उनक मा उह ढाढस बधाती ह उह सरादती ह और मा क म और सरा और शात क छाया लखक क मन को शात करती ह अथात लखक डर क मार मा कगोद म ही चपका रहता ह और यहा लखक यह बताना चाहत ह क जब जीवन म भयानक वप जीवन म डर भयमहसस होता ह तो को मा का आचल ही याद आती ह और मा क आचल जसी सरा और शात उस जीवन म नयाम कह नह मलती
ननलखत मयपरक क उर द (80 स 100 शद क बीच म)
१ भोलानाथ और उसक साथय क खल और खलन क सामी और आपक खल और खलन क सामी स कसकार भ ह प कर
२ पाठ म आए ऐस सग का वणन कजए जो आपक दल को छ गए
३ इस उपयास म ामीण सकत का चण ह ामीण सकत और शहरी सकत म आपको या अतर दखाईदता ह
४ माता का अचल शीषक क साथकता स कर
५ इस पाठ म माता पता का बच क त वासयका वणन आ ह उस अपन शद म लख
६ पाठ म योग कए गए आचलक शद क सची बनाए
७ पाठ म य कए गए आचलक तकबद जसका योग लखकऔर उनक म कया करत थ उनक सची बनाए
८ तत पाठ क आधार पर यह कहा जा सकता ह क बच अपन पता स अधक जड़ाव रखत ह फर भी वपदा कसमय पता क पास न जाकर मा क शरण लत ह आपक समझ स इसक या वजह होती ह हो सकती ह प कर
नोट
पाठ क साराश को लखन क आवयकता नह ह
सफ क उर कर इस काय को एक अलग कॉपी म कर
ाकरण पद परचय ( मशः)
१ या
परभाषा या व शद ह जनस कसी काय क होन या कए जान कसी घटना या या क घटत होन या कसी या वत क अवथा या थत का बोध होता ह
या क भद कम क आधार पर
या क दो भद होत ह
अकमक या
परभाषा वाय म जो या कम क अपा नह रखती वह अकमक या कहलाती ह
सकमक या
परभाषा वह या जो वाय म कम क अपा रखती ह अथात जनक योग म कम क आवयकता होती ह वहसकमक कया कह जाती ह
२ या वशषण
परभाषा जो या क वशषता बतात ह उह यावशषण कहत ह
या वशषण क चार भद ह
(क) रीतवाचक या वशषण
परभाषा जन या वशषण म या क घटत होन क वध का पता चलता ह रीतवाचक वशषण कहलात ह या आसानशद म कह क या कस घटत हो रही ह
(ख)थान वाचक या वशषण
परभाषा या क घटत होन क थान क वषय म बोध करान वाल या वशषण शद को थान वाचक या वशषणकहत ह या यह कह क या कहा घटत हो रही ह
(ग)काल वाचक या वशषण
परभाषा या क घटत होन क समय स सबध रखत ह वह काल वाचक या वशषण कहलात ह या यह कह क याकब घटत हो रही ह
(घ) परमाणवाचक या वशषण
परभाषा या वशषण क परमाण या माा स सबधत वशषता का पता चलता ह अथवा या कतनी याा घटत होरही ह उस परमाणवाचक वशषण कहत ह
३ सबधबोधक
सबधबोधक अय अवकारी शद ह जो सा या सवनाम क बाद य होकर वाय क अय सा या सवनाम शद कसाथ सबध का बोध करात ह
जस १ बच पताजी क साथ म ल गए ह
-------------------
२ मन घर क सामन कछ पड़ लगाए ह
--------------
३ पाक क चार ओर लोग इक हो गए ह
-------------------------
४ वह घर क भीतर घसा बठा ह
-----------------------
४ समचयबोधक
दो शद दो बध योजक वाय को जोड़न का काय करत ह
ऐस योजक शद को समचयबोधक कहा जाता ह
जस और तथा एव लकन मगर कतपरत इसलए इस कारण अतः य क ताक या अथवा चाह
५ वमयादबोधक
परभाषा वमयादबोधक शद व शद ह जो आय हष घणा ख पीड़ा आद मनोभाव का बोध करात ह
जस अर ओ हाय वाह शाबाश राम-राम तौबा तौबा ह राम इयाद (व सभी शद जो क साथ य होत ह)
६ नपात
परभाषा कछ अय शद वाय म कसी शद या पद क आग लगकर उसक अथ म वशष कार का बल दत ह
इह नपात कहत ह
जस ही आपको ही करना होगा यह काम
भी हम भी बाजार जाएग
तो वह तो जाएगा ही साथ म तम भी जाओग
तक वह मझस मलन तक नह आया
मा महनत मा स कछ नह होता ब क भी आवयकता होती ह
भर म उस जानता भर
ननलखत शद क पद परचय द
१ आजकल हमारा दश गत क माग पर बढ़ रहा ह
आजकल
हमारा
दश
बढ़ रहा ह
२ तम अनज क चाचा को चाय पलाओ
तम
अनज क
चाचा को
पलाओ
३हम तम तो इतना भी नह जानत क कटब का पालन कस कया जाता ह
हम
भी
नह
कटब
४ वालय जाकर तम कछ तो पढ़ोग
वालय
जाकर
कछ
पढ़ोग
५ रीना अपन पताजी क साथ दली गई और वहा उसन कतब मीनार दखा
मीना
क साथ
दली
पताजी
क़ तब मीनार
नोट ऊपर लख ए ाया को कॉपी म लखन क आवयकता नह ह
नीच दए गए अयास को मवार तरीक स कर
ाकरणऔर कतका क काय एक ही कॉपी म कर
कॉपी को दो भाग म बाट दपहल भाग म ाकरण और सर भाग म कतका क उर लख
₹₹
प लखन
औपचारक प का ाप
वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए दली परवहन नगम क महाबधक को प लख (ाप उदाहरण वप )
परीा भवन
नई दली
दनाक ३००४२०२० या 30 अल 2020
महाबधक
दली परवहन नगम
इथ टट
नई दली
वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए नवदन
महोदय
वन नवदन ह क यमना पार म सोसाइट इस समय हजार लोग स भरी ह तजी स इस का वकास आ ह औरलोग न यहा बसना श कर दया ह उतनी तजी स परवहन क वथा न हो पान क कारण क नवासय को मीलपदल चलकर मदर डरी क पास पाडव नगर क सामन स बस लनी पड़ती ह कछ बस जो मयर वहार स चलत ह उह पकड़नक लए भी र चलना पड़ता ह ऐस म छोट-छोट बच महलाऔर बजग को भारी असवधा का सामना करना पड़ता हआपस वन नवदन ह क आप हमार हमार स नह बस सवा आरभ कर ताक यहा क वाथय छोट बच महलाअभभावक एव कायालय जान वाल को असवधा ना हो
भवदय
कखग
ननलखत वषय पर प लख
१ चनाव क दन म कायकता घर वालय आद पर चनावी पोटर लगा जात ह इसस लोग को होन वाली असवधा परवचार करत ए कसी दनक समाचार प क सपादक को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म प लख
२ अपन म पड़ पौध क अनयत कटाई को रोकन क लए जला अधकारी को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म एक पलख
३ आपक म आए दन चोरया हो रही ह प ारा पलस कमर को इसक शकायत करत ए गत बढ़ान का अनरोधकरत ए 80 स 100 100 स शद म प लख
४ चक बक खो जान क सचना दत ए अपन बक क बधक को 80 स 100 शद म प लख
नोट सार प ऊपर दए ए ाप क अनप ही लख
इस काय को मवार ढग स ाकरण क कॉपी म कर
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Assignment - 3 Subject - Physics Class 10 Notes Chapter - Human Eye And The Colourful World Topic - Human Eye- Introduction Diagram of human eye
Name of
the part
Characteristic Function
Cornea Transparent spherical membrane
covering the front part of the eye
Light enters the eye through this
membrane Most of the refraction
happens here
Eye lens transparent biconvex structure in
the eye
provides finer adjustment
required to focus objects on the
retina
Iris Dark muscular diaphragm between
the cornea and the lens
controls the size of the pupil
Pupil An opening between the iris through
which light enters the eye
regulates the amount of light
entering the eye
Ciliary
Muscle
Attached to the eye lens hold the lens in position and
modify the curvature of the lens
and accommodate the focal
length
Retina light-sensitive surface of an eye
Which act as screen on which the
image is formed
generate signals which are
transmitted to the brain through
optical nerves
Optic
nerve
Attached to retina transmits visual information from
the retina to the brain
Power of Accommodation
The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called accommodation This is done by changing the curvature of the eye lens
The minimum distance at which objects can be seen most distinctly without strain is called near point of the eye It is 25 cm for a normal human eye
The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly is called the far point of the eye It is infinity for a normal eye
Various Defects of vision and their correction
1 Myopia or short sightedness 2 Hypermetropia or long sightedness 3 Presbiopia
Myopia Myopia It is also known as nearsightedness A person with myopia can see nearby objects
clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctly Itrsquos far point is nearer than infinity Image is formed before the retina in a myopic eye
Cause of Myopia - 1 excessive curvature of of the eye lens or 2 Elongation of the eye ball Correction- It can be corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power Here are the ray
diagrams for a myopic eye and its correction ndash
Assignment 3 1 What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye 2 Why ist the normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm 3 Write the function of a)iris b)ciliary muscle c) retina 4 What is the far piont and near point of the human eye with normal vision 5 The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem 6 What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye 7 A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row What could be the defect the child is suffering from How can it be corrected 8 What is myopia What are its causes and how it can be corrected Also show diagrams of defective eye and corrected eye 9 Name the light sensitive cells and write its function 10 What is the diameter of our eye
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Metals and Non-metals
Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as
differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements
can be classified into 3 groups -
Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth
Elements
Metals (they loose
electrons and
form positive ions)
Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg
Au
Metalloids
(show both
characteristics ndash
metallic as well as non-
metallic)
Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te
Non-metals (they
gain electrons and
form negative
ions)
Eg-C O Cl N H
He
Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals
Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table
bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)
bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)
Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions
(H+)
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical
Properties -
Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)
Most of the metals are malleable
They are non-malleable but brittle
Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)
Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)
They are non-ductile
Heat and electrical conductivity
Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity
Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity
Lustre (shiny appearance)
Metals are lustrous and can be polished
Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull
Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife
Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)
Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)
Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature
Melting point and Boiling point
Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)
Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)
Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo
Non-metals have low density (they are light)
Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)
Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous
Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)
Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless
Now you are in a state to answer the following -
Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical
Properties -
Chemical Properties
Metals Non-Metals
Reaction with oxygen (of air)
When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal
I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)
II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of
Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)
VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]
Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides
I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2
(g) [acidic]
How to know CO2 is acidic
CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)
VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)
Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all
bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature
bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature
Hence CO2 is acidic in nature
II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]
III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]
Reaction with water
Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas
I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]
II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)
III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)
VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all
Reaction with dilute acids
Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids
2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all
Reaction with salt solutions
A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)
A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution
Reaction with chlorine
Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds
bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]
bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]
bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)
bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)
Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)
Reaction with hydrogen
Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)
Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)
bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because
HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to
water
Now answer the following questions -
Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire
Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs
Uses of Metals -
bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current
bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and
factory equipment
bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels
bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries
Uses of Non-Metals -
bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee
bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for
making fertilizers
bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles
bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells
and dry cells
Answer the Following Questions -
1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This
compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be
a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron
2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch
a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals
b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-
metals
3)
a) What are amphoteric oxides
b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides
4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which
will not
5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen
6) Give reasons for the following
a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery
b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil
c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking
7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties
8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of
iron)
Answer the following Assertion based question
Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -
1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides
2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong
oxidizing agent
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Control and Coordination
All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the
environment around them
The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called
stimuli (singular is stimulus)
The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell
taste touch pressure force of gravity etc
The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of
their body part
Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub
Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil
(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves
So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms
The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system
and endocrine system involving hormones
But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous
system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli
Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic
manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination
ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM
The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)
takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system
Figure 3 Structure of Neuron
Human Nervous
System Neuron
Basic Unit
Types
Sensory Neuron
(Transmits
impulses from
sense organs (ear
skin etc) to
Central Nervous
System (CNS)
Motor Neuron (carries
impulses from brain and
spinal cord to effector
organs)
Relay Neuron
(occur in CNS
where they
serve as link
between other
neurons)
How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another
in the nervous system -
bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in
touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron
bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces
an electrical impulse in it
bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then
along to itrsquos axon
bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of
chemical substance into the synapse (gap)
bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the
dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on
Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a
particular set of neurons)
Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)
Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -
bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action
is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we
immediately remove our hand away from it
Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)
bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc
Figure 6 Reflex Arc
Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)
Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action
The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -
1 Human Brain -
Figure 9 Human brain
Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull
of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium
The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it
The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which
protects the brain from mechanical shocks
The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -
a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the
largest part of the brain
bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors
are present here
bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception
of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)
and muscular activities (frontal lobe)
bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves
b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the
other parts of the brain and spinal cord
bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk
in response to visual and auditory stimuli
c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata
bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body
movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc
bull Pons regulate respiration
bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart
beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as
swallowing coughing etc
2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral
column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord
bull It is also covered by meninges
bull It is the reflex centre of the body
Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions
How does the nervous tissue cause action
The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called
neuro-muscular junction
When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the
muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous
electrical impulses
New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus
bringing about movement in muscles
Figure 11 Neuromuscular function
Answer these MCQs -
1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash
a) Cell body
b) Axonal end
c) Dendritic end
d) Axon
2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -
a) Cell junction
b) Neuro-muscular junction
c) Neural joint
d) Synapse
Answer the following questions -
1) The brain is responsible for -
a) Thinking
b) Regulating the heart beat
c) Balancing the body
d) All of the above
2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors
do not work properly What problems are likely to arise
3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function
4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury
5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism
6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
ASSIGNMENT- 3
HISTORY
Chapter-3 STD10
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
MAIN TOPICS-
The first world war khilafat and non-
cooperation movement
Different stands within the movement
Towards civil disobedience
The sense of collective belonging
IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-
Created new economic and political
situation
Increase in defense expenditure
Increased custom duties and introduction of
income tax
Increased prices of commodities
Forced recruitment of villagers in army
Crop failure shortage of food
Spread of epidemic killing millions of people
IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-
Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea
of Satyagrah and Non-violence
Three experiments of Gandhiji with
Satyagrah
a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against
oppressive plantation system
b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding
relaxation in revenue collection
c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support
of cotton mill workers
ROWLATT ACT (1919) -
Passed by imperial Legislative despite
opposition from Indian members
Government got power to detain political
prisoners for two years without trial
It was intended to curb political activity by
Indians
Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil
disobedience movement starting with hartal
RESULTS -
Massive strike and shutdown of shops and
workshops
Local Amritsar leaders arrested
Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi
Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer
JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-
Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar
gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to
celebrate Baisakhi
General Dyer blocked the only exit and
ordered fire on the gathering that left
hundreds dead
RESULTS-
News of the tragedy spread strikes and
clashes with police began
Government suppressed and humiliated
protestors
Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah
movement
KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT-
Gandhiji intended to unite people especially
Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement
across India
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated
with khilafat committee discussed United
action on khilafat movement along with
Non-cooperation movement
STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-
Surrender of government titles
Boycott of civil services army police courts
Legislative councils and schools
Boycott of foreign goods
Mobilise popular support
DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-
Many within Congress opposed boycott of
council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru
formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress
Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with
compromise and adoption of Non-
cooperation movement
DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-
MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-
bull Middle class participation
bull Schools colleges courts boycotted
boycott of foreign clothes
bull Picketing of liquor shops
bull Harmed colonial economy
SLOWDOWN-
bull Khadi was expensive which poor people
could not afford
bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions
bull Students teachers lawyers joined back
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
author expressed his desire to thank all those freedom fighters who couldn‟t live to see this autumn day He referred to the citizens as the greatest asset of the country It is these people he gathered his courage from Mandela believes that courageous is not the man who is fearless but the man who has overcome fear He also mentioned the two responsibilities every human has and how in order to fulfil his obligation towards the society his obligation towards his family was neglected He became a man of people when he realised that the idea of freedom was an illusion for him and people like him It was then he joined the African National Congress and fought for his rights till he became the first black President of the nation According to him the oppressor is as much a prisoner as the oppressed As soon as the former robs the oppressed of their freedom he himself gets robbed of his humanity Thus the oppressor too is not free
Answer the following questions in 30-40 words
Q1 At the beginning of his speech Mandela mentions ldquoan extraordinary human disasterrdquo What does he mean by this What is the ldquoglorious hellip human achievementrdquo he speaks of at the end
Q2 What does Mandela thank the international leaders for
Q3 What ideals does he set out for the future of South Africa
Q4 Why were two national anthems sung
Q5 What does courage mean to Mandela
Q6 What ldquotwin obligationsrdquo does Mandela mention
Q7 What did being free mean to Mandela as a boy and as a student How does he contrast these ldquotransitory freedomsrdquo with ldquothe basic and honourable freedomsrdquo
Q8 How did Mandela‟s bdquohunger for freedom‟ change his life
Answer the following question in 150 words
Would you agree that the ldquodepths of oppressionrdquo create ldquoheights of characterrdquo How does Mandela illustrate this
(Footprints without Feet) Chapter 2 - The Thief‟s Story
By- Ruskin Bond
Introduction to the lesson
A young boy makes friends with Anil Anil trusts him completely and employs him Does the boy betray his trust
The story is about a 15-year-old thief who changes his name every month to stay ahead of the police and old employers This time he kept his name Hari Singh The other person in the story is a 25 year old writer named Anil The thief meets Anil and asks him if he can work for him The story unfolds on how the thief betrays Anil by committing a theft but retracts later on
The Thief‟s Story Summary
The story is about two different people One is a thief of 15 years of age and the other is a man of approximately 25 years watching a wrestling match somewhere The name of the person watching the match is Anil The thief approaches Anil and starts talking to him because he feels that he had not robbed anyone in the past few days and thought that it would be easy to rob a simple person like Anil They both start talking and Anil asks the thief his name The thief introduces himself as Hari Singh This is not his real name as he changes his name every month to escape his ex employers or police Then they started talking about the wrestlers and Anil was leaving when Hari called him again and asked him if he could work for Anil Anil said that he wont be able to pay him but could feed him if he knew how to cook Hari lied that he knew how to cook Anil took Hari to his room which was above a sweet shop Hari cooked a meal which was really bad because Anil did not eat it Anil asked Hari to leave but he tried to please Anil Hari smiled in his most attractive way and Anil could not stop laughing looking at him Anil agreed to teach Hari how to cook write full sentences and add numbers Hari was grateful as he knew that there would be no limit to robbing people once he learnt how to read and write The narrator used to like working for Anil as he used to make him tea in the morning and then go out to buy the groceries for the day He also used to steal 1 rupee from the money that was given to him to buy the groceries everyday Anil knew that he used to steal but did not mind Anil used to make money by irregular works Sometimes he used to borrow money and the other day when he had money he would be lending it to other people Whenever he used to get money he would go out with his friends to celebrate One day Anil came in with a bundle of notes and told Hari that he had sold a book to a publisher At night he kept the money safely under the mattress of his bed Hari realized that he had been working for Anil for more than a month and had not stolen anything apart from the 1 rupee that he kept everyday from the
grocery money Hari had many chances to steal as he had the key to the room as well But he was surprised with the amount of trust Anil had on him as he had never seen such a trusting person in his life This trust thing was preventing him from robbing Anil as Hari thought that robbing a careless person like Anil didnt make much difference because he might not even notice that he had been robbed and that took out all the fun from the work Then he thought of stealing Anil‟s money and justified himself that if he didnt steal money from Anil then also he would waste it on his friends and also Anil didnt pay him for the work that he did Hari then woke up at night and quietly crawled to Anil‟s bed He steals the money and decides to leave the city by Lucknow Express that departed at 1030 When he reached the station the train had slowly started moving from the platform He could have easily caught the train but he hesitated and he himself did not know the reason for it Before he had reached the station he counted the money and it was 600 rupees in 50 rupee notes He could live a lavish life for 2 - 3 weeks with so much money After the train had left Hari was all alone at the train station He was left with no place to sleep at night The only person he knew was Anil and he had looted him as well He sat on a bench in a park and as it started to rain he sat down under the clock tower Then he realized that the notes had got wet He realized that learning how to read and write would help him to get a much more respectable and honest job which would pay him much more than these few hundred rupees Then he decided to go back to Anil‟s house He reached the room and placed the money back Next morning he woke up a bit late and Anil had already made his tea Aniul gave a 50 rupee note to Hari as he had got paid for some work and he would be paid regularly Hari took the note in his hand and realized that the note was still wet from the rain last night Hari realized that Anil had come to know about his misdeed but there was no sadness anger or guilt in his mind The narrator smiled in a beautiful way and it was genuine happiness as he knew that he had saved himself from the wrong road
Answer the following questions in 30-40 words
Q1 What are Hari Singh‟s reactions to the prospect of receiving an education Do they change over time
Q2 Why does not Anil hand the thief over to the police Do you think most people would have done so In what ways is Anil different from such employers
Q3 How does the thief think Anil will react to the theft
Q4 What does he say about the different reactions of people when they are robbed
Q5 Does Anil realise that he has been robbed
Answer the following question in 150 words
Q1 Anil plays a major role in the transformation of Hari Singh Comment on the statement by
highlighting the values possessed by Anil which touched Harirsquos heart and made him return to his
honest ways of earning his livelihood
Q2 rdquoBut to be a really big man a clever and respected man was something elserdquo Hari finally
accepted the importance of education and honest living What do you think about the role of
education in changing people like Hari Comment on it by highlighting the values one imbibes
through education
Letter writing Enquiry letter
An Enquiry letter is a formal letter written to enquire and get details regarding something that a person is interested in It could be written with respect to an item that a person is interested in buying a course that a person wants to study a vacation trip that a person wants to go on etc
Format of Enquiry letter
1 Sender‟s address Include email and phone number if required
2 Date Below address
3 Receiver‟s address
4 Subject of the letter
5 Salutation (Sir respected sir madam) 6 Body Paragraph 1 Introduce yourself and the purpose of writing the letter Paragraph 2 Detail of the enquiry Paragraph 3 Conclude end
7 Complimentary Closing 8 Sender‟s name signature and designation (if any)
Sample questions and answers
Q You are Hardeepak Singh a brilliant student who has completed his class X from a small
town in Himachal Pradesh where not many facilities are available You friend has shown you an
advertisement about a coaching centre for IIT-JEE Write a letter to the Director of Surya
Coaching Centre asking for more details
Ans
4 Duffdunbar
Manali
5th April 2015
The Director
Surya Coaching Classes
Sarabha Nagar
Chandigarh
Sub Enquiry about IIT-JEE Coaching classes
Dear Sir
This is with reference to your advertisement in the lsquoIndian Expressrsquo for IIT-JEE coaching
classes I have appeared for my class X examination from the CBSE and am awaiting my result
I am keen on joining your institute for the coaching classes Kindly furnish the following details
(i) Duration of the Course (ii) Timings and fee structure (iii) Eligibility criteria for the course (iv) No of students in a batch (v) Facility of evening or part time batches
(vi) Facility for transport (vii) Future prospect of the course
Let me know about the procedure of applying for the screening test and also the date of the test I
would also like to know the frequency of classes per week Information about the study materials
is also welcome along with a copy of the prospectus
I have heard that yours is a reputed institute and I would like to enroll as soon as possible Your
early response will enable me to decide fast
Thanking you
Yours sincerely
Hardeepak Singh
Q2 You want to visit Udaipur and two other cities of Rajasthan during the next summer
vacations Write a letter to the Director Rajasthan Tourism Jaipur enquiring about at least four
things that you consider important before you plan your visit You are Venkatesh Iyer living at 3
Anna Nagar Nambaccum Chennai
Ans Anna Nagar
Nambaccum
Chennai
March 5 2020
The Director
Rajasthan Tourism
Jaipur
Subject About Tourist Destination
Sir
We a party of about 20 students from Chennai have a plan to visit Rajasthan during the coming
summer vacation Since it will be our frst visit to North India we are a bit shaky Would you
please supply the following information at the earliest to enable us to finalize our tour
programme in time
Are the tourist secure from highwaymen the terrorist and the police highhandedness in
your state
Which places are worth-visiting
Does your department organize tours
Shall we get accommodation for a night halt at Rest Houses
What is the guarantee that we shall not be fleeced
An early reply is solicited
Yours sincerely
Venkatesh Iyer
Practice Questions
Q1 You intend to join coaching classes at International Coaching Center situated in Raipur The institute
specializes in teaching science to classes XI ndash XII Write a letter of inquiry in 100-120 words addressed to
the Administrator incharge of the institute seeking clarification about the timings duration staff
transport and other necessary details for joining the institute You are RajeshRajni 2 Library Road
Jabalpur
Q2 You are Secretary Students Council of ABC School Delhi You are organizing an excursion to Manali
Write a letter to the Director Tourism Department Manali asking to supply the information on the
terms and conditions of conducting excursion
Grammar section
Q1Read the conversation given below and complete the following paragraph
Reena I called you yesterday Where were you Arya I went to visit my grandmother Why did you call Reena I called to tell you that our results will be out next week Arya Are you sure Reena I saw the news in yesterdayrsquos newspaper
Reena told Arya that (a) and asked her where she had been Arya told her that (b)
grandmother and enquired (c)helliphelliphelliphellip Reena told her that she (d)
results would be out next week When Arya asked (e)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipReena told her (f) newspaper
Q2Read the following paragraph and edit it There is an error in each line Write the incorrect word and the correction against each blank in your answer sheet One has been done for you
Error correction
Educationist today are overwhelmingly ie a) Educationist Educationists
concern about the future of the youngsters b)helliphellip helliphelliphellip
The common complaint is students doesnrsquot c)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip
study they are not interested Some blames d)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip
exposure to the media others feel that the
present generation are not serious enough e)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip
The CBSE expresses this concern of f)helliphellip helliphelliphellip
reviewing the syllabus for time to time The g)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip
idea is to build a complete personality of an individual h)helliphellip helliphellip
ASSIGNMENT3 CLASS10 SUBJECTHINDI
ग गोवद सह पलक कल
बोकारो इपात नगर जनवत 5ब
वषय हद
का दसव
स 2020 -2021
पापतक कतका (भाग 2)
पाठ माता का अचल
लखक शवपजन सहाय
पाठ का साराश
तत पाठ म लखक शवपजन सहाय पाठक को यह बताना चाहत ह क सभी पता अपन बच स बहद यार करत ह उहसरा दान करत ह और उनक पालन पोषण हत धन कमान क लए कड़ी महनत करत ह लकन फर भी यार पता मा काथान कभी नह ल पात
बच अपन आपको कवल मा क गोद म ही सरत समझत ह यहा लखक इसी प को उजागर कर रह ह इस पाठ मलखक न यह बताया ह क वह बचपन स ही पता स ऐस जड़ गए थ क रात को सोना खाना खाना नहाना पजा-पाठ सबकछ वह पता क सग ही कया करत थ
लखक क चौड़ ललाट पर चमकत पड को दखकर उसक पता उस भोलाराम कह कर पकारत थ जबक लखक कावातवक नाम तारकर था कहत ह क रामायण पाठ करत समय जब वह दपण म अपना मख नहारत तो उस बड़ी शममहसस होती थी लखक का पता रोज रामायण का पाठ करत और 500 बार राम नाम लखत छोट-छोट कागज को आटक गोलय म लपटकर मछलय को खलात थ उस व भी अपन पता क कध पर सवार रहत रहत थ घर वापस आतसमय उसक पता उस पड़ पर बठाकर झला झलाया करत थ ऐस कई उदाहरण यहा पर लखक न दए ह जब कस कारलखक क पता उह खाना खलात परत लखक क मा को सतोष नह होता और वह कहती ह क बड़-बड़ कौर खलाओतभी इसक पट भरग इस पर पाठ म गाव म बच कस कार हसी ठठोली म अपन बचपन को गजारत ह कस कार वहतरह तरह क खल खलत ह इन सब का वणन ह
चबतर क कोन को नाटक घर चौक को रगमच कभी कान बनाकर कभी म क ढल पथर क टकड़ स लड पस औरबताश क खोमच बनात यह सार खल बच खलत ह बच मठाई क कान बढ़ा कर घरदा बनान लगत फर भी जवनारबनात तथा खद भी जमन बठ जात थ लखक अपन बचपन क खल क बार म बतात ए कहत ह क कभी-कभी वकनतर का बाजा अमोली क शहनाई और टट चह दानी क पालक बनाकर बराती बन जात लखक वय ही समधी बनकरबकर पर चढ़ जात बारात चबतर क कोन स सर कोन पर सज ए मडप तक जाती और फर वापस लौट आती इस कारक कई खल का वणन ह जहा पर गाव क बड़ बजग को चढ़ात तरह-तरह क गान गाकर
लखक अपन बचपन क एकऔर घटना का ज करत ए कहत ह क जब वह सब चह क बल म पानी डाल रह थ तभीउस बल स साप नकल आता ह और उस दखकर सभी दौड़न लगत ह गरत पड़त ललहान होत एक सर म रोत अपन-अपन घर म घस जात ह उनक पता बाहर उतार म बठकर का पी रह होत ह पर लखक उह अनसना कर मा क पास दौड़
जात ह और मा क आचल म मह छपा कर रोन लगत ह उह डरा आ दखकर उनक मा उह ढाढस बधाती ह उह सरादती ह और मा क म और सरा और शात क छाया लखक क मन को शात करती ह अथात लखक डर क मार मा कगोद म ही चपका रहता ह और यहा लखक यह बताना चाहत ह क जब जीवन म भयानक वप जीवन म डर भयमहसस होता ह तो को मा का आचल ही याद आती ह और मा क आचल जसी सरा और शात उस जीवन म नयाम कह नह मलती
ननलखत मयपरक क उर द (80 स 100 शद क बीच म)
१ भोलानाथ और उसक साथय क खल और खलन क सामी और आपक खल और खलन क सामी स कसकार भ ह प कर
२ पाठ म आए ऐस सग का वणन कजए जो आपक दल को छ गए
३ इस उपयास म ामीण सकत का चण ह ामीण सकत और शहरी सकत म आपको या अतर दखाईदता ह
४ माता का अचल शीषक क साथकता स कर
५ इस पाठ म माता पता का बच क त वासयका वणन आ ह उस अपन शद म लख
६ पाठ म योग कए गए आचलक शद क सची बनाए
७ पाठ म य कए गए आचलक तकबद जसका योग लखकऔर उनक म कया करत थ उनक सची बनाए
८ तत पाठ क आधार पर यह कहा जा सकता ह क बच अपन पता स अधक जड़ाव रखत ह फर भी वपदा कसमय पता क पास न जाकर मा क शरण लत ह आपक समझ स इसक या वजह होती ह हो सकती ह प कर
नोट
पाठ क साराश को लखन क आवयकता नह ह
सफ क उर कर इस काय को एक अलग कॉपी म कर
ाकरण पद परचय ( मशः)
१ या
परभाषा या व शद ह जनस कसी काय क होन या कए जान कसी घटना या या क घटत होन या कसी या वत क अवथा या थत का बोध होता ह
या क भद कम क आधार पर
या क दो भद होत ह
अकमक या
परभाषा वाय म जो या कम क अपा नह रखती वह अकमक या कहलाती ह
सकमक या
परभाषा वह या जो वाय म कम क अपा रखती ह अथात जनक योग म कम क आवयकता होती ह वहसकमक कया कह जाती ह
२ या वशषण
परभाषा जो या क वशषता बतात ह उह यावशषण कहत ह
या वशषण क चार भद ह
(क) रीतवाचक या वशषण
परभाषा जन या वशषण म या क घटत होन क वध का पता चलता ह रीतवाचक वशषण कहलात ह या आसानशद म कह क या कस घटत हो रही ह
(ख)थान वाचक या वशषण
परभाषा या क घटत होन क थान क वषय म बोध करान वाल या वशषण शद को थान वाचक या वशषणकहत ह या यह कह क या कहा घटत हो रही ह
(ग)काल वाचक या वशषण
परभाषा या क घटत होन क समय स सबध रखत ह वह काल वाचक या वशषण कहलात ह या यह कह क याकब घटत हो रही ह
(घ) परमाणवाचक या वशषण
परभाषा या वशषण क परमाण या माा स सबधत वशषता का पता चलता ह अथवा या कतनी याा घटत होरही ह उस परमाणवाचक वशषण कहत ह
३ सबधबोधक
सबधबोधक अय अवकारी शद ह जो सा या सवनाम क बाद य होकर वाय क अय सा या सवनाम शद कसाथ सबध का बोध करात ह
जस १ बच पताजी क साथ म ल गए ह
-------------------
२ मन घर क सामन कछ पड़ लगाए ह
--------------
३ पाक क चार ओर लोग इक हो गए ह
-------------------------
४ वह घर क भीतर घसा बठा ह
-----------------------
४ समचयबोधक
दो शद दो बध योजक वाय को जोड़न का काय करत ह
ऐस योजक शद को समचयबोधक कहा जाता ह
जस और तथा एव लकन मगर कतपरत इसलए इस कारण अतः य क ताक या अथवा चाह
५ वमयादबोधक
परभाषा वमयादबोधक शद व शद ह जो आय हष घणा ख पीड़ा आद मनोभाव का बोध करात ह
जस अर ओ हाय वाह शाबाश राम-राम तौबा तौबा ह राम इयाद (व सभी शद जो क साथ य होत ह)
६ नपात
परभाषा कछ अय शद वाय म कसी शद या पद क आग लगकर उसक अथ म वशष कार का बल दत ह
इह नपात कहत ह
जस ही आपको ही करना होगा यह काम
भी हम भी बाजार जाएग
तो वह तो जाएगा ही साथ म तम भी जाओग
तक वह मझस मलन तक नह आया
मा महनत मा स कछ नह होता ब क भी आवयकता होती ह
भर म उस जानता भर
ननलखत शद क पद परचय द
१ आजकल हमारा दश गत क माग पर बढ़ रहा ह
आजकल
हमारा
दश
बढ़ रहा ह
२ तम अनज क चाचा को चाय पलाओ
तम
अनज क
चाचा को
पलाओ
३हम तम तो इतना भी नह जानत क कटब का पालन कस कया जाता ह
हम
भी
नह
कटब
४ वालय जाकर तम कछ तो पढ़ोग
वालय
जाकर
कछ
पढ़ोग
५ रीना अपन पताजी क साथ दली गई और वहा उसन कतब मीनार दखा
मीना
क साथ
दली
पताजी
क़ तब मीनार
नोट ऊपर लख ए ाया को कॉपी म लखन क आवयकता नह ह
नीच दए गए अयास को मवार तरीक स कर
ाकरणऔर कतका क काय एक ही कॉपी म कर
कॉपी को दो भाग म बाट दपहल भाग म ाकरण और सर भाग म कतका क उर लख
₹₹
प लखन
औपचारक प का ाप
वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए दली परवहन नगम क महाबधक को प लख (ाप उदाहरण वप )
परीा भवन
नई दली
दनाक ३००४२०२० या 30 अल 2020
महाबधक
दली परवहन नगम
इथ टट
नई दली
वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए नवदन
महोदय
वन नवदन ह क यमना पार म सोसाइट इस समय हजार लोग स भरी ह तजी स इस का वकास आ ह औरलोग न यहा बसना श कर दया ह उतनी तजी स परवहन क वथा न हो पान क कारण क नवासय को मीलपदल चलकर मदर डरी क पास पाडव नगर क सामन स बस लनी पड़ती ह कछ बस जो मयर वहार स चलत ह उह पकड़नक लए भी र चलना पड़ता ह ऐस म छोट-छोट बच महलाऔर बजग को भारी असवधा का सामना करना पड़ता हआपस वन नवदन ह क आप हमार हमार स नह बस सवा आरभ कर ताक यहा क वाथय छोट बच महलाअभभावक एव कायालय जान वाल को असवधा ना हो
भवदय
कखग
ननलखत वषय पर प लख
१ चनाव क दन म कायकता घर वालय आद पर चनावी पोटर लगा जात ह इसस लोग को होन वाली असवधा परवचार करत ए कसी दनक समाचार प क सपादक को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म प लख
२ अपन म पड़ पौध क अनयत कटाई को रोकन क लए जला अधकारी को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म एक पलख
३ आपक म आए दन चोरया हो रही ह प ारा पलस कमर को इसक शकायत करत ए गत बढ़ान का अनरोधकरत ए 80 स 100 100 स शद म प लख
४ चक बक खो जान क सचना दत ए अपन बक क बधक को 80 स 100 शद म प लख
नोट सार प ऊपर दए ए ाप क अनप ही लख
इस काय को मवार ढग स ाकरण क कॉपी म कर
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Assignment - 3 Subject - Physics Class 10 Notes Chapter - Human Eye And The Colourful World Topic - Human Eye- Introduction Diagram of human eye
Name of
the part
Characteristic Function
Cornea Transparent spherical membrane
covering the front part of the eye
Light enters the eye through this
membrane Most of the refraction
happens here
Eye lens transparent biconvex structure in
the eye
provides finer adjustment
required to focus objects on the
retina
Iris Dark muscular diaphragm between
the cornea and the lens
controls the size of the pupil
Pupil An opening between the iris through
which light enters the eye
regulates the amount of light
entering the eye
Ciliary
Muscle
Attached to the eye lens hold the lens in position and
modify the curvature of the lens
and accommodate the focal
length
Retina light-sensitive surface of an eye
Which act as screen on which the
image is formed
generate signals which are
transmitted to the brain through
optical nerves
Optic
nerve
Attached to retina transmits visual information from
the retina to the brain
Power of Accommodation
The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called accommodation This is done by changing the curvature of the eye lens
The minimum distance at which objects can be seen most distinctly without strain is called near point of the eye It is 25 cm for a normal human eye
The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly is called the far point of the eye It is infinity for a normal eye
Various Defects of vision and their correction
1 Myopia or short sightedness 2 Hypermetropia or long sightedness 3 Presbiopia
Myopia Myopia It is also known as nearsightedness A person with myopia can see nearby objects
clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctly Itrsquos far point is nearer than infinity Image is formed before the retina in a myopic eye
Cause of Myopia - 1 excessive curvature of of the eye lens or 2 Elongation of the eye ball Correction- It can be corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power Here are the ray
diagrams for a myopic eye and its correction ndash
Assignment 3 1 What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye 2 Why ist the normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm 3 Write the function of a)iris b)ciliary muscle c) retina 4 What is the far piont and near point of the human eye with normal vision 5 The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem 6 What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye 7 A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row What could be the defect the child is suffering from How can it be corrected 8 What is myopia What are its causes and how it can be corrected Also show diagrams of defective eye and corrected eye 9 Name the light sensitive cells and write its function 10 What is the diameter of our eye
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Metals and Non-metals
Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as
differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements
can be classified into 3 groups -
Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth
Elements
Metals (they loose
electrons and
form positive ions)
Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg
Au
Metalloids
(show both
characteristics ndash
metallic as well as non-
metallic)
Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te
Non-metals (they
gain electrons and
form negative
ions)
Eg-C O Cl N H
He
Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals
Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table
bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)
bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)
Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions
(H+)
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical
Properties -
Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)
Most of the metals are malleable
They are non-malleable but brittle
Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)
Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)
They are non-ductile
Heat and electrical conductivity
Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity
Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity
Lustre (shiny appearance)
Metals are lustrous and can be polished
Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull
Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife
Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)
Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)
Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature
Melting point and Boiling point
Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)
Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)
Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo
Non-metals have low density (they are light)
Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)
Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous
Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)
Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless
Now you are in a state to answer the following -
Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical
Properties -
Chemical Properties
Metals Non-Metals
Reaction with oxygen (of air)
When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal
I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)
II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of
Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)
VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]
Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides
I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2
(g) [acidic]
How to know CO2 is acidic
CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)
VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)
Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all
bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature
bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature
Hence CO2 is acidic in nature
II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]
III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]
Reaction with water
Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas
I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]
II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)
III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)
VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all
Reaction with dilute acids
Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids
2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all
Reaction with salt solutions
A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)
A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution
Reaction with chlorine
Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds
bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]
bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]
bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)
bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)
Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)
Reaction with hydrogen
Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)
Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)
bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because
HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to
water
Now answer the following questions -
Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire
Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs
Uses of Metals -
bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current
bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and
factory equipment
bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels
bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries
Uses of Non-Metals -
bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee
bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for
making fertilizers
bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles
bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells
and dry cells
Answer the Following Questions -
1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This
compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be
a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron
2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch
a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals
b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-
metals
3)
a) What are amphoteric oxides
b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides
4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which
will not
5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen
6) Give reasons for the following
a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery
b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil
c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking
7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties
8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of
iron)
Answer the following Assertion based question
Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -
1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides
2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong
oxidizing agent
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Control and Coordination
All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the
environment around them
The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called
stimuli (singular is stimulus)
The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell
taste touch pressure force of gravity etc
The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of
their body part
Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub
Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil
(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves
So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms
The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system
and endocrine system involving hormones
But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous
system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli
Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic
manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination
ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM
The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)
takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system
Figure 3 Structure of Neuron
Human Nervous
System Neuron
Basic Unit
Types
Sensory Neuron
(Transmits
impulses from
sense organs (ear
skin etc) to
Central Nervous
System (CNS)
Motor Neuron (carries
impulses from brain and
spinal cord to effector
organs)
Relay Neuron
(occur in CNS
where they
serve as link
between other
neurons)
How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another
in the nervous system -
bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in
touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron
bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces
an electrical impulse in it
bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then
along to itrsquos axon
bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of
chemical substance into the synapse (gap)
bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the
dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on
Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a
particular set of neurons)
Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)
Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -
bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action
is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we
immediately remove our hand away from it
Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)
bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc
Figure 6 Reflex Arc
Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)
Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action
The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -
1 Human Brain -
Figure 9 Human brain
Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull
of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium
The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it
The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which
protects the brain from mechanical shocks
The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -
a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the
largest part of the brain
bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors
are present here
bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception
of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)
and muscular activities (frontal lobe)
bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves
b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the
other parts of the brain and spinal cord
bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk
in response to visual and auditory stimuli
c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata
bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body
movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc
bull Pons regulate respiration
bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart
beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as
swallowing coughing etc
2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral
column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord
bull It is also covered by meninges
bull It is the reflex centre of the body
Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions
How does the nervous tissue cause action
The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called
neuro-muscular junction
When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the
muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous
electrical impulses
New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus
bringing about movement in muscles
Figure 11 Neuromuscular function
Answer these MCQs -
1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash
a) Cell body
b) Axonal end
c) Dendritic end
d) Axon
2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -
a) Cell junction
b) Neuro-muscular junction
c) Neural joint
d) Synapse
Answer the following questions -
1) The brain is responsible for -
a) Thinking
b) Regulating the heart beat
c) Balancing the body
d) All of the above
2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors
do not work properly What problems are likely to arise
3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function
4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury
5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism
6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
ASSIGNMENT- 3
HISTORY
Chapter-3 STD10
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
MAIN TOPICS-
The first world war khilafat and non-
cooperation movement
Different stands within the movement
Towards civil disobedience
The sense of collective belonging
IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-
Created new economic and political
situation
Increase in defense expenditure
Increased custom duties and introduction of
income tax
Increased prices of commodities
Forced recruitment of villagers in army
Crop failure shortage of food
Spread of epidemic killing millions of people
IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-
Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea
of Satyagrah and Non-violence
Three experiments of Gandhiji with
Satyagrah
a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against
oppressive plantation system
b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding
relaxation in revenue collection
c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support
of cotton mill workers
ROWLATT ACT (1919) -
Passed by imperial Legislative despite
opposition from Indian members
Government got power to detain political
prisoners for two years without trial
It was intended to curb political activity by
Indians
Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil
disobedience movement starting with hartal
RESULTS -
Massive strike and shutdown of shops and
workshops
Local Amritsar leaders arrested
Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi
Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer
JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-
Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar
gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to
celebrate Baisakhi
General Dyer blocked the only exit and
ordered fire on the gathering that left
hundreds dead
RESULTS-
News of the tragedy spread strikes and
clashes with police began
Government suppressed and humiliated
protestors
Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah
movement
KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT-
Gandhiji intended to unite people especially
Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement
across India
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated
with khilafat committee discussed United
action on khilafat movement along with
Non-cooperation movement
STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-
Surrender of government titles
Boycott of civil services army police courts
Legislative councils and schools
Boycott of foreign goods
Mobilise popular support
DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-
Many within Congress opposed boycott of
council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru
formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress
Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with
compromise and adoption of Non-
cooperation movement
DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-
MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-
bull Middle class participation
bull Schools colleges courts boycotted
boycott of foreign clothes
bull Picketing of liquor shops
bull Harmed colonial economy
SLOWDOWN-
bull Khadi was expensive which poor people
could not afford
bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions
bull Students teachers lawyers joined back
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
Introduction to the lesson
A young boy makes friends with Anil Anil trusts him completely and employs him Does the boy betray his trust
The story is about a 15-year-old thief who changes his name every month to stay ahead of the police and old employers This time he kept his name Hari Singh The other person in the story is a 25 year old writer named Anil The thief meets Anil and asks him if he can work for him The story unfolds on how the thief betrays Anil by committing a theft but retracts later on
The Thief‟s Story Summary
The story is about two different people One is a thief of 15 years of age and the other is a man of approximately 25 years watching a wrestling match somewhere The name of the person watching the match is Anil The thief approaches Anil and starts talking to him because he feels that he had not robbed anyone in the past few days and thought that it would be easy to rob a simple person like Anil They both start talking and Anil asks the thief his name The thief introduces himself as Hari Singh This is not his real name as he changes his name every month to escape his ex employers or police Then they started talking about the wrestlers and Anil was leaving when Hari called him again and asked him if he could work for Anil Anil said that he wont be able to pay him but could feed him if he knew how to cook Hari lied that he knew how to cook Anil took Hari to his room which was above a sweet shop Hari cooked a meal which was really bad because Anil did not eat it Anil asked Hari to leave but he tried to please Anil Hari smiled in his most attractive way and Anil could not stop laughing looking at him Anil agreed to teach Hari how to cook write full sentences and add numbers Hari was grateful as he knew that there would be no limit to robbing people once he learnt how to read and write The narrator used to like working for Anil as he used to make him tea in the morning and then go out to buy the groceries for the day He also used to steal 1 rupee from the money that was given to him to buy the groceries everyday Anil knew that he used to steal but did not mind Anil used to make money by irregular works Sometimes he used to borrow money and the other day when he had money he would be lending it to other people Whenever he used to get money he would go out with his friends to celebrate One day Anil came in with a bundle of notes and told Hari that he had sold a book to a publisher At night he kept the money safely under the mattress of his bed Hari realized that he had been working for Anil for more than a month and had not stolen anything apart from the 1 rupee that he kept everyday from the
grocery money Hari had many chances to steal as he had the key to the room as well But he was surprised with the amount of trust Anil had on him as he had never seen such a trusting person in his life This trust thing was preventing him from robbing Anil as Hari thought that robbing a careless person like Anil didnt make much difference because he might not even notice that he had been robbed and that took out all the fun from the work Then he thought of stealing Anil‟s money and justified himself that if he didnt steal money from Anil then also he would waste it on his friends and also Anil didnt pay him for the work that he did Hari then woke up at night and quietly crawled to Anil‟s bed He steals the money and decides to leave the city by Lucknow Express that departed at 1030 When he reached the station the train had slowly started moving from the platform He could have easily caught the train but he hesitated and he himself did not know the reason for it Before he had reached the station he counted the money and it was 600 rupees in 50 rupee notes He could live a lavish life for 2 - 3 weeks with so much money After the train had left Hari was all alone at the train station He was left with no place to sleep at night The only person he knew was Anil and he had looted him as well He sat on a bench in a park and as it started to rain he sat down under the clock tower Then he realized that the notes had got wet He realized that learning how to read and write would help him to get a much more respectable and honest job which would pay him much more than these few hundred rupees Then he decided to go back to Anil‟s house He reached the room and placed the money back Next morning he woke up a bit late and Anil had already made his tea Aniul gave a 50 rupee note to Hari as he had got paid for some work and he would be paid regularly Hari took the note in his hand and realized that the note was still wet from the rain last night Hari realized that Anil had come to know about his misdeed but there was no sadness anger or guilt in his mind The narrator smiled in a beautiful way and it was genuine happiness as he knew that he had saved himself from the wrong road
Answer the following questions in 30-40 words
Q1 What are Hari Singh‟s reactions to the prospect of receiving an education Do they change over time
Q2 Why does not Anil hand the thief over to the police Do you think most people would have done so In what ways is Anil different from such employers
Q3 How does the thief think Anil will react to the theft
Q4 What does he say about the different reactions of people when they are robbed
Q5 Does Anil realise that he has been robbed
Answer the following question in 150 words
Q1 Anil plays a major role in the transformation of Hari Singh Comment on the statement by
highlighting the values possessed by Anil which touched Harirsquos heart and made him return to his
honest ways of earning his livelihood
Q2 rdquoBut to be a really big man a clever and respected man was something elserdquo Hari finally
accepted the importance of education and honest living What do you think about the role of
education in changing people like Hari Comment on it by highlighting the values one imbibes
through education
Letter writing Enquiry letter
An Enquiry letter is a formal letter written to enquire and get details regarding something that a person is interested in It could be written with respect to an item that a person is interested in buying a course that a person wants to study a vacation trip that a person wants to go on etc
Format of Enquiry letter
1 Sender‟s address Include email and phone number if required
2 Date Below address
3 Receiver‟s address
4 Subject of the letter
5 Salutation (Sir respected sir madam) 6 Body Paragraph 1 Introduce yourself and the purpose of writing the letter Paragraph 2 Detail of the enquiry Paragraph 3 Conclude end
7 Complimentary Closing 8 Sender‟s name signature and designation (if any)
Sample questions and answers
Q You are Hardeepak Singh a brilliant student who has completed his class X from a small
town in Himachal Pradesh where not many facilities are available You friend has shown you an
advertisement about a coaching centre for IIT-JEE Write a letter to the Director of Surya
Coaching Centre asking for more details
Ans
4 Duffdunbar
Manali
5th April 2015
The Director
Surya Coaching Classes
Sarabha Nagar
Chandigarh
Sub Enquiry about IIT-JEE Coaching classes
Dear Sir
This is with reference to your advertisement in the lsquoIndian Expressrsquo for IIT-JEE coaching
classes I have appeared for my class X examination from the CBSE and am awaiting my result
I am keen on joining your institute for the coaching classes Kindly furnish the following details
(i) Duration of the Course (ii) Timings and fee structure (iii) Eligibility criteria for the course (iv) No of students in a batch (v) Facility of evening or part time batches
(vi) Facility for transport (vii) Future prospect of the course
Let me know about the procedure of applying for the screening test and also the date of the test I
would also like to know the frequency of classes per week Information about the study materials
is also welcome along with a copy of the prospectus
I have heard that yours is a reputed institute and I would like to enroll as soon as possible Your
early response will enable me to decide fast
Thanking you
Yours sincerely
Hardeepak Singh
Q2 You want to visit Udaipur and two other cities of Rajasthan during the next summer
vacations Write a letter to the Director Rajasthan Tourism Jaipur enquiring about at least four
things that you consider important before you plan your visit You are Venkatesh Iyer living at 3
Anna Nagar Nambaccum Chennai
Ans Anna Nagar
Nambaccum
Chennai
March 5 2020
The Director
Rajasthan Tourism
Jaipur
Subject About Tourist Destination
Sir
We a party of about 20 students from Chennai have a plan to visit Rajasthan during the coming
summer vacation Since it will be our frst visit to North India we are a bit shaky Would you
please supply the following information at the earliest to enable us to finalize our tour
programme in time
Are the tourist secure from highwaymen the terrorist and the police highhandedness in
your state
Which places are worth-visiting
Does your department organize tours
Shall we get accommodation for a night halt at Rest Houses
What is the guarantee that we shall not be fleeced
An early reply is solicited
Yours sincerely
Venkatesh Iyer
Practice Questions
Q1 You intend to join coaching classes at International Coaching Center situated in Raipur The institute
specializes in teaching science to classes XI ndash XII Write a letter of inquiry in 100-120 words addressed to
the Administrator incharge of the institute seeking clarification about the timings duration staff
transport and other necessary details for joining the institute You are RajeshRajni 2 Library Road
Jabalpur
Q2 You are Secretary Students Council of ABC School Delhi You are organizing an excursion to Manali
Write a letter to the Director Tourism Department Manali asking to supply the information on the
terms and conditions of conducting excursion
Grammar section
Q1Read the conversation given below and complete the following paragraph
Reena I called you yesterday Where were you Arya I went to visit my grandmother Why did you call Reena I called to tell you that our results will be out next week Arya Are you sure Reena I saw the news in yesterdayrsquos newspaper
Reena told Arya that (a) and asked her where she had been Arya told her that (b)
grandmother and enquired (c)helliphelliphelliphellip Reena told her that she (d)
results would be out next week When Arya asked (e)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipReena told her (f) newspaper
Q2Read the following paragraph and edit it There is an error in each line Write the incorrect word and the correction against each blank in your answer sheet One has been done for you
Error correction
Educationist today are overwhelmingly ie a) Educationist Educationists
concern about the future of the youngsters b)helliphellip helliphelliphellip
The common complaint is students doesnrsquot c)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip
study they are not interested Some blames d)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip
exposure to the media others feel that the
present generation are not serious enough e)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip
The CBSE expresses this concern of f)helliphellip helliphelliphellip
reviewing the syllabus for time to time The g)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip
idea is to build a complete personality of an individual h)helliphellip helliphellip
ASSIGNMENT3 CLASS10 SUBJECTHINDI
ग गोवद सह पलक कल
बोकारो इपात नगर जनवत 5ब
वषय हद
का दसव
स 2020 -2021
पापतक कतका (भाग 2)
पाठ माता का अचल
लखक शवपजन सहाय
पाठ का साराश
तत पाठ म लखक शवपजन सहाय पाठक को यह बताना चाहत ह क सभी पता अपन बच स बहद यार करत ह उहसरा दान करत ह और उनक पालन पोषण हत धन कमान क लए कड़ी महनत करत ह लकन फर भी यार पता मा काथान कभी नह ल पात
बच अपन आपको कवल मा क गोद म ही सरत समझत ह यहा लखक इसी प को उजागर कर रह ह इस पाठ मलखक न यह बताया ह क वह बचपन स ही पता स ऐस जड़ गए थ क रात को सोना खाना खाना नहाना पजा-पाठ सबकछ वह पता क सग ही कया करत थ
लखक क चौड़ ललाट पर चमकत पड को दखकर उसक पता उस भोलाराम कह कर पकारत थ जबक लखक कावातवक नाम तारकर था कहत ह क रामायण पाठ करत समय जब वह दपण म अपना मख नहारत तो उस बड़ी शममहसस होती थी लखक का पता रोज रामायण का पाठ करत और 500 बार राम नाम लखत छोट-छोट कागज को आटक गोलय म लपटकर मछलय को खलात थ उस व भी अपन पता क कध पर सवार रहत रहत थ घर वापस आतसमय उसक पता उस पड़ पर बठाकर झला झलाया करत थ ऐस कई उदाहरण यहा पर लखक न दए ह जब कस कारलखक क पता उह खाना खलात परत लखक क मा को सतोष नह होता और वह कहती ह क बड़-बड़ कौर खलाओतभी इसक पट भरग इस पर पाठ म गाव म बच कस कार हसी ठठोली म अपन बचपन को गजारत ह कस कार वहतरह तरह क खल खलत ह इन सब का वणन ह
चबतर क कोन को नाटक घर चौक को रगमच कभी कान बनाकर कभी म क ढल पथर क टकड़ स लड पस औरबताश क खोमच बनात यह सार खल बच खलत ह बच मठाई क कान बढ़ा कर घरदा बनान लगत फर भी जवनारबनात तथा खद भी जमन बठ जात थ लखक अपन बचपन क खल क बार म बतात ए कहत ह क कभी-कभी वकनतर का बाजा अमोली क शहनाई और टट चह दानी क पालक बनाकर बराती बन जात लखक वय ही समधी बनकरबकर पर चढ़ जात बारात चबतर क कोन स सर कोन पर सज ए मडप तक जाती और फर वापस लौट आती इस कारक कई खल का वणन ह जहा पर गाव क बड़ बजग को चढ़ात तरह-तरह क गान गाकर
लखक अपन बचपन क एकऔर घटना का ज करत ए कहत ह क जब वह सब चह क बल म पानी डाल रह थ तभीउस बल स साप नकल आता ह और उस दखकर सभी दौड़न लगत ह गरत पड़त ललहान होत एक सर म रोत अपन-अपन घर म घस जात ह उनक पता बाहर उतार म बठकर का पी रह होत ह पर लखक उह अनसना कर मा क पास दौड़
जात ह और मा क आचल म मह छपा कर रोन लगत ह उह डरा आ दखकर उनक मा उह ढाढस बधाती ह उह सरादती ह और मा क म और सरा और शात क छाया लखक क मन को शात करती ह अथात लखक डर क मार मा कगोद म ही चपका रहता ह और यहा लखक यह बताना चाहत ह क जब जीवन म भयानक वप जीवन म डर भयमहसस होता ह तो को मा का आचल ही याद आती ह और मा क आचल जसी सरा और शात उस जीवन म नयाम कह नह मलती
ननलखत मयपरक क उर द (80 स 100 शद क बीच म)
१ भोलानाथ और उसक साथय क खल और खलन क सामी और आपक खल और खलन क सामी स कसकार भ ह प कर
२ पाठ म आए ऐस सग का वणन कजए जो आपक दल को छ गए
३ इस उपयास म ामीण सकत का चण ह ामीण सकत और शहरी सकत म आपको या अतर दखाईदता ह
४ माता का अचल शीषक क साथकता स कर
५ इस पाठ म माता पता का बच क त वासयका वणन आ ह उस अपन शद म लख
६ पाठ म योग कए गए आचलक शद क सची बनाए
७ पाठ म य कए गए आचलक तकबद जसका योग लखकऔर उनक म कया करत थ उनक सची बनाए
८ तत पाठ क आधार पर यह कहा जा सकता ह क बच अपन पता स अधक जड़ाव रखत ह फर भी वपदा कसमय पता क पास न जाकर मा क शरण लत ह आपक समझ स इसक या वजह होती ह हो सकती ह प कर
नोट
पाठ क साराश को लखन क आवयकता नह ह
सफ क उर कर इस काय को एक अलग कॉपी म कर
ाकरण पद परचय ( मशः)
१ या
परभाषा या व शद ह जनस कसी काय क होन या कए जान कसी घटना या या क घटत होन या कसी या वत क अवथा या थत का बोध होता ह
या क भद कम क आधार पर
या क दो भद होत ह
अकमक या
परभाषा वाय म जो या कम क अपा नह रखती वह अकमक या कहलाती ह
सकमक या
परभाषा वह या जो वाय म कम क अपा रखती ह अथात जनक योग म कम क आवयकता होती ह वहसकमक कया कह जाती ह
२ या वशषण
परभाषा जो या क वशषता बतात ह उह यावशषण कहत ह
या वशषण क चार भद ह
(क) रीतवाचक या वशषण
परभाषा जन या वशषण म या क घटत होन क वध का पता चलता ह रीतवाचक वशषण कहलात ह या आसानशद म कह क या कस घटत हो रही ह
(ख)थान वाचक या वशषण
परभाषा या क घटत होन क थान क वषय म बोध करान वाल या वशषण शद को थान वाचक या वशषणकहत ह या यह कह क या कहा घटत हो रही ह
(ग)काल वाचक या वशषण
परभाषा या क घटत होन क समय स सबध रखत ह वह काल वाचक या वशषण कहलात ह या यह कह क याकब घटत हो रही ह
(घ) परमाणवाचक या वशषण
परभाषा या वशषण क परमाण या माा स सबधत वशषता का पता चलता ह अथवा या कतनी याा घटत होरही ह उस परमाणवाचक वशषण कहत ह
३ सबधबोधक
सबधबोधक अय अवकारी शद ह जो सा या सवनाम क बाद य होकर वाय क अय सा या सवनाम शद कसाथ सबध का बोध करात ह
जस १ बच पताजी क साथ म ल गए ह
-------------------
२ मन घर क सामन कछ पड़ लगाए ह
--------------
३ पाक क चार ओर लोग इक हो गए ह
-------------------------
४ वह घर क भीतर घसा बठा ह
-----------------------
४ समचयबोधक
दो शद दो बध योजक वाय को जोड़न का काय करत ह
ऐस योजक शद को समचयबोधक कहा जाता ह
जस और तथा एव लकन मगर कतपरत इसलए इस कारण अतः य क ताक या अथवा चाह
५ वमयादबोधक
परभाषा वमयादबोधक शद व शद ह जो आय हष घणा ख पीड़ा आद मनोभाव का बोध करात ह
जस अर ओ हाय वाह शाबाश राम-राम तौबा तौबा ह राम इयाद (व सभी शद जो क साथ य होत ह)
६ नपात
परभाषा कछ अय शद वाय म कसी शद या पद क आग लगकर उसक अथ म वशष कार का बल दत ह
इह नपात कहत ह
जस ही आपको ही करना होगा यह काम
भी हम भी बाजार जाएग
तो वह तो जाएगा ही साथ म तम भी जाओग
तक वह मझस मलन तक नह आया
मा महनत मा स कछ नह होता ब क भी आवयकता होती ह
भर म उस जानता भर
ननलखत शद क पद परचय द
१ आजकल हमारा दश गत क माग पर बढ़ रहा ह
आजकल
हमारा
दश
बढ़ रहा ह
२ तम अनज क चाचा को चाय पलाओ
तम
अनज क
चाचा को
पलाओ
३हम तम तो इतना भी नह जानत क कटब का पालन कस कया जाता ह
हम
भी
नह
कटब
४ वालय जाकर तम कछ तो पढ़ोग
वालय
जाकर
कछ
पढ़ोग
५ रीना अपन पताजी क साथ दली गई और वहा उसन कतब मीनार दखा
मीना
क साथ
दली
पताजी
क़ तब मीनार
नोट ऊपर लख ए ाया को कॉपी म लखन क आवयकता नह ह
नीच दए गए अयास को मवार तरीक स कर
ाकरणऔर कतका क काय एक ही कॉपी म कर
कॉपी को दो भाग म बाट दपहल भाग म ाकरण और सर भाग म कतका क उर लख
₹₹
प लखन
औपचारक प का ाप
वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए दली परवहन नगम क महाबधक को प लख (ाप उदाहरण वप )
परीा भवन
नई दली
दनाक ३००४२०२० या 30 अल 2020
महाबधक
दली परवहन नगम
इथ टट
नई दली
वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए नवदन
महोदय
वन नवदन ह क यमना पार म सोसाइट इस समय हजार लोग स भरी ह तजी स इस का वकास आ ह औरलोग न यहा बसना श कर दया ह उतनी तजी स परवहन क वथा न हो पान क कारण क नवासय को मीलपदल चलकर मदर डरी क पास पाडव नगर क सामन स बस लनी पड़ती ह कछ बस जो मयर वहार स चलत ह उह पकड़नक लए भी र चलना पड़ता ह ऐस म छोट-छोट बच महलाऔर बजग को भारी असवधा का सामना करना पड़ता हआपस वन नवदन ह क आप हमार हमार स नह बस सवा आरभ कर ताक यहा क वाथय छोट बच महलाअभभावक एव कायालय जान वाल को असवधा ना हो
भवदय
कखग
ननलखत वषय पर प लख
१ चनाव क दन म कायकता घर वालय आद पर चनावी पोटर लगा जात ह इसस लोग को होन वाली असवधा परवचार करत ए कसी दनक समाचार प क सपादक को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म प लख
२ अपन म पड़ पौध क अनयत कटाई को रोकन क लए जला अधकारी को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म एक पलख
३ आपक म आए दन चोरया हो रही ह प ारा पलस कमर को इसक शकायत करत ए गत बढ़ान का अनरोधकरत ए 80 स 100 100 स शद म प लख
४ चक बक खो जान क सचना दत ए अपन बक क बधक को 80 स 100 शद म प लख
नोट सार प ऊपर दए ए ाप क अनप ही लख
इस काय को मवार ढग स ाकरण क कॉपी म कर
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Assignment - 3 Subject - Physics Class 10 Notes Chapter - Human Eye And The Colourful World Topic - Human Eye- Introduction Diagram of human eye
Name of
the part
Characteristic Function
Cornea Transparent spherical membrane
covering the front part of the eye
Light enters the eye through this
membrane Most of the refraction
happens here
Eye lens transparent biconvex structure in
the eye
provides finer adjustment
required to focus objects on the
retina
Iris Dark muscular diaphragm between
the cornea and the lens
controls the size of the pupil
Pupil An opening between the iris through
which light enters the eye
regulates the amount of light
entering the eye
Ciliary
Muscle
Attached to the eye lens hold the lens in position and
modify the curvature of the lens
and accommodate the focal
length
Retina light-sensitive surface of an eye
Which act as screen on which the
image is formed
generate signals which are
transmitted to the brain through
optical nerves
Optic
nerve
Attached to retina transmits visual information from
the retina to the brain
Power of Accommodation
The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called accommodation This is done by changing the curvature of the eye lens
The minimum distance at which objects can be seen most distinctly without strain is called near point of the eye It is 25 cm for a normal human eye
The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly is called the far point of the eye It is infinity for a normal eye
Various Defects of vision and their correction
1 Myopia or short sightedness 2 Hypermetropia or long sightedness 3 Presbiopia
Myopia Myopia It is also known as nearsightedness A person with myopia can see nearby objects
clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctly Itrsquos far point is nearer than infinity Image is formed before the retina in a myopic eye
Cause of Myopia - 1 excessive curvature of of the eye lens or 2 Elongation of the eye ball Correction- It can be corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power Here are the ray
diagrams for a myopic eye and its correction ndash
Assignment 3 1 What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye 2 Why ist the normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm 3 Write the function of a)iris b)ciliary muscle c) retina 4 What is the far piont and near point of the human eye with normal vision 5 The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem 6 What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye 7 A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row What could be the defect the child is suffering from How can it be corrected 8 What is myopia What are its causes and how it can be corrected Also show diagrams of defective eye and corrected eye 9 Name the light sensitive cells and write its function 10 What is the diameter of our eye
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Metals and Non-metals
Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as
differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements
can be classified into 3 groups -
Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth
Elements
Metals (they loose
electrons and
form positive ions)
Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg
Au
Metalloids
(show both
characteristics ndash
metallic as well as non-
metallic)
Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te
Non-metals (they
gain electrons and
form negative
ions)
Eg-C O Cl N H
He
Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals
Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table
bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)
bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)
Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions
(H+)
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical
Properties -
Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)
Most of the metals are malleable
They are non-malleable but brittle
Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)
Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)
They are non-ductile
Heat and electrical conductivity
Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity
Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity
Lustre (shiny appearance)
Metals are lustrous and can be polished
Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull
Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife
Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)
Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)
Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature
Melting point and Boiling point
Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)
Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)
Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo
Non-metals have low density (they are light)
Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)
Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous
Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)
Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless
Now you are in a state to answer the following -
Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical
Properties -
Chemical Properties
Metals Non-Metals
Reaction with oxygen (of air)
When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal
I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)
II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of
Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)
VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]
Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides
I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2
(g) [acidic]
How to know CO2 is acidic
CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)
VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)
Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all
bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature
bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature
Hence CO2 is acidic in nature
II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]
III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]
Reaction with water
Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas
I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]
II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)
III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)
VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all
Reaction with dilute acids
Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids
2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all
Reaction with salt solutions
A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)
A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution
Reaction with chlorine
Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds
bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]
bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]
bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)
bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)
Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)
Reaction with hydrogen
Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)
Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)
bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because
HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to
water
Now answer the following questions -
Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire
Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs
Uses of Metals -
bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current
bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and
factory equipment
bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels
bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries
Uses of Non-Metals -
bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee
bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for
making fertilizers
bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles
bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells
and dry cells
Answer the Following Questions -
1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This
compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be
a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron
2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch
a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals
b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-
metals
3)
a) What are amphoteric oxides
b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides
4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which
will not
5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen
6) Give reasons for the following
a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery
b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil
c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking
7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties
8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of
iron)
Answer the following Assertion based question
Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -
1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides
2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong
oxidizing agent
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Control and Coordination
All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the
environment around them
The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called
stimuli (singular is stimulus)
The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell
taste touch pressure force of gravity etc
The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of
their body part
Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub
Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil
(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves
So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms
The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system
and endocrine system involving hormones
But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous
system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli
Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic
manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination
ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM
The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)
takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system
Figure 3 Structure of Neuron
Human Nervous
System Neuron
Basic Unit
Types
Sensory Neuron
(Transmits
impulses from
sense organs (ear
skin etc) to
Central Nervous
System (CNS)
Motor Neuron (carries
impulses from brain and
spinal cord to effector
organs)
Relay Neuron
(occur in CNS
where they
serve as link
between other
neurons)
How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another
in the nervous system -
bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in
touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron
bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces
an electrical impulse in it
bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then
along to itrsquos axon
bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of
chemical substance into the synapse (gap)
bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the
dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on
Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a
particular set of neurons)
Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)
Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -
bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action
is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we
immediately remove our hand away from it
Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)
bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc
Figure 6 Reflex Arc
Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)
Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action
The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -
1 Human Brain -
Figure 9 Human brain
Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull
of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium
The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it
The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which
protects the brain from mechanical shocks
The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -
a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the
largest part of the brain
bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors
are present here
bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception
of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)
and muscular activities (frontal lobe)
bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves
b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the
other parts of the brain and spinal cord
bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk
in response to visual and auditory stimuli
c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata
bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body
movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc
bull Pons regulate respiration
bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart
beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as
swallowing coughing etc
2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral
column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord
bull It is also covered by meninges
bull It is the reflex centre of the body
Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions
How does the nervous tissue cause action
The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called
neuro-muscular junction
When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the
muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous
electrical impulses
New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus
bringing about movement in muscles
Figure 11 Neuromuscular function
Answer these MCQs -
1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash
a) Cell body
b) Axonal end
c) Dendritic end
d) Axon
2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -
a) Cell junction
b) Neuro-muscular junction
c) Neural joint
d) Synapse
Answer the following questions -
1) The brain is responsible for -
a) Thinking
b) Regulating the heart beat
c) Balancing the body
d) All of the above
2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors
do not work properly What problems are likely to arise
3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function
4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury
5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism
6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
ASSIGNMENT- 3
HISTORY
Chapter-3 STD10
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
MAIN TOPICS-
The first world war khilafat and non-
cooperation movement
Different stands within the movement
Towards civil disobedience
The sense of collective belonging
IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-
Created new economic and political
situation
Increase in defense expenditure
Increased custom duties and introduction of
income tax
Increased prices of commodities
Forced recruitment of villagers in army
Crop failure shortage of food
Spread of epidemic killing millions of people
IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-
Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea
of Satyagrah and Non-violence
Three experiments of Gandhiji with
Satyagrah
a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against
oppressive plantation system
b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding
relaxation in revenue collection
c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support
of cotton mill workers
ROWLATT ACT (1919) -
Passed by imperial Legislative despite
opposition from Indian members
Government got power to detain political
prisoners for two years without trial
It was intended to curb political activity by
Indians
Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil
disobedience movement starting with hartal
RESULTS -
Massive strike and shutdown of shops and
workshops
Local Amritsar leaders arrested
Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi
Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer
JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-
Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar
gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to
celebrate Baisakhi
General Dyer blocked the only exit and
ordered fire on the gathering that left
hundreds dead
RESULTS-
News of the tragedy spread strikes and
clashes with police began
Government suppressed and humiliated
protestors
Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah
movement
KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT-
Gandhiji intended to unite people especially
Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement
across India
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated
with khilafat committee discussed United
action on khilafat movement along with
Non-cooperation movement
STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-
Surrender of government titles
Boycott of civil services army police courts
Legislative councils and schools
Boycott of foreign goods
Mobilise popular support
DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-
Many within Congress opposed boycott of
council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru
formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress
Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with
compromise and adoption of Non-
cooperation movement
DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-
MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-
bull Middle class participation
bull Schools colleges courts boycotted
boycott of foreign clothes
bull Picketing of liquor shops
bull Harmed colonial economy
SLOWDOWN-
bull Khadi was expensive which poor people
could not afford
bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions
bull Students teachers lawyers joined back
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
grocery money Hari had many chances to steal as he had the key to the room as well But he was surprised with the amount of trust Anil had on him as he had never seen such a trusting person in his life This trust thing was preventing him from robbing Anil as Hari thought that robbing a careless person like Anil didnt make much difference because he might not even notice that he had been robbed and that took out all the fun from the work Then he thought of stealing Anil‟s money and justified himself that if he didnt steal money from Anil then also he would waste it on his friends and also Anil didnt pay him for the work that he did Hari then woke up at night and quietly crawled to Anil‟s bed He steals the money and decides to leave the city by Lucknow Express that departed at 1030 When he reached the station the train had slowly started moving from the platform He could have easily caught the train but he hesitated and he himself did not know the reason for it Before he had reached the station he counted the money and it was 600 rupees in 50 rupee notes He could live a lavish life for 2 - 3 weeks with so much money After the train had left Hari was all alone at the train station He was left with no place to sleep at night The only person he knew was Anil and he had looted him as well He sat on a bench in a park and as it started to rain he sat down under the clock tower Then he realized that the notes had got wet He realized that learning how to read and write would help him to get a much more respectable and honest job which would pay him much more than these few hundred rupees Then he decided to go back to Anil‟s house He reached the room and placed the money back Next morning he woke up a bit late and Anil had already made his tea Aniul gave a 50 rupee note to Hari as he had got paid for some work and he would be paid regularly Hari took the note in his hand and realized that the note was still wet from the rain last night Hari realized that Anil had come to know about his misdeed but there was no sadness anger or guilt in his mind The narrator smiled in a beautiful way and it was genuine happiness as he knew that he had saved himself from the wrong road
Answer the following questions in 30-40 words
Q1 What are Hari Singh‟s reactions to the prospect of receiving an education Do they change over time
Q2 Why does not Anil hand the thief over to the police Do you think most people would have done so In what ways is Anil different from such employers
Q3 How does the thief think Anil will react to the theft
Q4 What does he say about the different reactions of people when they are robbed
Q5 Does Anil realise that he has been robbed
Answer the following question in 150 words
Q1 Anil plays a major role in the transformation of Hari Singh Comment on the statement by
highlighting the values possessed by Anil which touched Harirsquos heart and made him return to his
honest ways of earning his livelihood
Q2 rdquoBut to be a really big man a clever and respected man was something elserdquo Hari finally
accepted the importance of education and honest living What do you think about the role of
education in changing people like Hari Comment on it by highlighting the values one imbibes
through education
Letter writing Enquiry letter
An Enquiry letter is a formal letter written to enquire and get details regarding something that a person is interested in It could be written with respect to an item that a person is interested in buying a course that a person wants to study a vacation trip that a person wants to go on etc
Format of Enquiry letter
1 Sender‟s address Include email and phone number if required
2 Date Below address
3 Receiver‟s address
4 Subject of the letter
5 Salutation (Sir respected sir madam) 6 Body Paragraph 1 Introduce yourself and the purpose of writing the letter Paragraph 2 Detail of the enquiry Paragraph 3 Conclude end
7 Complimentary Closing 8 Sender‟s name signature and designation (if any)
Sample questions and answers
Q You are Hardeepak Singh a brilliant student who has completed his class X from a small
town in Himachal Pradesh where not many facilities are available You friend has shown you an
advertisement about a coaching centre for IIT-JEE Write a letter to the Director of Surya
Coaching Centre asking for more details
Ans
4 Duffdunbar
Manali
5th April 2015
The Director
Surya Coaching Classes
Sarabha Nagar
Chandigarh
Sub Enquiry about IIT-JEE Coaching classes
Dear Sir
This is with reference to your advertisement in the lsquoIndian Expressrsquo for IIT-JEE coaching
classes I have appeared for my class X examination from the CBSE and am awaiting my result
I am keen on joining your institute for the coaching classes Kindly furnish the following details
(i) Duration of the Course (ii) Timings and fee structure (iii) Eligibility criteria for the course (iv) No of students in a batch (v) Facility of evening or part time batches
(vi) Facility for transport (vii) Future prospect of the course
Let me know about the procedure of applying for the screening test and also the date of the test I
would also like to know the frequency of classes per week Information about the study materials
is also welcome along with a copy of the prospectus
I have heard that yours is a reputed institute and I would like to enroll as soon as possible Your
early response will enable me to decide fast
Thanking you
Yours sincerely
Hardeepak Singh
Q2 You want to visit Udaipur and two other cities of Rajasthan during the next summer
vacations Write a letter to the Director Rajasthan Tourism Jaipur enquiring about at least four
things that you consider important before you plan your visit You are Venkatesh Iyer living at 3
Anna Nagar Nambaccum Chennai
Ans Anna Nagar
Nambaccum
Chennai
March 5 2020
The Director
Rajasthan Tourism
Jaipur
Subject About Tourist Destination
Sir
We a party of about 20 students from Chennai have a plan to visit Rajasthan during the coming
summer vacation Since it will be our frst visit to North India we are a bit shaky Would you
please supply the following information at the earliest to enable us to finalize our tour
programme in time
Are the tourist secure from highwaymen the terrorist and the police highhandedness in
your state
Which places are worth-visiting
Does your department organize tours
Shall we get accommodation for a night halt at Rest Houses
What is the guarantee that we shall not be fleeced
An early reply is solicited
Yours sincerely
Venkatesh Iyer
Practice Questions
Q1 You intend to join coaching classes at International Coaching Center situated in Raipur The institute
specializes in teaching science to classes XI ndash XII Write a letter of inquiry in 100-120 words addressed to
the Administrator incharge of the institute seeking clarification about the timings duration staff
transport and other necessary details for joining the institute You are RajeshRajni 2 Library Road
Jabalpur
Q2 You are Secretary Students Council of ABC School Delhi You are organizing an excursion to Manali
Write a letter to the Director Tourism Department Manali asking to supply the information on the
terms and conditions of conducting excursion
Grammar section
Q1Read the conversation given below and complete the following paragraph
Reena I called you yesterday Where were you Arya I went to visit my grandmother Why did you call Reena I called to tell you that our results will be out next week Arya Are you sure Reena I saw the news in yesterdayrsquos newspaper
Reena told Arya that (a) and asked her where she had been Arya told her that (b)
grandmother and enquired (c)helliphelliphelliphellip Reena told her that she (d)
results would be out next week When Arya asked (e)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipReena told her (f) newspaper
Q2Read the following paragraph and edit it There is an error in each line Write the incorrect word and the correction against each blank in your answer sheet One has been done for you
Error correction
Educationist today are overwhelmingly ie a) Educationist Educationists
concern about the future of the youngsters b)helliphellip helliphelliphellip
The common complaint is students doesnrsquot c)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip
study they are not interested Some blames d)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip
exposure to the media others feel that the
present generation are not serious enough e)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip
The CBSE expresses this concern of f)helliphellip helliphelliphellip
reviewing the syllabus for time to time The g)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip
idea is to build a complete personality of an individual h)helliphellip helliphellip
ASSIGNMENT3 CLASS10 SUBJECTHINDI
ग गोवद सह पलक कल
बोकारो इपात नगर जनवत 5ब
वषय हद
का दसव
स 2020 -2021
पापतक कतका (भाग 2)
पाठ माता का अचल
लखक शवपजन सहाय
पाठ का साराश
तत पाठ म लखक शवपजन सहाय पाठक को यह बताना चाहत ह क सभी पता अपन बच स बहद यार करत ह उहसरा दान करत ह और उनक पालन पोषण हत धन कमान क लए कड़ी महनत करत ह लकन फर भी यार पता मा काथान कभी नह ल पात
बच अपन आपको कवल मा क गोद म ही सरत समझत ह यहा लखक इसी प को उजागर कर रह ह इस पाठ मलखक न यह बताया ह क वह बचपन स ही पता स ऐस जड़ गए थ क रात को सोना खाना खाना नहाना पजा-पाठ सबकछ वह पता क सग ही कया करत थ
लखक क चौड़ ललाट पर चमकत पड को दखकर उसक पता उस भोलाराम कह कर पकारत थ जबक लखक कावातवक नाम तारकर था कहत ह क रामायण पाठ करत समय जब वह दपण म अपना मख नहारत तो उस बड़ी शममहसस होती थी लखक का पता रोज रामायण का पाठ करत और 500 बार राम नाम लखत छोट-छोट कागज को आटक गोलय म लपटकर मछलय को खलात थ उस व भी अपन पता क कध पर सवार रहत रहत थ घर वापस आतसमय उसक पता उस पड़ पर बठाकर झला झलाया करत थ ऐस कई उदाहरण यहा पर लखक न दए ह जब कस कारलखक क पता उह खाना खलात परत लखक क मा को सतोष नह होता और वह कहती ह क बड़-बड़ कौर खलाओतभी इसक पट भरग इस पर पाठ म गाव म बच कस कार हसी ठठोली म अपन बचपन को गजारत ह कस कार वहतरह तरह क खल खलत ह इन सब का वणन ह
चबतर क कोन को नाटक घर चौक को रगमच कभी कान बनाकर कभी म क ढल पथर क टकड़ स लड पस औरबताश क खोमच बनात यह सार खल बच खलत ह बच मठाई क कान बढ़ा कर घरदा बनान लगत फर भी जवनारबनात तथा खद भी जमन बठ जात थ लखक अपन बचपन क खल क बार म बतात ए कहत ह क कभी-कभी वकनतर का बाजा अमोली क शहनाई और टट चह दानी क पालक बनाकर बराती बन जात लखक वय ही समधी बनकरबकर पर चढ़ जात बारात चबतर क कोन स सर कोन पर सज ए मडप तक जाती और फर वापस लौट आती इस कारक कई खल का वणन ह जहा पर गाव क बड़ बजग को चढ़ात तरह-तरह क गान गाकर
लखक अपन बचपन क एकऔर घटना का ज करत ए कहत ह क जब वह सब चह क बल म पानी डाल रह थ तभीउस बल स साप नकल आता ह और उस दखकर सभी दौड़न लगत ह गरत पड़त ललहान होत एक सर म रोत अपन-अपन घर म घस जात ह उनक पता बाहर उतार म बठकर का पी रह होत ह पर लखक उह अनसना कर मा क पास दौड़
जात ह और मा क आचल म मह छपा कर रोन लगत ह उह डरा आ दखकर उनक मा उह ढाढस बधाती ह उह सरादती ह और मा क म और सरा और शात क छाया लखक क मन को शात करती ह अथात लखक डर क मार मा कगोद म ही चपका रहता ह और यहा लखक यह बताना चाहत ह क जब जीवन म भयानक वप जीवन म डर भयमहसस होता ह तो को मा का आचल ही याद आती ह और मा क आचल जसी सरा और शात उस जीवन म नयाम कह नह मलती
ननलखत मयपरक क उर द (80 स 100 शद क बीच म)
१ भोलानाथ और उसक साथय क खल और खलन क सामी और आपक खल और खलन क सामी स कसकार भ ह प कर
२ पाठ म आए ऐस सग का वणन कजए जो आपक दल को छ गए
३ इस उपयास म ामीण सकत का चण ह ामीण सकत और शहरी सकत म आपको या अतर दखाईदता ह
४ माता का अचल शीषक क साथकता स कर
५ इस पाठ म माता पता का बच क त वासयका वणन आ ह उस अपन शद म लख
६ पाठ म योग कए गए आचलक शद क सची बनाए
७ पाठ म य कए गए आचलक तकबद जसका योग लखकऔर उनक म कया करत थ उनक सची बनाए
८ तत पाठ क आधार पर यह कहा जा सकता ह क बच अपन पता स अधक जड़ाव रखत ह फर भी वपदा कसमय पता क पास न जाकर मा क शरण लत ह आपक समझ स इसक या वजह होती ह हो सकती ह प कर
नोट
पाठ क साराश को लखन क आवयकता नह ह
सफ क उर कर इस काय को एक अलग कॉपी म कर
ाकरण पद परचय ( मशः)
१ या
परभाषा या व शद ह जनस कसी काय क होन या कए जान कसी घटना या या क घटत होन या कसी या वत क अवथा या थत का बोध होता ह
या क भद कम क आधार पर
या क दो भद होत ह
अकमक या
परभाषा वाय म जो या कम क अपा नह रखती वह अकमक या कहलाती ह
सकमक या
परभाषा वह या जो वाय म कम क अपा रखती ह अथात जनक योग म कम क आवयकता होती ह वहसकमक कया कह जाती ह
२ या वशषण
परभाषा जो या क वशषता बतात ह उह यावशषण कहत ह
या वशषण क चार भद ह
(क) रीतवाचक या वशषण
परभाषा जन या वशषण म या क घटत होन क वध का पता चलता ह रीतवाचक वशषण कहलात ह या आसानशद म कह क या कस घटत हो रही ह
(ख)थान वाचक या वशषण
परभाषा या क घटत होन क थान क वषय म बोध करान वाल या वशषण शद को थान वाचक या वशषणकहत ह या यह कह क या कहा घटत हो रही ह
(ग)काल वाचक या वशषण
परभाषा या क घटत होन क समय स सबध रखत ह वह काल वाचक या वशषण कहलात ह या यह कह क याकब घटत हो रही ह
(घ) परमाणवाचक या वशषण
परभाषा या वशषण क परमाण या माा स सबधत वशषता का पता चलता ह अथवा या कतनी याा घटत होरही ह उस परमाणवाचक वशषण कहत ह
३ सबधबोधक
सबधबोधक अय अवकारी शद ह जो सा या सवनाम क बाद य होकर वाय क अय सा या सवनाम शद कसाथ सबध का बोध करात ह
जस १ बच पताजी क साथ म ल गए ह
-------------------
२ मन घर क सामन कछ पड़ लगाए ह
--------------
३ पाक क चार ओर लोग इक हो गए ह
-------------------------
४ वह घर क भीतर घसा बठा ह
-----------------------
४ समचयबोधक
दो शद दो बध योजक वाय को जोड़न का काय करत ह
ऐस योजक शद को समचयबोधक कहा जाता ह
जस और तथा एव लकन मगर कतपरत इसलए इस कारण अतः य क ताक या अथवा चाह
५ वमयादबोधक
परभाषा वमयादबोधक शद व शद ह जो आय हष घणा ख पीड़ा आद मनोभाव का बोध करात ह
जस अर ओ हाय वाह शाबाश राम-राम तौबा तौबा ह राम इयाद (व सभी शद जो क साथ य होत ह)
६ नपात
परभाषा कछ अय शद वाय म कसी शद या पद क आग लगकर उसक अथ म वशष कार का बल दत ह
इह नपात कहत ह
जस ही आपको ही करना होगा यह काम
भी हम भी बाजार जाएग
तो वह तो जाएगा ही साथ म तम भी जाओग
तक वह मझस मलन तक नह आया
मा महनत मा स कछ नह होता ब क भी आवयकता होती ह
भर म उस जानता भर
ननलखत शद क पद परचय द
१ आजकल हमारा दश गत क माग पर बढ़ रहा ह
आजकल
हमारा
दश
बढ़ रहा ह
२ तम अनज क चाचा को चाय पलाओ
तम
अनज क
चाचा को
पलाओ
३हम तम तो इतना भी नह जानत क कटब का पालन कस कया जाता ह
हम
भी
नह
कटब
४ वालय जाकर तम कछ तो पढ़ोग
वालय
जाकर
कछ
पढ़ोग
५ रीना अपन पताजी क साथ दली गई और वहा उसन कतब मीनार दखा
मीना
क साथ
दली
पताजी
क़ तब मीनार
नोट ऊपर लख ए ाया को कॉपी म लखन क आवयकता नह ह
नीच दए गए अयास को मवार तरीक स कर
ाकरणऔर कतका क काय एक ही कॉपी म कर
कॉपी को दो भाग म बाट दपहल भाग म ाकरण और सर भाग म कतका क उर लख
₹₹
प लखन
औपचारक प का ाप
वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए दली परवहन नगम क महाबधक को प लख (ाप उदाहरण वप )
परीा भवन
नई दली
दनाक ३००४२०२० या 30 अल 2020
महाबधक
दली परवहन नगम
इथ टट
नई दली
वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए नवदन
महोदय
वन नवदन ह क यमना पार म सोसाइट इस समय हजार लोग स भरी ह तजी स इस का वकास आ ह औरलोग न यहा बसना श कर दया ह उतनी तजी स परवहन क वथा न हो पान क कारण क नवासय को मीलपदल चलकर मदर डरी क पास पाडव नगर क सामन स बस लनी पड़ती ह कछ बस जो मयर वहार स चलत ह उह पकड़नक लए भी र चलना पड़ता ह ऐस म छोट-छोट बच महलाऔर बजग को भारी असवधा का सामना करना पड़ता हआपस वन नवदन ह क आप हमार हमार स नह बस सवा आरभ कर ताक यहा क वाथय छोट बच महलाअभभावक एव कायालय जान वाल को असवधा ना हो
भवदय
कखग
ननलखत वषय पर प लख
१ चनाव क दन म कायकता घर वालय आद पर चनावी पोटर लगा जात ह इसस लोग को होन वाली असवधा परवचार करत ए कसी दनक समाचार प क सपादक को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म प लख
२ अपन म पड़ पौध क अनयत कटाई को रोकन क लए जला अधकारी को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म एक पलख
३ आपक म आए दन चोरया हो रही ह प ारा पलस कमर को इसक शकायत करत ए गत बढ़ान का अनरोधकरत ए 80 स 100 100 स शद म प लख
४ चक बक खो जान क सचना दत ए अपन बक क बधक को 80 स 100 शद म प लख
नोट सार प ऊपर दए ए ाप क अनप ही लख
इस काय को मवार ढग स ाकरण क कॉपी म कर
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Assignment - 3 Subject - Physics Class 10 Notes Chapter - Human Eye And The Colourful World Topic - Human Eye- Introduction Diagram of human eye
Name of
the part
Characteristic Function
Cornea Transparent spherical membrane
covering the front part of the eye
Light enters the eye through this
membrane Most of the refraction
happens here
Eye lens transparent biconvex structure in
the eye
provides finer adjustment
required to focus objects on the
retina
Iris Dark muscular diaphragm between
the cornea and the lens
controls the size of the pupil
Pupil An opening between the iris through
which light enters the eye
regulates the amount of light
entering the eye
Ciliary
Muscle
Attached to the eye lens hold the lens in position and
modify the curvature of the lens
and accommodate the focal
length
Retina light-sensitive surface of an eye
Which act as screen on which the
image is formed
generate signals which are
transmitted to the brain through
optical nerves
Optic
nerve
Attached to retina transmits visual information from
the retina to the brain
Power of Accommodation
The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called accommodation This is done by changing the curvature of the eye lens
The minimum distance at which objects can be seen most distinctly without strain is called near point of the eye It is 25 cm for a normal human eye
The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly is called the far point of the eye It is infinity for a normal eye
Various Defects of vision and their correction
1 Myopia or short sightedness 2 Hypermetropia or long sightedness 3 Presbiopia
Myopia Myopia It is also known as nearsightedness A person with myopia can see nearby objects
clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctly Itrsquos far point is nearer than infinity Image is formed before the retina in a myopic eye
Cause of Myopia - 1 excessive curvature of of the eye lens or 2 Elongation of the eye ball Correction- It can be corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power Here are the ray
diagrams for a myopic eye and its correction ndash
Assignment 3 1 What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye 2 Why ist the normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm 3 Write the function of a)iris b)ciliary muscle c) retina 4 What is the far piont and near point of the human eye with normal vision 5 The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem 6 What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye 7 A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row What could be the defect the child is suffering from How can it be corrected 8 What is myopia What are its causes and how it can be corrected Also show diagrams of defective eye and corrected eye 9 Name the light sensitive cells and write its function 10 What is the diameter of our eye
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Metals and Non-metals
Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as
differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements
can be classified into 3 groups -
Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth
Elements
Metals (they loose
electrons and
form positive ions)
Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg
Au
Metalloids
(show both
characteristics ndash
metallic as well as non-
metallic)
Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te
Non-metals (they
gain electrons and
form negative
ions)
Eg-C O Cl N H
He
Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals
Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table
bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)
bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)
Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions
(H+)
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical
Properties -
Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)
Most of the metals are malleable
They are non-malleable but brittle
Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)
Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)
They are non-ductile
Heat and electrical conductivity
Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity
Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity
Lustre (shiny appearance)
Metals are lustrous and can be polished
Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull
Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife
Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)
Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)
Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature
Melting point and Boiling point
Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)
Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)
Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo
Non-metals have low density (they are light)
Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)
Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous
Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)
Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless
Now you are in a state to answer the following -
Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical
Properties -
Chemical Properties
Metals Non-Metals
Reaction with oxygen (of air)
When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal
I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)
II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of
Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)
VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]
Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides
I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2
(g) [acidic]
How to know CO2 is acidic
CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)
VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)
Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all
bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature
bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature
Hence CO2 is acidic in nature
II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]
III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]
Reaction with water
Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas
I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]
II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)
III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)
VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all
Reaction with dilute acids
Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids
2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all
Reaction with salt solutions
A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)
A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution
Reaction with chlorine
Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds
bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]
bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]
bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)
bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)
Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)
Reaction with hydrogen
Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)
Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)
bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because
HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to
water
Now answer the following questions -
Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire
Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs
Uses of Metals -
bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current
bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and
factory equipment
bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels
bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries
Uses of Non-Metals -
bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee
bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for
making fertilizers
bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles
bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells
and dry cells
Answer the Following Questions -
1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This
compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be
a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron
2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch
a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals
b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-
metals
3)
a) What are amphoteric oxides
b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides
4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which
will not
5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen
6) Give reasons for the following
a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery
b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil
c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking
7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties
8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of
iron)
Answer the following Assertion based question
Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -
1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides
2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong
oxidizing agent
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Control and Coordination
All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the
environment around them
The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called
stimuli (singular is stimulus)
The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell
taste touch pressure force of gravity etc
The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of
their body part
Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub
Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil
(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves
So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms
The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system
and endocrine system involving hormones
But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous
system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli
Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic
manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination
ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM
The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)
takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system
Figure 3 Structure of Neuron
Human Nervous
System Neuron
Basic Unit
Types
Sensory Neuron
(Transmits
impulses from
sense organs (ear
skin etc) to
Central Nervous
System (CNS)
Motor Neuron (carries
impulses from brain and
spinal cord to effector
organs)
Relay Neuron
(occur in CNS
where they
serve as link
between other
neurons)
How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another
in the nervous system -
bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in
touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron
bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces
an electrical impulse in it
bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then
along to itrsquos axon
bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of
chemical substance into the synapse (gap)
bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the
dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on
Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a
particular set of neurons)
Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)
Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -
bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action
is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we
immediately remove our hand away from it
Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)
bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc
Figure 6 Reflex Arc
Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)
Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action
The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -
1 Human Brain -
Figure 9 Human brain
Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull
of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium
The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it
The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which
protects the brain from mechanical shocks
The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -
a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the
largest part of the brain
bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors
are present here
bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception
of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)
and muscular activities (frontal lobe)
bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves
b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the
other parts of the brain and spinal cord
bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk
in response to visual and auditory stimuli
c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata
bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body
movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc
bull Pons regulate respiration
bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart
beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as
swallowing coughing etc
2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral
column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord
bull It is also covered by meninges
bull It is the reflex centre of the body
Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions
How does the nervous tissue cause action
The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called
neuro-muscular junction
When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the
muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous
electrical impulses
New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus
bringing about movement in muscles
Figure 11 Neuromuscular function
Answer these MCQs -
1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash
a) Cell body
b) Axonal end
c) Dendritic end
d) Axon
2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -
a) Cell junction
b) Neuro-muscular junction
c) Neural joint
d) Synapse
Answer the following questions -
1) The brain is responsible for -
a) Thinking
b) Regulating the heart beat
c) Balancing the body
d) All of the above
2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors
do not work properly What problems are likely to arise
3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function
4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury
5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism
6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
ASSIGNMENT- 3
HISTORY
Chapter-3 STD10
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
MAIN TOPICS-
The first world war khilafat and non-
cooperation movement
Different stands within the movement
Towards civil disobedience
The sense of collective belonging
IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-
Created new economic and political
situation
Increase in defense expenditure
Increased custom duties and introduction of
income tax
Increased prices of commodities
Forced recruitment of villagers in army
Crop failure shortage of food
Spread of epidemic killing millions of people
IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-
Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea
of Satyagrah and Non-violence
Three experiments of Gandhiji with
Satyagrah
a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against
oppressive plantation system
b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding
relaxation in revenue collection
c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support
of cotton mill workers
ROWLATT ACT (1919) -
Passed by imperial Legislative despite
opposition from Indian members
Government got power to detain political
prisoners for two years without trial
It was intended to curb political activity by
Indians
Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil
disobedience movement starting with hartal
RESULTS -
Massive strike and shutdown of shops and
workshops
Local Amritsar leaders arrested
Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi
Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer
JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-
Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar
gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to
celebrate Baisakhi
General Dyer blocked the only exit and
ordered fire on the gathering that left
hundreds dead
RESULTS-
News of the tragedy spread strikes and
clashes with police began
Government suppressed and humiliated
protestors
Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah
movement
KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT-
Gandhiji intended to unite people especially
Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement
across India
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated
with khilafat committee discussed United
action on khilafat movement along with
Non-cooperation movement
STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-
Surrender of government titles
Boycott of civil services army police courts
Legislative councils and schools
Boycott of foreign goods
Mobilise popular support
DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-
Many within Congress opposed boycott of
council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru
formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress
Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with
compromise and adoption of Non-
cooperation movement
DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-
MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-
bull Middle class participation
bull Schools colleges courts boycotted
boycott of foreign clothes
bull Picketing of liquor shops
bull Harmed colonial economy
SLOWDOWN-
bull Khadi was expensive which poor people
could not afford
bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions
bull Students teachers lawyers joined back
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
Answer the following question in 150 words
Q1 Anil plays a major role in the transformation of Hari Singh Comment on the statement by
highlighting the values possessed by Anil which touched Harirsquos heart and made him return to his
honest ways of earning his livelihood
Q2 rdquoBut to be a really big man a clever and respected man was something elserdquo Hari finally
accepted the importance of education and honest living What do you think about the role of
education in changing people like Hari Comment on it by highlighting the values one imbibes
through education
Letter writing Enquiry letter
An Enquiry letter is a formal letter written to enquire and get details regarding something that a person is interested in It could be written with respect to an item that a person is interested in buying a course that a person wants to study a vacation trip that a person wants to go on etc
Format of Enquiry letter
1 Sender‟s address Include email and phone number if required
2 Date Below address
3 Receiver‟s address
4 Subject of the letter
5 Salutation (Sir respected sir madam) 6 Body Paragraph 1 Introduce yourself and the purpose of writing the letter Paragraph 2 Detail of the enquiry Paragraph 3 Conclude end
7 Complimentary Closing 8 Sender‟s name signature and designation (if any)
Sample questions and answers
Q You are Hardeepak Singh a brilliant student who has completed his class X from a small
town in Himachal Pradesh where not many facilities are available You friend has shown you an
advertisement about a coaching centre for IIT-JEE Write a letter to the Director of Surya
Coaching Centre asking for more details
Ans
4 Duffdunbar
Manali
5th April 2015
The Director
Surya Coaching Classes
Sarabha Nagar
Chandigarh
Sub Enquiry about IIT-JEE Coaching classes
Dear Sir
This is with reference to your advertisement in the lsquoIndian Expressrsquo for IIT-JEE coaching
classes I have appeared for my class X examination from the CBSE and am awaiting my result
I am keen on joining your institute for the coaching classes Kindly furnish the following details
(i) Duration of the Course (ii) Timings and fee structure (iii) Eligibility criteria for the course (iv) No of students in a batch (v) Facility of evening or part time batches
(vi) Facility for transport (vii) Future prospect of the course
Let me know about the procedure of applying for the screening test and also the date of the test I
would also like to know the frequency of classes per week Information about the study materials
is also welcome along with a copy of the prospectus
I have heard that yours is a reputed institute and I would like to enroll as soon as possible Your
early response will enable me to decide fast
Thanking you
Yours sincerely
Hardeepak Singh
Q2 You want to visit Udaipur and two other cities of Rajasthan during the next summer
vacations Write a letter to the Director Rajasthan Tourism Jaipur enquiring about at least four
things that you consider important before you plan your visit You are Venkatesh Iyer living at 3
Anna Nagar Nambaccum Chennai
Ans Anna Nagar
Nambaccum
Chennai
March 5 2020
The Director
Rajasthan Tourism
Jaipur
Subject About Tourist Destination
Sir
We a party of about 20 students from Chennai have a plan to visit Rajasthan during the coming
summer vacation Since it will be our frst visit to North India we are a bit shaky Would you
please supply the following information at the earliest to enable us to finalize our tour
programme in time
Are the tourist secure from highwaymen the terrorist and the police highhandedness in
your state
Which places are worth-visiting
Does your department organize tours
Shall we get accommodation for a night halt at Rest Houses
What is the guarantee that we shall not be fleeced
An early reply is solicited
Yours sincerely
Venkatesh Iyer
Practice Questions
Q1 You intend to join coaching classes at International Coaching Center situated in Raipur The institute
specializes in teaching science to classes XI ndash XII Write a letter of inquiry in 100-120 words addressed to
the Administrator incharge of the institute seeking clarification about the timings duration staff
transport and other necessary details for joining the institute You are RajeshRajni 2 Library Road
Jabalpur
Q2 You are Secretary Students Council of ABC School Delhi You are organizing an excursion to Manali
Write a letter to the Director Tourism Department Manali asking to supply the information on the
terms and conditions of conducting excursion
Grammar section
Q1Read the conversation given below and complete the following paragraph
Reena I called you yesterday Where were you Arya I went to visit my grandmother Why did you call Reena I called to tell you that our results will be out next week Arya Are you sure Reena I saw the news in yesterdayrsquos newspaper
Reena told Arya that (a) and asked her where she had been Arya told her that (b)
grandmother and enquired (c)helliphelliphelliphellip Reena told her that she (d)
results would be out next week When Arya asked (e)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipReena told her (f) newspaper
Q2Read the following paragraph and edit it There is an error in each line Write the incorrect word and the correction against each blank in your answer sheet One has been done for you
Error correction
Educationist today are overwhelmingly ie a) Educationist Educationists
concern about the future of the youngsters b)helliphellip helliphelliphellip
The common complaint is students doesnrsquot c)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip
study they are not interested Some blames d)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip
exposure to the media others feel that the
present generation are not serious enough e)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip
The CBSE expresses this concern of f)helliphellip helliphelliphellip
reviewing the syllabus for time to time The g)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip
idea is to build a complete personality of an individual h)helliphellip helliphellip
ASSIGNMENT3 CLASS10 SUBJECTHINDI
ग गोवद सह पलक कल
बोकारो इपात नगर जनवत 5ब
वषय हद
का दसव
स 2020 -2021
पापतक कतका (भाग 2)
पाठ माता का अचल
लखक शवपजन सहाय
पाठ का साराश
तत पाठ म लखक शवपजन सहाय पाठक को यह बताना चाहत ह क सभी पता अपन बच स बहद यार करत ह उहसरा दान करत ह और उनक पालन पोषण हत धन कमान क लए कड़ी महनत करत ह लकन फर भी यार पता मा काथान कभी नह ल पात
बच अपन आपको कवल मा क गोद म ही सरत समझत ह यहा लखक इसी प को उजागर कर रह ह इस पाठ मलखक न यह बताया ह क वह बचपन स ही पता स ऐस जड़ गए थ क रात को सोना खाना खाना नहाना पजा-पाठ सबकछ वह पता क सग ही कया करत थ
लखक क चौड़ ललाट पर चमकत पड को दखकर उसक पता उस भोलाराम कह कर पकारत थ जबक लखक कावातवक नाम तारकर था कहत ह क रामायण पाठ करत समय जब वह दपण म अपना मख नहारत तो उस बड़ी शममहसस होती थी लखक का पता रोज रामायण का पाठ करत और 500 बार राम नाम लखत छोट-छोट कागज को आटक गोलय म लपटकर मछलय को खलात थ उस व भी अपन पता क कध पर सवार रहत रहत थ घर वापस आतसमय उसक पता उस पड़ पर बठाकर झला झलाया करत थ ऐस कई उदाहरण यहा पर लखक न दए ह जब कस कारलखक क पता उह खाना खलात परत लखक क मा को सतोष नह होता और वह कहती ह क बड़-बड़ कौर खलाओतभी इसक पट भरग इस पर पाठ म गाव म बच कस कार हसी ठठोली म अपन बचपन को गजारत ह कस कार वहतरह तरह क खल खलत ह इन सब का वणन ह
चबतर क कोन को नाटक घर चौक को रगमच कभी कान बनाकर कभी म क ढल पथर क टकड़ स लड पस औरबताश क खोमच बनात यह सार खल बच खलत ह बच मठाई क कान बढ़ा कर घरदा बनान लगत फर भी जवनारबनात तथा खद भी जमन बठ जात थ लखक अपन बचपन क खल क बार म बतात ए कहत ह क कभी-कभी वकनतर का बाजा अमोली क शहनाई और टट चह दानी क पालक बनाकर बराती बन जात लखक वय ही समधी बनकरबकर पर चढ़ जात बारात चबतर क कोन स सर कोन पर सज ए मडप तक जाती और फर वापस लौट आती इस कारक कई खल का वणन ह जहा पर गाव क बड़ बजग को चढ़ात तरह-तरह क गान गाकर
लखक अपन बचपन क एकऔर घटना का ज करत ए कहत ह क जब वह सब चह क बल म पानी डाल रह थ तभीउस बल स साप नकल आता ह और उस दखकर सभी दौड़न लगत ह गरत पड़त ललहान होत एक सर म रोत अपन-अपन घर म घस जात ह उनक पता बाहर उतार म बठकर का पी रह होत ह पर लखक उह अनसना कर मा क पास दौड़
जात ह और मा क आचल म मह छपा कर रोन लगत ह उह डरा आ दखकर उनक मा उह ढाढस बधाती ह उह सरादती ह और मा क म और सरा और शात क छाया लखक क मन को शात करती ह अथात लखक डर क मार मा कगोद म ही चपका रहता ह और यहा लखक यह बताना चाहत ह क जब जीवन म भयानक वप जीवन म डर भयमहसस होता ह तो को मा का आचल ही याद आती ह और मा क आचल जसी सरा और शात उस जीवन म नयाम कह नह मलती
ननलखत मयपरक क उर द (80 स 100 शद क बीच म)
१ भोलानाथ और उसक साथय क खल और खलन क सामी और आपक खल और खलन क सामी स कसकार भ ह प कर
२ पाठ म आए ऐस सग का वणन कजए जो आपक दल को छ गए
३ इस उपयास म ामीण सकत का चण ह ामीण सकत और शहरी सकत म आपको या अतर दखाईदता ह
४ माता का अचल शीषक क साथकता स कर
५ इस पाठ म माता पता का बच क त वासयका वणन आ ह उस अपन शद म लख
६ पाठ म योग कए गए आचलक शद क सची बनाए
७ पाठ म य कए गए आचलक तकबद जसका योग लखकऔर उनक म कया करत थ उनक सची बनाए
८ तत पाठ क आधार पर यह कहा जा सकता ह क बच अपन पता स अधक जड़ाव रखत ह फर भी वपदा कसमय पता क पास न जाकर मा क शरण लत ह आपक समझ स इसक या वजह होती ह हो सकती ह प कर
नोट
पाठ क साराश को लखन क आवयकता नह ह
सफ क उर कर इस काय को एक अलग कॉपी म कर
ाकरण पद परचय ( मशः)
१ या
परभाषा या व शद ह जनस कसी काय क होन या कए जान कसी घटना या या क घटत होन या कसी या वत क अवथा या थत का बोध होता ह
या क भद कम क आधार पर
या क दो भद होत ह
अकमक या
परभाषा वाय म जो या कम क अपा नह रखती वह अकमक या कहलाती ह
सकमक या
परभाषा वह या जो वाय म कम क अपा रखती ह अथात जनक योग म कम क आवयकता होती ह वहसकमक कया कह जाती ह
२ या वशषण
परभाषा जो या क वशषता बतात ह उह यावशषण कहत ह
या वशषण क चार भद ह
(क) रीतवाचक या वशषण
परभाषा जन या वशषण म या क घटत होन क वध का पता चलता ह रीतवाचक वशषण कहलात ह या आसानशद म कह क या कस घटत हो रही ह
(ख)थान वाचक या वशषण
परभाषा या क घटत होन क थान क वषय म बोध करान वाल या वशषण शद को थान वाचक या वशषणकहत ह या यह कह क या कहा घटत हो रही ह
(ग)काल वाचक या वशषण
परभाषा या क घटत होन क समय स सबध रखत ह वह काल वाचक या वशषण कहलात ह या यह कह क याकब घटत हो रही ह
(घ) परमाणवाचक या वशषण
परभाषा या वशषण क परमाण या माा स सबधत वशषता का पता चलता ह अथवा या कतनी याा घटत होरही ह उस परमाणवाचक वशषण कहत ह
३ सबधबोधक
सबधबोधक अय अवकारी शद ह जो सा या सवनाम क बाद य होकर वाय क अय सा या सवनाम शद कसाथ सबध का बोध करात ह
जस १ बच पताजी क साथ म ल गए ह
-------------------
२ मन घर क सामन कछ पड़ लगाए ह
--------------
३ पाक क चार ओर लोग इक हो गए ह
-------------------------
४ वह घर क भीतर घसा बठा ह
-----------------------
४ समचयबोधक
दो शद दो बध योजक वाय को जोड़न का काय करत ह
ऐस योजक शद को समचयबोधक कहा जाता ह
जस और तथा एव लकन मगर कतपरत इसलए इस कारण अतः य क ताक या अथवा चाह
५ वमयादबोधक
परभाषा वमयादबोधक शद व शद ह जो आय हष घणा ख पीड़ा आद मनोभाव का बोध करात ह
जस अर ओ हाय वाह शाबाश राम-राम तौबा तौबा ह राम इयाद (व सभी शद जो क साथ य होत ह)
६ नपात
परभाषा कछ अय शद वाय म कसी शद या पद क आग लगकर उसक अथ म वशष कार का बल दत ह
इह नपात कहत ह
जस ही आपको ही करना होगा यह काम
भी हम भी बाजार जाएग
तो वह तो जाएगा ही साथ म तम भी जाओग
तक वह मझस मलन तक नह आया
मा महनत मा स कछ नह होता ब क भी आवयकता होती ह
भर म उस जानता भर
ननलखत शद क पद परचय द
१ आजकल हमारा दश गत क माग पर बढ़ रहा ह
आजकल
हमारा
दश
बढ़ रहा ह
२ तम अनज क चाचा को चाय पलाओ
तम
अनज क
चाचा को
पलाओ
३हम तम तो इतना भी नह जानत क कटब का पालन कस कया जाता ह
हम
भी
नह
कटब
४ वालय जाकर तम कछ तो पढ़ोग
वालय
जाकर
कछ
पढ़ोग
५ रीना अपन पताजी क साथ दली गई और वहा उसन कतब मीनार दखा
मीना
क साथ
दली
पताजी
क़ तब मीनार
नोट ऊपर लख ए ाया को कॉपी म लखन क आवयकता नह ह
नीच दए गए अयास को मवार तरीक स कर
ाकरणऔर कतका क काय एक ही कॉपी म कर
कॉपी को दो भाग म बाट दपहल भाग म ाकरण और सर भाग म कतका क उर लख
₹₹
प लखन
औपचारक प का ाप
वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए दली परवहन नगम क महाबधक को प लख (ाप उदाहरण वप )
परीा भवन
नई दली
दनाक ३००४२०२० या 30 अल 2020
महाबधक
दली परवहन नगम
इथ टट
नई दली
वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए नवदन
महोदय
वन नवदन ह क यमना पार म सोसाइट इस समय हजार लोग स भरी ह तजी स इस का वकास आ ह औरलोग न यहा बसना श कर दया ह उतनी तजी स परवहन क वथा न हो पान क कारण क नवासय को मीलपदल चलकर मदर डरी क पास पाडव नगर क सामन स बस लनी पड़ती ह कछ बस जो मयर वहार स चलत ह उह पकड़नक लए भी र चलना पड़ता ह ऐस म छोट-छोट बच महलाऔर बजग को भारी असवधा का सामना करना पड़ता हआपस वन नवदन ह क आप हमार हमार स नह बस सवा आरभ कर ताक यहा क वाथय छोट बच महलाअभभावक एव कायालय जान वाल को असवधा ना हो
भवदय
कखग
ननलखत वषय पर प लख
१ चनाव क दन म कायकता घर वालय आद पर चनावी पोटर लगा जात ह इसस लोग को होन वाली असवधा परवचार करत ए कसी दनक समाचार प क सपादक को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म प लख
२ अपन म पड़ पौध क अनयत कटाई को रोकन क लए जला अधकारी को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म एक पलख
३ आपक म आए दन चोरया हो रही ह प ारा पलस कमर को इसक शकायत करत ए गत बढ़ान का अनरोधकरत ए 80 स 100 100 स शद म प लख
४ चक बक खो जान क सचना दत ए अपन बक क बधक को 80 स 100 शद म प लख
नोट सार प ऊपर दए ए ाप क अनप ही लख
इस काय को मवार ढग स ाकरण क कॉपी म कर
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Assignment - 3 Subject - Physics Class 10 Notes Chapter - Human Eye And The Colourful World Topic - Human Eye- Introduction Diagram of human eye
Name of
the part
Characteristic Function
Cornea Transparent spherical membrane
covering the front part of the eye
Light enters the eye through this
membrane Most of the refraction
happens here
Eye lens transparent biconvex structure in
the eye
provides finer adjustment
required to focus objects on the
retina
Iris Dark muscular diaphragm between
the cornea and the lens
controls the size of the pupil
Pupil An opening between the iris through
which light enters the eye
regulates the amount of light
entering the eye
Ciliary
Muscle
Attached to the eye lens hold the lens in position and
modify the curvature of the lens
and accommodate the focal
length
Retina light-sensitive surface of an eye
Which act as screen on which the
image is formed
generate signals which are
transmitted to the brain through
optical nerves
Optic
nerve
Attached to retina transmits visual information from
the retina to the brain
Power of Accommodation
The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called accommodation This is done by changing the curvature of the eye lens
The minimum distance at which objects can be seen most distinctly without strain is called near point of the eye It is 25 cm for a normal human eye
The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly is called the far point of the eye It is infinity for a normal eye
Various Defects of vision and their correction
1 Myopia or short sightedness 2 Hypermetropia or long sightedness 3 Presbiopia
Myopia Myopia It is also known as nearsightedness A person with myopia can see nearby objects
clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctly Itrsquos far point is nearer than infinity Image is formed before the retina in a myopic eye
Cause of Myopia - 1 excessive curvature of of the eye lens or 2 Elongation of the eye ball Correction- It can be corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power Here are the ray
diagrams for a myopic eye and its correction ndash
Assignment 3 1 What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye 2 Why ist the normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm 3 Write the function of a)iris b)ciliary muscle c) retina 4 What is the far piont and near point of the human eye with normal vision 5 The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem 6 What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye 7 A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row What could be the defect the child is suffering from How can it be corrected 8 What is myopia What are its causes and how it can be corrected Also show diagrams of defective eye and corrected eye 9 Name the light sensitive cells and write its function 10 What is the diameter of our eye
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Metals and Non-metals
Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as
differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements
can be classified into 3 groups -
Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth
Elements
Metals (they loose
electrons and
form positive ions)
Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg
Au
Metalloids
(show both
characteristics ndash
metallic as well as non-
metallic)
Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te
Non-metals (they
gain electrons and
form negative
ions)
Eg-C O Cl N H
He
Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals
Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table
bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)
bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)
Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions
(H+)
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical
Properties -
Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)
Most of the metals are malleable
They are non-malleable but brittle
Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)
Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)
They are non-ductile
Heat and electrical conductivity
Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity
Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity
Lustre (shiny appearance)
Metals are lustrous and can be polished
Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull
Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife
Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)
Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)
Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature
Melting point and Boiling point
Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)
Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)
Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo
Non-metals have low density (they are light)
Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)
Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous
Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)
Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless
Now you are in a state to answer the following -
Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical
Properties -
Chemical Properties
Metals Non-Metals
Reaction with oxygen (of air)
When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal
I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)
II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of
Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)
VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]
Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides
I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2
(g) [acidic]
How to know CO2 is acidic
CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)
VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)
Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all
bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature
bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature
Hence CO2 is acidic in nature
II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]
III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]
Reaction with water
Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas
I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]
II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)
III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)
VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all
Reaction with dilute acids
Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids
2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all
Reaction with salt solutions
A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)
A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution
Reaction with chlorine
Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds
bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]
bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]
bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)
bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)
Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)
Reaction with hydrogen
Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)
Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)
bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because
HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to
water
Now answer the following questions -
Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire
Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs
Uses of Metals -
bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current
bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and
factory equipment
bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels
bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries
Uses of Non-Metals -
bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee
bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for
making fertilizers
bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles
bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells
and dry cells
Answer the Following Questions -
1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This
compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be
a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron
2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch
a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals
b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-
metals
3)
a) What are amphoteric oxides
b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides
4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which
will not
5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen
6) Give reasons for the following
a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery
b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil
c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking
7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties
8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of
iron)
Answer the following Assertion based question
Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -
1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides
2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong
oxidizing agent
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Control and Coordination
All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the
environment around them
The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called
stimuli (singular is stimulus)
The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell
taste touch pressure force of gravity etc
The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of
their body part
Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub
Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil
(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves
So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms
The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system
and endocrine system involving hormones
But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous
system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli
Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic
manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination
ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM
The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)
takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system
Figure 3 Structure of Neuron
Human Nervous
System Neuron
Basic Unit
Types
Sensory Neuron
(Transmits
impulses from
sense organs (ear
skin etc) to
Central Nervous
System (CNS)
Motor Neuron (carries
impulses from brain and
spinal cord to effector
organs)
Relay Neuron
(occur in CNS
where they
serve as link
between other
neurons)
How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another
in the nervous system -
bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in
touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron
bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces
an electrical impulse in it
bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then
along to itrsquos axon
bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of
chemical substance into the synapse (gap)
bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the
dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on
Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a
particular set of neurons)
Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)
Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -
bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action
is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we
immediately remove our hand away from it
Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)
bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc
Figure 6 Reflex Arc
Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)
Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action
The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -
1 Human Brain -
Figure 9 Human brain
Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull
of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium
The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it
The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which
protects the brain from mechanical shocks
The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -
a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the
largest part of the brain
bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors
are present here
bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception
of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)
and muscular activities (frontal lobe)
bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves
b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the
other parts of the brain and spinal cord
bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk
in response to visual and auditory stimuli
c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata
bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body
movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc
bull Pons regulate respiration
bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart
beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as
swallowing coughing etc
2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral
column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord
bull It is also covered by meninges
bull It is the reflex centre of the body
Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions
How does the nervous tissue cause action
The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called
neuro-muscular junction
When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the
muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous
electrical impulses
New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus
bringing about movement in muscles
Figure 11 Neuromuscular function
Answer these MCQs -
1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash
a) Cell body
b) Axonal end
c) Dendritic end
d) Axon
2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -
a) Cell junction
b) Neuro-muscular junction
c) Neural joint
d) Synapse
Answer the following questions -
1) The brain is responsible for -
a) Thinking
b) Regulating the heart beat
c) Balancing the body
d) All of the above
2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors
do not work properly What problems are likely to arise
3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function
4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury
5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism
6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
ASSIGNMENT- 3
HISTORY
Chapter-3 STD10
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
MAIN TOPICS-
The first world war khilafat and non-
cooperation movement
Different stands within the movement
Towards civil disobedience
The sense of collective belonging
IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-
Created new economic and political
situation
Increase in defense expenditure
Increased custom duties and introduction of
income tax
Increased prices of commodities
Forced recruitment of villagers in army
Crop failure shortage of food
Spread of epidemic killing millions of people
IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-
Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea
of Satyagrah and Non-violence
Three experiments of Gandhiji with
Satyagrah
a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against
oppressive plantation system
b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding
relaxation in revenue collection
c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support
of cotton mill workers
ROWLATT ACT (1919) -
Passed by imperial Legislative despite
opposition from Indian members
Government got power to detain political
prisoners for two years without trial
It was intended to curb political activity by
Indians
Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil
disobedience movement starting with hartal
RESULTS -
Massive strike and shutdown of shops and
workshops
Local Amritsar leaders arrested
Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi
Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer
JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-
Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar
gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to
celebrate Baisakhi
General Dyer blocked the only exit and
ordered fire on the gathering that left
hundreds dead
RESULTS-
News of the tragedy spread strikes and
clashes with police began
Government suppressed and humiliated
protestors
Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah
movement
KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT-
Gandhiji intended to unite people especially
Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement
across India
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated
with khilafat committee discussed United
action on khilafat movement along with
Non-cooperation movement
STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-
Surrender of government titles
Boycott of civil services army police courts
Legislative councils and schools
Boycott of foreign goods
Mobilise popular support
DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-
Many within Congress opposed boycott of
council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru
formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress
Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with
compromise and adoption of Non-
cooperation movement
DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-
MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-
bull Middle class participation
bull Schools colleges courts boycotted
boycott of foreign clothes
bull Picketing of liquor shops
bull Harmed colonial economy
SLOWDOWN-
bull Khadi was expensive which poor people
could not afford
bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions
bull Students teachers lawyers joined back
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
The Director
Surya Coaching Classes
Sarabha Nagar
Chandigarh
Sub Enquiry about IIT-JEE Coaching classes
Dear Sir
This is with reference to your advertisement in the lsquoIndian Expressrsquo for IIT-JEE coaching
classes I have appeared for my class X examination from the CBSE and am awaiting my result
I am keen on joining your institute for the coaching classes Kindly furnish the following details
(i) Duration of the Course (ii) Timings and fee structure (iii) Eligibility criteria for the course (iv) No of students in a batch (v) Facility of evening or part time batches
(vi) Facility for transport (vii) Future prospect of the course
Let me know about the procedure of applying for the screening test and also the date of the test I
would also like to know the frequency of classes per week Information about the study materials
is also welcome along with a copy of the prospectus
I have heard that yours is a reputed institute and I would like to enroll as soon as possible Your
early response will enable me to decide fast
Thanking you
Yours sincerely
Hardeepak Singh
Q2 You want to visit Udaipur and two other cities of Rajasthan during the next summer
vacations Write a letter to the Director Rajasthan Tourism Jaipur enquiring about at least four
things that you consider important before you plan your visit You are Venkatesh Iyer living at 3
Anna Nagar Nambaccum Chennai
Ans Anna Nagar
Nambaccum
Chennai
March 5 2020
The Director
Rajasthan Tourism
Jaipur
Subject About Tourist Destination
Sir
We a party of about 20 students from Chennai have a plan to visit Rajasthan during the coming
summer vacation Since it will be our frst visit to North India we are a bit shaky Would you
please supply the following information at the earliest to enable us to finalize our tour
programme in time
Are the tourist secure from highwaymen the terrorist and the police highhandedness in
your state
Which places are worth-visiting
Does your department organize tours
Shall we get accommodation for a night halt at Rest Houses
What is the guarantee that we shall not be fleeced
An early reply is solicited
Yours sincerely
Venkatesh Iyer
Practice Questions
Q1 You intend to join coaching classes at International Coaching Center situated in Raipur The institute
specializes in teaching science to classes XI ndash XII Write a letter of inquiry in 100-120 words addressed to
the Administrator incharge of the institute seeking clarification about the timings duration staff
transport and other necessary details for joining the institute You are RajeshRajni 2 Library Road
Jabalpur
Q2 You are Secretary Students Council of ABC School Delhi You are organizing an excursion to Manali
Write a letter to the Director Tourism Department Manali asking to supply the information on the
terms and conditions of conducting excursion
Grammar section
Q1Read the conversation given below and complete the following paragraph
Reena I called you yesterday Where were you Arya I went to visit my grandmother Why did you call Reena I called to tell you that our results will be out next week Arya Are you sure Reena I saw the news in yesterdayrsquos newspaper
Reena told Arya that (a) and asked her where she had been Arya told her that (b)
grandmother and enquired (c)helliphelliphelliphellip Reena told her that she (d)
results would be out next week When Arya asked (e)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipReena told her (f) newspaper
Q2Read the following paragraph and edit it There is an error in each line Write the incorrect word and the correction against each blank in your answer sheet One has been done for you
Error correction
Educationist today are overwhelmingly ie a) Educationist Educationists
concern about the future of the youngsters b)helliphellip helliphelliphellip
The common complaint is students doesnrsquot c)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip
study they are not interested Some blames d)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip
exposure to the media others feel that the
present generation are not serious enough e)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip
The CBSE expresses this concern of f)helliphellip helliphelliphellip
reviewing the syllabus for time to time The g)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip
idea is to build a complete personality of an individual h)helliphellip helliphellip
ASSIGNMENT3 CLASS10 SUBJECTHINDI
ग गोवद सह पलक कल
बोकारो इपात नगर जनवत 5ब
वषय हद
का दसव
स 2020 -2021
पापतक कतका (भाग 2)
पाठ माता का अचल
लखक शवपजन सहाय
पाठ का साराश
तत पाठ म लखक शवपजन सहाय पाठक को यह बताना चाहत ह क सभी पता अपन बच स बहद यार करत ह उहसरा दान करत ह और उनक पालन पोषण हत धन कमान क लए कड़ी महनत करत ह लकन फर भी यार पता मा काथान कभी नह ल पात
बच अपन आपको कवल मा क गोद म ही सरत समझत ह यहा लखक इसी प को उजागर कर रह ह इस पाठ मलखक न यह बताया ह क वह बचपन स ही पता स ऐस जड़ गए थ क रात को सोना खाना खाना नहाना पजा-पाठ सबकछ वह पता क सग ही कया करत थ
लखक क चौड़ ललाट पर चमकत पड को दखकर उसक पता उस भोलाराम कह कर पकारत थ जबक लखक कावातवक नाम तारकर था कहत ह क रामायण पाठ करत समय जब वह दपण म अपना मख नहारत तो उस बड़ी शममहसस होती थी लखक का पता रोज रामायण का पाठ करत और 500 बार राम नाम लखत छोट-छोट कागज को आटक गोलय म लपटकर मछलय को खलात थ उस व भी अपन पता क कध पर सवार रहत रहत थ घर वापस आतसमय उसक पता उस पड़ पर बठाकर झला झलाया करत थ ऐस कई उदाहरण यहा पर लखक न दए ह जब कस कारलखक क पता उह खाना खलात परत लखक क मा को सतोष नह होता और वह कहती ह क बड़-बड़ कौर खलाओतभी इसक पट भरग इस पर पाठ म गाव म बच कस कार हसी ठठोली म अपन बचपन को गजारत ह कस कार वहतरह तरह क खल खलत ह इन सब का वणन ह
चबतर क कोन को नाटक घर चौक को रगमच कभी कान बनाकर कभी म क ढल पथर क टकड़ स लड पस औरबताश क खोमच बनात यह सार खल बच खलत ह बच मठाई क कान बढ़ा कर घरदा बनान लगत फर भी जवनारबनात तथा खद भी जमन बठ जात थ लखक अपन बचपन क खल क बार म बतात ए कहत ह क कभी-कभी वकनतर का बाजा अमोली क शहनाई और टट चह दानी क पालक बनाकर बराती बन जात लखक वय ही समधी बनकरबकर पर चढ़ जात बारात चबतर क कोन स सर कोन पर सज ए मडप तक जाती और फर वापस लौट आती इस कारक कई खल का वणन ह जहा पर गाव क बड़ बजग को चढ़ात तरह-तरह क गान गाकर
लखक अपन बचपन क एकऔर घटना का ज करत ए कहत ह क जब वह सब चह क बल म पानी डाल रह थ तभीउस बल स साप नकल आता ह और उस दखकर सभी दौड़न लगत ह गरत पड़त ललहान होत एक सर म रोत अपन-अपन घर म घस जात ह उनक पता बाहर उतार म बठकर का पी रह होत ह पर लखक उह अनसना कर मा क पास दौड़
जात ह और मा क आचल म मह छपा कर रोन लगत ह उह डरा आ दखकर उनक मा उह ढाढस बधाती ह उह सरादती ह और मा क म और सरा और शात क छाया लखक क मन को शात करती ह अथात लखक डर क मार मा कगोद म ही चपका रहता ह और यहा लखक यह बताना चाहत ह क जब जीवन म भयानक वप जीवन म डर भयमहसस होता ह तो को मा का आचल ही याद आती ह और मा क आचल जसी सरा और शात उस जीवन म नयाम कह नह मलती
ननलखत मयपरक क उर द (80 स 100 शद क बीच म)
१ भोलानाथ और उसक साथय क खल और खलन क सामी और आपक खल और खलन क सामी स कसकार भ ह प कर
२ पाठ म आए ऐस सग का वणन कजए जो आपक दल को छ गए
३ इस उपयास म ामीण सकत का चण ह ामीण सकत और शहरी सकत म आपको या अतर दखाईदता ह
४ माता का अचल शीषक क साथकता स कर
५ इस पाठ म माता पता का बच क त वासयका वणन आ ह उस अपन शद म लख
६ पाठ म योग कए गए आचलक शद क सची बनाए
७ पाठ म य कए गए आचलक तकबद जसका योग लखकऔर उनक म कया करत थ उनक सची बनाए
८ तत पाठ क आधार पर यह कहा जा सकता ह क बच अपन पता स अधक जड़ाव रखत ह फर भी वपदा कसमय पता क पास न जाकर मा क शरण लत ह आपक समझ स इसक या वजह होती ह हो सकती ह प कर
नोट
पाठ क साराश को लखन क आवयकता नह ह
सफ क उर कर इस काय को एक अलग कॉपी म कर
ाकरण पद परचय ( मशः)
१ या
परभाषा या व शद ह जनस कसी काय क होन या कए जान कसी घटना या या क घटत होन या कसी या वत क अवथा या थत का बोध होता ह
या क भद कम क आधार पर
या क दो भद होत ह
अकमक या
परभाषा वाय म जो या कम क अपा नह रखती वह अकमक या कहलाती ह
सकमक या
परभाषा वह या जो वाय म कम क अपा रखती ह अथात जनक योग म कम क आवयकता होती ह वहसकमक कया कह जाती ह
२ या वशषण
परभाषा जो या क वशषता बतात ह उह यावशषण कहत ह
या वशषण क चार भद ह
(क) रीतवाचक या वशषण
परभाषा जन या वशषण म या क घटत होन क वध का पता चलता ह रीतवाचक वशषण कहलात ह या आसानशद म कह क या कस घटत हो रही ह
(ख)थान वाचक या वशषण
परभाषा या क घटत होन क थान क वषय म बोध करान वाल या वशषण शद को थान वाचक या वशषणकहत ह या यह कह क या कहा घटत हो रही ह
(ग)काल वाचक या वशषण
परभाषा या क घटत होन क समय स सबध रखत ह वह काल वाचक या वशषण कहलात ह या यह कह क याकब घटत हो रही ह
(घ) परमाणवाचक या वशषण
परभाषा या वशषण क परमाण या माा स सबधत वशषता का पता चलता ह अथवा या कतनी याा घटत होरही ह उस परमाणवाचक वशषण कहत ह
३ सबधबोधक
सबधबोधक अय अवकारी शद ह जो सा या सवनाम क बाद य होकर वाय क अय सा या सवनाम शद कसाथ सबध का बोध करात ह
जस १ बच पताजी क साथ म ल गए ह
-------------------
२ मन घर क सामन कछ पड़ लगाए ह
--------------
३ पाक क चार ओर लोग इक हो गए ह
-------------------------
४ वह घर क भीतर घसा बठा ह
-----------------------
४ समचयबोधक
दो शद दो बध योजक वाय को जोड़न का काय करत ह
ऐस योजक शद को समचयबोधक कहा जाता ह
जस और तथा एव लकन मगर कतपरत इसलए इस कारण अतः य क ताक या अथवा चाह
५ वमयादबोधक
परभाषा वमयादबोधक शद व शद ह जो आय हष घणा ख पीड़ा आद मनोभाव का बोध करात ह
जस अर ओ हाय वाह शाबाश राम-राम तौबा तौबा ह राम इयाद (व सभी शद जो क साथ य होत ह)
६ नपात
परभाषा कछ अय शद वाय म कसी शद या पद क आग लगकर उसक अथ म वशष कार का बल दत ह
इह नपात कहत ह
जस ही आपको ही करना होगा यह काम
भी हम भी बाजार जाएग
तो वह तो जाएगा ही साथ म तम भी जाओग
तक वह मझस मलन तक नह आया
मा महनत मा स कछ नह होता ब क भी आवयकता होती ह
भर म उस जानता भर
ननलखत शद क पद परचय द
१ आजकल हमारा दश गत क माग पर बढ़ रहा ह
आजकल
हमारा
दश
बढ़ रहा ह
२ तम अनज क चाचा को चाय पलाओ
तम
अनज क
चाचा को
पलाओ
३हम तम तो इतना भी नह जानत क कटब का पालन कस कया जाता ह
हम
भी
नह
कटब
४ वालय जाकर तम कछ तो पढ़ोग
वालय
जाकर
कछ
पढ़ोग
५ रीना अपन पताजी क साथ दली गई और वहा उसन कतब मीनार दखा
मीना
क साथ
दली
पताजी
क़ तब मीनार
नोट ऊपर लख ए ाया को कॉपी म लखन क आवयकता नह ह
नीच दए गए अयास को मवार तरीक स कर
ाकरणऔर कतका क काय एक ही कॉपी म कर
कॉपी को दो भाग म बाट दपहल भाग म ाकरण और सर भाग म कतका क उर लख
₹₹
प लखन
औपचारक प का ाप
वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए दली परवहन नगम क महाबधक को प लख (ाप उदाहरण वप )
परीा भवन
नई दली
दनाक ३००४२०२० या 30 अल 2020
महाबधक
दली परवहन नगम
इथ टट
नई दली
वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए नवदन
महोदय
वन नवदन ह क यमना पार म सोसाइट इस समय हजार लोग स भरी ह तजी स इस का वकास आ ह औरलोग न यहा बसना श कर दया ह उतनी तजी स परवहन क वथा न हो पान क कारण क नवासय को मीलपदल चलकर मदर डरी क पास पाडव नगर क सामन स बस लनी पड़ती ह कछ बस जो मयर वहार स चलत ह उह पकड़नक लए भी र चलना पड़ता ह ऐस म छोट-छोट बच महलाऔर बजग को भारी असवधा का सामना करना पड़ता हआपस वन नवदन ह क आप हमार हमार स नह बस सवा आरभ कर ताक यहा क वाथय छोट बच महलाअभभावक एव कायालय जान वाल को असवधा ना हो
भवदय
कखग
ननलखत वषय पर प लख
१ चनाव क दन म कायकता घर वालय आद पर चनावी पोटर लगा जात ह इसस लोग को होन वाली असवधा परवचार करत ए कसी दनक समाचार प क सपादक को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म प लख
२ अपन म पड़ पौध क अनयत कटाई को रोकन क लए जला अधकारी को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म एक पलख
३ आपक म आए दन चोरया हो रही ह प ारा पलस कमर को इसक शकायत करत ए गत बढ़ान का अनरोधकरत ए 80 स 100 100 स शद म प लख
४ चक बक खो जान क सचना दत ए अपन बक क बधक को 80 स 100 शद म प लख
नोट सार प ऊपर दए ए ाप क अनप ही लख
इस काय को मवार ढग स ाकरण क कॉपी म कर
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Assignment - 3 Subject - Physics Class 10 Notes Chapter - Human Eye And The Colourful World Topic - Human Eye- Introduction Diagram of human eye
Name of
the part
Characteristic Function
Cornea Transparent spherical membrane
covering the front part of the eye
Light enters the eye through this
membrane Most of the refraction
happens here
Eye lens transparent biconvex structure in
the eye
provides finer adjustment
required to focus objects on the
retina
Iris Dark muscular diaphragm between
the cornea and the lens
controls the size of the pupil
Pupil An opening between the iris through
which light enters the eye
regulates the amount of light
entering the eye
Ciliary
Muscle
Attached to the eye lens hold the lens in position and
modify the curvature of the lens
and accommodate the focal
length
Retina light-sensitive surface of an eye
Which act as screen on which the
image is formed
generate signals which are
transmitted to the brain through
optical nerves
Optic
nerve
Attached to retina transmits visual information from
the retina to the brain
Power of Accommodation
The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called accommodation This is done by changing the curvature of the eye lens
The minimum distance at which objects can be seen most distinctly without strain is called near point of the eye It is 25 cm for a normal human eye
The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly is called the far point of the eye It is infinity for a normal eye
Various Defects of vision and their correction
1 Myopia or short sightedness 2 Hypermetropia or long sightedness 3 Presbiopia
Myopia Myopia It is also known as nearsightedness A person with myopia can see nearby objects
clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctly Itrsquos far point is nearer than infinity Image is formed before the retina in a myopic eye
Cause of Myopia - 1 excessive curvature of of the eye lens or 2 Elongation of the eye ball Correction- It can be corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power Here are the ray
diagrams for a myopic eye and its correction ndash
Assignment 3 1 What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye 2 Why ist the normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm 3 Write the function of a)iris b)ciliary muscle c) retina 4 What is the far piont and near point of the human eye with normal vision 5 The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem 6 What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye 7 A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row What could be the defect the child is suffering from How can it be corrected 8 What is myopia What are its causes and how it can be corrected Also show diagrams of defective eye and corrected eye 9 Name the light sensitive cells and write its function 10 What is the diameter of our eye
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Metals and Non-metals
Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as
differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements
can be classified into 3 groups -
Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth
Elements
Metals (they loose
electrons and
form positive ions)
Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg
Au
Metalloids
(show both
characteristics ndash
metallic as well as non-
metallic)
Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te
Non-metals (they
gain electrons and
form negative
ions)
Eg-C O Cl N H
He
Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals
Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table
bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)
bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)
Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions
(H+)
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical
Properties -
Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)
Most of the metals are malleable
They are non-malleable but brittle
Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)
Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)
They are non-ductile
Heat and electrical conductivity
Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity
Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity
Lustre (shiny appearance)
Metals are lustrous and can be polished
Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull
Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife
Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)
Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)
Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature
Melting point and Boiling point
Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)
Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)
Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo
Non-metals have low density (they are light)
Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)
Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous
Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)
Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless
Now you are in a state to answer the following -
Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical
Properties -
Chemical Properties
Metals Non-Metals
Reaction with oxygen (of air)
When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal
I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)
II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of
Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)
VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]
Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides
I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2
(g) [acidic]
How to know CO2 is acidic
CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)
VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)
Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all
bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature
bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature
Hence CO2 is acidic in nature
II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]
III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]
Reaction with water
Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas
I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]
II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)
III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)
VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all
Reaction with dilute acids
Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids
2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all
Reaction with salt solutions
A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)
A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution
Reaction with chlorine
Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds
bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]
bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]
bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)
bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)
Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)
Reaction with hydrogen
Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)
Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)
bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because
HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to
water
Now answer the following questions -
Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire
Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs
Uses of Metals -
bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current
bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and
factory equipment
bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels
bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries
Uses of Non-Metals -
bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee
bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for
making fertilizers
bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles
bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells
and dry cells
Answer the Following Questions -
1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This
compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be
a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron
2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch
a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals
b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-
metals
3)
a) What are amphoteric oxides
b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides
4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which
will not
5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen
6) Give reasons for the following
a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery
b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil
c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking
7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties
8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of
iron)
Answer the following Assertion based question
Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -
1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides
2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong
oxidizing agent
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Control and Coordination
All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the
environment around them
The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called
stimuli (singular is stimulus)
The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell
taste touch pressure force of gravity etc
The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of
their body part
Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub
Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil
(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves
So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms
The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system
and endocrine system involving hormones
But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous
system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli
Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic
manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination
ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM
The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)
takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system
Figure 3 Structure of Neuron
Human Nervous
System Neuron
Basic Unit
Types
Sensory Neuron
(Transmits
impulses from
sense organs (ear
skin etc) to
Central Nervous
System (CNS)
Motor Neuron (carries
impulses from brain and
spinal cord to effector
organs)
Relay Neuron
(occur in CNS
where they
serve as link
between other
neurons)
How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another
in the nervous system -
bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in
touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron
bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces
an electrical impulse in it
bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then
along to itrsquos axon
bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of
chemical substance into the synapse (gap)
bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the
dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on
Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a
particular set of neurons)
Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)
Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -
bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action
is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we
immediately remove our hand away from it
Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)
bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc
Figure 6 Reflex Arc
Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)
Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action
The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -
1 Human Brain -
Figure 9 Human brain
Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull
of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium
The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it
The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which
protects the brain from mechanical shocks
The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -
a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the
largest part of the brain
bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors
are present here
bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception
of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)
and muscular activities (frontal lobe)
bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves
b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the
other parts of the brain and spinal cord
bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk
in response to visual and auditory stimuli
c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata
bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body
movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc
bull Pons regulate respiration
bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart
beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as
swallowing coughing etc
2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral
column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord
bull It is also covered by meninges
bull It is the reflex centre of the body
Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions
How does the nervous tissue cause action
The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called
neuro-muscular junction
When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the
muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous
electrical impulses
New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus
bringing about movement in muscles
Figure 11 Neuromuscular function
Answer these MCQs -
1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash
a) Cell body
b) Axonal end
c) Dendritic end
d) Axon
2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -
a) Cell junction
b) Neuro-muscular junction
c) Neural joint
d) Synapse
Answer the following questions -
1) The brain is responsible for -
a) Thinking
b) Regulating the heart beat
c) Balancing the body
d) All of the above
2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors
do not work properly What problems are likely to arise
3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function
4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury
5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism
6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
ASSIGNMENT- 3
HISTORY
Chapter-3 STD10
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
MAIN TOPICS-
The first world war khilafat and non-
cooperation movement
Different stands within the movement
Towards civil disobedience
The sense of collective belonging
IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-
Created new economic and political
situation
Increase in defense expenditure
Increased custom duties and introduction of
income tax
Increased prices of commodities
Forced recruitment of villagers in army
Crop failure shortage of food
Spread of epidemic killing millions of people
IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-
Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea
of Satyagrah and Non-violence
Three experiments of Gandhiji with
Satyagrah
a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against
oppressive plantation system
b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding
relaxation in revenue collection
c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support
of cotton mill workers
ROWLATT ACT (1919) -
Passed by imperial Legislative despite
opposition from Indian members
Government got power to detain political
prisoners for two years without trial
It was intended to curb political activity by
Indians
Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil
disobedience movement starting with hartal
RESULTS -
Massive strike and shutdown of shops and
workshops
Local Amritsar leaders arrested
Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi
Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer
JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-
Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar
gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to
celebrate Baisakhi
General Dyer blocked the only exit and
ordered fire on the gathering that left
hundreds dead
RESULTS-
News of the tragedy spread strikes and
clashes with police began
Government suppressed and humiliated
protestors
Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah
movement
KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT-
Gandhiji intended to unite people especially
Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement
across India
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated
with khilafat committee discussed United
action on khilafat movement along with
Non-cooperation movement
STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-
Surrender of government titles
Boycott of civil services army police courts
Legislative councils and schools
Boycott of foreign goods
Mobilise popular support
DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-
Many within Congress opposed boycott of
council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru
formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress
Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with
compromise and adoption of Non-
cooperation movement
DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-
MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-
bull Middle class participation
bull Schools colleges courts boycotted
boycott of foreign clothes
bull Picketing of liquor shops
bull Harmed colonial economy
SLOWDOWN-
bull Khadi was expensive which poor people
could not afford
bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions
bull Students teachers lawyers joined back
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
Subject About Tourist Destination
Sir
We a party of about 20 students from Chennai have a plan to visit Rajasthan during the coming
summer vacation Since it will be our frst visit to North India we are a bit shaky Would you
please supply the following information at the earliest to enable us to finalize our tour
programme in time
Are the tourist secure from highwaymen the terrorist and the police highhandedness in
your state
Which places are worth-visiting
Does your department organize tours
Shall we get accommodation for a night halt at Rest Houses
What is the guarantee that we shall not be fleeced
An early reply is solicited
Yours sincerely
Venkatesh Iyer
Practice Questions
Q1 You intend to join coaching classes at International Coaching Center situated in Raipur The institute
specializes in teaching science to classes XI ndash XII Write a letter of inquiry in 100-120 words addressed to
the Administrator incharge of the institute seeking clarification about the timings duration staff
transport and other necessary details for joining the institute You are RajeshRajni 2 Library Road
Jabalpur
Q2 You are Secretary Students Council of ABC School Delhi You are organizing an excursion to Manali
Write a letter to the Director Tourism Department Manali asking to supply the information on the
terms and conditions of conducting excursion
Grammar section
Q1Read the conversation given below and complete the following paragraph
Reena I called you yesterday Where were you Arya I went to visit my grandmother Why did you call Reena I called to tell you that our results will be out next week Arya Are you sure Reena I saw the news in yesterdayrsquos newspaper
Reena told Arya that (a) and asked her where she had been Arya told her that (b)
grandmother and enquired (c)helliphelliphelliphellip Reena told her that she (d)
results would be out next week When Arya asked (e)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipReena told her (f) newspaper
Q2Read the following paragraph and edit it There is an error in each line Write the incorrect word and the correction against each blank in your answer sheet One has been done for you
Error correction
Educationist today are overwhelmingly ie a) Educationist Educationists
concern about the future of the youngsters b)helliphellip helliphelliphellip
The common complaint is students doesnrsquot c)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip
study they are not interested Some blames d)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip
exposure to the media others feel that the
present generation are not serious enough e)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip
The CBSE expresses this concern of f)helliphellip helliphelliphellip
reviewing the syllabus for time to time The g)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip
idea is to build a complete personality of an individual h)helliphellip helliphellip
ASSIGNMENT3 CLASS10 SUBJECTHINDI
ग गोवद सह पलक कल
बोकारो इपात नगर जनवत 5ब
वषय हद
का दसव
स 2020 -2021
पापतक कतका (भाग 2)
पाठ माता का अचल
लखक शवपजन सहाय
पाठ का साराश
तत पाठ म लखक शवपजन सहाय पाठक को यह बताना चाहत ह क सभी पता अपन बच स बहद यार करत ह उहसरा दान करत ह और उनक पालन पोषण हत धन कमान क लए कड़ी महनत करत ह लकन फर भी यार पता मा काथान कभी नह ल पात
बच अपन आपको कवल मा क गोद म ही सरत समझत ह यहा लखक इसी प को उजागर कर रह ह इस पाठ मलखक न यह बताया ह क वह बचपन स ही पता स ऐस जड़ गए थ क रात को सोना खाना खाना नहाना पजा-पाठ सबकछ वह पता क सग ही कया करत थ
लखक क चौड़ ललाट पर चमकत पड को दखकर उसक पता उस भोलाराम कह कर पकारत थ जबक लखक कावातवक नाम तारकर था कहत ह क रामायण पाठ करत समय जब वह दपण म अपना मख नहारत तो उस बड़ी शममहसस होती थी लखक का पता रोज रामायण का पाठ करत और 500 बार राम नाम लखत छोट-छोट कागज को आटक गोलय म लपटकर मछलय को खलात थ उस व भी अपन पता क कध पर सवार रहत रहत थ घर वापस आतसमय उसक पता उस पड़ पर बठाकर झला झलाया करत थ ऐस कई उदाहरण यहा पर लखक न दए ह जब कस कारलखक क पता उह खाना खलात परत लखक क मा को सतोष नह होता और वह कहती ह क बड़-बड़ कौर खलाओतभी इसक पट भरग इस पर पाठ म गाव म बच कस कार हसी ठठोली म अपन बचपन को गजारत ह कस कार वहतरह तरह क खल खलत ह इन सब का वणन ह
चबतर क कोन को नाटक घर चौक को रगमच कभी कान बनाकर कभी म क ढल पथर क टकड़ स लड पस औरबताश क खोमच बनात यह सार खल बच खलत ह बच मठाई क कान बढ़ा कर घरदा बनान लगत फर भी जवनारबनात तथा खद भी जमन बठ जात थ लखक अपन बचपन क खल क बार म बतात ए कहत ह क कभी-कभी वकनतर का बाजा अमोली क शहनाई और टट चह दानी क पालक बनाकर बराती बन जात लखक वय ही समधी बनकरबकर पर चढ़ जात बारात चबतर क कोन स सर कोन पर सज ए मडप तक जाती और फर वापस लौट आती इस कारक कई खल का वणन ह जहा पर गाव क बड़ बजग को चढ़ात तरह-तरह क गान गाकर
लखक अपन बचपन क एकऔर घटना का ज करत ए कहत ह क जब वह सब चह क बल म पानी डाल रह थ तभीउस बल स साप नकल आता ह और उस दखकर सभी दौड़न लगत ह गरत पड़त ललहान होत एक सर म रोत अपन-अपन घर म घस जात ह उनक पता बाहर उतार म बठकर का पी रह होत ह पर लखक उह अनसना कर मा क पास दौड़
जात ह और मा क आचल म मह छपा कर रोन लगत ह उह डरा आ दखकर उनक मा उह ढाढस बधाती ह उह सरादती ह और मा क म और सरा और शात क छाया लखक क मन को शात करती ह अथात लखक डर क मार मा कगोद म ही चपका रहता ह और यहा लखक यह बताना चाहत ह क जब जीवन म भयानक वप जीवन म डर भयमहसस होता ह तो को मा का आचल ही याद आती ह और मा क आचल जसी सरा और शात उस जीवन म नयाम कह नह मलती
ननलखत मयपरक क उर द (80 स 100 शद क बीच म)
१ भोलानाथ और उसक साथय क खल और खलन क सामी और आपक खल और खलन क सामी स कसकार भ ह प कर
२ पाठ म आए ऐस सग का वणन कजए जो आपक दल को छ गए
३ इस उपयास म ामीण सकत का चण ह ामीण सकत और शहरी सकत म आपको या अतर दखाईदता ह
४ माता का अचल शीषक क साथकता स कर
५ इस पाठ म माता पता का बच क त वासयका वणन आ ह उस अपन शद म लख
६ पाठ म योग कए गए आचलक शद क सची बनाए
७ पाठ म य कए गए आचलक तकबद जसका योग लखकऔर उनक म कया करत थ उनक सची बनाए
८ तत पाठ क आधार पर यह कहा जा सकता ह क बच अपन पता स अधक जड़ाव रखत ह फर भी वपदा कसमय पता क पास न जाकर मा क शरण लत ह आपक समझ स इसक या वजह होती ह हो सकती ह प कर
नोट
पाठ क साराश को लखन क आवयकता नह ह
सफ क उर कर इस काय को एक अलग कॉपी म कर
ाकरण पद परचय ( मशः)
१ या
परभाषा या व शद ह जनस कसी काय क होन या कए जान कसी घटना या या क घटत होन या कसी या वत क अवथा या थत का बोध होता ह
या क भद कम क आधार पर
या क दो भद होत ह
अकमक या
परभाषा वाय म जो या कम क अपा नह रखती वह अकमक या कहलाती ह
सकमक या
परभाषा वह या जो वाय म कम क अपा रखती ह अथात जनक योग म कम क आवयकता होती ह वहसकमक कया कह जाती ह
२ या वशषण
परभाषा जो या क वशषता बतात ह उह यावशषण कहत ह
या वशषण क चार भद ह
(क) रीतवाचक या वशषण
परभाषा जन या वशषण म या क घटत होन क वध का पता चलता ह रीतवाचक वशषण कहलात ह या आसानशद म कह क या कस घटत हो रही ह
(ख)थान वाचक या वशषण
परभाषा या क घटत होन क थान क वषय म बोध करान वाल या वशषण शद को थान वाचक या वशषणकहत ह या यह कह क या कहा घटत हो रही ह
(ग)काल वाचक या वशषण
परभाषा या क घटत होन क समय स सबध रखत ह वह काल वाचक या वशषण कहलात ह या यह कह क याकब घटत हो रही ह
(घ) परमाणवाचक या वशषण
परभाषा या वशषण क परमाण या माा स सबधत वशषता का पता चलता ह अथवा या कतनी याा घटत होरही ह उस परमाणवाचक वशषण कहत ह
३ सबधबोधक
सबधबोधक अय अवकारी शद ह जो सा या सवनाम क बाद य होकर वाय क अय सा या सवनाम शद कसाथ सबध का बोध करात ह
जस १ बच पताजी क साथ म ल गए ह
-------------------
२ मन घर क सामन कछ पड़ लगाए ह
--------------
३ पाक क चार ओर लोग इक हो गए ह
-------------------------
४ वह घर क भीतर घसा बठा ह
-----------------------
४ समचयबोधक
दो शद दो बध योजक वाय को जोड़न का काय करत ह
ऐस योजक शद को समचयबोधक कहा जाता ह
जस और तथा एव लकन मगर कतपरत इसलए इस कारण अतः य क ताक या अथवा चाह
५ वमयादबोधक
परभाषा वमयादबोधक शद व शद ह जो आय हष घणा ख पीड़ा आद मनोभाव का बोध करात ह
जस अर ओ हाय वाह शाबाश राम-राम तौबा तौबा ह राम इयाद (व सभी शद जो क साथ य होत ह)
६ नपात
परभाषा कछ अय शद वाय म कसी शद या पद क आग लगकर उसक अथ म वशष कार का बल दत ह
इह नपात कहत ह
जस ही आपको ही करना होगा यह काम
भी हम भी बाजार जाएग
तो वह तो जाएगा ही साथ म तम भी जाओग
तक वह मझस मलन तक नह आया
मा महनत मा स कछ नह होता ब क भी आवयकता होती ह
भर म उस जानता भर
ननलखत शद क पद परचय द
१ आजकल हमारा दश गत क माग पर बढ़ रहा ह
आजकल
हमारा
दश
बढ़ रहा ह
२ तम अनज क चाचा को चाय पलाओ
तम
अनज क
चाचा को
पलाओ
३हम तम तो इतना भी नह जानत क कटब का पालन कस कया जाता ह
हम
भी
नह
कटब
४ वालय जाकर तम कछ तो पढ़ोग
वालय
जाकर
कछ
पढ़ोग
५ रीना अपन पताजी क साथ दली गई और वहा उसन कतब मीनार दखा
मीना
क साथ
दली
पताजी
क़ तब मीनार
नोट ऊपर लख ए ाया को कॉपी म लखन क आवयकता नह ह
नीच दए गए अयास को मवार तरीक स कर
ाकरणऔर कतका क काय एक ही कॉपी म कर
कॉपी को दो भाग म बाट दपहल भाग म ाकरण और सर भाग म कतका क उर लख
₹₹
प लखन
औपचारक प का ाप
वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए दली परवहन नगम क महाबधक को प लख (ाप उदाहरण वप )
परीा भवन
नई दली
दनाक ३००४२०२० या 30 अल 2020
महाबधक
दली परवहन नगम
इथ टट
नई दली
वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए नवदन
महोदय
वन नवदन ह क यमना पार म सोसाइट इस समय हजार लोग स भरी ह तजी स इस का वकास आ ह औरलोग न यहा बसना श कर दया ह उतनी तजी स परवहन क वथा न हो पान क कारण क नवासय को मीलपदल चलकर मदर डरी क पास पाडव नगर क सामन स बस लनी पड़ती ह कछ बस जो मयर वहार स चलत ह उह पकड़नक लए भी र चलना पड़ता ह ऐस म छोट-छोट बच महलाऔर बजग को भारी असवधा का सामना करना पड़ता हआपस वन नवदन ह क आप हमार हमार स नह बस सवा आरभ कर ताक यहा क वाथय छोट बच महलाअभभावक एव कायालय जान वाल को असवधा ना हो
भवदय
कखग
ननलखत वषय पर प लख
१ चनाव क दन म कायकता घर वालय आद पर चनावी पोटर लगा जात ह इसस लोग को होन वाली असवधा परवचार करत ए कसी दनक समाचार प क सपादक को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म प लख
२ अपन म पड़ पौध क अनयत कटाई को रोकन क लए जला अधकारी को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म एक पलख
३ आपक म आए दन चोरया हो रही ह प ारा पलस कमर को इसक शकायत करत ए गत बढ़ान का अनरोधकरत ए 80 स 100 100 स शद म प लख
४ चक बक खो जान क सचना दत ए अपन बक क बधक को 80 स 100 शद म प लख
नोट सार प ऊपर दए ए ाप क अनप ही लख
इस काय को मवार ढग स ाकरण क कॉपी म कर
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Assignment - 3 Subject - Physics Class 10 Notes Chapter - Human Eye And The Colourful World Topic - Human Eye- Introduction Diagram of human eye
Name of
the part
Characteristic Function
Cornea Transparent spherical membrane
covering the front part of the eye
Light enters the eye through this
membrane Most of the refraction
happens here
Eye lens transparent biconvex structure in
the eye
provides finer adjustment
required to focus objects on the
retina
Iris Dark muscular diaphragm between
the cornea and the lens
controls the size of the pupil
Pupil An opening between the iris through
which light enters the eye
regulates the amount of light
entering the eye
Ciliary
Muscle
Attached to the eye lens hold the lens in position and
modify the curvature of the lens
and accommodate the focal
length
Retina light-sensitive surface of an eye
Which act as screen on which the
image is formed
generate signals which are
transmitted to the brain through
optical nerves
Optic
nerve
Attached to retina transmits visual information from
the retina to the brain
Power of Accommodation
The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called accommodation This is done by changing the curvature of the eye lens
The minimum distance at which objects can be seen most distinctly without strain is called near point of the eye It is 25 cm for a normal human eye
The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly is called the far point of the eye It is infinity for a normal eye
Various Defects of vision and their correction
1 Myopia or short sightedness 2 Hypermetropia or long sightedness 3 Presbiopia
Myopia Myopia It is also known as nearsightedness A person with myopia can see nearby objects
clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctly Itrsquos far point is nearer than infinity Image is formed before the retina in a myopic eye
Cause of Myopia - 1 excessive curvature of of the eye lens or 2 Elongation of the eye ball Correction- It can be corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power Here are the ray
diagrams for a myopic eye and its correction ndash
Assignment 3 1 What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye 2 Why ist the normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm 3 Write the function of a)iris b)ciliary muscle c) retina 4 What is the far piont and near point of the human eye with normal vision 5 The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem 6 What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye 7 A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row What could be the defect the child is suffering from How can it be corrected 8 What is myopia What are its causes and how it can be corrected Also show diagrams of defective eye and corrected eye 9 Name the light sensitive cells and write its function 10 What is the diameter of our eye
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Metals and Non-metals
Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as
differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements
can be classified into 3 groups -
Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth
Elements
Metals (they loose
electrons and
form positive ions)
Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg
Au
Metalloids
(show both
characteristics ndash
metallic as well as non-
metallic)
Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te
Non-metals (they
gain electrons and
form negative
ions)
Eg-C O Cl N H
He
Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals
Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table
bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)
bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)
Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions
(H+)
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical
Properties -
Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)
Most of the metals are malleable
They are non-malleable but brittle
Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)
Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)
They are non-ductile
Heat and electrical conductivity
Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity
Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity
Lustre (shiny appearance)
Metals are lustrous and can be polished
Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull
Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife
Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)
Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)
Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature
Melting point and Boiling point
Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)
Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)
Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo
Non-metals have low density (they are light)
Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)
Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous
Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)
Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless
Now you are in a state to answer the following -
Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical
Properties -
Chemical Properties
Metals Non-Metals
Reaction with oxygen (of air)
When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal
I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)
II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of
Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)
VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]
Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides
I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2
(g) [acidic]
How to know CO2 is acidic
CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)
VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)
Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all
bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature
bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature
Hence CO2 is acidic in nature
II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]
III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]
Reaction with water
Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas
I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]
II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)
III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)
VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all
Reaction with dilute acids
Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids
2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all
Reaction with salt solutions
A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)
A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution
Reaction with chlorine
Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds
bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]
bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]
bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)
bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)
Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)
Reaction with hydrogen
Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)
Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)
bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because
HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to
water
Now answer the following questions -
Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire
Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs
Uses of Metals -
bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current
bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and
factory equipment
bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels
bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries
Uses of Non-Metals -
bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee
bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for
making fertilizers
bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles
bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells
and dry cells
Answer the Following Questions -
1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This
compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be
a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron
2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch
a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals
b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-
metals
3)
a) What are amphoteric oxides
b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides
4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which
will not
5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen
6) Give reasons for the following
a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery
b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil
c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking
7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties
8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of
iron)
Answer the following Assertion based question
Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -
1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides
2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong
oxidizing agent
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Control and Coordination
All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the
environment around them
The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called
stimuli (singular is stimulus)
The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell
taste touch pressure force of gravity etc
The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of
their body part
Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub
Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil
(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves
So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms
The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system
and endocrine system involving hormones
But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous
system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli
Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic
manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination
ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM
The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)
takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system
Figure 3 Structure of Neuron
Human Nervous
System Neuron
Basic Unit
Types
Sensory Neuron
(Transmits
impulses from
sense organs (ear
skin etc) to
Central Nervous
System (CNS)
Motor Neuron (carries
impulses from brain and
spinal cord to effector
organs)
Relay Neuron
(occur in CNS
where they
serve as link
between other
neurons)
How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another
in the nervous system -
bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in
touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron
bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces
an electrical impulse in it
bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then
along to itrsquos axon
bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of
chemical substance into the synapse (gap)
bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the
dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on
Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a
particular set of neurons)
Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)
Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -
bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action
is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we
immediately remove our hand away from it
Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)
bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc
Figure 6 Reflex Arc
Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)
Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action
The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -
1 Human Brain -
Figure 9 Human brain
Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull
of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium
The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it
The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which
protects the brain from mechanical shocks
The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -
a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the
largest part of the brain
bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors
are present here
bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception
of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)
and muscular activities (frontal lobe)
bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves
b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the
other parts of the brain and spinal cord
bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk
in response to visual and auditory stimuli
c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata
bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body
movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc
bull Pons regulate respiration
bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart
beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as
swallowing coughing etc
2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral
column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord
bull It is also covered by meninges
bull It is the reflex centre of the body
Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions
How does the nervous tissue cause action
The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called
neuro-muscular junction
When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the
muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous
electrical impulses
New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus
bringing about movement in muscles
Figure 11 Neuromuscular function
Answer these MCQs -
1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash
a) Cell body
b) Axonal end
c) Dendritic end
d) Axon
2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -
a) Cell junction
b) Neuro-muscular junction
c) Neural joint
d) Synapse
Answer the following questions -
1) The brain is responsible for -
a) Thinking
b) Regulating the heart beat
c) Balancing the body
d) All of the above
2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors
do not work properly What problems are likely to arise
3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function
4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury
5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism
6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
ASSIGNMENT- 3
HISTORY
Chapter-3 STD10
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
MAIN TOPICS-
The first world war khilafat and non-
cooperation movement
Different stands within the movement
Towards civil disobedience
The sense of collective belonging
IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-
Created new economic and political
situation
Increase in defense expenditure
Increased custom duties and introduction of
income tax
Increased prices of commodities
Forced recruitment of villagers in army
Crop failure shortage of food
Spread of epidemic killing millions of people
IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-
Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea
of Satyagrah and Non-violence
Three experiments of Gandhiji with
Satyagrah
a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against
oppressive plantation system
b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding
relaxation in revenue collection
c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support
of cotton mill workers
ROWLATT ACT (1919) -
Passed by imperial Legislative despite
opposition from Indian members
Government got power to detain political
prisoners for two years without trial
It was intended to curb political activity by
Indians
Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil
disobedience movement starting with hartal
RESULTS -
Massive strike and shutdown of shops and
workshops
Local Amritsar leaders arrested
Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi
Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer
JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-
Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar
gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to
celebrate Baisakhi
General Dyer blocked the only exit and
ordered fire on the gathering that left
hundreds dead
RESULTS-
News of the tragedy spread strikes and
clashes with police began
Government suppressed and humiliated
protestors
Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah
movement
KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT-
Gandhiji intended to unite people especially
Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement
across India
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated
with khilafat committee discussed United
action on khilafat movement along with
Non-cooperation movement
STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-
Surrender of government titles
Boycott of civil services army police courts
Legislative councils and schools
Boycott of foreign goods
Mobilise popular support
DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-
Many within Congress opposed boycott of
council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru
formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress
Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with
compromise and adoption of Non-
cooperation movement
DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-
MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-
bull Middle class participation
bull Schools colleges courts boycotted
boycott of foreign clothes
bull Picketing of liquor shops
bull Harmed colonial economy
SLOWDOWN-
bull Khadi was expensive which poor people
could not afford
bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions
bull Students teachers lawyers joined back
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
grandmother and enquired (c)helliphelliphelliphellip Reena told her that she (d)
results would be out next week When Arya asked (e)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipReena told her (f) newspaper
Q2Read the following paragraph and edit it There is an error in each line Write the incorrect word and the correction against each blank in your answer sheet One has been done for you
Error correction
Educationist today are overwhelmingly ie a) Educationist Educationists
concern about the future of the youngsters b)helliphellip helliphelliphellip
The common complaint is students doesnrsquot c)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip
study they are not interested Some blames d)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip
exposure to the media others feel that the
present generation are not serious enough e)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip
The CBSE expresses this concern of f)helliphellip helliphelliphellip
reviewing the syllabus for time to time The g)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip
idea is to build a complete personality of an individual h)helliphellip helliphellip
ASSIGNMENT3 CLASS10 SUBJECTHINDI
ग गोवद सह पलक कल
बोकारो इपात नगर जनवत 5ब
वषय हद
का दसव
स 2020 -2021
पापतक कतका (भाग 2)
पाठ माता का अचल
लखक शवपजन सहाय
पाठ का साराश
तत पाठ म लखक शवपजन सहाय पाठक को यह बताना चाहत ह क सभी पता अपन बच स बहद यार करत ह उहसरा दान करत ह और उनक पालन पोषण हत धन कमान क लए कड़ी महनत करत ह लकन फर भी यार पता मा काथान कभी नह ल पात
बच अपन आपको कवल मा क गोद म ही सरत समझत ह यहा लखक इसी प को उजागर कर रह ह इस पाठ मलखक न यह बताया ह क वह बचपन स ही पता स ऐस जड़ गए थ क रात को सोना खाना खाना नहाना पजा-पाठ सबकछ वह पता क सग ही कया करत थ
लखक क चौड़ ललाट पर चमकत पड को दखकर उसक पता उस भोलाराम कह कर पकारत थ जबक लखक कावातवक नाम तारकर था कहत ह क रामायण पाठ करत समय जब वह दपण म अपना मख नहारत तो उस बड़ी शममहसस होती थी लखक का पता रोज रामायण का पाठ करत और 500 बार राम नाम लखत छोट-छोट कागज को आटक गोलय म लपटकर मछलय को खलात थ उस व भी अपन पता क कध पर सवार रहत रहत थ घर वापस आतसमय उसक पता उस पड़ पर बठाकर झला झलाया करत थ ऐस कई उदाहरण यहा पर लखक न दए ह जब कस कारलखक क पता उह खाना खलात परत लखक क मा को सतोष नह होता और वह कहती ह क बड़-बड़ कौर खलाओतभी इसक पट भरग इस पर पाठ म गाव म बच कस कार हसी ठठोली म अपन बचपन को गजारत ह कस कार वहतरह तरह क खल खलत ह इन सब का वणन ह
चबतर क कोन को नाटक घर चौक को रगमच कभी कान बनाकर कभी म क ढल पथर क टकड़ स लड पस औरबताश क खोमच बनात यह सार खल बच खलत ह बच मठाई क कान बढ़ा कर घरदा बनान लगत फर भी जवनारबनात तथा खद भी जमन बठ जात थ लखक अपन बचपन क खल क बार म बतात ए कहत ह क कभी-कभी वकनतर का बाजा अमोली क शहनाई और टट चह दानी क पालक बनाकर बराती बन जात लखक वय ही समधी बनकरबकर पर चढ़ जात बारात चबतर क कोन स सर कोन पर सज ए मडप तक जाती और फर वापस लौट आती इस कारक कई खल का वणन ह जहा पर गाव क बड़ बजग को चढ़ात तरह-तरह क गान गाकर
लखक अपन बचपन क एकऔर घटना का ज करत ए कहत ह क जब वह सब चह क बल म पानी डाल रह थ तभीउस बल स साप नकल आता ह और उस दखकर सभी दौड़न लगत ह गरत पड़त ललहान होत एक सर म रोत अपन-अपन घर म घस जात ह उनक पता बाहर उतार म बठकर का पी रह होत ह पर लखक उह अनसना कर मा क पास दौड़
जात ह और मा क आचल म मह छपा कर रोन लगत ह उह डरा आ दखकर उनक मा उह ढाढस बधाती ह उह सरादती ह और मा क म और सरा और शात क छाया लखक क मन को शात करती ह अथात लखक डर क मार मा कगोद म ही चपका रहता ह और यहा लखक यह बताना चाहत ह क जब जीवन म भयानक वप जीवन म डर भयमहसस होता ह तो को मा का आचल ही याद आती ह और मा क आचल जसी सरा और शात उस जीवन म नयाम कह नह मलती
ननलखत मयपरक क उर द (80 स 100 शद क बीच म)
१ भोलानाथ और उसक साथय क खल और खलन क सामी और आपक खल और खलन क सामी स कसकार भ ह प कर
२ पाठ म आए ऐस सग का वणन कजए जो आपक दल को छ गए
३ इस उपयास म ामीण सकत का चण ह ामीण सकत और शहरी सकत म आपको या अतर दखाईदता ह
४ माता का अचल शीषक क साथकता स कर
५ इस पाठ म माता पता का बच क त वासयका वणन आ ह उस अपन शद म लख
६ पाठ म योग कए गए आचलक शद क सची बनाए
७ पाठ म य कए गए आचलक तकबद जसका योग लखकऔर उनक म कया करत थ उनक सची बनाए
८ तत पाठ क आधार पर यह कहा जा सकता ह क बच अपन पता स अधक जड़ाव रखत ह फर भी वपदा कसमय पता क पास न जाकर मा क शरण लत ह आपक समझ स इसक या वजह होती ह हो सकती ह प कर
नोट
पाठ क साराश को लखन क आवयकता नह ह
सफ क उर कर इस काय को एक अलग कॉपी म कर
ाकरण पद परचय ( मशः)
१ या
परभाषा या व शद ह जनस कसी काय क होन या कए जान कसी घटना या या क घटत होन या कसी या वत क अवथा या थत का बोध होता ह
या क भद कम क आधार पर
या क दो भद होत ह
अकमक या
परभाषा वाय म जो या कम क अपा नह रखती वह अकमक या कहलाती ह
सकमक या
परभाषा वह या जो वाय म कम क अपा रखती ह अथात जनक योग म कम क आवयकता होती ह वहसकमक कया कह जाती ह
२ या वशषण
परभाषा जो या क वशषता बतात ह उह यावशषण कहत ह
या वशषण क चार भद ह
(क) रीतवाचक या वशषण
परभाषा जन या वशषण म या क घटत होन क वध का पता चलता ह रीतवाचक वशषण कहलात ह या आसानशद म कह क या कस घटत हो रही ह
(ख)थान वाचक या वशषण
परभाषा या क घटत होन क थान क वषय म बोध करान वाल या वशषण शद को थान वाचक या वशषणकहत ह या यह कह क या कहा घटत हो रही ह
(ग)काल वाचक या वशषण
परभाषा या क घटत होन क समय स सबध रखत ह वह काल वाचक या वशषण कहलात ह या यह कह क याकब घटत हो रही ह
(घ) परमाणवाचक या वशषण
परभाषा या वशषण क परमाण या माा स सबधत वशषता का पता चलता ह अथवा या कतनी याा घटत होरही ह उस परमाणवाचक वशषण कहत ह
३ सबधबोधक
सबधबोधक अय अवकारी शद ह जो सा या सवनाम क बाद य होकर वाय क अय सा या सवनाम शद कसाथ सबध का बोध करात ह
जस १ बच पताजी क साथ म ल गए ह
-------------------
२ मन घर क सामन कछ पड़ लगाए ह
--------------
३ पाक क चार ओर लोग इक हो गए ह
-------------------------
४ वह घर क भीतर घसा बठा ह
-----------------------
४ समचयबोधक
दो शद दो बध योजक वाय को जोड़न का काय करत ह
ऐस योजक शद को समचयबोधक कहा जाता ह
जस और तथा एव लकन मगर कतपरत इसलए इस कारण अतः य क ताक या अथवा चाह
५ वमयादबोधक
परभाषा वमयादबोधक शद व शद ह जो आय हष घणा ख पीड़ा आद मनोभाव का बोध करात ह
जस अर ओ हाय वाह शाबाश राम-राम तौबा तौबा ह राम इयाद (व सभी शद जो क साथ य होत ह)
६ नपात
परभाषा कछ अय शद वाय म कसी शद या पद क आग लगकर उसक अथ म वशष कार का बल दत ह
इह नपात कहत ह
जस ही आपको ही करना होगा यह काम
भी हम भी बाजार जाएग
तो वह तो जाएगा ही साथ म तम भी जाओग
तक वह मझस मलन तक नह आया
मा महनत मा स कछ नह होता ब क भी आवयकता होती ह
भर म उस जानता भर
ननलखत शद क पद परचय द
१ आजकल हमारा दश गत क माग पर बढ़ रहा ह
आजकल
हमारा
दश
बढ़ रहा ह
२ तम अनज क चाचा को चाय पलाओ
तम
अनज क
चाचा को
पलाओ
३हम तम तो इतना भी नह जानत क कटब का पालन कस कया जाता ह
हम
भी
नह
कटब
४ वालय जाकर तम कछ तो पढ़ोग
वालय
जाकर
कछ
पढ़ोग
५ रीना अपन पताजी क साथ दली गई और वहा उसन कतब मीनार दखा
मीना
क साथ
दली
पताजी
क़ तब मीनार
नोट ऊपर लख ए ाया को कॉपी म लखन क आवयकता नह ह
नीच दए गए अयास को मवार तरीक स कर
ाकरणऔर कतका क काय एक ही कॉपी म कर
कॉपी को दो भाग म बाट दपहल भाग म ाकरण और सर भाग म कतका क उर लख
₹₹
प लखन
औपचारक प का ाप
वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए दली परवहन नगम क महाबधक को प लख (ाप उदाहरण वप )
परीा भवन
नई दली
दनाक ३००४२०२० या 30 अल 2020
महाबधक
दली परवहन नगम
इथ टट
नई दली
वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए नवदन
महोदय
वन नवदन ह क यमना पार म सोसाइट इस समय हजार लोग स भरी ह तजी स इस का वकास आ ह औरलोग न यहा बसना श कर दया ह उतनी तजी स परवहन क वथा न हो पान क कारण क नवासय को मीलपदल चलकर मदर डरी क पास पाडव नगर क सामन स बस लनी पड़ती ह कछ बस जो मयर वहार स चलत ह उह पकड़नक लए भी र चलना पड़ता ह ऐस म छोट-छोट बच महलाऔर बजग को भारी असवधा का सामना करना पड़ता हआपस वन नवदन ह क आप हमार हमार स नह बस सवा आरभ कर ताक यहा क वाथय छोट बच महलाअभभावक एव कायालय जान वाल को असवधा ना हो
भवदय
कखग
ननलखत वषय पर प लख
१ चनाव क दन म कायकता घर वालय आद पर चनावी पोटर लगा जात ह इसस लोग को होन वाली असवधा परवचार करत ए कसी दनक समाचार प क सपादक को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म प लख
२ अपन म पड़ पौध क अनयत कटाई को रोकन क लए जला अधकारी को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म एक पलख
३ आपक म आए दन चोरया हो रही ह प ारा पलस कमर को इसक शकायत करत ए गत बढ़ान का अनरोधकरत ए 80 स 100 100 स शद म प लख
४ चक बक खो जान क सचना दत ए अपन बक क बधक को 80 स 100 शद म प लख
नोट सार प ऊपर दए ए ाप क अनप ही लख
इस काय को मवार ढग स ाकरण क कॉपी म कर
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Assignment - 3 Subject - Physics Class 10 Notes Chapter - Human Eye And The Colourful World Topic - Human Eye- Introduction Diagram of human eye
Name of
the part
Characteristic Function
Cornea Transparent spherical membrane
covering the front part of the eye
Light enters the eye through this
membrane Most of the refraction
happens here
Eye lens transparent biconvex structure in
the eye
provides finer adjustment
required to focus objects on the
retina
Iris Dark muscular diaphragm between
the cornea and the lens
controls the size of the pupil
Pupil An opening between the iris through
which light enters the eye
regulates the amount of light
entering the eye
Ciliary
Muscle
Attached to the eye lens hold the lens in position and
modify the curvature of the lens
and accommodate the focal
length
Retina light-sensitive surface of an eye
Which act as screen on which the
image is formed
generate signals which are
transmitted to the brain through
optical nerves
Optic
nerve
Attached to retina transmits visual information from
the retina to the brain
Power of Accommodation
The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called accommodation This is done by changing the curvature of the eye lens
The minimum distance at which objects can be seen most distinctly without strain is called near point of the eye It is 25 cm for a normal human eye
The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly is called the far point of the eye It is infinity for a normal eye
Various Defects of vision and their correction
1 Myopia or short sightedness 2 Hypermetropia or long sightedness 3 Presbiopia
Myopia Myopia It is also known as nearsightedness A person with myopia can see nearby objects
clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctly Itrsquos far point is nearer than infinity Image is formed before the retina in a myopic eye
Cause of Myopia - 1 excessive curvature of of the eye lens or 2 Elongation of the eye ball Correction- It can be corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power Here are the ray
diagrams for a myopic eye and its correction ndash
Assignment 3 1 What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye 2 Why ist the normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm 3 Write the function of a)iris b)ciliary muscle c) retina 4 What is the far piont and near point of the human eye with normal vision 5 The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem 6 What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye 7 A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row What could be the defect the child is suffering from How can it be corrected 8 What is myopia What are its causes and how it can be corrected Also show diagrams of defective eye and corrected eye 9 Name the light sensitive cells and write its function 10 What is the diameter of our eye
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Metals and Non-metals
Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as
differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements
can be classified into 3 groups -
Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth
Elements
Metals (they loose
electrons and
form positive ions)
Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg
Au
Metalloids
(show both
characteristics ndash
metallic as well as non-
metallic)
Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te
Non-metals (they
gain electrons and
form negative
ions)
Eg-C O Cl N H
He
Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals
Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table
bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)
bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)
Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions
(H+)
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical
Properties -
Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)
Most of the metals are malleable
They are non-malleable but brittle
Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)
Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)
They are non-ductile
Heat and electrical conductivity
Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity
Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity
Lustre (shiny appearance)
Metals are lustrous and can be polished
Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull
Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife
Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)
Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)
Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature
Melting point and Boiling point
Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)
Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)
Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo
Non-metals have low density (they are light)
Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)
Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous
Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)
Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless
Now you are in a state to answer the following -
Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical
Properties -
Chemical Properties
Metals Non-Metals
Reaction with oxygen (of air)
When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal
I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)
II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of
Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)
VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]
Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides
I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2
(g) [acidic]
How to know CO2 is acidic
CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)
VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)
Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all
bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature
bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature
Hence CO2 is acidic in nature
II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]
III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]
Reaction with water
Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas
I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]
II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)
III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)
VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all
Reaction with dilute acids
Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids
2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all
Reaction with salt solutions
A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)
A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution
Reaction with chlorine
Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds
bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]
bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]
bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)
bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)
Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)
Reaction with hydrogen
Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)
Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)
bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because
HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to
water
Now answer the following questions -
Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire
Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs
Uses of Metals -
bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current
bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and
factory equipment
bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels
bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries
Uses of Non-Metals -
bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee
bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for
making fertilizers
bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles
bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells
and dry cells
Answer the Following Questions -
1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This
compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be
a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron
2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch
a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals
b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-
metals
3)
a) What are amphoteric oxides
b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides
4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which
will not
5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen
6) Give reasons for the following
a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery
b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil
c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking
7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties
8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of
iron)
Answer the following Assertion based question
Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -
1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides
2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong
oxidizing agent
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Control and Coordination
All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the
environment around them
The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called
stimuli (singular is stimulus)
The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell
taste touch pressure force of gravity etc
The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of
their body part
Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub
Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil
(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves
So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms
The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system
and endocrine system involving hormones
But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous
system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli
Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic
manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination
ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM
The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)
takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system
Figure 3 Structure of Neuron
Human Nervous
System Neuron
Basic Unit
Types
Sensory Neuron
(Transmits
impulses from
sense organs (ear
skin etc) to
Central Nervous
System (CNS)
Motor Neuron (carries
impulses from brain and
spinal cord to effector
organs)
Relay Neuron
(occur in CNS
where they
serve as link
between other
neurons)
How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another
in the nervous system -
bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in
touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron
bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces
an electrical impulse in it
bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then
along to itrsquos axon
bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of
chemical substance into the synapse (gap)
bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the
dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on
Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a
particular set of neurons)
Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)
Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -
bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action
is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we
immediately remove our hand away from it
Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)
bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc
Figure 6 Reflex Arc
Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)
Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action
The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -
1 Human Brain -
Figure 9 Human brain
Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull
of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium
The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it
The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which
protects the brain from mechanical shocks
The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -
a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the
largest part of the brain
bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors
are present here
bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception
of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)
and muscular activities (frontal lobe)
bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves
b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the
other parts of the brain and spinal cord
bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk
in response to visual and auditory stimuli
c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata
bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body
movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc
bull Pons regulate respiration
bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart
beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as
swallowing coughing etc
2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral
column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord
bull It is also covered by meninges
bull It is the reflex centre of the body
Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions
How does the nervous tissue cause action
The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called
neuro-muscular junction
When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the
muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous
electrical impulses
New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus
bringing about movement in muscles
Figure 11 Neuromuscular function
Answer these MCQs -
1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash
a) Cell body
b) Axonal end
c) Dendritic end
d) Axon
2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -
a) Cell junction
b) Neuro-muscular junction
c) Neural joint
d) Synapse
Answer the following questions -
1) The brain is responsible for -
a) Thinking
b) Regulating the heart beat
c) Balancing the body
d) All of the above
2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors
do not work properly What problems are likely to arise
3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function
4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury
5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism
6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
ASSIGNMENT- 3
HISTORY
Chapter-3 STD10
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
MAIN TOPICS-
The first world war khilafat and non-
cooperation movement
Different stands within the movement
Towards civil disobedience
The sense of collective belonging
IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-
Created new economic and political
situation
Increase in defense expenditure
Increased custom duties and introduction of
income tax
Increased prices of commodities
Forced recruitment of villagers in army
Crop failure shortage of food
Spread of epidemic killing millions of people
IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-
Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea
of Satyagrah and Non-violence
Three experiments of Gandhiji with
Satyagrah
a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against
oppressive plantation system
b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding
relaxation in revenue collection
c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support
of cotton mill workers
ROWLATT ACT (1919) -
Passed by imperial Legislative despite
opposition from Indian members
Government got power to detain political
prisoners for two years without trial
It was intended to curb political activity by
Indians
Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil
disobedience movement starting with hartal
RESULTS -
Massive strike and shutdown of shops and
workshops
Local Amritsar leaders arrested
Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi
Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer
JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-
Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar
gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to
celebrate Baisakhi
General Dyer blocked the only exit and
ordered fire on the gathering that left
hundreds dead
RESULTS-
News of the tragedy spread strikes and
clashes with police began
Government suppressed and humiliated
protestors
Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah
movement
KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT-
Gandhiji intended to unite people especially
Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement
across India
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated
with khilafat committee discussed United
action on khilafat movement along with
Non-cooperation movement
STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-
Surrender of government titles
Boycott of civil services army police courts
Legislative councils and schools
Boycott of foreign goods
Mobilise popular support
DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-
Many within Congress opposed boycott of
council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru
formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress
Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with
compromise and adoption of Non-
cooperation movement
DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-
MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-
bull Middle class participation
bull Schools colleges courts boycotted
boycott of foreign clothes
bull Picketing of liquor shops
bull Harmed colonial economy
SLOWDOWN-
bull Khadi was expensive which poor people
could not afford
bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions
bull Students teachers lawyers joined back
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
ASSIGNMENT3 CLASS10 SUBJECTHINDI
ग गोवद सह पलक कल
बोकारो इपात नगर जनवत 5ब
वषय हद
का दसव
स 2020 -2021
पापतक कतका (भाग 2)
पाठ माता का अचल
लखक शवपजन सहाय
पाठ का साराश
तत पाठ म लखक शवपजन सहाय पाठक को यह बताना चाहत ह क सभी पता अपन बच स बहद यार करत ह उहसरा दान करत ह और उनक पालन पोषण हत धन कमान क लए कड़ी महनत करत ह लकन फर भी यार पता मा काथान कभी नह ल पात
बच अपन आपको कवल मा क गोद म ही सरत समझत ह यहा लखक इसी प को उजागर कर रह ह इस पाठ मलखक न यह बताया ह क वह बचपन स ही पता स ऐस जड़ गए थ क रात को सोना खाना खाना नहाना पजा-पाठ सबकछ वह पता क सग ही कया करत थ
लखक क चौड़ ललाट पर चमकत पड को दखकर उसक पता उस भोलाराम कह कर पकारत थ जबक लखक कावातवक नाम तारकर था कहत ह क रामायण पाठ करत समय जब वह दपण म अपना मख नहारत तो उस बड़ी शममहसस होती थी लखक का पता रोज रामायण का पाठ करत और 500 बार राम नाम लखत छोट-छोट कागज को आटक गोलय म लपटकर मछलय को खलात थ उस व भी अपन पता क कध पर सवार रहत रहत थ घर वापस आतसमय उसक पता उस पड़ पर बठाकर झला झलाया करत थ ऐस कई उदाहरण यहा पर लखक न दए ह जब कस कारलखक क पता उह खाना खलात परत लखक क मा को सतोष नह होता और वह कहती ह क बड़-बड़ कौर खलाओतभी इसक पट भरग इस पर पाठ म गाव म बच कस कार हसी ठठोली म अपन बचपन को गजारत ह कस कार वहतरह तरह क खल खलत ह इन सब का वणन ह
चबतर क कोन को नाटक घर चौक को रगमच कभी कान बनाकर कभी म क ढल पथर क टकड़ स लड पस औरबताश क खोमच बनात यह सार खल बच खलत ह बच मठाई क कान बढ़ा कर घरदा बनान लगत फर भी जवनारबनात तथा खद भी जमन बठ जात थ लखक अपन बचपन क खल क बार म बतात ए कहत ह क कभी-कभी वकनतर का बाजा अमोली क शहनाई और टट चह दानी क पालक बनाकर बराती बन जात लखक वय ही समधी बनकरबकर पर चढ़ जात बारात चबतर क कोन स सर कोन पर सज ए मडप तक जाती और फर वापस लौट आती इस कारक कई खल का वणन ह जहा पर गाव क बड़ बजग को चढ़ात तरह-तरह क गान गाकर
लखक अपन बचपन क एकऔर घटना का ज करत ए कहत ह क जब वह सब चह क बल म पानी डाल रह थ तभीउस बल स साप नकल आता ह और उस दखकर सभी दौड़न लगत ह गरत पड़त ललहान होत एक सर म रोत अपन-अपन घर म घस जात ह उनक पता बाहर उतार म बठकर का पी रह होत ह पर लखक उह अनसना कर मा क पास दौड़
जात ह और मा क आचल म मह छपा कर रोन लगत ह उह डरा आ दखकर उनक मा उह ढाढस बधाती ह उह सरादती ह और मा क म और सरा और शात क छाया लखक क मन को शात करती ह अथात लखक डर क मार मा कगोद म ही चपका रहता ह और यहा लखक यह बताना चाहत ह क जब जीवन म भयानक वप जीवन म डर भयमहसस होता ह तो को मा का आचल ही याद आती ह और मा क आचल जसी सरा और शात उस जीवन म नयाम कह नह मलती
ननलखत मयपरक क उर द (80 स 100 शद क बीच म)
१ भोलानाथ और उसक साथय क खल और खलन क सामी और आपक खल और खलन क सामी स कसकार भ ह प कर
२ पाठ म आए ऐस सग का वणन कजए जो आपक दल को छ गए
३ इस उपयास म ामीण सकत का चण ह ामीण सकत और शहरी सकत म आपको या अतर दखाईदता ह
४ माता का अचल शीषक क साथकता स कर
५ इस पाठ म माता पता का बच क त वासयका वणन आ ह उस अपन शद म लख
६ पाठ म योग कए गए आचलक शद क सची बनाए
७ पाठ म य कए गए आचलक तकबद जसका योग लखकऔर उनक म कया करत थ उनक सची बनाए
८ तत पाठ क आधार पर यह कहा जा सकता ह क बच अपन पता स अधक जड़ाव रखत ह फर भी वपदा कसमय पता क पास न जाकर मा क शरण लत ह आपक समझ स इसक या वजह होती ह हो सकती ह प कर
नोट
पाठ क साराश को लखन क आवयकता नह ह
सफ क उर कर इस काय को एक अलग कॉपी म कर
ाकरण पद परचय ( मशः)
१ या
परभाषा या व शद ह जनस कसी काय क होन या कए जान कसी घटना या या क घटत होन या कसी या वत क अवथा या थत का बोध होता ह
या क भद कम क आधार पर
या क दो भद होत ह
अकमक या
परभाषा वाय म जो या कम क अपा नह रखती वह अकमक या कहलाती ह
सकमक या
परभाषा वह या जो वाय म कम क अपा रखती ह अथात जनक योग म कम क आवयकता होती ह वहसकमक कया कह जाती ह
२ या वशषण
परभाषा जो या क वशषता बतात ह उह यावशषण कहत ह
या वशषण क चार भद ह
(क) रीतवाचक या वशषण
परभाषा जन या वशषण म या क घटत होन क वध का पता चलता ह रीतवाचक वशषण कहलात ह या आसानशद म कह क या कस घटत हो रही ह
(ख)थान वाचक या वशषण
परभाषा या क घटत होन क थान क वषय म बोध करान वाल या वशषण शद को थान वाचक या वशषणकहत ह या यह कह क या कहा घटत हो रही ह
(ग)काल वाचक या वशषण
परभाषा या क घटत होन क समय स सबध रखत ह वह काल वाचक या वशषण कहलात ह या यह कह क याकब घटत हो रही ह
(घ) परमाणवाचक या वशषण
परभाषा या वशषण क परमाण या माा स सबधत वशषता का पता चलता ह अथवा या कतनी याा घटत होरही ह उस परमाणवाचक वशषण कहत ह
३ सबधबोधक
सबधबोधक अय अवकारी शद ह जो सा या सवनाम क बाद य होकर वाय क अय सा या सवनाम शद कसाथ सबध का बोध करात ह
जस १ बच पताजी क साथ म ल गए ह
-------------------
२ मन घर क सामन कछ पड़ लगाए ह
--------------
३ पाक क चार ओर लोग इक हो गए ह
-------------------------
४ वह घर क भीतर घसा बठा ह
-----------------------
४ समचयबोधक
दो शद दो बध योजक वाय को जोड़न का काय करत ह
ऐस योजक शद को समचयबोधक कहा जाता ह
जस और तथा एव लकन मगर कतपरत इसलए इस कारण अतः य क ताक या अथवा चाह
५ वमयादबोधक
परभाषा वमयादबोधक शद व शद ह जो आय हष घणा ख पीड़ा आद मनोभाव का बोध करात ह
जस अर ओ हाय वाह शाबाश राम-राम तौबा तौबा ह राम इयाद (व सभी शद जो क साथ य होत ह)
६ नपात
परभाषा कछ अय शद वाय म कसी शद या पद क आग लगकर उसक अथ म वशष कार का बल दत ह
इह नपात कहत ह
जस ही आपको ही करना होगा यह काम
भी हम भी बाजार जाएग
तो वह तो जाएगा ही साथ म तम भी जाओग
तक वह मझस मलन तक नह आया
मा महनत मा स कछ नह होता ब क भी आवयकता होती ह
भर म उस जानता भर
ननलखत शद क पद परचय द
१ आजकल हमारा दश गत क माग पर बढ़ रहा ह
आजकल
हमारा
दश
बढ़ रहा ह
२ तम अनज क चाचा को चाय पलाओ
तम
अनज क
चाचा को
पलाओ
३हम तम तो इतना भी नह जानत क कटब का पालन कस कया जाता ह
हम
भी
नह
कटब
४ वालय जाकर तम कछ तो पढ़ोग
वालय
जाकर
कछ
पढ़ोग
५ रीना अपन पताजी क साथ दली गई और वहा उसन कतब मीनार दखा
मीना
क साथ
दली
पताजी
क़ तब मीनार
नोट ऊपर लख ए ाया को कॉपी म लखन क आवयकता नह ह
नीच दए गए अयास को मवार तरीक स कर
ाकरणऔर कतका क काय एक ही कॉपी म कर
कॉपी को दो भाग म बाट दपहल भाग म ाकरण और सर भाग म कतका क उर लख
₹₹
प लखन
औपचारक प का ाप
वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए दली परवहन नगम क महाबधक को प लख (ाप उदाहरण वप )
परीा भवन
नई दली
दनाक ३००४२०२० या 30 अल 2020
महाबधक
दली परवहन नगम
इथ टट
नई दली
वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए नवदन
महोदय
वन नवदन ह क यमना पार म सोसाइट इस समय हजार लोग स भरी ह तजी स इस का वकास आ ह औरलोग न यहा बसना श कर दया ह उतनी तजी स परवहन क वथा न हो पान क कारण क नवासय को मीलपदल चलकर मदर डरी क पास पाडव नगर क सामन स बस लनी पड़ती ह कछ बस जो मयर वहार स चलत ह उह पकड़नक लए भी र चलना पड़ता ह ऐस म छोट-छोट बच महलाऔर बजग को भारी असवधा का सामना करना पड़ता हआपस वन नवदन ह क आप हमार हमार स नह बस सवा आरभ कर ताक यहा क वाथय छोट बच महलाअभभावक एव कायालय जान वाल को असवधा ना हो
भवदय
कखग
ननलखत वषय पर प लख
१ चनाव क दन म कायकता घर वालय आद पर चनावी पोटर लगा जात ह इसस लोग को होन वाली असवधा परवचार करत ए कसी दनक समाचार प क सपादक को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म प लख
२ अपन म पड़ पौध क अनयत कटाई को रोकन क लए जला अधकारी को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म एक पलख
३ आपक म आए दन चोरया हो रही ह प ारा पलस कमर को इसक शकायत करत ए गत बढ़ान का अनरोधकरत ए 80 स 100 100 स शद म प लख
४ चक बक खो जान क सचना दत ए अपन बक क बधक को 80 स 100 शद म प लख
नोट सार प ऊपर दए ए ाप क अनप ही लख
इस काय को मवार ढग स ाकरण क कॉपी म कर
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Assignment - 3 Subject - Physics Class 10 Notes Chapter - Human Eye And The Colourful World Topic - Human Eye- Introduction Diagram of human eye
Name of
the part
Characteristic Function
Cornea Transparent spherical membrane
covering the front part of the eye
Light enters the eye through this
membrane Most of the refraction
happens here
Eye lens transparent biconvex structure in
the eye
provides finer adjustment
required to focus objects on the
retina
Iris Dark muscular diaphragm between
the cornea and the lens
controls the size of the pupil
Pupil An opening between the iris through
which light enters the eye
regulates the amount of light
entering the eye
Ciliary
Muscle
Attached to the eye lens hold the lens in position and
modify the curvature of the lens
and accommodate the focal
length
Retina light-sensitive surface of an eye
Which act as screen on which the
image is formed
generate signals which are
transmitted to the brain through
optical nerves
Optic
nerve
Attached to retina transmits visual information from
the retina to the brain
Power of Accommodation
The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called accommodation This is done by changing the curvature of the eye lens
The minimum distance at which objects can be seen most distinctly without strain is called near point of the eye It is 25 cm for a normal human eye
The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly is called the far point of the eye It is infinity for a normal eye
Various Defects of vision and their correction
1 Myopia or short sightedness 2 Hypermetropia or long sightedness 3 Presbiopia
Myopia Myopia It is also known as nearsightedness A person with myopia can see nearby objects
clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctly Itrsquos far point is nearer than infinity Image is formed before the retina in a myopic eye
Cause of Myopia - 1 excessive curvature of of the eye lens or 2 Elongation of the eye ball Correction- It can be corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power Here are the ray
diagrams for a myopic eye and its correction ndash
Assignment 3 1 What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye 2 Why ist the normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm 3 Write the function of a)iris b)ciliary muscle c) retina 4 What is the far piont and near point of the human eye with normal vision 5 The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem 6 What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye 7 A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row What could be the defect the child is suffering from How can it be corrected 8 What is myopia What are its causes and how it can be corrected Also show diagrams of defective eye and corrected eye 9 Name the light sensitive cells and write its function 10 What is the diameter of our eye
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Metals and Non-metals
Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as
differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements
can be classified into 3 groups -
Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth
Elements
Metals (they loose
electrons and
form positive ions)
Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg
Au
Metalloids
(show both
characteristics ndash
metallic as well as non-
metallic)
Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te
Non-metals (they
gain electrons and
form negative
ions)
Eg-C O Cl N H
He
Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals
Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table
bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)
bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)
Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions
(H+)
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical
Properties -
Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)
Most of the metals are malleable
They are non-malleable but brittle
Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)
Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)
They are non-ductile
Heat and electrical conductivity
Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity
Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity
Lustre (shiny appearance)
Metals are lustrous and can be polished
Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull
Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife
Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)
Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)
Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature
Melting point and Boiling point
Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)
Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)
Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo
Non-metals have low density (they are light)
Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)
Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous
Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)
Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless
Now you are in a state to answer the following -
Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical
Properties -
Chemical Properties
Metals Non-Metals
Reaction with oxygen (of air)
When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal
I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)
II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of
Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)
VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]
Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides
I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2
(g) [acidic]
How to know CO2 is acidic
CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)
VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)
Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all
bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature
bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature
Hence CO2 is acidic in nature
II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]
III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]
Reaction with water
Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas
I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]
II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)
III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)
VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all
Reaction with dilute acids
Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids
2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all
Reaction with salt solutions
A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)
A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution
Reaction with chlorine
Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds
bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]
bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]
bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)
bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)
Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)
Reaction with hydrogen
Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)
Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)
bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because
HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to
water
Now answer the following questions -
Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire
Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs
Uses of Metals -
bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current
bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and
factory equipment
bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels
bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries
Uses of Non-Metals -
bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee
bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for
making fertilizers
bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles
bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells
and dry cells
Answer the Following Questions -
1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This
compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be
a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron
2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch
a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals
b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-
metals
3)
a) What are amphoteric oxides
b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides
4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which
will not
5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen
6) Give reasons for the following
a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery
b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil
c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking
7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties
8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of
iron)
Answer the following Assertion based question
Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -
1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides
2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong
oxidizing agent
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Control and Coordination
All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the
environment around them
The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called
stimuli (singular is stimulus)
The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell
taste touch pressure force of gravity etc
The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of
their body part
Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub
Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil
(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves
So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms
The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system
and endocrine system involving hormones
But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous
system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli
Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic
manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination
ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM
The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)
takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system
Figure 3 Structure of Neuron
Human Nervous
System Neuron
Basic Unit
Types
Sensory Neuron
(Transmits
impulses from
sense organs (ear
skin etc) to
Central Nervous
System (CNS)
Motor Neuron (carries
impulses from brain and
spinal cord to effector
organs)
Relay Neuron
(occur in CNS
where they
serve as link
between other
neurons)
How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another
in the nervous system -
bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in
touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron
bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces
an electrical impulse in it
bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then
along to itrsquos axon
bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of
chemical substance into the synapse (gap)
bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the
dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on
Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a
particular set of neurons)
Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)
Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -
bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action
is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we
immediately remove our hand away from it
Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)
bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc
Figure 6 Reflex Arc
Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)
Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action
The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -
1 Human Brain -
Figure 9 Human brain
Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull
of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium
The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it
The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which
protects the brain from mechanical shocks
The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -
a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the
largest part of the brain
bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors
are present here
bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception
of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)
and muscular activities (frontal lobe)
bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves
b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the
other parts of the brain and spinal cord
bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk
in response to visual and auditory stimuli
c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata
bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body
movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc
bull Pons regulate respiration
bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart
beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as
swallowing coughing etc
2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral
column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord
bull It is also covered by meninges
bull It is the reflex centre of the body
Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions
How does the nervous tissue cause action
The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called
neuro-muscular junction
When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the
muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous
electrical impulses
New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus
bringing about movement in muscles
Figure 11 Neuromuscular function
Answer these MCQs -
1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash
a) Cell body
b) Axonal end
c) Dendritic end
d) Axon
2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -
a) Cell junction
b) Neuro-muscular junction
c) Neural joint
d) Synapse
Answer the following questions -
1) The brain is responsible for -
a) Thinking
b) Regulating the heart beat
c) Balancing the body
d) All of the above
2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors
do not work properly What problems are likely to arise
3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function
4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury
5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism
6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
ASSIGNMENT- 3
HISTORY
Chapter-3 STD10
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
MAIN TOPICS-
The first world war khilafat and non-
cooperation movement
Different stands within the movement
Towards civil disobedience
The sense of collective belonging
IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-
Created new economic and political
situation
Increase in defense expenditure
Increased custom duties and introduction of
income tax
Increased prices of commodities
Forced recruitment of villagers in army
Crop failure shortage of food
Spread of epidemic killing millions of people
IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-
Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea
of Satyagrah and Non-violence
Three experiments of Gandhiji with
Satyagrah
a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against
oppressive plantation system
b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding
relaxation in revenue collection
c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support
of cotton mill workers
ROWLATT ACT (1919) -
Passed by imperial Legislative despite
opposition from Indian members
Government got power to detain political
prisoners for two years without trial
It was intended to curb political activity by
Indians
Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil
disobedience movement starting with hartal
RESULTS -
Massive strike and shutdown of shops and
workshops
Local Amritsar leaders arrested
Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi
Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer
JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-
Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar
gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to
celebrate Baisakhi
General Dyer blocked the only exit and
ordered fire on the gathering that left
hundreds dead
RESULTS-
News of the tragedy spread strikes and
clashes with police began
Government suppressed and humiliated
protestors
Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah
movement
KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT-
Gandhiji intended to unite people especially
Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement
across India
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated
with khilafat committee discussed United
action on khilafat movement along with
Non-cooperation movement
STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-
Surrender of government titles
Boycott of civil services army police courts
Legislative councils and schools
Boycott of foreign goods
Mobilise popular support
DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-
Many within Congress opposed boycott of
council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru
formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress
Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with
compromise and adoption of Non-
cooperation movement
DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-
MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-
bull Middle class participation
bull Schools colleges courts boycotted
boycott of foreign clothes
bull Picketing of liquor shops
bull Harmed colonial economy
SLOWDOWN-
bull Khadi was expensive which poor people
could not afford
bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions
bull Students teachers lawyers joined back
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
जात ह और मा क आचल म मह छपा कर रोन लगत ह उह डरा आ दखकर उनक मा उह ढाढस बधाती ह उह सरादती ह और मा क म और सरा और शात क छाया लखक क मन को शात करती ह अथात लखक डर क मार मा कगोद म ही चपका रहता ह और यहा लखक यह बताना चाहत ह क जब जीवन म भयानक वप जीवन म डर भयमहसस होता ह तो को मा का आचल ही याद आती ह और मा क आचल जसी सरा और शात उस जीवन म नयाम कह नह मलती
ननलखत मयपरक क उर द (80 स 100 शद क बीच म)
१ भोलानाथ और उसक साथय क खल और खलन क सामी और आपक खल और खलन क सामी स कसकार भ ह प कर
२ पाठ म आए ऐस सग का वणन कजए जो आपक दल को छ गए
३ इस उपयास म ामीण सकत का चण ह ामीण सकत और शहरी सकत म आपको या अतर दखाईदता ह
४ माता का अचल शीषक क साथकता स कर
५ इस पाठ म माता पता का बच क त वासयका वणन आ ह उस अपन शद म लख
६ पाठ म योग कए गए आचलक शद क सची बनाए
७ पाठ म य कए गए आचलक तकबद जसका योग लखकऔर उनक म कया करत थ उनक सची बनाए
८ तत पाठ क आधार पर यह कहा जा सकता ह क बच अपन पता स अधक जड़ाव रखत ह फर भी वपदा कसमय पता क पास न जाकर मा क शरण लत ह आपक समझ स इसक या वजह होती ह हो सकती ह प कर
नोट
पाठ क साराश को लखन क आवयकता नह ह
सफ क उर कर इस काय को एक अलग कॉपी म कर
ाकरण पद परचय ( मशः)
१ या
परभाषा या व शद ह जनस कसी काय क होन या कए जान कसी घटना या या क घटत होन या कसी या वत क अवथा या थत का बोध होता ह
या क भद कम क आधार पर
या क दो भद होत ह
अकमक या
परभाषा वाय म जो या कम क अपा नह रखती वह अकमक या कहलाती ह
सकमक या
परभाषा वह या जो वाय म कम क अपा रखती ह अथात जनक योग म कम क आवयकता होती ह वहसकमक कया कह जाती ह
२ या वशषण
परभाषा जो या क वशषता बतात ह उह यावशषण कहत ह
या वशषण क चार भद ह
(क) रीतवाचक या वशषण
परभाषा जन या वशषण म या क घटत होन क वध का पता चलता ह रीतवाचक वशषण कहलात ह या आसानशद म कह क या कस घटत हो रही ह
(ख)थान वाचक या वशषण
परभाषा या क घटत होन क थान क वषय म बोध करान वाल या वशषण शद को थान वाचक या वशषणकहत ह या यह कह क या कहा घटत हो रही ह
(ग)काल वाचक या वशषण
परभाषा या क घटत होन क समय स सबध रखत ह वह काल वाचक या वशषण कहलात ह या यह कह क याकब घटत हो रही ह
(घ) परमाणवाचक या वशषण
परभाषा या वशषण क परमाण या माा स सबधत वशषता का पता चलता ह अथवा या कतनी याा घटत होरही ह उस परमाणवाचक वशषण कहत ह
३ सबधबोधक
सबधबोधक अय अवकारी शद ह जो सा या सवनाम क बाद य होकर वाय क अय सा या सवनाम शद कसाथ सबध का बोध करात ह
जस १ बच पताजी क साथ म ल गए ह
-------------------
२ मन घर क सामन कछ पड़ लगाए ह
--------------
३ पाक क चार ओर लोग इक हो गए ह
-------------------------
४ वह घर क भीतर घसा बठा ह
-----------------------
४ समचयबोधक
दो शद दो बध योजक वाय को जोड़न का काय करत ह
ऐस योजक शद को समचयबोधक कहा जाता ह
जस और तथा एव लकन मगर कतपरत इसलए इस कारण अतः य क ताक या अथवा चाह
५ वमयादबोधक
परभाषा वमयादबोधक शद व शद ह जो आय हष घणा ख पीड़ा आद मनोभाव का बोध करात ह
जस अर ओ हाय वाह शाबाश राम-राम तौबा तौबा ह राम इयाद (व सभी शद जो क साथ य होत ह)
६ नपात
परभाषा कछ अय शद वाय म कसी शद या पद क आग लगकर उसक अथ म वशष कार का बल दत ह
इह नपात कहत ह
जस ही आपको ही करना होगा यह काम
भी हम भी बाजार जाएग
तो वह तो जाएगा ही साथ म तम भी जाओग
तक वह मझस मलन तक नह आया
मा महनत मा स कछ नह होता ब क भी आवयकता होती ह
भर म उस जानता भर
ननलखत शद क पद परचय द
१ आजकल हमारा दश गत क माग पर बढ़ रहा ह
आजकल
हमारा
दश
बढ़ रहा ह
२ तम अनज क चाचा को चाय पलाओ
तम
अनज क
चाचा को
पलाओ
३हम तम तो इतना भी नह जानत क कटब का पालन कस कया जाता ह
हम
भी
नह
कटब
४ वालय जाकर तम कछ तो पढ़ोग
वालय
जाकर
कछ
पढ़ोग
५ रीना अपन पताजी क साथ दली गई और वहा उसन कतब मीनार दखा
मीना
क साथ
दली
पताजी
क़ तब मीनार
नोट ऊपर लख ए ाया को कॉपी म लखन क आवयकता नह ह
नीच दए गए अयास को मवार तरीक स कर
ाकरणऔर कतका क काय एक ही कॉपी म कर
कॉपी को दो भाग म बाट दपहल भाग म ाकरण और सर भाग म कतका क उर लख
₹₹
प लखन
औपचारक प का ाप
वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए दली परवहन नगम क महाबधक को प लख (ाप उदाहरण वप )
परीा भवन
नई दली
दनाक ३००४२०२० या 30 अल 2020
महाबधक
दली परवहन नगम
इथ टट
नई दली
वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए नवदन
महोदय
वन नवदन ह क यमना पार म सोसाइट इस समय हजार लोग स भरी ह तजी स इस का वकास आ ह औरलोग न यहा बसना श कर दया ह उतनी तजी स परवहन क वथा न हो पान क कारण क नवासय को मीलपदल चलकर मदर डरी क पास पाडव नगर क सामन स बस लनी पड़ती ह कछ बस जो मयर वहार स चलत ह उह पकड़नक लए भी र चलना पड़ता ह ऐस म छोट-छोट बच महलाऔर बजग को भारी असवधा का सामना करना पड़ता हआपस वन नवदन ह क आप हमार हमार स नह बस सवा आरभ कर ताक यहा क वाथय छोट बच महलाअभभावक एव कायालय जान वाल को असवधा ना हो
भवदय
कखग
ननलखत वषय पर प लख
१ चनाव क दन म कायकता घर वालय आद पर चनावी पोटर लगा जात ह इसस लोग को होन वाली असवधा परवचार करत ए कसी दनक समाचार प क सपादक को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म प लख
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Assignment - 3 Subject - Physics Class 10 Notes Chapter - Human Eye And The Colourful World Topic - Human Eye- Introduction Diagram of human eye
Name of
the part
Characteristic Function
Cornea Transparent spherical membrane
covering the front part of the eye
Light enters the eye through this
membrane Most of the refraction
happens here
Eye lens transparent biconvex structure in
the eye
provides finer adjustment
required to focus objects on the
retina
Iris Dark muscular diaphragm between
the cornea and the lens
controls the size of the pupil
Pupil An opening between the iris through
which light enters the eye
regulates the amount of light
entering the eye
Ciliary
Muscle
Attached to the eye lens hold the lens in position and
modify the curvature of the lens
and accommodate the focal
length
Retina light-sensitive surface of an eye
Which act as screen on which the
image is formed
generate signals which are
transmitted to the brain through
optical nerves
Optic
nerve
Attached to retina transmits visual information from
the retina to the brain
Power of Accommodation
The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called accommodation This is done by changing the curvature of the eye lens
The minimum distance at which objects can be seen most distinctly without strain is called near point of the eye It is 25 cm for a normal human eye
The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly is called the far point of the eye It is infinity for a normal eye
Various Defects of vision and their correction
1 Myopia or short sightedness 2 Hypermetropia or long sightedness 3 Presbiopia
Myopia Myopia It is also known as nearsightedness A person with myopia can see nearby objects
clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctly Itrsquos far point is nearer than infinity Image is formed before the retina in a myopic eye
Cause of Myopia - 1 excessive curvature of of the eye lens or 2 Elongation of the eye ball Correction- It can be corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power Here are the ray
diagrams for a myopic eye and its correction ndash
Assignment 3 1 What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye 2 Why ist the normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm 3 Write the function of a)iris b)ciliary muscle c) retina 4 What is the far piont and near point of the human eye with normal vision 5 The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem 6 What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye 7 A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row What could be the defect the child is suffering from How can it be corrected 8 What is myopia What are its causes and how it can be corrected Also show diagrams of defective eye and corrected eye 9 Name the light sensitive cells and write its function 10 What is the diameter of our eye
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Metals and Non-metals
Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as
differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements
can be classified into 3 groups -
Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth
Elements
Metals (they loose
electrons and
form positive ions)
Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg
Au
Metalloids
(show both
characteristics ndash
metallic as well as non-
metallic)
Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te
Non-metals (they
gain electrons and
form negative
ions)
Eg-C O Cl N H
He
Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals
Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table
bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)
bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)
Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions
(H+)
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical
Properties -
Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)
Most of the metals are malleable
They are non-malleable but brittle
Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)
Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)
They are non-ductile
Heat and electrical conductivity
Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity
Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity
Lustre (shiny appearance)
Metals are lustrous and can be polished
Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull
Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife
Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)
Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)
Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature
Melting point and Boiling point
Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)
Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)
Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo
Non-metals have low density (they are light)
Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)
Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous
Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)
Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless
Now you are in a state to answer the following -
Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical
Properties -
Chemical Properties
Metals Non-Metals
Reaction with oxygen (of air)
When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal
I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)
II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of
Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)
VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]
Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides
I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2
(g) [acidic]
How to know CO2 is acidic
CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)
VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)
Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all
bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature
bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature
Hence CO2 is acidic in nature
II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]
III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]
Reaction with water
Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas
I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]
II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)
III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)
VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all
Reaction with dilute acids
Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids
2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all
Reaction with salt solutions
A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)
A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution
Reaction with chlorine
Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds
bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]
bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]
bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)
bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)
Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)
Reaction with hydrogen
Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)
Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)
bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because
HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to
water
Now answer the following questions -
Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire
Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs
Uses of Metals -
bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current
bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and
factory equipment
bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels
bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries
Uses of Non-Metals -
bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee
bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for
making fertilizers
bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles
bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells
and dry cells
Answer the Following Questions -
1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This
compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be
a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron
2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch
a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals
b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-
metals
3)
a) What are amphoteric oxides
b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides
4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which
will not
5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen
6) Give reasons for the following
a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery
b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil
c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking
7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties
8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of
iron)
Answer the following Assertion based question
Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -
1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides
2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong
oxidizing agent
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Control and Coordination
All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the
environment around them
The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called
stimuli (singular is stimulus)
The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell
taste touch pressure force of gravity etc
The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of
their body part
Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub
Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil
(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves
So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms
The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system
and endocrine system involving hormones
But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous
system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli
Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic
manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination
ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM
The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)
takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system
Figure 3 Structure of Neuron
Human Nervous
System Neuron
Basic Unit
Types
Sensory Neuron
(Transmits
impulses from
sense organs (ear
skin etc) to
Central Nervous
System (CNS)
Motor Neuron (carries
impulses from brain and
spinal cord to effector
organs)
Relay Neuron
(occur in CNS
where they
serve as link
between other
neurons)
How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another
in the nervous system -
bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in
touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron
bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces
an electrical impulse in it
bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then
along to itrsquos axon
bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of
chemical substance into the synapse (gap)
bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the
dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on
Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a
particular set of neurons)
Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)
Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -
bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action
is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we
immediately remove our hand away from it
Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)
bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc
Figure 6 Reflex Arc
Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)
Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action
The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -
1 Human Brain -
Figure 9 Human brain
Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull
of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium
The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it
The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which
protects the brain from mechanical shocks
The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -
a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the
largest part of the brain
bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors
are present here
bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception
of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)
and muscular activities (frontal lobe)
bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves
b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the
other parts of the brain and spinal cord
bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk
in response to visual and auditory stimuli
c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata
bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body
movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc
bull Pons regulate respiration
bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart
beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as
swallowing coughing etc
2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral
column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord
bull It is also covered by meninges
bull It is the reflex centre of the body
Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions
How does the nervous tissue cause action
The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called
neuro-muscular junction
When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the
muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous
electrical impulses
New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus
bringing about movement in muscles
Figure 11 Neuromuscular function
Answer these MCQs -
1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash
a) Cell body
b) Axonal end
c) Dendritic end
d) Axon
2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -
a) Cell junction
b) Neuro-muscular junction
c) Neural joint
d) Synapse
Answer the following questions -
1) The brain is responsible for -
a) Thinking
b) Regulating the heart beat
c) Balancing the body
d) All of the above
2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors
do not work properly What problems are likely to arise
3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function
4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury
5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism
6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
ASSIGNMENT- 3
HISTORY
Chapter-3 STD10
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
MAIN TOPICS-
The first world war khilafat and non-
cooperation movement
Different stands within the movement
Towards civil disobedience
The sense of collective belonging
IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-
Created new economic and political
situation
Increase in defense expenditure
Increased custom duties and introduction of
income tax
Increased prices of commodities
Forced recruitment of villagers in army
Crop failure shortage of food
Spread of epidemic killing millions of people
IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-
Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea
of Satyagrah and Non-violence
Three experiments of Gandhiji with
Satyagrah
a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against
oppressive plantation system
b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding
relaxation in revenue collection
c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support
of cotton mill workers
ROWLATT ACT (1919) -
Passed by imperial Legislative despite
opposition from Indian members
Government got power to detain political
prisoners for two years without trial
It was intended to curb political activity by
Indians
Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil
disobedience movement starting with hartal
RESULTS -
Massive strike and shutdown of shops and
workshops
Local Amritsar leaders arrested
Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi
Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer
JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-
Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar
gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to
celebrate Baisakhi
General Dyer blocked the only exit and
ordered fire on the gathering that left
hundreds dead
RESULTS-
News of the tragedy spread strikes and
clashes with police began
Government suppressed and humiliated
protestors
Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah
movement
KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT-
Gandhiji intended to unite people especially
Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement
across India
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated
with khilafat committee discussed United
action on khilafat movement along with
Non-cooperation movement
STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-
Surrender of government titles
Boycott of civil services army police courts
Legislative councils and schools
Boycott of foreign goods
Mobilise popular support
DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-
Many within Congress opposed boycott of
council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru
formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress
Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with
compromise and adoption of Non-
cooperation movement
DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-
MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-
bull Middle class participation
bull Schools colleges courts boycotted
boycott of foreign clothes
bull Picketing of liquor shops
bull Harmed colonial economy
SLOWDOWN-
bull Khadi was expensive which poor people
could not afford
bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions
bull Students teachers lawyers joined back
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
परभाषा वाय म जो या कम क अपा नह रखती वह अकमक या कहलाती ह
सकमक या
परभाषा वह या जो वाय म कम क अपा रखती ह अथात जनक योग म कम क आवयकता होती ह वहसकमक कया कह जाती ह
२ या वशषण
परभाषा जो या क वशषता बतात ह उह यावशषण कहत ह
या वशषण क चार भद ह
(क) रीतवाचक या वशषण
परभाषा जन या वशषण म या क घटत होन क वध का पता चलता ह रीतवाचक वशषण कहलात ह या आसानशद म कह क या कस घटत हो रही ह
(ख)थान वाचक या वशषण
परभाषा या क घटत होन क थान क वषय म बोध करान वाल या वशषण शद को थान वाचक या वशषणकहत ह या यह कह क या कहा घटत हो रही ह
(ग)काल वाचक या वशषण
परभाषा या क घटत होन क समय स सबध रखत ह वह काल वाचक या वशषण कहलात ह या यह कह क याकब घटत हो रही ह
(घ) परमाणवाचक या वशषण
परभाषा या वशषण क परमाण या माा स सबधत वशषता का पता चलता ह अथवा या कतनी याा घटत होरही ह उस परमाणवाचक वशषण कहत ह
३ सबधबोधक
सबधबोधक अय अवकारी शद ह जो सा या सवनाम क बाद य होकर वाय क अय सा या सवनाम शद कसाथ सबध का बोध करात ह
जस १ बच पताजी क साथ म ल गए ह
-------------------
२ मन घर क सामन कछ पड़ लगाए ह
--------------
३ पाक क चार ओर लोग इक हो गए ह
-------------------------
४ वह घर क भीतर घसा बठा ह
-----------------------
४ समचयबोधक
दो शद दो बध योजक वाय को जोड़न का काय करत ह
ऐस योजक शद को समचयबोधक कहा जाता ह
जस और तथा एव लकन मगर कतपरत इसलए इस कारण अतः य क ताक या अथवा चाह
५ वमयादबोधक
परभाषा वमयादबोधक शद व शद ह जो आय हष घणा ख पीड़ा आद मनोभाव का बोध करात ह
जस अर ओ हाय वाह शाबाश राम-राम तौबा तौबा ह राम इयाद (व सभी शद जो क साथ य होत ह)
६ नपात
परभाषा कछ अय शद वाय म कसी शद या पद क आग लगकर उसक अथ म वशष कार का बल दत ह
इह नपात कहत ह
जस ही आपको ही करना होगा यह काम
भी हम भी बाजार जाएग
तो वह तो जाएगा ही साथ म तम भी जाओग
तक वह मझस मलन तक नह आया
मा महनत मा स कछ नह होता ब क भी आवयकता होती ह
भर म उस जानता भर
ननलखत शद क पद परचय द
१ आजकल हमारा दश गत क माग पर बढ़ रहा ह
आजकल
हमारा
दश
बढ़ रहा ह
२ तम अनज क चाचा को चाय पलाओ
तम
अनज क
चाचा को
पलाओ
३हम तम तो इतना भी नह जानत क कटब का पालन कस कया जाता ह
हम
भी
नह
कटब
४ वालय जाकर तम कछ तो पढ़ोग
वालय
जाकर
कछ
पढ़ोग
५ रीना अपन पताजी क साथ दली गई और वहा उसन कतब मीनार दखा
मीना
क साथ
दली
पताजी
क़ तब मीनार
नोट ऊपर लख ए ाया को कॉपी म लखन क आवयकता नह ह
नीच दए गए अयास को मवार तरीक स कर
ाकरणऔर कतका क काय एक ही कॉपी म कर
कॉपी को दो भाग म बाट दपहल भाग म ाकरण और सर भाग म कतका क उर लख
₹₹
प लखन
औपचारक प का ाप
वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए दली परवहन नगम क महाबधक को प लख (ाप उदाहरण वप )
परीा भवन
नई दली
दनाक ३००४२०२० या 30 अल 2020
महाबधक
दली परवहन नगम
इथ टट
नई दली
वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए नवदन
महोदय
वन नवदन ह क यमना पार म सोसाइट इस समय हजार लोग स भरी ह तजी स इस का वकास आ ह औरलोग न यहा बसना श कर दया ह उतनी तजी स परवहन क वथा न हो पान क कारण क नवासय को मीलपदल चलकर मदर डरी क पास पाडव नगर क सामन स बस लनी पड़ती ह कछ बस जो मयर वहार स चलत ह उह पकड़नक लए भी र चलना पड़ता ह ऐस म छोट-छोट बच महलाऔर बजग को भारी असवधा का सामना करना पड़ता हआपस वन नवदन ह क आप हमार हमार स नह बस सवा आरभ कर ताक यहा क वाथय छोट बच महलाअभभावक एव कायालय जान वाल को असवधा ना हो
भवदय
कखग
ननलखत वषय पर प लख
१ चनाव क दन म कायकता घर वालय आद पर चनावी पोटर लगा जात ह इसस लोग को होन वाली असवधा परवचार करत ए कसी दनक समाचार प क सपादक को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म प लख
२ अपन म पड़ पौध क अनयत कटाई को रोकन क लए जला अधकारी को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म एक पलख
३ आपक म आए दन चोरया हो रही ह प ारा पलस कमर को इसक शकायत करत ए गत बढ़ान का अनरोधकरत ए 80 स 100 100 स शद म प लख
४ चक बक खो जान क सचना दत ए अपन बक क बधक को 80 स 100 शद म प लख
नोट सार प ऊपर दए ए ाप क अनप ही लख
इस काय को मवार ढग स ाकरण क कॉपी म कर
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Assignment - 3 Subject - Physics Class 10 Notes Chapter - Human Eye And The Colourful World Topic - Human Eye- Introduction Diagram of human eye
Name of
the part
Characteristic Function
Cornea Transparent spherical membrane
covering the front part of the eye
Light enters the eye through this
membrane Most of the refraction
happens here
Eye lens transparent biconvex structure in
the eye
provides finer adjustment
required to focus objects on the
retina
Iris Dark muscular diaphragm between
the cornea and the lens
controls the size of the pupil
Pupil An opening between the iris through
which light enters the eye
regulates the amount of light
entering the eye
Ciliary
Muscle
Attached to the eye lens hold the lens in position and
modify the curvature of the lens
and accommodate the focal
length
Retina light-sensitive surface of an eye
Which act as screen on which the
image is formed
generate signals which are
transmitted to the brain through
optical nerves
Optic
nerve
Attached to retina transmits visual information from
the retina to the brain
Power of Accommodation
The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called accommodation This is done by changing the curvature of the eye lens
The minimum distance at which objects can be seen most distinctly without strain is called near point of the eye It is 25 cm for a normal human eye
The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly is called the far point of the eye It is infinity for a normal eye
Various Defects of vision and their correction
1 Myopia or short sightedness 2 Hypermetropia or long sightedness 3 Presbiopia
Myopia Myopia It is also known as nearsightedness A person with myopia can see nearby objects
clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctly Itrsquos far point is nearer than infinity Image is formed before the retina in a myopic eye
Cause of Myopia - 1 excessive curvature of of the eye lens or 2 Elongation of the eye ball Correction- It can be corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power Here are the ray
diagrams for a myopic eye and its correction ndash
Assignment 3 1 What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye 2 Why ist the normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm 3 Write the function of a)iris b)ciliary muscle c) retina 4 What is the far piont and near point of the human eye with normal vision 5 The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem 6 What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye 7 A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row What could be the defect the child is suffering from How can it be corrected 8 What is myopia What are its causes and how it can be corrected Also show diagrams of defective eye and corrected eye 9 Name the light sensitive cells and write its function 10 What is the diameter of our eye
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Metals and Non-metals
Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as
differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements
can be classified into 3 groups -
Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth
Elements
Metals (they loose
electrons and
form positive ions)
Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg
Au
Metalloids
(show both
characteristics ndash
metallic as well as non-
metallic)
Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te
Non-metals (they
gain electrons and
form negative
ions)
Eg-C O Cl N H
He
Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals
Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table
bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)
bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)
Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions
(H+)
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical
Properties -
Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)
Most of the metals are malleable
They are non-malleable but brittle
Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)
Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)
They are non-ductile
Heat and electrical conductivity
Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity
Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity
Lustre (shiny appearance)
Metals are lustrous and can be polished
Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull
Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife
Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)
Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)
Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature
Melting point and Boiling point
Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)
Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)
Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo
Non-metals have low density (they are light)
Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)
Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous
Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)
Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless
Now you are in a state to answer the following -
Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical
Properties -
Chemical Properties
Metals Non-Metals
Reaction with oxygen (of air)
When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal
I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)
II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of
Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)
VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]
Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides
I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2
(g) [acidic]
How to know CO2 is acidic
CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)
VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)
Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all
bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature
bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature
Hence CO2 is acidic in nature
II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]
III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]
Reaction with water
Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas
I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]
II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)
III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)
VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all
Reaction with dilute acids
Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids
2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all
Reaction with salt solutions
A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)
A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution
Reaction with chlorine
Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds
bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]
bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]
bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)
bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)
Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)
Reaction with hydrogen
Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)
Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)
bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because
HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to
water
Now answer the following questions -
Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire
Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs
Uses of Metals -
bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current
bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and
factory equipment
bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels
bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries
Uses of Non-Metals -
bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee
bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for
making fertilizers
bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles
bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells
and dry cells
Answer the Following Questions -
1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This
compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be
a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron
2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch
a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals
b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-
metals
3)
a) What are amphoteric oxides
b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides
4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which
will not
5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen
6) Give reasons for the following
a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery
b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil
c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking
7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties
8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of
iron)
Answer the following Assertion based question
Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -
1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides
2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong
oxidizing agent
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Control and Coordination
All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the
environment around them
The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called
stimuli (singular is stimulus)
The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell
taste touch pressure force of gravity etc
The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of
their body part
Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub
Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil
(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves
So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms
The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system
and endocrine system involving hormones
But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous
system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli
Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic
manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination
ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM
The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)
takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system
Figure 3 Structure of Neuron
Human Nervous
System Neuron
Basic Unit
Types
Sensory Neuron
(Transmits
impulses from
sense organs (ear
skin etc) to
Central Nervous
System (CNS)
Motor Neuron (carries
impulses from brain and
spinal cord to effector
organs)
Relay Neuron
(occur in CNS
where they
serve as link
between other
neurons)
How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another
in the nervous system -
bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in
touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron
bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces
an electrical impulse in it
bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then
along to itrsquos axon
bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of
chemical substance into the synapse (gap)
bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the
dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on
Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a
particular set of neurons)
Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)
Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -
bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action
is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we
immediately remove our hand away from it
Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)
bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc
Figure 6 Reflex Arc
Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)
Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action
The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -
1 Human Brain -
Figure 9 Human brain
Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull
of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium
The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it
The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which
protects the brain from mechanical shocks
The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -
a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the
largest part of the brain
bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors
are present here
bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception
of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)
and muscular activities (frontal lobe)
bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves
b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the
other parts of the brain and spinal cord
bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk
in response to visual and auditory stimuli
c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata
bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body
movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc
bull Pons regulate respiration
bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart
beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as
swallowing coughing etc
2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral
column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord
bull It is also covered by meninges
bull It is the reflex centre of the body
Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions
How does the nervous tissue cause action
The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called
neuro-muscular junction
When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the
muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous
electrical impulses
New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus
bringing about movement in muscles
Figure 11 Neuromuscular function
Answer these MCQs -
1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash
a) Cell body
b) Axonal end
c) Dendritic end
d) Axon
2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -
a) Cell junction
b) Neuro-muscular junction
c) Neural joint
d) Synapse
Answer the following questions -
1) The brain is responsible for -
a) Thinking
b) Regulating the heart beat
c) Balancing the body
d) All of the above
2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors
do not work properly What problems are likely to arise
3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function
4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury
5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism
6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
ASSIGNMENT- 3
HISTORY
Chapter-3 STD10
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
MAIN TOPICS-
The first world war khilafat and non-
cooperation movement
Different stands within the movement
Towards civil disobedience
The sense of collective belonging
IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-
Created new economic and political
situation
Increase in defense expenditure
Increased custom duties and introduction of
income tax
Increased prices of commodities
Forced recruitment of villagers in army
Crop failure shortage of food
Spread of epidemic killing millions of people
IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-
Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea
of Satyagrah and Non-violence
Three experiments of Gandhiji with
Satyagrah
a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against
oppressive plantation system
b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding
relaxation in revenue collection
c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support
of cotton mill workers
ROWLATT ACT (1919) -
Passed by imperial Legislative despite
opposition from Indian members
Government got power to detain political
prisoners for two years without trial
It was intended to curb political activity by
Indians
Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil
disobedience movement starting with hartal
RESULTS -
Massive strike and shutdown of shops and
workshops
Local Amritsar leaders arrested
Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi
Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer
JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-
Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar
gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to
celebrate Baisakhi
General Dyer blocked the only exit and
ordered fire on the gathering that left
hundreds dead
RESULTS-
News of the tragedy spread strikes and
clashes with police began
Government suppressed and humiliated
protestors
Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah
movement
KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT-
Gandhiji intended to unite people especially
Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement
across India
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated
with khilafat committee discussed United
action on khilafat movement along with
Non-cooperation movement
STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-
Surrender of government titles
Boycott of civil services army police courts
Legislative councils and schools
Boycott of foreign goods
Mobilise popular support
DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-
Many within Congress opposed boycott of
council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru
formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress
Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with
compromise and adoption of Non-
cooperation movement
DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-
MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-
bull Middle class participation
bull Schools colleges courts boycotted
boycott of foreign clothes
bull Picketing of liquor shops
bull Harmed colonial economy
SLOWDOWN-
bull Khadi was expensive which poor people
could not afford
bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions
bull Students teachers lawyers joined back
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
३ पाक क चार ओर लोग इक हो गए ह
-------------------------
४ वह घर क भीतर घसा बठा ह
-----------------------
४ समचयबोधक
दो शद दो बध योजक वाय को जोड़न का काय करत ह
ऐस योजक शद को समचयबोधक कहा जाता ह
जस और तथा एव लकन मगर कतपरत इसलए इस कारण अतः य क ताक या अथवा चाह
५ वमयादबोधक
परभाषा वमयादबोधक शद व शद ह जो आय हष घणा ख पीड़ा आद मनोभाव का बोध करात ह
जस अर ओ हाय वाह शाबाश राम-राम तौबा तौबा ह राम इयाद (व सभी शद जो क साथ य होत ह)
६ नपात
परभाषा कछ अय शद वाय म कसी शद या पद क आग लगकर उसक अथ म वशष कार का बल दत ह
इह नपात कहत ह
जस ही आपको ही करना होगा यह काम
भी हम भी बाजार जाएग
तो वह तो जाएगा ही साथ म तम भी जाओग
तक वह मझस मलन तक नह आया
मा महनत मा स कछ नह होता ब क भी आवयकता होती ह
भर म उस जानता भर
ननलखत शद क पद परचय द
१ आजकल हमारा दश गत क माग पर बढ़ रहा ह
आजकल
हमारा
दश
बढ़ रहा ह
२ तम अनज क चाचा को चाय पलाओ
तम
अनज क
चाचा को
पलाओ
३हम तम तो इतना भी नह जानत क कटब का पालन कस कया जाता ह
हम
भी
नह
कटब
४ वालय जाकर तम कछ तो पढ़ोग
वालय
जाकर
कछ
पढ़ोग
५ रीना अपन पताजी क साथ दली गई और वहा उसन कतब मीनार दखा
मीना
क साथ
दली
पताजी
क़ तब मीनार
नोट ऊपर लख ए ाया को कॉपी म लखन क आवयकता नह ह
नीच दए गए अयास को मवार तरीक स कर
ाकरणऔर कतका क काय एक ही कॉपी म कर
कॉपी को दो भाग म बाट दपहल भाग म ाकरण और सर भाग म कतका क उर लख
₹₹
प लखन
औपचारक प का ाप
वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए दली परवहन नगम क महाबधक को प लख (ाप उदाहरण वप )
परीा भवन
नई दली
दनाक ३००४२०२० या 30 अल 2020
महाबधक
दली परवहन नगम
इथ टट
नई दली
वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए नवदन
महोदय
वन नवदन ह क यमना पार म सोसाइट इस समय हजार लोग स भरी ह तजी स इस का वकास आ ह औरलोग न यहा बसना श कर दया ह उतनी तजी स परवहन क वथा न हो पान क कारण क नवासय को मीलपदल चलकर मदर डरी क पास पाडव नगर क सामन स बस लनी पड़ती ह कछ बस जो मयर वहार स चलत ह उह पकड़नक लए भी र चलना पड़ता ह ऐस म छोट-छोट बच महलाऔर बजग को भारी असवधा का सामना करना पड़ता हआपस वन नवदन ह क आप हमार हमार स नह बस सवा आरभ कर ताक यहा क वाथय छोट बच महलाअभभावक एव कायालय जान वाल को असवधा ना हो
भवदय
कखग
ननलखत वषय पर प लख
१ चनाव क दन म कायकता घर वालय आद पर चनावी पोटर लगा जात ह इसस लोग को होन वाली असवधा परवचार करत ए कसी दनक समाचार प क सपादक को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म प लख
२ अपन म पड़ पौध क अनयत कटाई को रोकन क लए जला अधकारी को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म एक पलख
३ आपक म आए दन चोरया हो रही ह प ारा पलस कमर को इसक शकायत करत ए गत बढ़ान का अनरोधकरत ए 80 स 100 100 स शद म प लख
४ चक बक खो जान क सचना दत ए अपन बक क बधक को 80 स 100 शद म प लख
नोट सार प ऊपर दए ए ाप क अनप ही लख
इस काय को मवार ढग स ाकरण क कॉपी म कर
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Assignment - 3 Subject - Physics Class 10 Notes Chapter - Human Eye And The Colourful World Topic - Human Eye- Introduction Diagram of human eye
Name of
the part
Characteristic Function
Cornea Transparent spherical membrane
covering the front part of the eye
Light enters the eye through this
membrane Most of the refraction
happens here
Eye lens transparent biconvex structure in
the eye
provides finer adjustment
required to focus objects on the
retina
Iris Dark muscular diaphragm between
the cornea and the lens
controls the size of the pupil
Pupil An opening between the iris through
which light enters the eye
regulates the amount of light
entering the eye
Ciliary
Muscle
Attached to the eye lens hold the lens in position and
modify the curvature of the lens
and accommodate the focal
length
Retina light-sensitive surface of an eye
Which act as screen on which the
image is formed
generate signals which are
transmitted to the brain through
optical nerves
Optic
nerve
Attached to retina transmits visual information from
the retina to the brain
Power of Accommodation
The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called accommodation This is done by changing the curvature of the eye lens
The minimum distance at which objects can be seen most distinctly without strain is called near point of the eye It is 25 cm for a normal human eye
The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly is called the far point of the eye It is infinity for a normal eye
Various Defects of vision and their correction
1 Myopia or short sightedness 2 Hypermetropia or long sightedness 3 Presbiopia
Myopia Myopia It is also known as nearsightedness A person with myopia can see nearby objects
clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctly Itrsquos far point is nearer than infinity Image is formed before the retina in a myopic eye
Cause of Myopia - 1 excessive curvature of of the eye lens or 2 Elongation of the eye ball Correction- It can be corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power Here are the ray
diagrams for a myopic eye and its correction ndash
Assignment 3 1 What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye 2 Why ist the normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm 3 Write the function of a)iris b)ciliary muscle c) retina 4 What is the far piont and near point of the human eye with normal vision 5 The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem 6 What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye 7 A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row What could be the defect the child is suffering from How can it be corrected 8 What is myopia What are its causes and how it can be corrected Also show diagrams of defective eye and corrected eye 9 Name the light sensitive cells and write its function 10 What is the diameter of our eye
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Metals and Non-metals
Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as
differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements
can be classified into 3 groups -
Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth
Elements
Metals (they loose
electrons and
form positive ions)
Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg
Au
Metalloids
(show both
characteristics ndash
metallic as well as non-
metallic)
Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te
Non-metals (they
gain electrons and
form negative
ions)
Eg-C O Cl N H
He
Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals
Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table
bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)
bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)
Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions
(H+)
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical
Properties -
Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)
Most of the metals are malleable
They are non-malleable but brittle
Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)
Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)
They are non-ductile
Heat and electrical conductivity
Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity
Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity
Lustre (shiny appearance)
Metals are lustrous and can be polished
Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull
Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife
Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)
Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)
Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature
Melting point and Boiling point
Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)
Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)
Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo
Non-metals have low density (they are light)
Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)
Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous
Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)
Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless
Now you are in a state to answer the following -
Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical
Properties -
Chemical Properties
Metals Non-Metals
Reaction with oxygen (of air)
When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal
I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)
II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of
Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)
VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]
Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides
I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2
(g) [acidic]
How to know CO2 is acidic
CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)
VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)
Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all
bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature
bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature
Hence CO2 is acidic in nature
II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]
III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]
Reaction with water
Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas
I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]
II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)
III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)
VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all
Reaction with dilute acids
Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids
2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all
Reaction with salt solutions
A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)
A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution
Reaction with chlorine
Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds
bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]
bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]
bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)
bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)
Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)
Reaction with hydrogen
Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)
Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)
bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because
HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to
water
Now answer the following questions -
Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire
Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs
Uses of Metals -
bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current
bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and
factory equipment
bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels
bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries
Uses of Non-Metals -
bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee
bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for
making fertilizers
bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles
bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells
and dry cells
Answer the Following Questions -
1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This
compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be
a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron
2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch
a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals
b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-
metals
3)
a) What are amphoteric oxides
b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides
4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which
will not
5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen
6) Give reasons for the following
a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery
b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil
c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking
7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties
8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of
iron)
Answer the following Assertion based question
Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -
1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides
2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong
oxidizing agent
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Control and Coordination
All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the
environment around them
The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called
stimuli (singular is stimulus)
The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell
taste touch pressure force of gravity etc
The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of
their body part
Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub
Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil
(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves
So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms
The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system
and endocrine system involving hormones
But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous
system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli
Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic
manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination
ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM
The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)
takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system
Figure 3 Structure of Neuron
Human Nervous
System Neuron
Basic Unit
Types
Sensory Neuron
(Transmits
impulses from
sense organs (ear
skin etc) to
Central Nervous
System (CNS)
Motor Neuron (carries
impulses from brain and
spinal cord to effector
organs)
Relay Neuron
(occur in CNS
where they
serve as link
between other
neurons)
How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another
in the nervous system -
bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in
touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron
bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces
an electrical impulse in it
bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then
along to itrsquos axon
bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of
chemical substance into the synapse (gap)
bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the
dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on
Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a
particular set of neurons)
Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)
Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -
bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action
is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we
immediately remove our hand away from it
Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)
bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc
Figure 6 Reflex Arc
Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)
Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action
The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -
1 Human Brain -
Figure 9 Human brain
Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull
of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium
The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it
The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which
protects the brain from mechanical shocks
The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -
a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the
largest part of the brain
bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors
are present here
bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception
of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)
and muscular activities (frontal lobe)
bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves
b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the
other parts of the brain and spinal cord
bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk
in response to visual and auditory stimuli
c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata
bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body
movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc
bull Pons regulate respiration
bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart
beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as
swallowing coughing etc
2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral
column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord
bull It is also covered by meninges
bull It is the reflex centre of the body
Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions
How does the nervous tissue cause action
The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called
neuro-muscular junction
When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the
muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous
electrical impulses
New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus
bringing about movement in muscles
Figure 11 Neuromuscular function
Answer these MCQs -
1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash
a) Cell body
b) Axonal end
c) Dendritic end
d) Axon
2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -
a) Cell junction
b) Neuro-muscular junction
c) Neural joint
d) Synapse
Answer the following questions -
1) The brain is responsible for -
a) Thinking
b) Regulating the heart beat
c) Balancing the body
d) All of the above
2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors
do not work properly What problems are likely to arise
3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function
4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury
5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism
6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
ASSIGNMENT- 3
HISTORY
Chapter-3 STD10
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
MAIN TOPICS-
The first world war khilafat and non-
cooperation movement
Different stands within the movement
Towards civil disobedience
The sense of collective belonging
IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-
Created new economic and political
situation
Increase in defense expenditure
Increased custom duties and introduction of
income tax
Increased prices of commodities
Forced recruitment of villagers in army
Crop failure shortage of food
Spread of epidemic killing millions of people
IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-
Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea
of Satyagrah and Non-violence
Three experiments of Gandhiji with
Satyagrah
a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against
oppressive plantation system
b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding
relaxation in revenue collection
c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support
of cotton mill workers
ROWLATT ACT (1919) -
Passed by imperial Legislative despite
opposition from Indian members
Government got power to detain political
prisoners for two years without trial
It was intended to curb political activity by
Indians
Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil
disobedience movement starting with hartal
RESULTS -
Massive strike and shutdown of shops and
workshops
Local Amritsar leaders arrested
Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi
Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer
JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-
Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar
gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to
celebrate Baisakhi
General Dyer blocked the only exit and
ordered fire on the gathering that left
hundreds dead
RESULTS-
News of the tragedy spread strikes and
clashes with police began
Government suppressed and humiliated
protestors
Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah
movement
KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT-
Gandhiji intended to unite people especially
Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement
across India
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated
with khilafat committee discussed United
action on khilafat movement along with
Non-cooperation movement
STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-
Surrender of government titles
Boycott of civil services army police courts
Legislative councils and schools
Boycott of foreign goods
Mobilise popular support
DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-
Many within Congress opposed boycott of
council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru
formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress
Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with
compromise and adoption of Non-
cooperation movement
DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-
MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-
bull Middle class participation
bull Schools colleges courts boycotted
boycott of foreign clothes
bull Picketing of liquor shops
bull Harmed colonial economy
SLOWDOWN-
bull Khadi was expensive which poor people
could not afford
bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions
bull Students teachers lawyers joined back
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
दश
बढ़ रहा ह
२ तम अनज क चाचा को चाय पलाओ
तम
अनज क
चाचा को
पलाओ
३हम तम तो इतना भी नह जानत क कटब का पालन कस कया जाता ह
हम
भी
नह
कटब
४ वालय जाकर तम कछ तो पढ़ोग
वालय
जाकर
कछ
पढ़ोग
५ रीना अपन पताजी क साथ दली गई और वहा उसन कतब मीनार दखा
मीना
क साथ
दली
पताजी
क़ तब मीनार
नोट ऊपर लख ए ाया को कॉपी म लखन क आवयकता नह ह
नीच दए गए अयास को मवार तरीक स कर
ाकरणऔर कतका क काय एक ही कॉपी म कर
कॉपी को दो भाग म बाट दपहल भाग म ाकरण और सर भाग म कतका क उर लख
₹₹
प लखन
औपचारक प का ाप
वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए दली परवहन नगम क महाबधक को प लख (ाप उदाहरण वप )
परीा भवन
नई दली
दनाक ३००४२०२० या 30 अल 2020
महाबधक
दली परवहन नगम
इथ टट
नई दली
वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए नवदन
महोदय
वन नवदन ह क यमना पार म सोसाइट इस समय हजार लोग स भरी ह तजी स इस का वकास आ ह औरलोग न यहा बसना श कर दया ह उतनी तजी स परवहन क वथा न हो पान क कारण क नवासय को मीलपदल चलकर मदर डरी क पास पाडव नगर क सामन स बस लनी पड़ती ह कछ बस जो मयर वहार स चलत ह उह पकड़नक लए भी र चलना पड़ता ह ऐस म छोट-छोट बच महलाऔर बजग को भारी असवधा का सामना करना पड़ता हआपस वन नवदन ह क आप हमार हमार स नह बस सवा आरभ कर ताक यहा क वाथय छोट बच महलाअभभावक एव कायालय जान वाल को असवधा ना हो
भवदय
कखग
ननलखत वषय पर प लख
१ चनाव क दन म कायकता घर वालय आद पर चनावी पोटर लगा जात ह इसस लोग को होन वाली असवधा परवचार करत ए कसी दनक समाचार प क सपादक को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म प लख
२ अपन म पड़ पौध क अनयत कटाई को रोकन क लए जला अधकारी को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म एक पलख
३ आपक म आए दन चोरया हो रही ह प ारा पलस कमर को इसक शकायत करत ए गत बढ़ान का अनरोधकरत ए 80 स 100 100 स शद म प लख
४ चक बक खो जान क सचना दत ए अपन बक क बधक को 80 स 100 शद म प लख
नोट सार प ऊपर दए ए ाप क अनप ही लख
इस काय को मवार ढग स ाकरण क कॉपी म कर
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Assignment - 3 Subject - Physics Class 10 Notes Chapter - Human Eye And The Colourful World Topic - Human Eye- Introduction Diagram of human eye
Name of
the part
Characteristic Function
Cornea Transparent spherical membrane
covering the front part of the eye
Light enters the eye through this
membrane Most of the refraction
happens here
Eye lens transparent biconvex structure in
the eye
provides finer adjustment
required to focus objects on the
retina
Iris Dark muscular diaphragm between
the cornea and the lens
controls the size of the pupil
Pupil An opening between the iris through
which light enters the eye
regulates the amount of light
entering the eye
Ciliary
Muscle
Attached to the eye lens hold the lens in position and
modify the curvature of the lens
and accommodate the focal
length
Retina light-sensitive surface of an eye
Which act as screen on which the
image is formed
generate signals which are
transmitted to the brain through
optical nerves
Optic
nerve
Attached to retina transmits visual information from
the retina to the brain
Power of Accommodation
The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called accommodation This is done by changing the curvature of the eye lens
The minimum distance at which objects can be seen most distinctly without strain is called near point of the eye It is 25 cm for a normal human eye
The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly is called the far point of the eye It is infinity for a normal eye
Various Defects of vision and their correction
1 Myopia or short sightedness 2 Hypermetropia or long sightedness 3 Presbiopia
Myopia Myopia It is also known as nearsightedness A person with myopia can see nearby objects
clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctly Itrsquos far point is nearer than infinity Image is formed before the retina in a myopic eye
Cause of Myopia - 1 excessive curvature of of the eye lens or 2 Elongation of the eye ball Correction- It can be corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power Here are the ray
diagrams for a myopic eye and its correction ndash
Assignment 3 1 What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye 2 Why ist the normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm 3 Write the function of a)iris b)ciliary muscle c) retina 4 What is the far piont and near point of the human eye with normal vision 5 The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem 6 What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye 7 A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row What could be the defect the child is suffering from How can it be corrected 8 What is myopia What are its causes and how it can be corrected Also show diagrams of defective eye and corrected eye 9 Name the light sensitive cells and write its function 10 What is the diameter of our eye
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Metals and Non-metals
Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as
differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements
can be classified into 3 groups -
Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth
Elements
Metals (they loose
electrons and
form positive ions)
Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg
Au
Metalloids
(show both
characteristics ndash
metallic as well as non-
metallic)
Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te
Non-metals (they
gain electrons and
form negative
ions)
Eg-C O Cl N H
He
Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals
Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table
bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)
bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)
Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions
(H+)
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical
Properties -
Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)
Most of the metals are malleable
They are non-malleable but brittle
Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)
Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)
They are non-ductile
Heat and electrical conductivity
Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity
Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity
Lustre (shiny appearance)
Metals are lustrous and can be polished
Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull
Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife
Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)
Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)
Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature
Melting point and Boiling point
Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)
Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)
Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo
Non-metals have low density (they are light)
Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)
Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous
Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)
Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless
Now you are in a state to answer the following -
Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical
Properties -
Chemical Properties
Metals Non-Metals
Reaction with oxygen (of air)
When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal
I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)
II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of
Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)
VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]
Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides
I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2
(g) [acidic]
How to know CO2 is acidic
CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)
VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)
Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all
bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature
bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature
Hence CO2 is acidic in nature
II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]
III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]
Reaction with water
Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas
I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]
II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)
III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)
VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all
Reaction with dilute acids
Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids
2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all
Reaction with salt solutions
A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)
A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution
Reaction with chlorine
Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds
bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]
bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]
bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)
bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)
Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)
Reaction with hydrogen
Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)
Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)
bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because
HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to
water
Now answer the following questions -
Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire
Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs
Uses of Metals -
bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current
bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and
factory equipment
bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels
bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries
Uses of Non-Metals -
bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee
bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for
making fertilizers
bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles
bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells
and dry cells
Answer the Following Questions -
1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This
compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be
a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron
2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch
a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals
b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-
metals
3)
a) What are amphoteric oxides
b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides
4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which
will not
5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen
6) Give reasons for the following
a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery
b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil
c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking
7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties
8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of
iron)
Answer the following Assertion based question
Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -
1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides
2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong
oxidizing agent
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Control and Coordination
All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the
environment around them
The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called
stimuli (singular is stimulus)
The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell
taste touch pressure force of gravity etc
The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of
their body part
Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub
Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil
(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves
So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms
The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system
and endocrine system involving hormones
But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous
system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli
Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic
manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination
ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM
The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)
takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system
Figure 3 Structure of Neuron
Human Nervous
System Neuron
Basic Unit
Types
Sensory Neuron
(Transmits
impulses from
sense organs (ear
skin etc) to
Central Nervous
System (CNS)
Motor Neuron (carries
impulses from brain and
spinal cord to effector
organs)
Relay Neuron
(occur in CNS
where they
serve as link
between other
neurons)
How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another
in the nervous system -
bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in
touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron
bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces
an electrical impulse in it
bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then
along to itrsquos axon
bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of
chemical substance into the synapse (gap)
bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the
dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on
Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a
particular set of neurons)
Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)
Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -
bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action
is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we
immediately remove our hand away from it
Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)
bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc
Figure 6 Reflex Arc
Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)
Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action
The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -
1 Human Brain -
Figure 9 Human brain
Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull
of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium
The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it
The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which
protects the brain from mechanical shocks
The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -
a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the
largest part of the brain
bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors
are present here
bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception
of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)
and muscular activities (frontal lobe)
bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves
b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the
other parts of the brain and spinal cord
bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk
in response to visual and auditory stimuli
c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata
bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body
movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc
bull Pons regulate respiration
bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart
beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as
swallowing coughing etc
2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral
column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord
bull It is also covered by meninges
bull It is the reflex centre of the body
Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions
How does the nervous tissue cause action
The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called
neuro-muscular junction
When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the
muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous
electrical impulses
New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus
bringing about movement in muscles
Figure 11 Neuromuscular function
Answer these MCQs -
1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash
a) Cell body
b) Axonal end
c) Dendritic end
d) Axon
2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -
a) Cell junction
b) Neuro-muscular junction
c) Neural joint
d) Synapse
Answer the following questions -
1) The brain is responsible for -
a) Thinking
b) Regulating the heart beat
c) Balancing the body
d) All of the above
2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors
do not work properly What problems are likely to arise
3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function
4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury
5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism
6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
ASSIGNMENT- 3
HISTORY
Chapter-3 STD10
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
MAIN TOPICS-
The first world war khilafat and non-
cooperation movement
Different stands within the movement
Towards civil disobedience
The sense of collective belonging
IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-
Created new economic and political
situation
Increase in defense expenditure
Increased custom duties and introduction of
income tax
Increased prices of commodities
Forced recruitment of villagers in army
Crop failure shortage of food
Spread of epidemic killing millions of people
IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-
Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea
of Satyagrah and Non-violence
Three experiments of Gandhiji with
Satyagrah
a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against
oppressive plantation system
b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding
relaxation in revenue collection
c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support
of cotton mill workers
ROWLATT ACT (1919) -
Passed by imperial Legislative despite
opposition from Indian members
Government got power to detain political
prisoners for two years without trial
It was intended to curb political activity by
Indians
Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil
disobedience movement starting with hartal
RESULTS -
Massive strike and shutdown of shops and
workshops
Local Amritsar leaders arrested
Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi
Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer
JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-
Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar
gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to
celebrate Baisakhi
General Dyer blocked the only exit and
ordered fire on the gathering that left
hundreds dead
RESULTS-
News of the tragedy spread strikes and
clashes with police began
Government suppressed and humiliated
protestors
Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah
movement
KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT-
Gandhiji intended to unite people especially
Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement
across India
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated
with khilafat committee discussed United
action on khilafat movement along with
Non-cooperation movement
STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-
Surrender of government titles
Boycott of civil services army police courts
Legislative councils and schools
Boycott of foreign goods
Mobilise popular support
DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-
Many within Congress opposed boycott of
council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru
formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress
Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with
compromise and adoption of Non-
cooperation movement
DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-
MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-
bull Middle class participation
bull Schools colleges courts boycotted
boycott of foreign clothes
bull Picketing of liquor shops
bull Harmed colonial economy
SLOWDOWN-
bull Khadi was expensive which poor people
could not afford
bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions
bull Students teachers lawyers joined back
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
कॉपी को दो भाग म बाट दपहल भाग म ाकरण और सर भाग म कतका क उर लख
₹₹
प लखन
औपचारक प का ाप
वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए दली परवहन नगम क महाबधक को प लख (ाप उदाहरण वप )
परीा भवन
नई दली
दनाक ३००४२०२० या 30 अल 2020
महाबधक
दली परवहन नगम
इथ टट
नई दली
वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए नवदन
महोदय
वन नवदन ह क यमना पार म सोसाइट इस समय हजार लोग स भरी ह तजी स इस का वकास आ ह औरलोग न यहा बसना श कर दया ह उतनी तजी स परवहन क वथा न हो पान क कारण क नवासय को मीलपदल चलकर मदर डरी क पास पाडव नगर क सामन स बस लनी पड़ती ह कछ बस जो मयर वहार स चलत ह उह पकड़नक लए भी र चलना पड़ता ह ऐस म छोट-छोट बच महलाऔर बजग को भारी असवधा का सामना करना पड़ता हआपस वन नवदन ह क आप हमार हमार स नह बस सवा आरभ कर ताक यहा क वाथय छोट बच महलाअभभावक एव कायालय जान वाल को असवधा ना हो
भवदय
कखग
ननलखत वषय पर प लख
१ चनाव क दन म कायकता घर वालय आद पर चनावी पोटर लगा जात ह इसस लोग को होन वाली असवधा परवचार करत ए कसी दनक समाचार प क सपादक को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म प लख
२ अपन म पड़ पौध क अनयत कटाई को रोकन क लए जला अधकारी को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म एक पलख
३ आपक म आए दन चोरया हो रही ह प ारा पलस कमर को इसक शकायत करत ए गत बढ़ान का अनरोधकरत ए 80 स 100 100 स शद म प लख
४ चक बक खो जान क सचना दत ए अपन बक क बधक को 80 स 100 शद म प लख
नोट सार प ऊपर दए ए ाप क अनप ही लख
इस काय को मवार ढग स ाकरण क कॉपी म कर
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Scanned by TapScanner
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Assignment - 3 Subject - Physics Class 10 Notes Chapter - Human Eye And The Colourful World Topic - Human Eye- Introduction Diagram of human eye
Name of
the part
Characteristic Function
Cornea Transparent spherical membrane
covering the front part of the eye
Light enters the eye through this
membrane Most of the refraction
happens here
Eye lens transparent biconvex structure in
the eye
provides finer adjustment
required to focus objects on the
retina
Iris Dark muscular diaphragm between
the cornea and the lens
controls the size of the pupil
Pupil An opening between the iris through
which light enters the eye
regulates the amount of light
entering the eye
Ciliary
Muscle
Attached to the eye lens hold the lens in position and
modify the curvature of the lens
and accommodate the focal
length
Retina light-sensitive surface of an eye
Which act as screen on which the
image is formed
generate signals which are
transmitted to the brain through
optical nerves
Optic
nerve
Attached to retina transmits visual information from
the retina to the brain
Power of Accommodation
The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called accommodation This is done by changing the curvature of the eye lens
The minimum distance at which objects can be seen most distinctly without strain is called near point of the eye It is 25 cm for a normal human eye
The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly is called the far point of the eye It is infinity for a normal eye
Various Defects of vision and their correction
1 Myopia or short sightedness 2 Hypermetropia or long sightedness 3 Presbiopia
Myopia Myopia It is also known as nearsightedness A person with myopia can see nearby objects
clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctly Itrsquos far point is nearer than infinity Image is formed before the retina in a myopic eye
Cause of Myopia - 1 excessive curvature of of the eye lens or 2 Elongation of the eye ball Correction- It can be corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power Here are the ray
diagrams for a myopic eye and its correction ndash
Assignment 3 1 What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye 2 Why ist the normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm 3 Write the function of a)iris b)ciliary muscle c) retina 4 What is the far piont and near point of the human eye with normal vision 5 The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem 6 What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye 7 A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row What could be the defect the child is suffering from How can it be corrected 8 What is myopia What are its causes and how it can be corrected Also show diagrams of defective eye and corrected eye 9 Name the light sensitive cells and write its function 10 What is the diameter of our eye
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Metals and Non-metals
Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as
differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements
can be classified into 3 groups -
Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth
Elements
Metals (they loose
electrons and
form positive ions)
Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg
Au
Metalloids
(show both
characteristics ndash
metallic as well as non-
metallic)
Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te
Non-metals (they
gain electrons and
form negative
ions)
Eg-C O Cl N H
He
Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals
Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table
bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)
bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)
Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions
(H+)
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical
Properties -
Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)
Most of the metals are malleable
They are non-malleable but brittle
Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)
Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)
They are non-ductile
Heat and electrical conductivity
Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity
Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity
Lustre (shiny appearance)
Metals are lustrous and can be polished
Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull
Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife
Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)
Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)
Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature
Melting point and Boiling point
Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)
Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)
Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo
Non-metals have low density (they are light)
Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)
Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous
Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)
Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless
Now you are in a state to answer the following -
Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical
Properties -
Chemical Properties
Metals Non-Metals
Reaction with oxygen (of air)
When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal
I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)
II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of
Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)
VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]
Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides
I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2
(g) [acidic]
How to know CO2 is acidic
CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)
VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)
Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all
bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature
bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature
Hence CO2 is acidic in nature
II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]
III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]
Reaction with water
Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas
I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]
II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)
III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)
VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all
Reaction with dilute acids
Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids
2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all
Reaction with salt solutions
A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)
A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution
Reaction with chlorine
Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds
bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]
bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]
bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)
bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)
Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)
Reaction with hydrogen
Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)
Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)
bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because
HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to
water
Now answer the following questions -
Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire
Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs
Uses of Metals -
bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current
bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and
factory equipment
bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels
bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries
Uses of Non-Metals -
bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee
bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for
making fertilizers
bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles
bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells
and dry cells
Answer the Following Questions -
1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This
compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be
a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron
2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch
a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals
b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-
metals
3)
a) What are amphoteric oxides
b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides
4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which
will not
5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen
6) Give reasons for the following
a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery
b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil
c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking
7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties
8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of
iron)
Answer the following Assertion based question
Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -
1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides
2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong
oxidizing agent
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Control and Coordination
All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the
environment around them
The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called
stimuli (singular is stimulus)
The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell
taste touch pressure force of gravity etc
The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of
their body part
Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub
Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil
(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves
So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms
The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system
and endocrine system involving hormones
But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous
system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli
Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic
manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination
ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM
The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)
takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system
Figure 3 Structure of Neuron
Human Nervous
System Neuron
Basic Unit
Types
Sensory Neuron
(Transmits
impulses from
sense organs (ear
skin etc) to
Central Nervous
System (CNS)
Motor Neuron (carries
impulses from brain and
spinal cord to effector
organs)
Relay Neuron
(occur in CNS
where they
serve as link
between other
neurons)
How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another
in the nervous system -
bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in
touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron
bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces
an electrical impulse in it
bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then
along to itrsquos axon
bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of
chemical substance into the synapse (gap)
bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the
dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on
Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a
particular set of neurons)
Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)
Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -
bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action
is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we
immediately remove our hand away from it
Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)
bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc
Figure 6 Reflex Arc
Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)
Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action
The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -
1 Human Brain -
Figure 9 Human brain
Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull
of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium
The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it
The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which
protects the brain from mechanical shocks
The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -
a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the
largest part of the brain
bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors
are present here
bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception
of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)
and muscular activities (frontal lobe)
bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves
b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the
other parts of the brain and spinal cord
bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk
in response to visual and auditory stimuli
c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata
bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body
movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc
bull Pons regulate respiration
bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart
beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as
swallowing coughing etc
2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral
column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord
bull It is also covered by meninges
bull It is the reflex centre of the body
Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions
How does the nervous tissue cause action
The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called
neuro-muscular junction
When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the
muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous
electrical impulses
New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus
bringing about movement in muscles
Figure 11 Neuromuscular function
Answer these MCQs -
1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash
a) Cell body
b) Axonal end
c) Dendritic end
d) Axon
2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -
a) Cell junction
b) Neuro-muscular junction
c) Neural joint
d) Synapse
Answer the following questions -
1) The brain is responsible for -
a) Thinking
b) Regulating the heart beat
c) Balancing the body
d) All of the above
2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors
do not work properly What problems are likely to arise
3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function
4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury
5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism
6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
ASSIGNMENT- 3
HISTORY
Chapter-3 STD10
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
MAIN TOPICS-
The first world war khilafat and non-
cooperation movement
Different stands within the movement
Towards civil disobedience
The sense of collective belonging
IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-
Created new economic and political
situation
Increase in defense expenditure
Increased custom duties and introduction of
income tax
Increased prices of commodities
Forced recruitment of villagers in army
Crop failure shortage of food
Spread of epidemic killing millions of people
IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-
Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea
of Satyagrah and Non-violence
Three experiments of Gandhiji with
Satyagrah
a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against
oppressive plantation system
b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding
relaxation in revenue collection
c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support
of cotton mill workers
ROWLATT ACT (1919) -
Passed by imperial Legislative despite
opposition from Indian members
Government got power to detain political
prisoners for two years without trial
It was intended to curb political activity by
Indians
Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil
disobedience movement starting with hartal
RESULTS -
Massive strike and shutdown of shops and
workshops
Local Amritsar leaders arrested
Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi
Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer
JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-
Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar
gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to
celebrate Baisakhi
General Dyer blocked the only exit and
ordered fire on the gathering that left
hundreds dead
RESULTS-
News of the tragedy spread strikes and
clashes with police began
Government suppressed and humiliated
protestors
Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah
movement
KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT-
Gandhiji intended to unite people especially
Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement
across India
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated
with khilafat committee discussed United
action on khilafat movement along with
Non-cooperation movement
STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-
Surrender of government titles
Boycott of civil services army police courts
Legislative councils and schools
Boycott of foreign goods
Mobilise popular support
DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-
Many within Congress opposed boycott of
council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru
formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress
Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with
compromise and adoption of Non-
cooperation movement
DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-
MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-
bull Middle class participation
bull Schools colleges courts boycotted
boycott of foreign clothes
bull Picketing of liquor shops
bull Harmed colonial economy
SLOWDOWN-
bull Khadi was expensive which poor people
could not afford
bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions
bull Students teachers lawyers joined back
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
२ अपन म पड़ पौध क अनयत कटाई को रोकन क लए जला अधकारी को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म एक पलख
३ आपक म आए दन चोरया हो रही ह प ारा पलस कमर को इसक शकायत करत ए गत बढ़ान का अनरोधकरत ए 80 स 100 100 स शद म प लख
४ चक बक खो जान क सचना दत ए अपन बक क बधक को 80 स 100 शद म प लख
नोट सार प ऊपर दए ए ाप क अनप ही लख
इस काय को मवार ढग स ाकरण क कॉपी म कर
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Assignment - 3 Subject - Physics Class 10 Notes Chapter - Human Eye And The Colourful World Topic - Human Eye- Introduction Diagram of human eye
Name of
the part
Characteristic Function
Cornea Transparent spherical membrane
covering the front part of the eye
Light enters the eye through this
membrane Most of the refraction
happens here
Eye lens transparent biconvex structure in
the eye
provides finer adjustment
required to focus objects on the
retina
Iris Dark muscular diaphragm between
the cornea and the lens
controls the size of the pupil
Pupil An opening between the iris through
which light enters the eye
regulates the amount of light
entering the eye
Ciliary
Muscle
Attached to the eye lens hold the lens in position and
modify the curvature of the lens
and accommodate the focal
length
Retina light-sensitive surface of an eye
Which act as screen on which the
image is formed
generate signals which are
transmitted to the brain through
optical nerves
Optic
nerve
Attached to retina transmits visual information from
the retina to the brain
Power of Accommodation
The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called accommodation This is done by changing the curvature of the eye lens
The minimum distance at which objects can be seen most distinctly without strain is called near point of the eye It is 25 cm for a normal human eye
The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly is called the far point of the eye It is infinity for a normal eye
Various Defects of vision and their correction
1 Myopia or short sightedness 2 Hypermetropia or long sightedness 3 Presbiopia
Myopia Myopia It is also known as nearsightedness A person with myopia can see nearby objects
clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctly Itrsquos far point is nearer than infinity Image is formed before the retina in a myopic eye
Cause of Myopia - 1 excessive curvature of of the eye lens or 2 Elongation of the eye ball Correction- It can be corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power Here are the ray
diagrams for a myopic eye and its correction ndash
Assignment 3 1 What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye 2 Why ist the normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm 3 Write the function of a)iris b)ciliary muscle c) retina 4 What is the far piont and near point of the human eye with normal vision 5 The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem 6 What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye 7 A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row What could be the defect the child is suffering from How can it be corrected 8 What is myopia What are its causes and how it can be corrected Also show diagrams of defective eye and corrected eye 9 Name the light sensitive cells and write its function 10 What is the diameter of our eye
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Metals and Non-metals
Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as
differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements
can be classified into 3 groups -
Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth
Elements
Metals (they loose
electrons and
form positive ions)
Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg
Au
Metalloids
(show both
characteristics ndash
metallic as well as non-
metallic)
Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te
Non-metals (they
gain electrons and
form negative
ions)
Eg-C O Cl N H
He
Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals
Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table
bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)
bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)
Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions
(H+)
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical
Properties -
Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)
Most of the metals are malleable
They are non-malleable but brittle
Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)
Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)
They are non-ductile
Heat and electrical conductivity
Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity
Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity
Lustre (shiny appearance)
Metals are lustrous and can be polished
Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull
Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife
Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)
Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)
Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature
Melting point and Boiling point
Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)
Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)
Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo
Non-metals have low density (they are light)
Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)
Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous
Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)
Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless
Now you are in a state to answer the following -
Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical
Properties -
Chemical Properties
Metals Non-Metals
Reaction with oxygen (of air)
When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal
I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)
II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of
Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)
VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]
Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides
I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2
(g) [acidic]
How to know CO2 is acidic
CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)
VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)
Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all
bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature
bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature
Hence CO2 is acidic in nature
II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]
III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]
Reaction with water
Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas
I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]
II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)
III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)
VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all
Reaction with dilute acids
Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids
2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all
Reaction with salt solutions
A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)
A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution
Reaction with chlorine
Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds
bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]
bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]
bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)
bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)
Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)
Reaction with hydrogen
Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)
Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)
bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because
HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to
water
Now answer the following questions -
Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire
Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs
Uses of Metals -
bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current
bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and
factory equipment
bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels
bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries
Uses of Non-Metals -
bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee
bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for
making fertilizers
bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles
bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells
and dry cells
Answer the Following Questions -
1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This
compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be
a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron
2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch
a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals
b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-
metals
3)
a) What are amphoteric oxides
b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides
4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which
will not
5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen
6) Give reasons for the following
a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery
b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil
c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking
7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties
8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of
iron)
Answer the following Assertion based question
Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -
1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides
2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong
oxidizing agent
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Control and Coordination
All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the
environment around them
The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called
stimuli (singular is stimulus)
The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell
taste touch pressure force of gravity etc
The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of
their body part
Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub
Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil
(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves
So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms
The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system
and endocrine system involving hormones
But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous
system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli
Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic
manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination
ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM
The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)
takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system
Figure 3 Structure of Neuron
Human Nervous
System Neuron
Basic Unit
Types
Sensory Neuron
(Transmits
impulses from
sense organs (ear
skin etc) to
Central Nervous
System (CNS)
Motor Neuron (carries
impulses from brain and
spinal cord to effector
organs)
Relay Neuron
(occur in CNS
where they
serve as link
between other
neurons)
How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another
in the nervous system -
bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in
touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron
bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces
an electrical impulse in it
bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then
along to itrsquos axon
bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of
chemical substance into the synapse (gap)
bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the
dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on
Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a
particular set of neurons)
Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)
Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -
bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action
is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we
immediately remove our hand away from it
Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)
bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc
Figure 6 Reflex Arc
Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)
Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action
The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -
1 Human Brain -
Figure 9 Human brain
Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull
of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium
The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it
The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which
protects the brain from mechanical shocks
The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -
a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the
largest part of the brain
bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors
are present here
bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception
of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)
and muscular activities (frontal lobe)
bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves
b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the
other parts of the brain and spinal cord
bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk
in response to visual and auditory stimuli
c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata
bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body
movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc
bull Pons regulate respiration
bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart
beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as
swallowing coughing etc
2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral
column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord
bull It is also covered by meninges
bull It is the reflex centre of the body
Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions
How does the nervous tissue cause action
The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called
neuro-muscular junction
When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the
muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous
electrical impulses
New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus
bringing about movement in muscles
Figure 11 Neuromuscular function
Answer these MCQs -
1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash
a) Cell body
b) Axonal end
c) Dendritic end
d) Axon
2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -
a) Cell junction
b) Neuro-muscular junction
c) Neural joint
d) Synapse
Answer the following questions -
1) The brain is responsible for -
a) Thinking
b) Regulating the heart beat
c) Balancing the body
d) All of the above
2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors
do not work properly What problems are likely to arise
3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function
4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury
5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism
6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
ASSIGNMENT- 3
HISTORY
Chapter-3 STD10
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
MAIN TOPICS-
The first world war khilafat and non-
cooperation movement
Different stands within the movement
Towards civil disobedience
The sense of collective belonging
IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-
Created new economic and political
situation
Increase in defense expenditure
Increased custom duties and introduction of
income tax
Increased prices of commodities
Forced recruitment of villagers in army
Crop failure shortage of food
Spread of epidemic killing millions of people
IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-
Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea
of Satyagrah and Non-violence
Three experiments of Gandhiji with
Satyagrah
a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against
oppressive plantation system
b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding
relaxation in revenue collection
c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support
of cotton mill workers
ROWLATT ACT (1919) -
Passed by imperial Legislative despite
opposition from Indian members
Government got power to detain political
prisoners for two years without trial
It was intended to curb political activity by
Indians
Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil
disobedience movement starting with hartal
RESULTS -
Massive strike and shutdown of shops and
workshops
Local Amritsar leaders arrested
Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi
Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer
JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-
Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar
gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to
celebrate Baisakhi
General Dyer blocked the only exit and
ordered fire on the gathering that left
hundreds dead
RESULTS-
News of the tragedy spread strikes and
clashes with police began
Government suppressed and humiliated
protestors
Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah
movement
KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT-
Gandhiji intended to unite people especially
Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement
across India
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated
with khilafat committee discussed United
action on khilafat movement along with
Non-cooperation movement
STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-
Surrender of government titles
Boycott of civil services army police courts
Legislative councils and schools
Boycott of foreign goods
Mobilise popular support
DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-
Many within Congress opposed boycott of
council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru
formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress
Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with
compromise and adoption of Non-
cooperation movement
DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-
MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-
bull Middle class participation
bull Schools colleges courts boycotted
boycott of foreign clothes
bull Picketing of liquor shops
bull Harmed colonial economy
SLOWDOWN-
bull Khadi was expensive which poor people
could not afford
bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions
bull Students teachers lawyers joined back
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
Scanned by TapScanner
Scanned by TapScanner
Scanned by TapScanner
Scanned by TapScanner
Scanned by TapScanner
Scanned by TapScanner
Assignment - 3 Subject - Physics Class 10 Notes Chapter - Human Eye And The Colourful World Topic - Human Eye- Introduction Diagram of human eye
Name of
the part
Characteristic Function
Cornea Transparent spherical membrane
covering the front part of the eye
Light enters the eye through this
membrane Most of the refraction
happens here
Eye lens transparent biconvex structure in
the eye
provides finer adjustment
required to focus objects on the
retina
Iris Dark muscular diaphragm between
the cornea and the lens
controls the size of the pupil
Pupil An opening between the iris through
which light enters the eye
regulates the amount of light
entering the eye
Ciliary
Muscle
Attached to the eye lens hold the lens in position and
modify the curvature of the lens
and accommodate the focal
length
Retina light-sensitive surface of an eye
Which act as screen on which the
image is formed
generate signals which are
transmitted to the brain through
optical nerves
Optic
nerve
Attached to retina transmits visual information from
the retina to the brain
Power of Accommodation
The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called accommodation This is done by changing the curvature of the eye lens
The minimum distance at which objects can be seen most distinctly without strain is called near point of the eye It is 25 cm for a normal human eye
The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly is called the far point of the eye It is infinity for a normal eye
Various Defects of vision and their correction
1 Myopia or short sightedness 2 Hypermetropia or long sightedness 3 Presbiopia
Myopia Myopia It is also known as nearsightedness A person with myopia can see nearby objects
clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctly Itrsquos far point is nearer than infinity Image is formed before the retina in a myopic eye
Cause of Myopia - 1 excessive curvature of of the eye lens or 2 Elongation of the eye ball Correction- It can be corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power Here are the ray
diagrams for a myopic eye and its correction ndash
Assignment 3 1 What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye 2 Why ist the normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm 3 Write the function of a)iris b)ciliary muscle c) retina 4 What is the far piont and near point of the human eye with normal vision 5 The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem 6 What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye 7 A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row What could be the defect the child is suffering from How can it be corrected 8 What is myopia What are its causes and how it can be corrected Also show diagrams of defective eye and corrected eye 9 Name the light sensitive cells and write its function 10 What is the diameter of our eye
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Metals and Non-metals
Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as
differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements
can be classified into 3 groups -
Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth
Elements
Metals (they loose
electrons and
form positive ions)
Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg
Au
Metalloids
(show both
characteristics ndash
metallic as well as non-
metallic)
Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te
Non-metals (they
gain electrons and
form negative
ions)
Eg-C O Cl N H
He
Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals
Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table
bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)
bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)
Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions
(H+)
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical
Properties -
Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)
Most of the metals are malleable
They are non-malleable but brittle
Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)
Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)
They are non-ductile
Heat and electrical conductivity
Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity
Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity
Lustre (shiny appearance)
Metals are lustrous and can be polished
Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull
Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife
Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)
Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)
Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature
Melting point and Boiling point
Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)
Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)
Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo
Non-metals have low density (they are light)
Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)
Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous
Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)
Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless
Now you are in a state to answer the following -
Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical
Properties -
Chemical Properties
Metals Non-Metals
Reaction with oxygen (of air)
When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal
I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)
II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of
Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)
VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]
Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides
I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2
(g) [acidic]
How to know CO2 is acidic
CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)
VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)
Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all
bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature
bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature
Hence CO2 is acidic in nature
II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]
III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]
Reaction with water
Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas
I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]
II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)
III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)
VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all
Reaction with dilute acids
Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids
2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all
Reaction with salt solutions
A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)
A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution
Reaction with chlorine
Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds
bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]
bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]
bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)
bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)
Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)
Reaction with hydrogen
Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)
Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)
bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because
HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to
water
Now answer the following questions -
Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire
Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs
Uses of Metals -
bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current
bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and
factory equipment
bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels
bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries
Uses of Non-Metals -
bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee
bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for
making fertilizers
bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles
bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells
and dry cells
Answer the Following Questions -
1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This
compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be
a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron
2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch
a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals
b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-
metals
3)
a) What are amphoteric oxides
b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides
4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which
will not
5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen
6) Give reasons for the following
a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery
b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil
c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking
7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties
8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of
iron)
Answer the following Assertion based question
Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -
1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides
2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong
oxidizing agent
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Control and Coordination
All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the
environment around them
The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called
stimuli (singular is stimulus)
The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell
taste touch pressure force of gravity etc
The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of
their body part
Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub
Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil
(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves
So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms
The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system
and endocrine system involving hormones
But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous
system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli
Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic
manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination
ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM
The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)
takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system
Figure 3 Structure of Neuron
Human Nervous
System Neuron
Basic Unit
Types
Sensory Neuron
(Transmits
impulses from
sense organs (ear
skin etc) to
Central Nervous
System (CNS)
Motor Neuron (carries
impulses from brain and
spinal cord to effector
organs)
Relay Neuron
(occur in CNS
where they
serve as link
between other
neurons)
How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another
in the nervous system -
bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in
touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron
bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces
an electrical impulse in it
bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then
along to itrsquos axon
bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of
chemical substance into the synapse (gap)
bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the
dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on
Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a
particular set of neurons)
Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)
Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -
bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action
is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we
immediately remove our hand away from it
Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)
bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc
Figure 6 Reflex Arc
Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)
Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action
The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -
1 Human Brain -
Figure 9 Human brain
Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull
of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium
The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it
The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which
protects the brain from mechanical shocks
The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -
a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the
largest part of the brain
bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors
are present here
bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception
of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)
and muscular activities (frontal lobe)
bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves
b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the
other parts of the brain and spinal cord
bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk
in response to visual and auditory stimuli
c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata
bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body
movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc
bull Pons regulate respiration
bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart
beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as
swallowing coughing etc
2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral
column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord
bull It is also covered by meninges
bull It is the reflex centre of the body
Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions
How does the nervous tissue cause action
The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called
neuro-muscular junction
When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the
muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous
electrical impulses
New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus
bringing about movement in muscles
Figure 11 Neuromuscular function
Answer these MCQs -
1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash
a) Cell body
b) Axonal end
c) Dendritic end
d) Axon
2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -
a) Cell junction
b) Neuro-muscular junction
c) Neural joint
d) Synapse
Answer the following questions -
1) The brain is responsible for -
a) Thinking
b) Regulating the heart beat
c) Balancing the body
d) All of the above
2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors
do not work properly What problems are likely to arise
3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function
4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury
5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism
6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
ASSIGNMENT- 3
HISTORY
Chapter-3 STD10
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
MAIN TOPICS-
The first world war khilafat and non-
cooperation movement
Different stands within the movement
Towards civil disobedience
The sense of collective belonging
IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-
Created new economic and political
situation
Increase in defense expenditure
Increased custom duties and introduction of
income tax
Increased prices of commodities
Forced recruitment of villagers in army
Crop failure shortage of food
Spread of epidemic killing millions of people
IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-
Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea
of Satyagrah and Non-violence
Three experiments of Gandhiji with
Satyagrah
a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against
oppressive plantation system
b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding
relaxation in revenue collection
c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support
of cotton mill workers
ROWLATT ACT (1919) -
Passed by imperial Legislative despite
opposition from Indian members
Government got power to detain political
prisoners for two years without trial
It was intended to curb political activity by
Indians
Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil
disobedience movement starting with hartal
RESULTS -
Massive strike and shutdown of shops and
workshops
Local Amritsar leaders arrested
Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi
Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer
JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-
Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar
gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to
celebrate Baisakhi
General Dyer blocked the only exit and
ordered fire on the gathering that left
hundreds dead
RESULTS-
News of the tragedy spread strikes and
clashes with police began
Government suppressed and humiliated
protestors
Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah
movement
KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT-
Gandhiji intended to unite people especially
Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement
across India
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated
with khilafat committee discussed United
action on khilafat movement along with
Non-cooperation movement
STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-
Surrender of government titles
Boycott of civil services army police courts
Legislative councils and schools
Boycott of foreign goods
Mobilise popular support
DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-
Many within Congress opposed boycott of
council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru
formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress
Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with
compromise and adoption of Non-
cooperation movement
DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-
MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-
bull Middle class participation
bull Schools colleges courts boycotted
boycott of foreign clothes
bull Picketing of liquor shops
bull Harmed colonial economy
SLOWDOWN-
bull Khadi was expensive which poor people
could not afford
bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions
bull Students teachers lawyers joined back
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
Scanned by TapScanner
Scanned by TapScanner
Scanned by TapScanner
Scanned by TapScanner
Scanned by TapScanner
Assignment - 3 Subject - Physics Class 10 Notes Chapter - Human Eye And The Colourful World Topic - Human Eye- Introduction Diagram of human eye
Name of
the part
Characteristic Function
Cornea Transparent spherical membrane
covering the front part of the eye
Light enters the eye through this
membrane Most of the refraction
happens here
Eye lens transparent biconvex structure in
the eye
provides finer adjustment
required to focus objects on the
retina
Iris Dark muscular diaphragm between
the cornea and the lens
controls the size of the pupil
Pupil An opening between the iris through
which light enters the eye
regulates the amount of light
entering the eye
Ciliary
Muscle
Attached to the eye lens hold the lens in position and
modify the curvature of the lens
and accommodate the focal
length
Retina light-sensitive surface of an eye
Which act as screen on which the
image is formed
generate signals which are
transmitted to the brain through
optical nerves
Optic
nerve
Attached to retina transmits visual information from
the retina to the brain
Power of Accommodation
The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called accommodation This is done by changing the curvature of the eye lens
The minimum distance at which objects can be seen most distinctly without strain is called near point of the eye It is 25 cm for a normal human eye
The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly is called the far point of the eye It is infinity for a normal eye
Various Defects of vision and their correction
1 Myopia or short sightedness 2 Hypermetropia or long sightedness 3 Presbiopia
Myopia Myopia It is also known as nearsightedness A person with myopia can see nearby objects
clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctly Itrsquos far point is nearer than infinity Image is formed before the retina in a myopic eye
Cause of Myopia - 1 excessive curvature of of the eye lens or 2 Elongation of the eye ball Correction- It can be corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power Here are the ray
diagrams for a myopic eye and its correction ndash
Assignment 3 1 What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye 2 Why ist the normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm 3 Write the function of a)iris b)ciliary muscle c) retina 4 What is the far piont and near point of the human eye with normal vision 5 The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem 6 What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye 7 A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row What could be the defect the child is suffering from How can it be corrected 8 What is myopia What are its causes and how it can be corrected Also show diagrams of defective eye and corrected eye 9 Name the light sensitive cells and write its function 10 What is the diameter of our eye
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Metals and Non-metals
Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as
differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements
can be classified into 3 groups -
Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth
Elements
Metals (they loose
electrons and
form positive ions)
Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg
Au
Metalloids
(show both
characteristics ndash
metallic as well as non-
metallic)
Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te
Non-metals (they
gain electrons and
form negative
ions)
Eg-C O Cl N H
He
Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals
Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table
bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)
bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)
Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions
(H+)
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical
Properties -
Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)
Most of the metals are malleable
They are non-malleable but brittle
Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)
Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)
They are non-ductile
Heat and electrical conductivity
Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity
Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity
Lustre (shiny appearance)
Metals are lustrous and can be polished
Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull
Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife
Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)
Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)
Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature
Melting point and Boiling point
Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)
Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)
Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo
Non-metals have low density (they are light)
Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)
Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous
Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)
Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless
Now you are in a state to answer the following -
Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical
Properties -
Chemical Properties
Metals Non-Metals
Reaction with oxygen (of air)
When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal
I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)
II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of
Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)
VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]
Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides
I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2
(g) [acidic]
How to know CO2 is acidic
CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)
VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)
Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all
bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature
bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature
Hence CO2 is acidic in nature
II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]
III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]
Reaction with water
Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas
I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]
II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)
III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)
VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all
Reaction with dilute acids
Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids
2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all
Reaction with salt solutions
A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)
A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution
Reaction with chlorine
Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds
bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]
bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]
bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)
bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)
Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)
Reaction with hydrogen
Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)
Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)
bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because
HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to
water
Now answer the following questions -
Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire
Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs
Uses of Metals -
bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current
bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and
factory equipment
bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels
bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries
Uses of Non-Metals -
bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee
bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for
making fertilizers
bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles
bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells
and dry cells
Answer the Following Questions -
1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This
compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be
a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron
2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch
a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals
b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-
metals
3)
a) What are amphoteric oxides
b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides
4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which
will not
5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen
6) Give reasons for the following
a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery
b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil
c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking
7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties
8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of
iron)
Answer the following Assertion based question
Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -
1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides
2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong
oxidizing agent
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Control and Coordination
All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the
environment around them
The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called
stimuli (singular is stimulus)
The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell
taste touch pressure force of gravity etc
The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of
their body part
Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub
Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil
(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves
So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms
The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system
and endocrine system involving hormones
But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous
system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli
Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic
manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination
ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM
The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)
takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system
Figure 3 Structure of Neuron
Human Nervous
System Neuron
Basic Unit
Types
Sensory Neuron
(Transmits
impulses from
sense organs (ear
skin etc) to
Central Nervous
System (CNS)
Motor Neuron (carries
impulses from brain and
spinal cord to effector
organs)
Relay Neuron
(occur in CNS
where they
serve as link
between other
neurons)
How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another
in the nervous system -
bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in
touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron
bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces
an electrical impulse in it
bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then
along to itrsquos axon
bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of
chemical substance into the synapse (gap)
bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the
dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on
Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a
particular set of neurons)
Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)
Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -
bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action
is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we
immediately remove our hand away from it
Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)
bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc
Figure 6 Reflex Arc
Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)
Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action
The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -
1 Human Brain -
Figure 9 Human brain
Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull
of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium
The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it
The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which
protects the brain from mechanical shocks
The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -
a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the
largest part of the brain
bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors
are present here
bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception
of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)
and muscular activities (frontal lobe)
bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves
b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the
other parts of the brain and spinal cord
bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk
in response to visual and auditory stimuli
c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata
bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body
movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc
bull Pons regulate respiration
bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart
beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as
swallowing coughing etc
2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral
column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord
bull It is also covered by meninges
bull It is the reflex centre of the body
Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions
How does the nervous tissue cause action
The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called
neuro-muscular junction
When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the
muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous
electrical impulses
New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus
bringing about movement in muscles
Figure 11 Neuromuscular function
Answer these MCQs -
1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash
a) Cell body
b) Axonal end
c) Dendritic end
d) Axon
2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -
a) Cell junction
b) Neuro-muscular junction
c) Neural joint
d) Synapse
Answer the following questions -
1) The brain is responsible for -
a) Thinking
b) Regulating the heart beat
c) Balancing the body
d) All of the above
2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors
do not work properly What problems are likely to arise
3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function
4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury
5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism
6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
ASSIGNMENT- 3
HISTORY
Chapter-3 STD10
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
MAIN TOPICS-
The first world war khilafat and non-
cooperation movement
Different stands within the movement
Towards civil disobedience
The sense of collective belonging
IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-
Created new economic and political
situation
Increase in defense expenditure
Increased custom duties and introduction of
income tax
Increased prices of commodities
Forced recruitment of villagers in army
Crop failure shortage of food
Spread of epidemic killing millions of people
IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-
Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea
of Satyagrah and Non-violence
Three experiments of Gandhiji with
Satyagrah
a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against
oppressive plantation system
b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding
relaxation in revenue collection
c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support
of cotton mill workers
ROWLATT ACT (1919) -
Passed by imperial Legislative despite
opposition from Indian members
Government got power to detain political
prisoners for two years without trial
It was intended to curb political activity by
Indians
Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil
disobedience movement starting with hartal
RESULTS -
Massive strike and shutdown of shops and
workshops
Local Amritsar leaders arrested
Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi
Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer
JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-
Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar
gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to
celebrate Baisakhi
General Dyer blocked the only exit and
ordered fire on the gathering that left
hundreds dead
RESULTS-
News of the tragedy spread strikes and
clashes with police began
Government suppressed and humiliated
protestors
Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah
movement
KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT-
Gandhiji intended to unite people especially
Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement
across India
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated
with khilafat committee discussed United
action on khilafat movement along with
Non-cooperation movement
STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-
Surrender of government titles
Boycott of civil services army police courts
Legislative councils and schools
Boycott of foreign goods
Mobilise popular support
DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-
Many within Congress opposed boycott of
council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru
formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress
Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with
compromise and adoption of Non-
cooperation movement
DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-
MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-
bull Middle class participation
bull Schools colleges courts boycotted
boycott of foreign clothes
bull Picketing of liquor shops
bull Harmed colonial economy
SLOWDOWN-
bull Khadi was expensive which poor people
could not afford
bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions
bull Students teachers lawyers joined back
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
Scanned by TapScanner
Scanned by TapScanner
Scanned by TapScanner
Scanned by TapScanner
Assignment - 3 Subject - Physics Class 10 Notes Chapter - Human Eye And The Colourful World Topic - Human Eye- Introduction Diagram of human eye
Name of
the part
Characteristic Function
Cornea Transparent spherical membrane
covering the front part of the eye
Light enters the eye through this
membrane Most of the refraction
happens here
Eye lens transparent biconvex structure in
the eye
provides finer adjustment
required to focus objects on the
retina
Iris Dark muscular diaphragm between
the cornea and the lens
controls the size of the pupil
Pupil An opening between the iris through
which light enters the eye
regulates the amount of light
entering the eye
Ciliary
Muscle
Attached to the eye lens hold the lens in position and
modify the curvature of the lens
and accommodate the focal
length
Retina light-sensitive surface of an eye
Which act as screen on which the
image is formed
generate signals which are
transmitted to the brain through
optical nerves
Optic
nerve
Attached to retina transmits visual information from
the retina to the brain
Power of Accommodation
The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called accommodation This is done by changing the curvature of the eye lens
The minimum distance at which objects can be seen most distinctly without strain is called near point of the eye It is 25 cm for a normal human eye
The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly is called the far point of the eye It is infinity for a normal eye
Various Defects of vision and their correction
1 Myopia or short sightedness 2 Hypermetropia or long sightedness 3 Presbiopia
Myopia Myopia It is also known as nearsightedness A person with myopia can see nearby objects
clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctly Itrsquos far point is nearer than infinity Image is formed before the retina in a myopic eye
Cause of Myopia - 1 excessive curvature of of the eye lens or 2 Elongation of the eye ball Correction- It can be corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power Here are the ray
diagrams for a myopic eye and its correction ndash
Assignment 3 1 What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye 2 Why ist the normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm 3 Write the function of a)iris b)ciliary muscle c) retina 4 What is the far piont and near point of the human eye with normal vision 5 The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem 6 What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye 7 A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row What could be the defect the child is suffering from How can it be corrected 8 What is myopia What are its causes and how it can be corrected Also show diagrams of defective eye and corrected eye 9 Name the light sensitive cells and write its function 10 What is the diameter of our eye
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Metals and Non-metals
Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as
differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements
can be classified into 3 groups -
Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth
Elements
Metals (they loose
electrons and
form positive ions)
Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg
Au
Metalloids
(show both
characteristics ndash
metallic as well as non-
metallic)
Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te
Non-metals (they
gain electrons and
form negative
ions)
Eg-C O Cl N H
He
Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals
Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table
bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)
bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)
Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions
(H+)
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical
Properties -
Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)
Most of the metals are malleable
They are non-malleable but brittle
Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)
Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)
They are non-ductile
Heat and electrical conductivity
Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity
Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity
Lustre (shiny appearance)
Metals are lustrous and can be polished
Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull
Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife
Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)
Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)
Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature
Melting point and Boiling point
Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)
Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)
Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo
Non-metals have low density (they are light)
Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)
Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous
Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)
Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless
Now you are in a state to answer the following -
Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical
Properties -
Chemical Properties
Metals Non-Metals
Reaction with oxygen (of air)
When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal
I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)
II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of
Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)
VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]
Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides
I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2
(g) [acidic]
How to know CO2 is acidic
CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)
VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)
Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all
bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature
bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature
Hence CO2 is acidic in nature
II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]
III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]
Reaction with water
Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas
I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]
II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)
III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)
VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all
Reaction with dilute acids
Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids
2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all
Reaction with salt solutions
A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)
A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution
Reaction with chlorine
Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds
bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]
bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]
bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)
bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)
Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)
Reaction with hydrogen
Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)
Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)
bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because
HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to
water
Now answer the following questions -
Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire
Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs
Uses of Metals -
bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current
bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and
factory equipment
bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels
bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries
Uses of Non-Metals -
bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee
bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for
making fertilizers
bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles
bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells
and dry cells
Answer the Following Questions -
1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This
compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be
a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron
2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch
a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals
b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-
metals
3)
a) What are amphoteric oxides
b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides
4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which
will not
5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen
6) Give reasons for the following
a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery
b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil
c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking
7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties
8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of
iron)
Answer the following Assertion based question
Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -
1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides
2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong
oxidizing agent
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Control and Coordination
All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the
environment around them
The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called
stimuli (singular is stimulus)
The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell
taste touch pressure force of gravity etc
The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of
their body part
Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub
Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil
(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves
So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms
The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system
and endocrine system involving hormones
But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous
system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli
Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic
manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination
ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM
The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)
takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system
Figure 3 Structure of Neuron
Human Nervous
System Neuron
Basic Unit
Types
Sensory Neuron
(Transmits
impulses from
sense organs (ear
skin etc) to
Central Nervous
System (CNS)
Motor Neuron (carries
impulses from brain and
spinal cord to effector
organs)
Relay Neuron
(occur in CNS
where they
serve as link
between other
neurons)
How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another
in the nervous system -
bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in
touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron
bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces
an electrical impulse in it
bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then
along to itrsquos axon
bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of
chemical substance into the synapse (gap)
bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the
dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on
Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a
particular set of neurons)
Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)
Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -
bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action
is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we
immediately remove our hand away from it
Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)
bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc
Figure 6 Reflex Arc
Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)
Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action
The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -
1 Human Brain -
Figure 9 Human brain
Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull
of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium
The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it
The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which
protects the brain from mechanical shocks
The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -
a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the
largest part of the brain
bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors
are present here
bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception
of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)
and muscular activities (frontal lobe)
bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves
b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the
other parts of the brain and spinal cord
bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk
in response to visual and auditory stimuli
c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata
bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body
movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc
bull Pons regulate respiration
bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart
beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as
swallowing coughing etc
2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral
column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord
bull It is also covered by meninges
bull It is the reflex centre of the body
Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions
How does the nervous tissue cause action
The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called
neuro-muscular junction
When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the
muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous
electrical impulses
New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus
bringing about movement in muscles
Figure 11 Neuromuscular function
Answer these MCQs -
1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash
a) Cell body
b) Axonal end
c) Dendritic end
d) Axon
2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -
a) Cell junction
b) Neuro-muscular junction
c) Neural joint
d) Synapse
Answer the following questions -
1) The brain is responsible for -
a) Thinking
b) Regulating the heart beat
c) Balancing the body
d) All of the above
2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors
do not work properly What problems are likely to arise
3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function
4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury
5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism
6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
ASSIGNMENT- 3
HISTORY
Chapter-3 STD10
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
MAIN TOPICS-
The first world war khilafat and non-
cooperation movement
Different stands within the movement
Towards civil disobedience
The sense of collective belonging
IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-
Created new economic and political
situation
Increase in defense expenditure
Increased custom duties and introduction of
income tax
Increased prices of commodities
Forced recruitment of villagers in army
Crop failure shortage of food
Spread of epidemic killing millions of people
IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-
Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea
of Satyagrah and Non-violence
Three experiments of Gandhiji with
Satyagrah
a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against
oppressive plantation system
b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding
relaxation in revenue collection
c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support
of cotton mill workers
ROWLATT ACT (1919) -
Passed by imperial Legislative despite
opposition from Indian members
Government got power to detain political
prisoners for two years without trial
It was intended to curb political activity by
Indians
Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil
disobedience movement starting with hartal
RESULTS -
Massive strike and shutdown of shops and
workshops
Local Amritsar leaders arrested
Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi
Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer
JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-
Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar
gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to
celebrate Baisakhi
General Dyer blocked the only exit and
ordered fire on the gathering that left
hundreds dead
RESULTS-
News of the tragedy spread strikes and
clashes with police began
Government suppressed and humiliated
protestors
Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah
movement
KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT-
Gandhiji intended to unite people especially
Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement
across India
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated
with khilafat committee discussed United
action on khilafat movement along with
Non-cooperation movement
STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-
Surrender of government titles
Boycott of civil services army police courts
Legislative councils and schools
Boycott of foreign goods
Mobilise popular support
DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-
Many within Congress opposed boycott of
council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru
formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress
Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with
compromise and adoption of Non-
cooperation movement
DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-
MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-
bull Middle class participation
bull Schools colleges courts boycotted
boycott of foreign clothes
bull Picketing of liquor shops
bull Harmed colonial economy
SLOWDOWN-
bull Khadi was expensive which poor people
could not afford
bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions
bull Students teachers lawyers joined back
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
Scanned by TapScanner
Scanned by TapScanner
Scanned by TapScanner
Assignment - 3 Subject - Physics Class 10 Notes Chapter - Human Eye And The Colourful World Topic - Human Eye- Introduction Diagram of human eye
Name of
the part
Characteristic Function
Cornea Transparent spherical membrane
covering the front part of the eye
Light enters the eye through this
membrane Most of the refraction
happens here
Eye lens transparent biconvex structure in
the eye
provides finer adjustment
required to focus objects on the
retina
Iris Dark muscular diaphragm between
the cornea and the lens
controls the size of the pupil
Pupil An opening between the iris through
which light enters the eye
regulates the amount of light
entering the eye
Ciliary
Muscle
Attached to the eye lens hold the lens in position and
modify the curvature of the lens
and accommodate the focal
length
Retina light-sensitive surface of an eye
Which act as screen on which the
image is formed
generate signals which are
transmitted to the brain through
optical nerves
Optic
nerve
Attached to retina transmits visual information from
the retina to the brain
Power of Accommodation
The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called accommodation This is done by changing the curvature of the eye lens
The minimum distance at which objects can be seen most distinctly without strain is called near point of the eye It is 25 cm for a normal human eye
The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly is called the far point of the eye It is infinity for a normal eye
Various Defects of vision and their correction
1 Myopia or short sightedness 2 Hypermetropia or long sightedness 3 Presbiopia
Myopia Myopia It is also known as nearsightedness A person with myopia can see nearby objects
clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctly Itrsquos far point is nearer than infinity Image is formed before the retina in a myopic eye
Cause of Myopia - 1 excessive curvature of of the eye lens or 2 Elongation of the eye ball Correction- It can be corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power Here are the ray
diagrams for a myopic eye and its correction ndash
Assignment 3 1 What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye 2 Why ist the normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm 3 Write the function of a)iris b)ciliary muscle c) retina 4 What is the far piont and near point of the human eye with normal vision 5 The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem 6 What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye 7 A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row What could be the defect the child is suffering from How can it be corrected 8 What is myopia What are its causes and how it can be corrected Also show diagrams of defective eye and corrected eye 9 Name the light sensitive cells and write its function 10 What is the diameter of our eye
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Metals and Non-metals
Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as
differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements
can be classified into 3 groups -
Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth
Elements
Metals (they loose
electrons and
form positive ions)
Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg
Au
Metalloids
(show both
characteristics ndash
metallic as well as non-
metallic)
Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te
Non-metals (they
gain electrons and
form negative
ions)
Eg-C O Cl N H
He
Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals
Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table
bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)
bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)
Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions
(H+)
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical
Properties -
Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)
Most of the metals are malleable
They are non-malleable but brittle
Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)
Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)
They are non-ductile
Heat and electrical conductivity
Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity
Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity
Lustre (shiny appearance)
Metals are lustrous and can be polished
Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull
Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife
Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)
Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)
Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature
Melting point and Boiling point
Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)
Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)
Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo
Non-metals have low density (they are light)
Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)
Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous
Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)
Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless
Now you are in a state to answer the following -
Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical
Properties -
Chemical Properties
Metals Non-Metals
Reaction with oxygen (of air)
When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal
I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)
II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of
Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)
VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]
Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides
I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2
(g) [acidic]
How to know CO2 is acidic
CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)
VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)
Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all
bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature
bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature
Hence CO2 is acidic in nature
II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]
III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]
Reaction with water
Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas
I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]
II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)
III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)
VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all
Reaction with dilute acids
Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids
2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all
Reaction with salt solutions
A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)
A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution
Reaction with chlorine
Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds
bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]
bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]
bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)
bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)
Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)
Reaction with hydrogen
Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)
Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)
bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because
HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to
water
Now answer the following questions -
Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire
Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs
Uses of Metals -
bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current
bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and
factory equipment
bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels
bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries
Uses of Non-Metals -
bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee
bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for
making fertilizers
bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles
bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells
and dry cells
Answer the Following Questions -
1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This
compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be
a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron
2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch
a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals
b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-
metals
3)
a) What are amphoteric oxides
b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides
4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which
will not
5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen
6) Give reasons for the following
a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery
b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil
c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking
7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties
8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of
iron)
Answer the following Assertion based question
Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -
1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides
2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong
oxidizing agent
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Control and Coordination
All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the
environment around them
The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called
stimuli (singular is stimulus)
The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell
taste touch pressure force of gravity etc
The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of
their body part
Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub
Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil
(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves
So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms
The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system
and endocrine system involving hormones
But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous
system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli
Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic
manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination
ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM
The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)
takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system
Figure 3 Structure of Neuron
Human Nervous
System Neuron
Basic Unit
Types
Sensory Neuron
(Transmits
impulses from
sense organs (ear
skin etc) to
Central Nervous
System (CNS)
Motor Neuron (carries
impulses from brain and
spinal cord to effector
organs)
Relay Neuron
(occur in CNS
where they
serve as link
between other
neurons)
How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another
in the nervous system -
bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in
touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron
bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces
an electrical impulse in it
bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then
along to itrsquos axon
bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of
chemical substance into the synapse (gap)
bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the
dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on
Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a
particular set of neurons)
Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)
Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -
bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action
is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we
immediately remove our hand away from it
Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)
bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc
Figure 6 Reflex Arc
Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)
Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action
The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -
1 Human Brain -
Figure 9 Human brain
Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull
of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium
The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it
The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which
protects the brain from mechanical shocks
The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -
a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the
largest part of the brain
bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors
are present here
bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception
of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)
and muscular activities (frontal lobe)
bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves
b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the
other parts of the brain and spinal cord
bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk
in response to visual and auditory stimuli
c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata
bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body
movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc
bull Pons regulate respiration
bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart
beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as
swallowing coughing etc
2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral
column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord
bull It is also covered by meninges
bull It is the reflex centre of the body
Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions
How does the nervous tissue cause action
The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called
neuro-muscular junction
When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the
muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous
electrical impulses
New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus
bringing about movement in muscles
Figure 11 Neuromuscular function
Answer these MCQs -
1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash
a) Cell body
b) Axonal end
c) Dendritic end
d) Axon
2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -
a) Cell junction
b) Neuro-muscular junction
c) Neural joint
d) Synapse
Answer the following questions -
1) The brain is responsible for -
a) Thinking
b) Regulating the heart beat
c) Balancing the body
d) All of the above
2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors
do not work properly What problems are likely to arise
3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function
4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury
5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism
6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
ASSIGNMENT- 3
HISTORY
Chapter-3 STD10
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
MAIN TOPICS-
The first world war khilafat and non-
cooperation movement
Different stands within the movement
Towards civil disobedience
The sense of collective belonging
IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-
Created new economic and political
situation
Increase in defense expenditure
Increased custom duties and introduction of
income tax
Increased prices of commodities
Forced recruitment of villagers in army
Crop failure shortage of food
Spread of epidemic killing millions of people
IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-
Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea
of Satyagrah and Non-violence
Three experiments of Gandhiji with
Satyagrah
a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against
oppressive plantation system
b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding
relaxation in revenue collection
c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support
of cotton mill workers
ROWLATT ACT (1919) -
Passed by imperial Legislative despite
opposition from Indian members
Government got power to detain political
prisoners for two years without trial
It was intended to curb political activity by
Indians
Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil
disobedience movement starting with hartal
RESULTS -
Massive strike and shutdown of shops and
workshops
Local Amritsar leaders arrested
Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi
Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer
JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-
Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar
gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to
celebrate Baisakhi
General Dyer blocked the only exit and
ordered fire on the gathering that left
hundreds dead
RESULTS-
News of the tragedy spread strikes and
clashes with police began
Government suppressed and humiliated
protestors
Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah
movement
KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT-
Gandhiji intended to unite people especially
Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement
across India
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated
with khilafat committee discussed United
action on khilafat movement along with
Non-cooperation movement
STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-
Surrender of government titles
Boycott of civil services army police courts
Legislative councils and schools
Boycott of foreign goods
Mobilise popular support
DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-
Many within Congress opposed boycott of
council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru
formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress
Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with
compromise and adoption of Non-
cooperation movement
DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-
MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-
bull Middle class participation
bull Schools colleges courts boycotted
boycott of foreign clothes
bull Picketing of liquor shops
bull Harmed colonial economy
SLOWDOWN-
bull Khadi was expensive which poor people
could not afford
bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions
bull Students teachers lawyers joined back
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
Scanned by TapScanner
Scanned by TapScanner
Assignment - 3 Subject - Physics Class 10 Notes Chapter - Human Eye And The Colourful World Topic - Human Eye- Introduction Diagram of human eye
Name of
the part
Characteristic Function
Cornea Transparent spherical membrane
covering the front part of the eye
Light enters the eye through this
membrane Most of the refraction
happens here
Eye lens transparent biconvex structure in
the eye
provides finer adjustment
required to focus objects on the
retina
Iris Dark muscular diaphragm between
the cornea and the lens
controls the size of the pupil
Pupil An opening between the iris through
which light enters the eye
regulates the amount of light
entering the eye
Ciliary
Muscle
Attached to the eye lens hold the lens in position and
modify the curvature of the lens
and accommodate the focal
length
Retina light-sensitive surface of an eye
Which act as screen on which the
image is formed
generate signals which are
transmitted to the brain through
optical nerves
Optic
nerve
Attached to retina transmits visual information from
the retina to the brain
Power of Accommodation
The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called accommodation This is done by changing the curvature of the eye lens
The minimum distance at which objects can be seen most distinctly without strain is called near point of the eye It is 25 cm for a normal human eye
The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly is called the far point of the eye It is infinity for a normal eye
Various Defects of vision and their correction
1 Myopia or short sightedness 2 Hypermetropia or long sightedness 3 Presbiopia
Myopia Myopia It is also known as nearsightedness A person with myopia can see nearby objects
clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctly Itrsquos far point is nearer than infinity Image is formed before the retina in a myopic eye
Cause of Myopia - 1 excessive curvature of of the eye lens or 2 Elongation of the eye ball Correction- It can be corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power Here are the ray
diagrams for a myopic eye and its correction ndash
Assignment 3 1 What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye 2 Why ist the normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm 3 Write the function of a)iris b)ciliary muscle c) retina 4 What is the far piont and near point of the human eye with normal vision 5 The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem 6 What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye 7 A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row What could be the defect the child is suffering from How can it be corrected 8 What is myopia What are its causes and how it can be corrected Also show diagrams of defective eye and corrected eye 9 Name the light sensitive cells and write its function 10 What is the diameter of our eye
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Metals and Non-metals
Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as
differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements
can be classified into 3 groups -
Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth
Elements
Metals (they loose
electrons and
form positive ions)
Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg
Au
Metalloids
(show both
characteristics ndash
metallic as well as non-
metallic)
Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te
Non-metals (they
gain electrons and
form negative
ions)
Eg-C O Cl N H
He
Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals
Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table
bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)
bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)
Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions
(H+)
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical
Properties -
Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)
Most of the metals are malleable
They are non-malleable but brittle
Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)
Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)
They are non-ductile
Heat and electrical conductivity
Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity
Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity
Lustre (shiny appearance)
Metals are lustrous and can be polished
Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull
Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife
Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)
Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)
Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature
Melting point and Boiling point
Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)
Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)
Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo
Non-metals have low density (they are light)
Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)
Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous
Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)
Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless
Now you are in a state to answer the following -
Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical
Properties -
Chemical Properties
Metals Non-Metals
Reaction with oxygen (of air)
When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal
I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)
II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of
Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)
VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]
Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides
I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2
(g) [acidic]
How to know CO2 is acidic
CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)
VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)
Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all
bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature
bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature
Hence CO2 is acidic in nature
II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]
III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]
Reaction with water
Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas
I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]
II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)
III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)
VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all
Reaction with dilute acids
Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids
2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all
Reaction with salt solutions
A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)
A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution
Reaction with chlorine
Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds
bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]
bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]
bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)
bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)
Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)
Reaction with hydrogen
Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)
Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)
bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because
HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to
water
Now answer the following questions -
Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire
Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs
Uses of Metals -
bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current
bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and
factory equipment
bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels
bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries
Uses of Non-Metals -
bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee
bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for
making fertilizers
bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles
bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells
and dry cells
Answer the Following Questions -
1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This
compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be
a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron
2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch
a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals
b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-
metals
3)
a) What are amphoteric oxides
b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides
4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which
will not
5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen
6) Give reasons for the following
a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery
b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil
c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking
7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties
8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of
iron)
Answer the following Assertion based question
Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -
1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides
2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong
oxidizing agent
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Control and Coordination
All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the
environment around them
The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called
stimuli (singular is stimulus)
The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell
taste touch pressure force of gravity etc
The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of
their body part
Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub
Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil
(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves
So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms
The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system
and endocrine system involving hormones
But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous
system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli
Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic
manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination
ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM
The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)
takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system
Figure 3 Structure of Neuron
Human Nervous
System Neuron
Basic Unit
Types
Sensory Neuron
(Transmits
impulses from
sense organs (ear
skin etc) to
Central Nervous
System (CNS)
Motor Neuron (carries
impulses from brain and
spinal cord to effector
organs)
Relay Neuron
(occur in CNS
where they
serve as link
between other
neurons)
How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another
in the nervous system -
bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in
touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron
bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces
an electrical impulse in it
bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then
along to itrsquos axon
bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of
chemical substance into the synapse (gap)
bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the
dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on
Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a
particular set of neurons)
Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)
Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -
bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action
is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we
immediately remove our hand away from it
Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)
bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc
Figure 6 Reflex Arc
Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)
Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action
The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -
1 Human Brain -
Figure 9 Human brain
Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull
of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium
The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it
The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which
protects the brain from mechanical shocks
The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -
a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the
largest part of the brain
bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors
are present here
bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception
of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)
and muscular activities (frontal lobe)
bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves
b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the
other parts of the brain and spinal cord
bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk
in response to visual and auditory stimuli
c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata
bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body
movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc
bull Pons regulate respiration
bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart
beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as
swallowing coughing etc
2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral
column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord
bull It is also covered by meninges
bull It is the reflex centre of the body
Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions
How does the nervous tissue cause action
The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called
neuro-muscular junction
When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the
muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous
electrical impulses
New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus
bringing about movement in muscles
Figure 11 Neuromuscular function
Answer these MCQs -
1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash
a) Cell body
b) Axonal end
c) Dendritic end
d) Axon
2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -
a) Cell junction
b) Neuro-muscular junction
c) Neural joint
d) Synapse
Answer the following questions -
1) The brain is responsible for -
a) Thinking
b) Regulating the heart beat
c) Balancing the body
d) All of the above
2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors
do not work properly What problems are likely to arise
3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function
4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury
5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism
6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
ASSIGNMENT- 3
HISTORY
Chapter-3 STD10
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
MAIN TOPICS-
The first world war khilafat and non-
cooperation movement
Different stands within the movement
Towards civil disobedience
The sense of collective belonging
IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-
Created new economic and political
situation
Increase in defense expenditure
Increased custom duties and introduction of
income tax
Increased prices of commodities
Forced recruitment of villagers in army
Crop failure shortage of food
Spread of epidemic killing millions of people
IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-
Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea
of Satyagrah and Non-violence
Three experiments of Gandhiji with
Satyagrah
a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against
oppressive plantation system
b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding
relaxation in revenue collection
c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support
of cotton mill workers
ROWLATT ACT (1919) -
Passed by imperial Legislative despite
opposition from Indian members
Government got power to detain political
prisoners for two years without trial
It was intended to curb political activity by
Indians
Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil
disobedience movement starting with hartal
RESULTS -
Massive strike and shutdown of shops and
workshops
Local Amritsar leaders arrested
Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi
Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer
JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-
Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar
gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to
celebrate Baisakhi
General Dyer blocked the only exit and
ordered fire on the gathering that left
hundreds dead
RESULTS-
News of the tragedy spread strikes and
clashes with police began
Government suppressed and humiliated
protestors
Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah
movement
KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT-
Gandhiji intended to unite people especially
Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement
across India
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated
with khilafat committee discussed United
action on khilafat movement along with
Non-cooperation movement
STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-
Surrender of government titles
Boycott of civil services army police courts
Legislative councils and schools
Boycott of foreign goods
Mobilise popular support
DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-
Many within Congress opposed boycott of
council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru
formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress
Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with
compromise and adoption of Non-
cooperation movement
DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-
MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-
bull Middle class participation
bull Schools colleges courts boycotted
boycott of foreign clothes
bull Picketing of liquor shops
bull Harmed colonial economy
SLOWDOWN-
bull Khadi was expensive which poor people
could not afford
bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions
bull Students teachers lawyers joined back
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
Scanned by TapScanner
Assignment - 3 Subject - Physics Class 10 Notes Chapter - Human Eye And The Colourful World Topic - Human Eye- Introduction Diagram of human eye
Name of
the part
Characteristic Function
Cornea Transparent spherical membrane
covering the front part of the eye
Light enters the eye through this
membrane Most of the refraction
happens here
Eye lens transparent biconvex structure in
the eye
provides finer adjustment
required to focus objects on the
retina
Iris Dark muscular diaphragm between
the cornea and the lens
controls the size of the pupil
Pupil An opening between the iris through
which light enters the eye
regulates the amount of light
entering the eye
Ciliary
Muscle
Attached to the eye lens hold the lens in position and
modify the curvature of the lens
and accommodate the focal
length
Retina light-sensitive surface of an eye
Which act as screen on which the
image is formed
generate signals which are
transmitted to the brain through
optical nerves
Optic
nerve
Attached to retina transmits visual information from
the retina to the brain
Power of Accommodation
The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called accommodation This is done by changing the curvature of the eye lens
The minimum distance at which objects can be seen most distinctly without strain is called near point of the eye It is 25 cm for a normal human eye
The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly is called the far point of the eye It is infinity for a normal eye
Various Defects of vision and their correction
1 Myopia or short sightedness 2 Hypermetropia or long sightedness 3 Presbiopia
Myopia Myopia It is also known as nearsightedness A person with myopia can see nearby objects
clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctly Itrsquos far point is nearer than infinity Image is formed before the retina in a myopic eye
Cause of Myopia - 1 excessive curvature of of the eye lens or 2 Elongation of the eye ball Correction- It can be corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power Here are the ray
diagrams for a myopic eye and its correction ndash
Assignment 3 1 What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye 2 Why ist the normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm 3 Write the function of a)iris b)ciliary muscle c) retina 4 What is the far piont and near point of the human eye with normal vision 5 The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem 6 What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye 7 A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row What could be the defect the child is suffering from How can it be corrected 8 What is myopia What are its causes and how it can be corrected Also show diagrams of defective eye and corrected eye 9 Name the light sensitive cells and write its function 10 What is the diameter of our eye
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Metals and Non-metals
Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as
differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements
can be classified into 3 groups -
Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth
Elements
Metals (they loose
electrons and
form positive ions)
Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg
Au
Metalloids
(show both
characteristics ndash
metallic as well as non-
metallic)
Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te
Non-metals (they
gain electrons and
form negative
ions)
Eg-C O Cl N H
He
Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals
Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table
bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)
bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)
Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions
(H+)
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical
Properties -
Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)
Most of the metals are malleable
They are non-malleable but brittle
Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)
Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)
They are non-ductile
Heat and electrical conductivity
Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity
Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity
Lustre (shiny appearance)
Metals are lustrous and can be polished
Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull
Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife
Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)
Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)
Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature
Melting point and Boiling point
Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)
Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)
Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo
Non-metals have low density (they are light)
Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)
Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous
Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)
Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless
Now you are in a state to answer the following -
Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical
Properties -
Chemical Properties
Metals Non-Metals
Reaction with oxygen (of air)
When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal
I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)
II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of
Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)
VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]
Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides
I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2
(g) [acidic]
How to know CO2 is acidic
CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)
VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)
Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all
bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature
bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature
Hence CO2 is acidic in nature
II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]
III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]
Reaction with water
Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas
I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]
II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)
III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)
VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all
Reaction with dilute acids
Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids
2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all
Reaction with salt solutions
A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)
A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution
Reaction with chlorine
Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds
bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]
bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]
bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)
bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)
Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)
Reaction with hydrogen
Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)
Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)
bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because
HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to
water
Now answer the following questions -
Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire
Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs
Uses of Metals -
bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current
bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and
factory equipment
bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels
bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries
Uses of Non-Metals -
bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee
bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for
making fertilizers
bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles
bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells
and dry cells
Answer the Following Questions -
1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This
compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be
a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron
2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch
a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals
b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-
metals
3)
a) What are amphoteric oxides
b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides
4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which
will not
5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen
6) Give reasons for the following
a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery
b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil
c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking
7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties
8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of
iron)
Answer the following Assertion based question
Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -
1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides
2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong
oxidizing agent
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Control and Coordination
All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the
environment around them
The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called
stimuli (singular is stimulus)
The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell
taste touch pressure force of gravity etc
The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of
their body part
Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub
Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil
(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves
So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms
The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system
and endocrine system involving hormones
But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous
system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli
Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic
manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination
ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM
The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)
takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system
Figure 3 Structure of Neuron
Human Nervous
System Neuron
Basic Unit
Types
Sensory Neuron
(Transmits
impulses from
sense organs (ear
skin etc) to
Central Nervous
System (CNS)
Motor Neuron (carries
impulses from brain and
spinal cord to effector
organs)
Relay Neuron
(occur in CNS
where they
serve as link
between other
neurons)
How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another
in the nervous system -
bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in
touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron
bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces
an electrical impulse in it
bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then
along to itrsquos axon
bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of
chemical substance into the synapse (gap)
bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the
dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on
Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a
particular set of neurons)
Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)
Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -
bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action
is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we
immediately remove our hand away from it
Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)
bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc
Figure 6 Reflex Arc
Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)
Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action
The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -
1 Human Brain -
Figure 9 Human brain
Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull
of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium
The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it
The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which
protects the brain from mechanical shocks
The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -
a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the
largest part of the brain
bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors
are present here
bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception
of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)
and muscular activities (frontal lobe)
bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves
b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the
other parts of the brain and spinal cord
bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk
in response to visual and auditory stimuli
c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata
bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body
movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc
bull Pons regulate respiration
bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart
beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as
swallowing coughing etc
2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral
column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord
bull It is also covered by meninges
bull It is the reflex centre of the body
Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions
How does the nervous tissue cause action
The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called
neuro-muscular junction
When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the
muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous
electrical impulses
New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus
bringing about movement in muscles
Figure 11 Neuromuscular function
Answer these MCQs -
1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash
a) Cell body
b) Axonal end
c) Dendritic end
d) Axon
2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -
a) Cell junction
b) Neuro-muscular junction
c) Neural joint
d) Synapse
Answer the following questions -
1) The brain is responsible for -
a) Thinking
b) Regulating the heart beat
c) Balancing the body
d) All of the above
2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors
do not work properly What problems are likely to arise
3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function
4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury
5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism
6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
ASSIGNMENT- 3
HISTORY
Chapter-3 STD10
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
MAIN TOPICS-
The first world war khilafat and non-
cooperation movement
Different stands within the movement
Towards civil disobedience
The sense of collective belonging
IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-
Created new economic and political
situation
Increase in defense expenditure
Increased custom duties and introduction of
income tax
Increased prices of commodities
Forced recruitment of villagers in army
Crop failure shortage of food
Spread of epidemic killing millions of people
IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-
Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea
of Satyagrah and Non-violence
Three experiments of Gandhiji with
Satyagrah
a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against
oppressive plantation system
b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding
relaxation in revenue collection
c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support
of cotton mill workers
ROWLATT ACT (1919) -
Passed by imperial Legislative despite
opposition from Indian members
Government got power to detain political
prisoners for two years without trial
It was intended to curb political activity by
Indians
Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil
disobedience movement starting with hartal
RESULTS -
Massive strike and shutdown of shops and
workshops
Local Amritsar leaders arrested
Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi
Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer
JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-
Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar
gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to
celebrate Baisakhi
General Dyer blocked the only exit and
ordered fire on the gathering that left
hundreds dead
RESULTS-
News of the tragedy spread strikes and
clashes with police began
Government suppressed and humiliated
protestors
Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah
movement
KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT-
Gandhiji intended to unite people especially
Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement
across India
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated
with khilafat committee discussed United
action on khilafat movement along with
Non-cooperation movement
STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-
Surrender of government titles
Boycott of civil services army police courts
Legislative councils and schools
Boycott of foreign goods
Mobilise popular support
DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-
Many within Congress opposed boycott of
council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru
formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress
Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with
compromise and adoption of Non-
cooperation movement
DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-
MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-
bull Middle class participation
bull Schools colleges courts boycotted
boycott of foreign clothes
bull Picketing of liquor shops
bull Harmed colonial economy
SLOWDOWN-
bull Khadi was expensive which poor people
could not afford
bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions
bull Students teachers lawyers joined back
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
Assignment - 3 Subject - Physics Class 10 Notes Chapter - Human Eye And The Colourful World Topic - Human Eye- Introduction Diagram of human eye
Name of
the part
Characteristic Function
Cornea Transparent spherical membrane
covering the front part of the eye
Light enters the eye through this
membrane Most of the refraction
happens here
Eye lens transparent biconvex structure in
the eye
provides finer adjustment
required to focus objects on the
retina
Iris Dark muscular diaphragm between
the cornea and the lens
controls the size of the pupil
Pupil An opening between the iris through
which light enters the eye
regulates the amount of light
entering the eye
Ciliary
Muscle
Attached to the eye lens hold the lens in position and
modify the curvature of the lens
and accommodate the focal
length
Retina light-sensitive surface of an eye
Which act as screen on which the
image is formed
generate signals which are
transmitted to the brain through
optical nerves
Optic
nerve
Attached to retina transmits visual information from
the retina to the brain
Power of Accommodation
The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called accommodation This is done by changing the curvature of the eye lens
The minimum distance at which objects can be seen most distinctly without strain is called near point of the eye It is 25 cm for a normal human eye
The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly is called the far point of the eye It is infinity for a normal eye
Various Defects of vision and their correction
1 Myopia or short sightedness 2 Hypermetropia or long sightedness 3 Presbiopia
Myopia Myopia It is also known as nearsightedness A person with myopia can see nearby objects
clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctly Itrsquos far point is nearer than infinity Image is formed before the retina in a myopic eye
Cause of Myopia - 1 excessive curvature of of the eye lens or 2 Elongation of the eye ball Correction- It can be corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power Here are the ray
diagrams for a myopic eye and its correction ndash
Assignment 3 1 What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye 2 Why ist the normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm 3 Write the function of a)iris b)ciliary muscle c) retina 4 What is the far piont and near point of the human eye with normal vision 5 The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem 6 What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye 7 A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row What could be the defect the child is suffering from How can it be corrected 8 What is myopia What are its causes and how it can be corrected Also show diagrams of defective eye and corrected eye 9 Name the light sensitive cells and write its function 10 What is the diameter of our eye
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Metals and Non-metals
Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as
differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements
can be classified into 3 groups -
Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth
Elements
Metals (they loose
electrons and
form positive ions)
Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg
Au
Metalloids
(show both
characteristics ndash
metallic as well as non-
metallic)
Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te
Non-metals (they
gain electrons and
form negative
ions)
Eg-C O Cl N H
He
Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals
Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table
bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)
bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)
Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions
(H+)
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical
Properties -
Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)
Most of the metals are malleable
They are non-malleable but brittle
Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)
Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)
They are non-ductile
Heat and electrical conductivity
Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity
Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity
Lustre (shiny appearance)
Metals are lustrous and can be polished
Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull
Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife
Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)
Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)
Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature
Melting point and Boiling point
Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)
Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)
Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo
Non-metals have low density (they are light)
Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)
Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous
Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)
Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless
Now you are in a state to answer the following -
Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical
Properties -
Chemical Properties
Metals Non-Metals
Reaction with oxygen (of air)
When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal
I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)
II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of
Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)
VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]
Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides
I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2
(g) [acidic]
How to know CO2 is acidic
CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)
VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)
Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all
bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature
bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature
Hence CO2 is acidic in nature
II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]
III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]
Reaction with water
Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas
I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]
II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)
III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)
VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all
Reaction with dilute acids
Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids
2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all
Reaction with salt solutions
A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)
A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution
Reaction with chlorine
Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds
bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]
bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]
bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)
bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)
Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)
Reaction with hydrogen
Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)
Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)
bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because
HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to
water
Now answer the following questions -
Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire
Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs
Uses of Metals -
bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current
bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and
factory equipment
bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels
bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries
Uses of Non-Metals -
bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee
bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for
making fertilizers
bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles
bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells
and dry cells
Answer the Following Questions -
1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This
compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be
a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron
2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch
a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals
b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-
metals
3)
a) What are amphoteric oxides
b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides
4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which
will not
5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen
6) Give reasons for the following
a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery
b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil
c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking
7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties
8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of
iron)
Answer the following Assertion based question
Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -
1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides
2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong
oxidizing agent
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Control and Coordination
All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the
environment around them
The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called
stimuli (singular is stimulus)
The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell
taste touch pressure force of gravity etc
The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of
their body part
Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub
Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil
(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves
So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms
The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system
and endocrine system involving hormones
But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous
system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli
Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic
manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination
ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM
The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)
takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system
Figure 3 Structure of Neuron
Human Nervous
System Neuron
Basic Unit
Types
Sensory Neuron
(Transmits
impulses from
sense organs (ear
skin etc) to
Central Nervous
System (CNS)
Motor Neuron (carries
impulses from brain and
spinal cord to effector
organs)
Relay Neuron
(occur in CNS
where they
serve as link
between other
neurons)
How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another
in the nervous system -
bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in
touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron
bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces
an electrical impulse in it
bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then
along to itrsquos axon
bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of
chemical substance into the synapse (gap)
bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the
dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on
Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a
particular set of neurons)
Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)
Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -
bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action
is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we
immediately remove our hand away from it
Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)
bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc
Figure 6 Reflex Arc
Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)
Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action
The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -
1 Human Brain -
Figure 9 Human brain
Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull
of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium
The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it
The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which
protects the brain from mechanical shocks
The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -
a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the
largest part of the brain
bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors
are present here
bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception
of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)
and muscular activities (frontal lobe)
bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves
b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the
other parts of the brain and spinal cord
bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk
in response to visual and auditory stimuli
c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata
bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body
movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc
bull Pons regulate respiration
bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart
beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as
swallowing coughing etc
2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral
column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord
bull It is also covered by meninges
bull It is the reflex centre of the body
Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions
How does the nervous tissue cause action
The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called
neuro-muscular junction
When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the
muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous
electrical impulses
New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus
bringing about movement in muscles
Figure 11 Neuromuscular function
Answer these MCQs -
1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash
a) Cell body
b) Axonal end
c) Dendritic end
d) Axon
2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -
a) Cell junction
b) Neuro-muscular junction
c) Neural joint
d) Synapse
Answer the following questions -
1) The brain is responsible for -
a) Thinking
b) Regulating the heart beat
c) Balancing the body
d) All of the above
2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors
do not work properly What problems are likely to arise
3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function
4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury
5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism
6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
ASSIGNMENT- 3
HISTORY
Chapter-3 STD10
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
MAIN TOPICS-
The first world war khilafat and non-
cooperation movement
Different stands within the movement
Towards civil disobedience
The sense of collective belonging
IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-
Created new economic and political
situation
Increase in defense expenditure
Increased custom duties and introduction of
income tax
Increased prices of commodities
Forced recruitment of villagers in army
Crop failure shortage of food
Spread of epidemic killing millions of people
IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-
Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea
of Satyagrah and Non-violence
Three experiments of Gandhiji with
Satyagrah
a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against
oppressive plantation system
b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding
relaxation in revenue collection
c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support
of cotton mill workers
ROWLATT ACT (1919) -
Passed by imperial Legislative despite
opposition from Indian members
Government got power to detain political
prisoners for two years without trial
It was intended to curb political activity by
Indians
Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil
disobedience movement starting with hartal
RESULTS -
Massive strike and shutdown of shops and
workshops
Local Amritsar leaders arrested
Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi
Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer
JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-
Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar
gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to
celebrate Baisakhi
General Dyer blocked the only exit and
ordered fire on the gathering that left
hundreds dead
RESULTS-
News of the tragedy spread strikes and
clashes with police began
Government suppressed and humiliated
protestors
Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah
movement
KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT-
Gandhiji intended to unite people especially
Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement
across India
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated
with khilafat committee discussed United
action on khilafat movement along with
Non-cooperation movement
STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-
Surrender of government titles
Boycott of civil services army police courts
Legislative councils and schools
Boycott of foreign goods
Mobilise popular support
DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-
Many within Congress opposed boycott of
council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru
formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress
Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with
compromise and adoption of Non-
cooperation movement
DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-
MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-
bull Middle class participation
bull Schools colleges courts boycotted
boycott of foreign clothes
bull Picketing of liquor shops
bull Harmed colonial economy
SLOWDOWN-
bull Khadi was expensive which poor people
could not afford
bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions
bull Students teachers lawyers joined back
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
Pupil An opening between the iris through
which light enters the eye
regulates the amount of light
entering the eye
Ciliary
Muscle
Attached to the eye lens hold the lens in position and
modify the curvature of the lens
and accommodate the focal
length
Retina light-sensitive surface of an eye
Which act as screen on which the
image is formed
generate signals which are
transmitted to the brain through
optical nerves
Optic
nerve
Attached to retina transmits visual information from
the retina to the brain
Power of Accommodation
The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called accommodation This is done by changing the curvature of the eye lens
The minimum distance at which objects can be seen most distinctly without strain is called near point of the eye It is 25 cm for a normal human eye
The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly is called the far point of the eye It is infinity for a normal eye
Various Defects of vision and their correction
1 Myopia or short sightedness 2 Hypermetropia or long sightedness 3 Presbiopia
Myopia Myopia It is also known as nearsightedness A person with myopia can see nearby objects
clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctly Itrsquos far point is nearer than infinity Image is formed before the retina in a myopic eye
Cause of Myopia - 1 excessive curvature of of the eye lens or 2 Elongation of the eye ball Correction- It can be corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power Here are the ray
diagrams for a myopic eye and its correction ndash
Assignment 3 1 What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye 2 Why ist the normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm 3 Write the function of a)iris b)ciliary muscle c) retina 4 What is the far piont and near point of the human eye with normal vision 5 The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem 6 What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye 7 A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row What could be the defect the child is suffering from How can it be corrected 8 What is myopia What are its causes and how it can be corrected Also show diagrams of defective eye and corrected eye 9 Name the light sensitive cells and write its function 10 What is the diameter of our eye
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Metals and Non-metals
Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as
differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements
can be classified into 3 groups -
Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth
Elements
Metals (they loose
electrons and
form positive ions)
Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg
Au
Metalloids
(show both
characteristics ndash
metallic as well as non-
metallic)
Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te
Non-metals (they
gain electrons and
form negative
ions)
Eg-C O Cl N H
He
Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals
Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table
bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)
bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)
Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions
(H+)
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical
Properties -
Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)
Most of the metals are malleable
They are non-malleable but brittle
Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)
Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)
They are non-ductile
Heat and electrical conductivity
Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity
Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity
Lustre (shiny appearance)
Metals are lustrous and can be polished
Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull
Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife
Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)
Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)
Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature
Melting point and Boiling point
Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)
Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)
Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo
Non-metals have low density (they are light)
Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)
Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous
Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)
Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless
Now you are in a state to answer the following -
Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical
Properties -
Chemical Properties
Metals Non-Metals
Reaction with oxygen (of air)
When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal
I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)
II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of
Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)
VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]
Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides
I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2
(g) [acidic]
How to know CO2 is acidic
CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)
VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)
Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all
bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature
bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature
Hence CO2 is acidic in nature
II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]
III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]
Reaction with water
Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas
I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]
II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)
III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)
VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all
Reaction with dilute acids
Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids
2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all
Reaction with salt solutions
A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)
A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution
Reaction with chlorine
Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds
bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]
bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]
bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)
bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)
Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)
Reaction with hydrogen
Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)
Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)
bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because
HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to
water
Now answer the following questions -
Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire
Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs
Uses of Metals -
bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current
bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and
factory equipment
bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels
bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries
Uses of Non-Metals -
bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee
bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for
making fertilizers
bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles
bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells
and dry cells
Answer the Following Questions -
1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This
compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be
a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron
2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch
a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals
b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-
metals
3)
a) What are amphoteric oxides
b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides
4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which
will not
5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen
6) Give reasons for the following
a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery
b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil
c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking
7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties
8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of
iron)
Answer the following Assertion based question
Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -
1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides
2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong
oxidizing agent
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Control and Coordination
All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the
environment around them
The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called
stimuli (singular is stimulus)
The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell
taste touch pressure force of gravity etc
The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of
their body part
Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub
Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil
(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves
So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms
The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system
and endocrine system involving hormones
But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous
system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli
Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic
manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination
ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM
The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)
takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system
Figure 3 Structure of Neuron
Human Nervous
System Neuron
Basic Unit
Types
Sensory Neuron
(Transmits
impulses from
sense organs (ear
skin etc) to
Central Nervous
System (CNS)
Motor Neuron (carries
impulses from brain and
spinal cord to effector
organs)
Relay Neuron
(occur in CNS
where they
serve as link
between other
neurons)
How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another
in the nervous system -
bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in
touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron
bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces
an electrical impulse in it
bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then
along to itrsquos axon
bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of
chemical substance into the synapse (gap)
bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the
dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on
Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a
particular set of neurons)
Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)
Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -
bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action
is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we
immediately remove our hand away from it
Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)
bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc
Figure 6 Reflex Arc
Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)
Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action
The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -
1 Human Brain -
Figure 9 Human brain
Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull
of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium
The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it
The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which
protects the brain from mechanical shocks
The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -
a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the
largest part of the brain
bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors
are present here
bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception
of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)
and muscular activities (frontal lobe)
bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves
b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the
other parts of the brain and spinal cord
bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk
in response to visual and auditory stimuli
c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata
bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body
movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc
bull Pons regulate respiration
bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart
beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as
swallowing coughing etc
2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral
column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord
bull It is also covered by meninges
bull It is the reflex centre of the body
Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions
How does the nervous tissue cause action
The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called
neuro-muscular junction
When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the
muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous
electrical impulses
New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus
bringing about movement in muscles
Figure 11 Neuromuscular function
Answer these MCQs -
1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash
a) Cell body
b) Axonal end
c) Dendritic end
d) Axon
2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -
a) Cell junction
b) Neuro-muscular junction
c) Neural joint
d) Synapse
Answer the following questions -
1) The brain is responsible for -
a) Thinking
b) Regulating the heart beat
c) Balancing the body
d) All of the above
2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors
do not work properly What problems are likely to arise
3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function
4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury
5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism
6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
ASSIGNMENT- 3
HISTORY
Chapter-3 STD10
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
MAIN TOPICS-
The first world war khilafat and non-
cooperation movement
Different stands within the movement
Towards civil disobedience
The sense of collective belonging
IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-
Created new economic and political
situation
Increase in defense expenditure
Increased custom duties and introduction of
income tax
Increased prices of commodities
Forced recruitment of villagers in army
Crop failure shortage of food
Spread of epidemic killing millions of people
IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-
Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea
of Satyagrah and Non-violence
Three experiments of Gandhiji with
Satyagrah
a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against
oppressive plantation system
b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding
relaxation in revenue collection
c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support
of cotton mill workers
ROWLATT ACT (1919) -
Passed by imperial Legislative despite
opposition from Indian members
Government got power to detain political
prisoners for two years without trial
It was intended to curb political activity by
Indians
Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil
disobedience movement starting with hartal
RESULTS -
Massive strike and shutdown of shops and
workshops
Local Amritsar leaders arrested
Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi
Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer
JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-
Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar
gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to
celebrate Baisakhi
General Dyer blocked the only exit and
ordered fire on the gathering that left
hundreds dead
RESULTS-
News of the tragedy spread strikes and
clashes with police began
Government suppressed and humiliated
protestors
Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah
movement
KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT-
Gandhiji intended to unite people especially
Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement
across India
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated
with khilafat committee discussed United
action on khilafat movement along with
Non-cooperation movement
STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-
Surrender of government titles
Boycott of civil services army police courts
Legislative councils and schools
Boycott of foreign goods
Mobilise popular support
DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-
Many within Congress opposed boycott of
council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru
formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress
Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with
compromise and adoption of Non-
cooperation movement
DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-
MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-
bull Middle class participation
bull Schools colleges courts boycotted
boycott of foreign clothes
bull Picketing of liquor shops
bull Harmed colonial economy
SLOWDOWN-
bull Khadi was expensive which poor people
could not afford
bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions
bull Students teachers lawyers joined back
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
Assignment 3 1 What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye 2 Why ist the normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm 3 Write the function of a)iris b)ciliary muscle c) retina 4 What is the far piont and near point of the human eye with normal vision 5 The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem 6 What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye 7 A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row What could be the defect the child is suffering from How can it be corrected 8 What is myopia What are its causes and how it can be corrected Also show diagrams of defective eye and corrected eye 9 Name the light sensitive cells and write its function 10 What is the diameter of our eye
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Metals and Non-metals
Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as
differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements
can be classified into 3 groups -
Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth
Elements
Metals (they loose
electrons and
form positive ions)
Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg
Au
Metalloids
(show both
characteristics ndash
metallic as well as non-
metallic)
Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te
Non-metals (they
gain electrons and
form negative
ions)
Eg-C O Cl N H
He
Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals
Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table
bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)
bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)
Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions
(H+)
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical
Properties -
Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)
Most of the metals are malleable
They are non-malleable but brittle
Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)
Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)
They are non-ductile
Heat and electrical conductivity
Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity
Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity
Lustre (shiny appearance)
Metals are lustrous and can be polished
Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull
Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife
Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)
Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)
Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature
Melting point and Boiling point
Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)
Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)
Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo
Non-metals have low density (they are light)
Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)
Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous
Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)
Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless
Now you are in a state to answer the following -
Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical
Properties -
Chemical Properties
Metals Non-Metals
Reaction with oxygen (of air)
When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal
I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)
II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of
Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)
VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]
Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides
I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2
(g) [acidic]
How to know CO2 is acidic
CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)
VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)
Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all
bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature
bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature
Hence CO2 is acidic in nature
II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]
III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]
Reaction with water
Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas
I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]
II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)
III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)
VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all
Reaction with dilute acids
Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids
2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all
Reaction with salt solutions
A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)
A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution
Reaction with chlorine
Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds
bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]
bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]
bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)
bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)
Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)
Reaction with hydrogen
Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)
Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)
bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because
HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to
water
Now answer the following questions -
Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire
Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs
Uses of Metals -
bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current
bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and
factory equipment
bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels
bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries
Uses of Non-Metals -
bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee
bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for
making fertilizers
bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles
bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells
and dry cells
Answer the Following Questions -
1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This
compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be
a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron
2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch
a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals
b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-
metals
3)
a) What are amphoteric oxides
b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides
4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which
will not
5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen
6) Give reasons for the following
a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery
b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil
c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking
7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties
8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of
iron)
Answer the following Assertion based question
Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -
1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides
2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong
oxidizing agent
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Control and Coordination
All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the
environment around them
The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called
stimuli (singular is stimulus)
The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell
taste touch pressure force of gravity etc
The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of
their body part
Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub
Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil
(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves
So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms
The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system
and endocrine system involving hormones
But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous
system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli
Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic
manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination
ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM
The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)
takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system
Figure 3 Structure of Neuron
Human Nervous
System Neuron
Basic Unit
Types
Sensory Neuron
(Transmits
impulses from
sense organs (ear
skin etc) to
Central Nervous
System (CNS)
Motor Neuron (carries
impulses from brain and
spinal cord to effector
organs)
Relay Neuron
(occur in CNS
where they
serve as link
between other
neurons)
How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another
in the nervous system -
bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in
touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron
bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces
an electrical impulse in it
bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then
along to itrsquos axon
bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of
chemical substance into the synapse (gap)
bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the
dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on
Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a
particular set of neurons)
Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)
Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -
bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action
is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we
immediately remove our hand away from it
Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)
bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc
Figure 6 Reflex Arc
Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)
Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action
The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -
1 Human Brain -
Figure 9 Human brain
Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull
of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium
The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it
The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which
protects the brain from mechanical shocks
The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -
a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the
largest part of the brain
bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors
are present here
bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception
of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)
and muscular activities (frontal lobe)
bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves
b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the
other parts of the brain and spinal cord
bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk
in response to visual and auditory stimuli
c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata
bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body
movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc
bull Pons regulate respiration
bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart
beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as
swallowing coughing etc
2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral
column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord
bull It is also covered by meninges
bull It is the reflex centre of the body
Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions
How does the nervous tissue cause action
The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called
neuro-muscular junction
When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the
muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous
electrical impulses
New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus
bringing about movement in muscles
Figure 11 Neuromuscular function
Answer these MCQs -
1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash
a) Cell body
b) Axonal end
c) Dendritic end
d) Axon
2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -
a) Cell junction
b) Neuro-muscular junction
c) Neural joint
d) Synapse
Answer the following questions -
1) The brain is responsible for -
a) Thinking
b) Regulating the heart beat
c) Balancing the body
d) All of the above
2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors
do not work properly What problems are likely to arise
3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function
4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury
5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism
6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
ASSIGNMENT- 3
HISTORY
Chapter-3 STD10
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
MAIN TOPICS-
The first world war khilafat and non-
cooperation movement
Different stands within the movement
Towards civil disobedience
The sense of collective belonging
IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-
Created new economic and political
situation
Increase in defense expenditure
Increased custom duties and introduction of
income tax
Increased prices of commodities
Forced recruitment of villagers in army
Crop failure shortage of food
Spread of epidemic killing millions of people
IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-
Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea
of Satyagrah and Non-violence
Three experiments of Gandhiji with
Satyagrah
a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against
oppressive plantation system
b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding
relaxation in revenue collection
c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support
of cotton mill workers
ROWLATT ACT (1919) -
Passed by imperial Legislative despite
opposition from Indian members
Government got power to detain political
prisoners for two years without trial
It was intended to curb political activity by
Indians
Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil
disobedience movement starting with hartal
RESULTS -
Massive strike and shutdown of shops and
workshops
Local Amritsar leaders arrested
Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi
Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer
JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-
Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar
gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to
celebrate Baisakhi
General Dyer blocked the only exit and
ordered fire on the gathering that left
hundreds dead
RESULTS-
News of the tragedy spread strikes and
clashes with police began
Government suppressed and humiliated
protestors
Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah
movement
KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT-
Gandhiji intended to unite people especially
Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement
across India
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated
with khilafat committee discussed United
action on khilafat movement along with
Non-cooperation movement
STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-
Surrender of government titles
Boycott of civil services army police courts
Legislative councils and schools
Boycott of foreign goods
Mobilise popular support
DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-
Many within Congress opposed boycott of
council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru
formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress
Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with
compromise and adoption of Non-
cooperation movement
DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-
MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-
bull Middle class participation
bull Schools colleges courts boycotted
boycott of foreign clothes
bull Picketing of liquor shops
bull Harmed colonial economy
SLOWDOWN-
bull Khadi was expensive which poor people
could not afford
bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions
bull Students teachers lawyers joined back
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Metals and Non-metals
Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as
differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements
can be classified into 3 groups -
Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth
Elements
Metals (they loose
electrons and
form positive ions)
Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg
Au
Metalloids
(show both
characteristics ndash
metallic as well as non-
metallic)
Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te
Non-metals (they
gain electrons and
form negative
ions)
Eg-C O Cl N H
He
Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals
Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table
bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)
bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)
Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions
(H+)
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical
Properties -
Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)
Most of the metals are malleable
They are non-malleable but brittle
Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)
Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)
They are non-ductile
Heat and electrical conductivity
Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity
Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity
Lustre (shiny appearance)
Metals are lustrous and can be polished
Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull
Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife
Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)
Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)
Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature
Melting point and Boiling point
Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)
Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)
Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo
Non-metals have low density (they are light)
Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)
Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous
Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)
Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless
Now you are in a state to answer the following -
Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical
Properties -
Chemical Properties
Metals Non-Metals
Reaction with oxygen (of air)
When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal
I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)
II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of
Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)
VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]
Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides
I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2
(g) [acidic]
How to know CO2 is acidic
CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)
VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)
Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all
bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature
bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature
Hence CO2 is acidic in nature
II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]
III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]
Reaction with water
Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas
I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]
II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)
III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)
VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all
Reaction with dilute acids
Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids
2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all
Reaction with salt solutions
A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)
A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution
Reaction with chlorine
Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds
bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]
bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]
bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)
bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)
Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)
Reaction with hydrogen
Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)
Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)
bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because
HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to
water
Now answer the following questions -
Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire
Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs
Uses of Metals -
bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current
bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and
factory equipment
bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels
bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries
Uses of Non-Metals -
bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee
bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for
making fertilizers
bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles
bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells
and dry cells
Answer the Following Questions -
1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This
compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be
a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron
2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch
a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals
b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-
metals
3)
a) What are amphoteric oxides
b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides
4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which
will not
5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen
6) Give reasons for the following
a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery
b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil
c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking
7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties
8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of
iron)
Answer the following Assertion based question
Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -
1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides
2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong
oxidizing agent
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Control and Coordination
All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the
environment around them
The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called
stimuli (singular is stimulus)
The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell
taste touch pressure force of gravity etc
The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of
their body part
Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub
Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil
(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves
So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms
The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system
and endocrine system involving hormones
But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous
system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli
Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic
manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination
ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM
The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)
takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system
Figure 3 Structure of Neuron
Human Nervous
System Neuron
Basic Unit
Types
Sensory Neuron
(Transmits
impulses from
sense organs (ear
skin etc) to
Central Nervous
System (CNS)
Motor Neuron (carries
impulses from brain and
spinal cord to effector
organs)
Relay Neuron
(occur in CNS
where they
serve as link
between other
neurons)
How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another
in the nervous system -
bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in
touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron
bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces
an electrical impulse in it
bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then
along to itrsquos axon
bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of
chemical substance into the synapse (gap)
bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the
dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on
Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a
particular set of neurons)
Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)
Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -
bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action
is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we
immediately remove our hand away from it
Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)
bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc
Figure 6 Reflex Arc
Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)
Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action
The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -
1 Human Brain -
Figure 9 Human brain
Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull
of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium
The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it
The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which
protects the brain from mechanical shocks
The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -
a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the
largest part of the brain
bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors
are present here
bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception
of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)
and muscular activities (frontal lobe)
bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves
b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the
other parts of the brain and spinal cord
bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk
in response to visual and auditory stimuli
c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata
bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body
movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc
bull Pons regulate respiration
bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart
beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as
swallowing coughing etc
2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral
column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord
bull It is also covered by meninges
bull It is the reflex centre of the body
Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions
How does the nervous tissue cause action
The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called
neuro-muscular junction
When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the
muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous
electrical impulses
New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus
bringing about movement in muscles
Figure 11 Neuromuscular function
Answer these MCQs -
1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash
a) Cell body
b) Axonal end
c) Dendritic end
d) Axon
2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -
a) Cell junction
b) Neuro-muscular junction
c) Neural joint
d) Synapse
Answer the following questions -
1) The brain is responsible for -
a) Thinking
b) Regulating the heart beat
c) Balancing the body
d) All of the above
2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors
do not work properly What problems are likely to arise
3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function
4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury
5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism
6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
ASSIGNMENT- 3
HISTORY
Chapter-3 STD10
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
MAIN TOPICS-
The first world war khilafat and non-
cooperation movement
Different stands within the movement
Towards civil disobedience
The sense of collective belonging
IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-
Created new economic and political
situation
Increase in defense expenditure
Increased custom duties and introduction of
income tax
Increased prices of commodities
Forced recruitment of villagers in army
Crop failure shortage of food
Spread of epidemic killing millions of people
IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-
Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea
of Satyagrah and Non-violence
Three experiments of Gandhiji with
Satyagrah
a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against
oppressive plantation system
b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding
relaxation in revenue collection
c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support
of cotton mill workers
ROWLATT ACT (1919) -
Passed by imperial Legislative despite
opposition from Indian members
Government got power to detain political
prisoners for two years without trial
It was intended to curb political activity by
Indians
Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil
disobedience movement starting with hartal
RESULTS -
Massive strike and shutdown of shops and
workshops
Local Amritsar leaders arrested
Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi
Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer
JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-
Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar
gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to
celebrate Baisakhi
General Dyer blocked the only exit and
ordered fire on the gathering that left
hundreds dead
RESULTS-
News of the tragedy spread strikes and
clashes with police began
Government suppressed and humiliated
protestors
Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah
movement
KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT-
Gandhiji intended to unite people especially
Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement
across India
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated
with khilafat committee discussed United
action on khilafat movement along with
Non-cooperation movement
STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-
Surrender of government titles
Boycott of civil services army police courts
Legislative councils and schools
Boycott of foreign goods
Mobilise popular support
DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-
Many within Congress opposed boycott of
council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru
formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress
Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with
compromise and adoption of Non-
cooperation movement
DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-
MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-
bull Middle class participation
bull Schools colleges courts boycotted
boycott of foreign clothes
bull Picketing of liquor shops
bull Harmed colonial economy
SLOWDOWN-
bull Khadi was expensive which poor people
could not afford
bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions
bull Students teachers lawyers joined back
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals
Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table
bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)
bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)
Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions
(H+)
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical
Properties -
Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)
Most of the metals are malleable
They are non-malleable but brittle
Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)
Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)
They are non-ductile
Heat and electrical conductivity
Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity
Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity
Lustre (shiny appearance)
Metals are lustrous and can be polished
Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull
Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife
Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)
Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)
Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature
Melting point and Boiling point
Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)
Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)
Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo
Non-metals have low density (they are light)
Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)
Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous
Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)
Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless
Now you are in a state to answer the following -
Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical
Properties -
Chemical Properties
Metals Non-Metals
Reaction with oxygen (of air)
When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal
I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)
II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of
Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)
VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]
Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides
I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2
(g) [acidic]
How to know CO2 is acidic
CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)
VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)
Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all
bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature
bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature
Hence CO2 is acidic in nature
II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]
III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]
Reaction with water
Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas
I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]
II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)
III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)
VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all
Reaction with dilute acids
Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids
2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all
Reaction with salt solutions
A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)
A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution
Reaction with chlorine
Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds
bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]
bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]
bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)
bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)
Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)
Reaction with hydrogen
Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)
Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)
bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because
HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to
water
Now answer the following questions -
Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire
Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs
Uses of Metals -
bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current
bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and
factory equipment
bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels
bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries
Uses of Non-Metals -
bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee
bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for
making fertilizers
bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles
bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells
and dry cells
Answer the Following Questions -
1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This
compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be
a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron
2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch
a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals
b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-
metals
3)
a) What are amphoteric oxides
b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides
4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which
will not
5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen
6) Give reasons for the following
a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery
b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil
c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking
7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties
8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of
iron)
Answer the following Assertion based question
Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -
1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides
2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong
oxidizing agent
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Control and Coordination
All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the
environment around them
The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called
stimuli (singular is stimulus)
The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell
taste touch pressure force of gravity etc
The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of
their body part
Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub
Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil
(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves
So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms
The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system
and endocrine system involving hormones
But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous
system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli
Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic
manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination
ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM
The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)
takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system
Figure 3 Structure of Neuron
Human Nervous
System Neuron
Basic Unit
Types
Sensory Neuron
(Transmits
impulses from
sense organs (ear
skin etc) to
Central Nervous
System (CNS)
Motor Neuron (carries
impulses from brain and
spinal cord to effector
organs)
Relay Neuron
(occur in CNS
where they
serve as link
between other
neurons)
How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another
in the nervous system -
bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in
touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron
bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces
an electrical impulse in it
bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then
along to itrsquos axon
bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of
chemical substance into the synapse (gap)
bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the
dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on
Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a
particular set of neurons)
Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)
Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -
bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action
is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we
immediately remove our hand away from it
Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)
bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc
Figure 6 Reflex Arc
Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)
Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action
The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -
1 Human Brain -
Figure 9 Human brain
Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull
of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium
The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it
The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which
protects the brain from mechanical shocks
The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -
a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the
largest part of the brain
bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors
are present here
bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception
of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)
and muscular activities (frontal lobe)
bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves
b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the
other parts of the brain and spinal cord
bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk
in response to visual and auditory stimuli
c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata
bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body
movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc
bull Pons regulate respiration
bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart
beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as
swallowing coughing etc
2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral
column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord
bull It is also covered by meninges
bull It is the reflex centre of the body
Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions
How does the nervous tissue cause action
The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called
neuro-muscular junction
When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the
muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous
electrical impulses
New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus
bringing about movement in muscles
Figure 11 Neuromuscular function
Answer these MCQs -
1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash
a) Cell body
b) Axonal end
c) Dendritic end
d) Axon
2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -
a) Cell junction
b) Neuro-muscular junction
c) Neural joint
d) Synapse
Answer the following questions -
1) The brain is responsible for -
a) Thinking
b) Regulating the heart beat
c) Balancing the body
d) All of the above
2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors
do not work properly What problems are likely to arise
3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function
4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury
5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism
6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
ASSIGNMENT- 3
HISTORY
Chapter-3 STD10
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
MAIN TOPICS-
The first world war khilafat and non-
cooperation movement
Different stands within the movement
Towards civil disobedience
The sense of collective belonging
IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-
Created new economic and political
situation
Increase in defense expenditure
Increased custom duties and introduction of
income tax
Increased prices of commodities
Forced recruitment of villagers in army
Crop failure shortage of food
Spread of epidemic killing millions of people
IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-
Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea
of Satyagrah and Non-violence
Three experiments of Gandhiji with
Satyagrah
a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against
oppressive plantation system
b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding
relaxation in revenue collection
c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support
of cotton mill workers
ROWLATT ACT (1919) -
Passed by imperial Legislative despite
opposition from Indian members
Government got power to detain political
prisoners for two years without trial
It was intended to curb political activity by
Indians
Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil
disobedience movement starting with hartal
RESULTS -
Massive strike and shutdown of shops and
workshops
Local Amritsar leaders arrested
Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi
Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer
JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-
Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar
gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to
celebrate Baisakhi
General Dyer blocked the only exit and
ordered fire on the gathering that left
hundreds dead
RESULTS-
News of the tragedy spread strikes and
clashes with police began
Government suppressed and humiliated
protestors
Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah
movement
KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT-
Gandhiji intended to unite people especially
Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement
across India
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated
with khilafat committee discussed United
action on khilafat movement along with
Non-cooperation movement
STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-
Surrender of government titles
Boycott of civil services army police courts
Legislative councils and schools
Boycott of foreign goods
Mobilise popular support
DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-
Many within Congress opposed boycott of
council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru
formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress
Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with
compromise and adoption of Non-
cooperation movement
DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-
MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-
bull Middle class participation
bull Schools colleges courts boycotted
boycott of foreign clothes
bull Picketing of liquor shops
bull Harmed colonial economy
SLOWDOWN-
bull Khadi was expensive which poor people
could not afford
bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions
bull Students teachers lawyers joined back
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical
Properties -
Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)
Most of the metals are malleable
They are non-malleable but brittle
Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)
Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)
They are non-ductile
Heat and electrical conductivity
Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity
Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity
Lustre (shiny appearance)
Metals are lustrous and can be polished
Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull
Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife
Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)
Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)
Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature
Melting point and Boiling point
Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)
Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)
Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo
Non-metals have low density (they are light)
Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)
Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous
Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)
Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless
Now you are in a state to answer the following -
Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical
Properties -
Chemical Properties
Metals Non-Metals
Reaction with oxygen (of air)
When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal
I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)
II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of
Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)
VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]
Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides
I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2
(g) [acidic]
How to know CO2 is acidic
CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)
VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)
Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all
bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature
bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature
Hence CO2 is acidic in nature
II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]
III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]
Reaction with water
Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas
I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]
II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)
III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)
VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all
Reaction with dilute acids
Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids
2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all
Reaction with salt solutions
A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)
A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution
Reaction with chlorine
Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds
bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]
bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]
bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)
bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)
Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)
Reaction with hydrogen
Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)
Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)
bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because
HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to
water
Now answer the following questions -
Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire
Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs
Uses of Metals -
bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current
bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and
factory equipment
bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels
bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries
Uses of Non-Metals -
bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee
bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for
making fertilizers
bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles
bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells
and dry cells
Answer the Following Questions -
1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This
compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be
a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron
2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch
a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals
b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-
metals
3)
a) What are amphoteric oxides
b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides
4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which
will not
5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen
6) Give reasons for the following
a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery
b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil
c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking
7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties
8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of
iron)
Answer the following Assertion based question
Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -
1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides
2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong
oxidizing agent
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Control and Coordination
All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the
environment around them
The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called
stimuli (singular is stimulus)
The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell
taste touch pressure force of gravity etc
The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of
their body part
Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub
Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil
(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves
So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms
The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system
and endocrine system involving hormones
But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous
system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli
Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic
manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination
ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM
The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)
takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system
Figure 3 Structure of Neuron
Human Nervous
System Neuron
Basic Unit
Types
Sensory Neuron
(Transmits
impulses from
sense organs (ear
skin etc) to
Central Nervous
System (CNS)
Motor Neuron (carries
impulses from brain and
spinal cord to effector
organs)
Relay Neuron
(occur in CNS
where they
serve as link
between other
neurons)
How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another
in the nervous system -
bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in
touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron
bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces
an electrical impulse in it
bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then
along to itrsquos axon
bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of
chemical substance into the synapse (gap)
bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the
dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on
Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a
particular set of neurons)
Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)
Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -
bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action
is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we
immediately remove our hand away from it
Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)
bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc
Figure 6 Reflex Arc
Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)
Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action
The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -
1 Human Brain -
Figure 9 Human brain
Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull
of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium
The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it
The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which
protects the brain from mechanical shocks
The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -
a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the
largest part of the brain
bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors
are present here
bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception
of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)
and muscular activities (frontal lobe)
bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves
b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the
other parts of the brain and spinal cord
bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk
in response to visual and auditory stimuli
c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata
bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body
movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc
bull Pons regulate respiration
bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart
beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as
swallowing coughing etc
2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral
column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord
bull It is also covered by meninges
bull It is the reflex centre of the body
Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions
How does the nervous tissue cause action
The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called
neuro-muscular junction
When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the
muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous
electrical impulses
New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus
bringing about movement in muscles
Figure 11 Neuromuscular function
Answer these MCQs -
1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash
a) Cell body
b) Axonal end
c) Dendritic end
d) Axon
2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -
a) Cell junction
b) Neuro-muscular junction
c) Neural joint
d) Synapse
Answer the following questions -
1) The brain is responsible for -
a) Thinking
b) Regulating the heart beat
c) Balancing the body
d) All of the above
2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors
do not work properly What problems are likely to arise
3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function
4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury
5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism
6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
ASSIGNMENT- 3
HISTORY
Chapter-3 STD10
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
MAIN TOPICS-
The first world war khilafat and non-
cooperation movement
Different stands within the movement
Towards civil disobedience
The sense of collective belonging
IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-
Created new economic and political
situation
Increase in defense expenditure
Increased custom duties and introduction of
income tax
Increased prices of commodities
Forced recruitment of villagers in army
Crop failure shortage of food
Spread of epidemic killing millions of people
IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-
Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea
of Satyagrah and Non-violence
Three experiments of Gandhiji with
Satyagrah
a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against
oppressive plantation system
b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding
relaxation in revenue collection
c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support
of cotton mill workers
ROWLATT ACT (1919) -
Passed by imperial Legislative despite
opposition from Indian members
Government got power to detain political
prisoners for two years without trial
It was intended to curb political activity by
Indians
Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil
disobedience movement starting with hartal
RESULTS -
Massive strike and shutdown of shops and
workshops
Local Amritsar leaders arrested
Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi
Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer
JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-
Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar
gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to
celebrate Baisakhi
General Dyer blocked the only exit and
ordered fire on the gathering that left
hundreds dead
RESULTS-
News of the tragedy spread strikes and
clashes with police began
Government suppressed and humiliated
protestors
Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah
movement
KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT-
Gandhiji intended to unite people especially
Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement
across India
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated
with khilafat committee discussed United
action on khilafat movement along with
Non-cooperation movement
STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-
Surrender of government titles
Boycott of civil services army police courts
Legislative councils and schools
Boycott of foreign goods
Mobilise popular support
DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-
Many within Congress opposed boycott of
council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru
formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress
Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with
compromise and adoption of Non-
cooperation movement
DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-
MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-
bull Middle class participation
bull Schools colleges courts boycotted
boycott of foreign clothes
bull Picketing of liquor shops
bull Harmed colonial economy
SLOWDOWN-
bull Khadi was expensive which poor people
could not afford
bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions
bull Students teachers lawyers joined back
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
Now you are in a state to answer the following -
Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal
Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical
Properties -
Chemical Properties
Metals Non-Metals
Reaction with oxygen (of air)
When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal
I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)
II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of
Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)
VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]
Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides
I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2
(g) [acidic]
How to know CO2 is acidic
CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)
VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)
Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all
bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature
bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature
Hence CO2 is acidic in nature
II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]
III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]
Reaction with water
Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas
I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]
II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)
III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)
VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all
Reaction with dilute acids
Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids
2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all
Reaction with salt solutions
A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)
A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution
Reaction with chlorine
Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds
bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]
bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]
bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)
bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)
Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)
Reaction with hydrogen
Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)
Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)
bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because
HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to
water
Now answer the following questions -
Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire
Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs
Uses of Metals -
bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current
bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and
factory equipment
bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels
bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries
Uses of Non-Metals -
bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee
bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for
making fertilizers
bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles
bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells
and dry cells
Answer the Following Questions -
1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This
compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be
a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron
2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch
a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals
b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-
metals
3)
a) What are amphoteric oxides
b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides
4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which
will not
5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen
6) Give reasons for the following
a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery
b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil
c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking
7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties
8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of
iron)
Answer the following Assertion based question
Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -
1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides
2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong
oxidizing agent
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Control and Coordination
All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the
environment around them
The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called
stimuli (singular is stimulus)
The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell
taste touch pressure force of gravity etc
The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of
their body part
Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub
Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil
(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves
So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms
The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system
and endocrine system involving hormones
But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous
system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli
Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic
manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination
ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM
The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)
takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system
Figure 3 Structure of Neuron
Human Nervous
System Neuron
Basic Unit
Types
Sensory Neuron
(Transmits
impulses from
sense organs (ear
skin etc) to
Central Nervous
System (CNS)
Motor Neuron (carries
impulses from brain and
spinal cord to effector
organs)
Relay Neuron
(occur in CNS
where they
serve as link
between other
neurons)
How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another
in the nervous system -
bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in
touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron
bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces
an electrical impulse in it
bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then
along to itrsquos axon
bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of
chemical substance into the synapse (gap)
bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the
dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on
Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a
particular set of neurons)
Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)
Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -
bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action
is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we
immediately remove our hand away from it
Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)
bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc
Figure 6 Reflex Arc
Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)
Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action
The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -
1 Human Brain -
Figure 9 Human brain
Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull
of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium
The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it
The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which
protects the brain from mechanical shocks
The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -
a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the
largest part of the brain
bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors
are present here
bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception
of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)
and muscular activities (frontal lobe)
bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves
b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the
other parts of the brain and spinal cord
bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk
in response to visual and auditory stimuli
c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata
bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body
movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc
bull Pons regulate respiration
bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart
beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as
swallowing coughing etc
2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral
column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord
bull It is also covered by meninges
bull It is the reflex centre of the body
Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions
How does the nervous tissue cause action
The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called
neuro-muscular junction
When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the
muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous
electrical impulses
New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus
bringing about movement in muscles
Figure 11 Neuromuscular function
Answer these MCQs -
1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash
a) Cell body
b) Axonal end
c) Dendritic end
d) Axon
2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -
a) Cell junction
b) Neuro-muscular junction
c) Neural joint
d) Synapse
Answer the following questions -
1) The brain is responsible for -
a) Thinking
b) Regulating the heart beat
c) Balancing the body
d) All of the above
2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors
do not work properly What problems are likely to arise
3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function
4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury
5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism
6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
ASSIGNMENT- 3
HISTORY
Chapter-3 STD10
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
MAIN TOPICS-
The first world war khilafat and non-
cooperation movement
Different stands within the movement
Towards civil disobedience
The sense of collective belonging
IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-
Created new economic and political
situation
Increase in defense expenditure
Increased custom duties and introduction of
income tax
Increased prices of commodities
Forced recruitment of villagers in army
Crop failure shortage of food
Spread of epidemic killing millions of people
IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-
Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea
of Satyagrah and Non-violence
Three experiments of Gandhiji with
Satyagrah
a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against
oppressive plantation system
b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding
relaxation in revenue collection
c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support
of cotton mill workers
ROWLATT ACT (1919) -
Passed by imperial Legislative despite
opposition from Indian members
Government got power to detain political
prisoners for two years without trial
It was intended to curb political activity by
Indians
Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil
disobedience movement starting with hartal
RESULTS -
Massive strike and shutdown of shops and
workshops
Local Amritsar leaders arrested
Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi
Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer
JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-
Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar
gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to
celebrate Baisakhi
General Dyer blocked the only exit and
ordered fire on the gathering that left
hundreds dead
RESULTS-
News of the tragedy spread strikes and
clashes with police began
Government suppressed and humiliated
protestors
Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah
movement
KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT-
Gandhiji intended to unite people especially
Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement
across India
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated
with khilafat committee discussed United
action on khilafat movement along with
Non-cooperation movement
STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-
Surrender of government titles
Boycott of civil services army police courts
Legislative councils and schools
Boycott of foreign goods
Mobilise popular support
DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-
Many within Congress opposed boycott of
council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru
formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress
Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with
compromise and adoption of Non-
cooperation movement
DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-
MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-
bull Middle class participation
bull Schools colleges courts boycotted
boycott of foreign clothes
bull Picketing of liquor shops
bull Harmed colonial economy
SLOWDOWN-
bull Khadi was expensive which poor people
could not afford
bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions
bull Students teachers lawyers joined back
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)
Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all
bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature
bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature
Hence CO2 is acidic in nature
II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]
III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]
Reaction with water
Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas
I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]
II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)
III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)
VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all
Reaction with dilute acids
Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids
2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)
Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all
Reaction with salt solutions
A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)
A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution
Reaction with chlorine
Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds
bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]
bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]
bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)
bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)
Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)
Reaction with hydrogen
Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)
Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)
bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because
HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to
water
Now answer the following questions -
Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire
Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs
Uses of Metals -
bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current
bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and
factory equipment
bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels
bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries
Uses of Non-Metals -
bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee
bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for
making fertilizers
bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles
bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells
and dry cells
Answer the Following Questions -
1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This
compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be
a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron
2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch
a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals
b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-
metals
3)
a) What are amphoteric oxides
b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides
4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which
will not
5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen
6) Give reasons for the following
a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery
b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil
c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking
7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties
8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of
iron)
Answer the following Assertion based question
Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -
1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides
2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong
oxidizing agent
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Control and Coordination
All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the
environment around them
The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called
stimuli (singular is stimulus)
The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell
taste touch pressure force of gravity etc
The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of
their body part
Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub
Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil
(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves
So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms
The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system
and endocrine system involving hormones
But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous
system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli
Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic
manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination
ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM
The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)
takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system
Figure 3 Structure of Neuron
Human Nervous
System Neuron
Basic Unit
Types
Sensory Neuron
(Transmits
impulses from
sense organs (ear
skin etc) to
Central Nervous
System (CNS)
Motor Neuron (carries
impulses from brain and
spinal cord to effector
organs)
Relay Neuron
(occur in CNS
where they
serve as link
between other
neurons)
How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another
in the nervous system -
bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in
touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron
bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces
an electrical impulse in it
bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then
along to itrsquos axon
bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of
chemical substance into the synapse (gap)
bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the
dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on
Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a
particular set of neurons)
Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)
Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -
bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action
is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we
immediately remove our hand away from it
Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)
bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc
Figure 6 Reflex Arc
Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)
Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action
The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -
1 Human Brain -
Figure 9 Human brain
Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull
of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium
The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it
The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which
protects the brain from mechanical shocks
The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -
a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the
largest part of the brain
bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors
are present here
bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception
of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)
and muscular activities (frontal lobe)
bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves
b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the
other parts of the brain and spinal cord
bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk
in response to visual and auditory stimuli
c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata
bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body
movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc
bull Pons regulate respiration
bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart
beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as
swallowing coughing etc
2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral
column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord
bull It is also covered by meninges
bull It is the reflex centre of the body
Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions
How does the nervous tissue cause action
The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called
neuro-muscular junction
When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the
muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous
electrical impulses
New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus
bringing about movement in muscles
Figure 11 Neuromuscular function
Answer these MCQs -
1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash
a) Cell body
b) Axonal end
c) Dendritic end
d) Axon
2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -
a) Cell junction
b) Neuro-muscular junction
c) Neural joint
d) Synapse
Answer the following questions -
1) The brain is responsible for -
a) Thinking
b) Regulating the heart beat
c) Balancing the body
d) All of the above
2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors
do not work properly What problems are likely to arise
3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function
4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury
5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism
6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
ASSIGNMENT- 3
HISTORY
Chapter-3 STD10
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
MAIN TOPICS-
The first world war khilafat and non-
cooperation movement
Different stands within the movement
Towards civil disobedience
The sense of collective belonging
IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-
Created new economic and political
situation
Increase in defense expenditure
Increased custom duties and introduction of
income tax
Increased prices of commodities
Forced recruitment of villagers in army
Crop failure shortage of food
Spread of epidemic killing millions of people
IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-
Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea
of Satyagrah and Non-violence
Three experiments of Gandhiji with
Satyagrah
a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against
oppressive plantation system
b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding
relaxation in revenue collection
c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support
of cotton mill workers
ROWLATT ACT (1919) -
Passed by imperial Legislative despite
opposition from Indian members
Government got power to detain political
prisoners for two years without trial
It was intended to curb political activity by
Indians
Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil
disobedience movement starting with hartal
RESULTS -
Massive strike and shutdown of shops and
workshops
Local Amritsar leaders arrested
Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi
Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer
JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-
Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar
gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to
celebrate Baisakhi
General Dyer blocked the only exit and
ordered fire on the gathering that left
hundreds dead
RESULTS-
News of the tragedy spread strikes and
clashes with police began
Government suppressed and humiliated
protestors
Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah
movement
KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT-
Gandhiji intended to unite people especially
Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement
across India
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated
with khilafat committee discussed United
action on khilafat movement along with
Non-cooperation movement
STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-
Surrender of government titles
Boycott of civil services army police courts
Legislative councils and schools
Boycott of foreign goods
Mobilise popular support
DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-
Many within Congress opposed boycott of
council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru
formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress
Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with
compromise and adoption of Non-
cooperation movement
DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-
MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-
bull Middle class participation
bull Schools colleges courts boycotted
boycott of foreign clothes
bull Picketing of liquor shops
bull Harmed colonial economy
SLOWDOWN-
bull Khadi was expensive which poor people
could not afford
bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions
bull Students teachers lawyers joined back
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because
HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to
water
Now answer the following questions -
Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire
Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs
Uses of Metals -
bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current
bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and
factory equipment
bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels
bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries
Uses of Non-Metals -
bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee
bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for
making fertilizers
bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles
bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells
and dry cells
Answer the Following Questions -
1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This
compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be
a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron
2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch
a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals
b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-
metals
3)
a) What are amphoteric oxides
b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides
4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which
will not
5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen
6) Give reasons for the following
a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery
b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil
c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking
7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties
8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of
iron)
Answer the following Assertion based question
Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -
1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides
2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong
oxidizing agent
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Control and Coordination
All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the
environment around them
The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called
stimuli (singular is stimulus)
The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell
taste touch pressure force of gravity etc
The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of
their body part
Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub
Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil
(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves
So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms
The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system
and endocrine system involving hormones
But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous
system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli
Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic
manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination
ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM
The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)
takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system
Figure 3 Structure of Neuron
Human Nervous
System Neuron
Basic Unit
Types
Sensory Neuron
(Transmits
impulses from
sense organs (ear
skin etc) to
Central Nervous
System (CNS)
Motor Neuron (carries
impulses from brain and
spinal cord to effector
organs)
Relay Neuron
(occur in CNS
where they
serve as link
between other
neurons)
How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another
in the nervous system -
bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in
touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron
bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces
an electrical impulse in it
bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then
along to itrsquos axon
bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of
chemical substance into the synapse (gap)
bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the
dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on
Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a
particular set of neurons)
Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)
Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -
bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action
is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we
immediately remove our hand away from it
Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)
bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc
Figure 6 Reflex Arc
Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)
Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action
The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -
1 Human Brain -
Figure 9 Human brain
Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull
of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium
The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it
The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which
protects the brain from mechanical shocks
The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -
a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the
largest part of the brain
bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors
are present here
bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception
of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)
and muscular activities (frontal lobe)
bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves
b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the
other parts of the brain and spinal cord
bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk
in response to visual and auditory stimuli
c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata
bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body
movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc
bull Pons regulate respiration
bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart
beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as
swallowing coughing etc
2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral
column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord
bull It is also covered by meninges
bull It is the reflex centre of the body
Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions
How does the nervous tissue cause action
The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called
neuro-muscular junction
When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the
muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous
electrical impulses
New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus
bringing about movement in muscles
Figure 11 Neuromuscular function
Answer these MCQs -
1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash
a) Cell body
b) Axonal end
c) Dendritic end
d) Axon
2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -
a) Cell junction
b) Neuro-muscular junction
c) Neural joint
d) Synapse
Answer the following questions -
1) The brain is responsible for -
a) Thinking
b) Regulating the heart beat
c) Balancing the body
d) All of the above
2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors
do not work properly What problems are likely to arise
3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function
4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury
5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism
6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
ASSIGNMENT- 3
HISTORY
Chapter-3 STD10
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
MAIN TOPICS-
The first world war khilafat and non-
cooperation movement
Different stands within the movement
Towards civil disobedience
The sense of collective belonging
IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-
Created new economic and political
situation
Increase in defense expenditure
Increased custom duties and introduction of
income tax
Increased prices of commodities
Forced recruitment of villagers in army
Crop failure shortage of food
Spread of epidemic killing millions of people
IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-
Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea
of Satyagrah and Non-violence
Three experiments of Gandhiji with
Satyagrah
a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against
oppressive plantation system
b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding
relaxation in revenue collection
c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support
of cotton mill workers
ROWLATT ACT (1919) -
Passed by imperial Legislative despite
opposition from Indian members
Government got power to detain political
prisoners for two years without trial
It was intended to curb political activity by
Indians
Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil
disobedience movement starting with hartal
RESULTS -
Massive strike and shutdown of shops and
workshops
Local Amritsar leaders arrested
Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi
Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer
JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-
Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar
gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to
celebrate Baisakhi
General Dyer blocked the only exit and
ordered fire on the gathering that left
hundreds dead
RESULTS-
News of the tragedy spread strikes and
clashes with police began
Government suppressed and humiliated
protestors
Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah
movement
KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT-
Gandhiji intended to unite people especially
Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement
across India
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated
with khilafat committee discussed United
action on khilafat movement along with
Non-cooperation movement
STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-
Surrender of government titles
Boycott of civil services army police courts
Legislative councils and schools
Boycott of foreign goods
Mobilise popular support
DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-
Many within Congress opposed boycott of
council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru
formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress
Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with
compromise and adoption of Non-
cooperation movement
DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-
MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-
bull Middle class participation
bull Schools colleges courts boycotted
boycott of foreign clothes
bull Picketing of liquor shops
bull Harmed colonial economy
SLOWDOWN-
bull Khadi was expensive which poor people
could not afford
bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions
bull Students teachers lawyers joined back
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire
Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs
Uses of Metals -
bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current
bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and
factory equipment
bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels
bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries
Uses of Non-Metals -
bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee
bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for
making fertilizers
bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles
bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells
and dry cells
Answer the Following Questions -
1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This
compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be
a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron
2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch
a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals
b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-
metals
3)
a) What are amphoteric oxides
b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides
4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which
will not
5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen
6) Give reasons for the following
a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery
b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil
c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking
7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties
8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of
iron)
Answer the following Assertion based question
Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -
1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides
2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong
oxidizing agent
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Control and Coordination
All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the
environment around them
The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called
stimuli (singular is stimulus)
The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell
taste touch pressure force of gravity etc
The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of
their body part
Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub
Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil
(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves
So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms
The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system
and endocrine system involving hormones
But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous
system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli
Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic
manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination
ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM
The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)
takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system
Figure 3 Structure of Neuron
Human Nervous
System Neuron
Basic Unit
Types
Sensory Neuron
(Transmits
impulses from
sense organs (ear
skin etc) to
Central Nervous
System (CNS)
Motor Neuron (carries
impulses from brain and
spinal cord to effector
organs)
Relay Neuron
(occur in CNS
where they
serve as link
between other
neurons)
How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another
in the nervous system -
bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in
touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron
bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces
an electrical impulse in it
bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then
along to itrsquos axon
bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of
chemical substance into the synapse (gap)
bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the
dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on
Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a
particular set of neurons)
Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)
Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -
bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action
is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we
immediately remove our hand away from it
Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)
bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc
Figure 6 Reflex Arc
Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)
Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action
The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -
1 Human Brain -
Figure 9 Human brain
Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull
of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium
The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it
The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which
protects the brain from mechanical shocks
The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -
a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the
largest part of the brain
bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors
are present here
bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception
of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)
and muscular activities (frontal lobe)
bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves
b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the
other parts of the brain and spinal cord
bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk
in response to visual and auditory stimuli
c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata
bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body
movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc
bull Pons regulate respiration
bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart
beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as
swallowing coughing etc
2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral
column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord
bull It is also covered by meninges
bull It is the reflex centre of the body
Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions
How does the nervous tissue cause action
The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called
neuro-muscular junction
When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the
muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous
electrical impulses
New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus
bringing about movement in muscles
Figure 11 Neuromuscular function
Answer these MCQs -
1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash
a) Cell body
b) Axonal end
c) Dendritic end
d) Axon
2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -
a) Cell junction
b) Neuro-muscular junction
c) Neural joint
d) Synapse
Answer the following questions -
1) The brain is responsible for -
a) Thinking
b) Regulating the heart beat
c) Balancing the body
d) All of the above
2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors
do not work properly What problems are likely to arise
3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function
4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury
5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism
6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
ASSIGNMENT- 3
HISTORY
Chapter-3 STD10
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
MAIN TOPICS-
The first world war khilafat and non-
cooperation movement
Different stands within the movement
Towards civil disobedience
The sense of collective belonging
IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-
Created new economic and political
situation
Increase in defense expenditure
Increased custom duties and introduction of
income tax
Increased prices of commodities
Forced recruitment of villagers in army
Crop failure shortage of food
Spread of epidemic killing millions of people
IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-
Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea
of Satyagrah and Non-violence
Three experiments of Gandhiji with
Satyagrah
a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against
oppressive plantation system
b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding
relaxation in revenue collection
c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support
of cotton mill workers
ROWLATT ACT (1919) -
Passed by imperial Legislative despite
opposition from Indian members
Government got power to detain political
prisoners for two years without trial
It was intended to curb political activity by
Indians
Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil
disobedience movement starting with hartal
RESULTS -
Massive strike and shutdown of shops and
workshops
Local Amritsar leaders arrested
Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi
Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer
JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-
Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar
gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to
celebrate Baisakhi
General Dyer blocked the only exit and
ordered fire on the gathering that left
hundreds dead
RESULTS-
News of the tragedy spread strikes and
clashes with police began
Government suppressed and humiliated
protestors
Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah
movement
KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT-
Gandhiji intended to unite people especially
Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement
across India
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated
with khilafat committee discussed United
action on khilafat movement along with
Non-cooperation movement
STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-
Surrender of government titles
Boycott of civil services army police courts
Legislative councils and schools
Boycott of foreign goods
Mobilise popular support
DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-
Many within Congress opposed boycott of
council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru
formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress
Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with
compromise and adoption of Non-
cooperation movement
DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-
MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-
bull Middle class participation
bull Schools colleges courts boycotted
boycott of foreign clothes
bull Picketing of liquor shops
bull Harmed colonial economy
SLOWDOWN-
bull Khadi was expensive which poor people
could not afford
bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions
bull Students teachers lawyers joined back
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
Uses of Non-Metals -
bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee
bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for
making fertilizers
bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles
bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells
and dry cells
Answer the Following Questions -
1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This
compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be
a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron
2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch
a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals
b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-
metals
3)
a) What are amphoteric oxides
b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides
4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which
will not
5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen
6) Give reasons for the following
a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery
b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil
c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking
7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties
8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of
iron)
Answer the following Assertion based question
Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -
1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides
2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong
oxidizing agent
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Control and Coordination
All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the
environment around them
The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called
stimuli (singular is stimulus)
The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell
taste touch pressure force of gravity etc
The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of
their body part
Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub
Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil
(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves
So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms
The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system
and endocrine system involving hormones
But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous
system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli
Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic
manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination
ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM
The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)
takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system
Figure 3 Structure of Neuron
Human Nervous
System Neuron
Basic Unit
Types
Sensory Neuron
(Transmits
impulses from
sense organs (ear
skin etc) to
Central Nervous
System (CNS)
Motor Neuron (carries
impulses from brain and
spinal cord to effector
organs)
Relay Neuron
(occur in CNS
where they
serve as link
between other
neurons)
How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another
in the nervous system -
bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in
touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron
bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces
an electrical impulse in it
bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then
along to itrsquos axon
bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of
chemical substance into the synapse (gap)
bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the
dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on
Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a
particular set of neurons)
Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)
Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -
bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action
is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we
immediately remove our hand away from it
Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)
bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc
Figure 6 Reflex Arc
Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)
Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action
The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -
1 Human Brain -
Figure 9 Human brain
Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull
of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium
The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it
The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which
protects the brain from mechanical shocks
The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -
a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the
largest part of the brain
bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors
are present here
bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception
of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)
and muscular activities (frontal lobe)
bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves
b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the
other parts of the brain and spinal cord
bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk
in response to visual and auditory stimuli
c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata
bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body
movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc
bull Pons regulate respiration
bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart
beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as
swallowing coughing etc
2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral
column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord
bull It is also covered by meninges
bull It is the reflex centre of the body
Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions
How does the nervous tissue cause action
The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called
neuro-muscular junction
When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the
muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous
electrical impulses
New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus
bringing about movement in muscles
Figure 11 Neuromuscular function
Answer these MCQs -
1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash
a) Cell body
b) Axonal end
c) Dendritic end
d) Axon
2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -
a) Cell junction
b) Neuro-muscular junction
c) Neural joint
d) Synapse
Answer the following questions -
1) The brain is responsible for -
a) Thinking
b) Regulating the heart beat
c) Balancing the body
d) All of the above
2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors
do not work properly What problems are likely to arise
3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function
4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury
5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism
6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
ASSIGNMENT- 3
HISTORY
Chapter-3 STD10
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
MAIN TOPICS-
The first world war khilafat and non-
cooperation movement
Different stands within the movement
Towards civil disobedience
The sense of collective belonging
IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-
Created new economic and political
situation
Increase in defense expenditure
Increased custom duties and introduction of
income tax
Increased prices of commodities
Forced recruitment of villagers in army
Crop failure shortage of food
Spread of epidemic killing millions of people
IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-
Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea
of Satyagrah and Non-violence
Three experiments of Gandhiji with
Satyagrah
a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against
oppressive plantation system
b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding
relaxation in revenue collection
c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support
of cotton mill workers
ROWLATT ACT (1919) -
Passed by imperial Legislative despite
opposition from Indian members
Government got power to detain political
prisoners for two years without trial
It was intended to curb political activity by
Indians
Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil
disobedience movement starting with hartal
RESULTS -
Massive strike and shutdown of shops and
workshops
Local Amritsar leaders arrested
Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi
Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer
JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-
Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar
gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to
celebrate Baisakhi
General Dyer blocked the only exit and
ordered fire on the gathering that left
hundreds dead
RESULTS-
News of the tragedy spread strikes and
clashes with police began
Government suppressed and humiliated
protestors
Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah
movement
KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT-
Gandhiji intended to unite people especially
Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement
across India
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated
with khilafat committee discussed United
action on khilafat movement along with
Non-cooperation movement
STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-
Surrender of government titles
Boycott of civil services army police courts
Legislative councils and schools
Boycott of foreign goods
Mobilise popular support
DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-
Many within Congress opposed boycott of
council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru
formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress
Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with
compromise and adoption of Non-
cooperation movement
DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-
MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-
bull Middle class participation
bull Schools colleges courts boycotted
boycott of foreign clothes
bull Picketing of liquor shops
bull Harmed colonial economy
SLOWDOWN-
bull Khadi was expensive which poor people
could not afford
bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions
bull Students teachers lawyers joined back
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
Answer the following Assertion based question
Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -
1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides
2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong
oxidizing agent
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Control and Coordination
All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the
environment around them
The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called
stimuli (singular is stimulus)
The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell
taste touch pressure force of gravity etc
The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of
their body part
Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub
Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil
(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves
So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms
The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system
and endocrine system involving hormones
But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous
system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli
Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic
manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination
ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM
The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)
takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system
Figure 3 Structure of Neuron
Human Nervous
System Neuron
Basic Unit
Types
Sensory Neuron
(Transmits
impulses from
sense organs (ear
skin etc) to
Central Nervous
System (CNS)
Motor Neuron (carries
impulses from brain and
spinal cord to effector
organs)
Relay Neuron
(occur in CNS
where they
serve as link
between other
neurons)
How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another
in the nervous system -
bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in
touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron
bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces
an electrical impulse in it
bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then
along to itrsquos axon
bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of
chemical substance into the synapse (gap)
bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the
dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on
Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a
particular set of neurons)
Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)
Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -
bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action
is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we
immediately remove our hand away from it
Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)
bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc
Figure 6 Reflex Arc
Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)
Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action
The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -
1 Human Brain -
Figure 9 Human brain
Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull
of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium
The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it
The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which
protects the brain from mechanical shocks
The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -
a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the
largest part of the brain
bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors
are present here
bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception
of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)
and muscular activities (frontal lobe)
bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves
b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the
other parts of the brain and spinal cord
bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk
in response to visual and auditory stimuli
c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata
bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body
movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc
bull Pons regulate respiration
bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart
beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as
swallowing coughing etc
2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral
column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord
bull It is also covered by meninges
bull It is the reflex centre of the body
Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions
How does the nervous tissue cause action
The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called
neuro-muscular junction
When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the
muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous
electrical impulses
New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus
bringing about movement in muscles
Figure 11 Neuromuscular function
Answer these MCQs -
1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash
a) Cell body
b) Axonal end
c) Dendritic end
d) Axon
2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -
a) Cell junction
b) Neuro-muscular junction
c) Neural joint
d) Synapse
Answer the following questions -
1) The brain is responsible for -
a) Thinking
b) Regulating the heart beat
c) Balancing the body
d) All of the above
2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors
do not work properly What problems are likely to arise
3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function
4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury
5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism
6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
ASSIGNMENT- 3
HISTORY
Chapter-3 STD10
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
MAIN TOPICS-
The first world war khilafat and non-
cooperation movement
Different stands within the movement
Towards civil disobedience
The sense of collective belonging
IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-
Created new economic and political
situation
Increase in defense expenditure
Increased custom duties and introduction of
income tax
Increased prices of commodities
Forced recruitment of villagers in army
Crop failure shortage of food
Spread of epidemic killing millions of people
IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-
Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea
of Satyagrah and Non-violence
Three experiments of Gandhiji with
Satyagrah
a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against
oppressive plantation system
b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding
relaxation in revenue collection
c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support
of cotton mill workers
ROWLATT ACT (1919) -
Passed by imperial Legislative despite
opposition from Indian members
Government got power to detain political
prisoners for two years without trial
It was intended to curb political activity by
Indians
Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil
disobedience movement starting with hartal
RESULTS -
Massive strike and shutdown of shops and
workshops
Local Amritsar leaders arrested
Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi
Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer
JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-
Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar
gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to
celebrate Baisakhi
General Dyer blocked the only exit and
ordered fire on the gathering that left
hundreds dead
RESULTS-
News of the tragedy spread strikes and
clashes with police began
Government suppressed and humiliated
protestors
Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah
movement
KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT-
Gandhiji intended to unite people especially
Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement
across India
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated
with khilafat committee discussed United
action on khilafat movement along with
Non-cooperation movement
STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-
Surrender of government titles
Boycott of civil services army police courts
Legislative councils and schools
Boycott of foreign goods
Mobilise popular support
DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-
Many within Congress opposed boycott of
council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru
formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress
Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with
compromise and adoption of Non-
cooperation movement
DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-
MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-
bull Middle class participation
bull Schools colleges courts boycotted
boycott of foreign clothes
bull Picketing of liquor shops
bull Harmed colonial economy
SLOWDOWN-
bull Khadi was expensive which poor people
could not afford
bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions
bull Students teachers lawyers joined back
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)
BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X
Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)
Control and Coordination
All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the
environment around them
The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called
stimuli (singular is stimulus)
The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell
taste touch pressure force of gravity etc
The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of
their body part
Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub
Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil
(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves
So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms
The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system
and endocrine system involving hormones
But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous
system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli
Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic
manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination
ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM
The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)
takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system
Figure 3 Structure of Neuron
Human Nervous
System Neuron
Basic Unit
Types
Sensory Neuron
(Transmits
impulses from
sense organs (ear
skin etc) to
Central Nervous
System (CNS)
Motor Neuron (carries
impulses from brain and
spinal cord to effector
organs)
Relay Neuron
(occur in CNS
where they
serve as link
between other
neurons)
How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another
in the nervous system -
bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in
touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron
bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces
an electrical impulse in it
bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then
along to itrsquos axon
bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of
chemical substance into the synapse (gap)
bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the
dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on
Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a
particular set of neurons)
Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)
Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -
bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action
is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we
immediately remove our hand away from it
Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)
bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc
Figure 6 Reflex Arc
Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)
Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action
The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -
1 Human Brain -
Figure 9 Human brain
Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull
of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium
The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it
The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which
protects the brain from mechanical shocks
The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -
a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the
largest part of the brain
bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors
are present here
bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception
of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)
and muscular activities (frontal lobe)
bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves
b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the
other parts of the brain and spinal cord
bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk
in response to visual and auditory stimuli
c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata
bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body
movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc
bull Pons regulate respiration
bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart
beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as
swallowing coughing etc
2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral
column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord
bull It is also covered by meninges
bull It is the reflex centre of the body
Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions
How does the nervous tissue cause action
The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called
neuro-muscular junction
When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the
muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous
electrical impulses
New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus
bringing about movement in muscles
Figure 11 Neuromuscular function
Answer these MCQs -
1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash
a) Cell body
b) Axonal end
c) Dendritic end
d) Axon
2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -
a) Cell junction
b) Neuro-muscular junction
c) Neural joint
d) Synapse
Answer the following questions -
1) The brain is responsible for -
a) Thinking
b) Regulating the heart beat
c) Balancing the body
d) All of the above
2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors
do not work properly What problems are likely to arise
3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function
4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury
5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism
6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
ASSIGNMENT- 3
HISTORY
Chapter-3 STD10
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
MAIN TOPICS-
The first world war khilafat and non-
cooperation movement
Different stands within the movement
Towards civil disobedience
The sense of collective belonging
IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-
Created new economic and political
situation
Increase in defense expenditure
Increased custom duties and introduction of
income tax
Increased prices of commodities
Forced recruitment of villagers in army
Crop failure shortage of food
Spread of epidemic killing millions of people
IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-
Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea
of Satyagrah and Non-violence
Three experiments of Gandhiji with
Satyagrah
a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against
oppressive plantation system
b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding
relaxation in revenue collection
c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support
of cotton mill workers
ROWLATT ACT (1919) -
Passed by imperial Legislative despite
opposition from Indian members
Government got power to detain political
prisoners for two years without trial
It was intended to curb political activity by
Indians
Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil
disobedience movement starting with hartal
RESULTS -
Massive strike and shutdown of shops and
workshops
Local Amritsar leaders arrested
Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi
Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer
JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-
Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar
gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to
celebrate Baisakhi
General Dyer blocked the only exit and
ordered fire on the gathering that left
hundreds dead
RESULTS-
News of the tragedy spread strikes and
clashes with police began
Government suppressed and humiliated
protestors
Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah
movement
KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT-
Gandhiji intended to unite people especially
Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement
across India
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated
with khilafat committee discussed United
action on khilafat movement along with
Non-cooperation movement
STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-
Surrender of government titles
Boycott of civil services army police courts
Legislative councils and schools
Boycott of foreign goods
Mobilise popular support
DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-
Many within Congress opposed boycott of
council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru
formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress
Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with
compromise and adoption of Non-
cooperation movement
DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-
MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-
bull Middle class participation
bull Schools colleges courts boycotted
boycott of foreign clothes
bull Picketing of liquor shops
bull Harmed colonial economy
SLOWDOWN-
bull Khadi was expensive which poor people
could not afford
bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions
bull Students teachers lawyers joined back
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil
(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves
So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms
The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system
and endocrine system involving hormones
But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous
system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli
Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic
manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination
ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM
The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)
takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system
Figure 3 Structure of Neuron
Human Nervous
System Neuron
Basic Unit
Types
Sensory Neuron
(Transmits
impulses from
sense organs (ear
skin etc) to
Central Nervous
System (CNS)
Motor Neuron (carries
impulses from brain and
spinal cord to effector
organs)
Relay Neuron
(occur in CNS
where they
serve as link
between other
neurons)
How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another
in the nervous system -
bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in
touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron
bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces
an electrical impulse in it
bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then
along to itrsquos axon
bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of
chemical substance into the synapse (gap)
bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the
dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on
Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a
particular set of neurons)
Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)
Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -
bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action
is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we
immediately remove our hand away from it
Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)
bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc
Figure 6 Reflex Arc
Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)
Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action
The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -
1 Human Brain -
Figure 9 Human brain
Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull
of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium
The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it
The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which
protects the brain from mechanical shocks
The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -
a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the
largest part of the brain
bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors
are present here
bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception
of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)
and muscular activities (frontal lobe)
bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves
b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the
other parts of the brain and spinal cord
bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk
in response to visual and auditory stimuli
c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata
bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body
movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc
bull Pons regulate respiration
bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart
beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as
swallowing coughing etc
2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral
column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord
bull It is also covered by meninges
bull It is the reflex centre of the body
Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions
How does the nervous tissue cause action
The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called
neuro-muscular junction
When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the
muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous
electrical impulses
New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus
bringing about movement in muscles
Figure 11 Neuromuscular function
Answer these MCQs -
1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash
a) Cell body
b) Axonal end
c) Dendritic end
d) Axon
2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -
a) Cell junction
b) Neuro-muscular junction
c) Neural joint
d) Synapse
Answer the following questions -
1) The brain is responsible for -
a) Thinking
b) Regulating the heart beat
c) Balancing the body
d) All of the above
2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors
do not work properly What problems are likely to arise
3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function
4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury
5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism
6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
ASSIGNMENT- 3
HISTORY
Chapter-3 STD10
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
MAIN TOPICS-
The first world war khilafat and non-
cooperation movement
Different stands within the movement
Towards civil disobedience
The sense of collective belonging
IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-
Created new economic and political
situation
Increase in defense expenditure
Increased custom duties and introduction of
income tax
Increased prices of commodities
Forced recruitment of villagers in army
Crop failure shortage of food
Spread of epidemic killing millions of people
IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-
Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea
of Satyagrah and Non-violence
Three experiments of Gandhiji with
Satyagrah
a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against
oppressive plantation system
b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding
relaxation in revenue collection
c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support
of cotton mill workers
ROWLATT ACT (1919) -
Passed by imperial Legislative despite
opposition from Indian members
Government got power to detain political
prisoners for two years without trial
It was intended to curb political activity by
Indians
Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil
disobedience movement starting with hartal
RESULTS -
Massive strike and shutdown of shops and
workshops
Local Amritsar leaders arrested
Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi
Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer
JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-
Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar
gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to
celebrate Baisakhi
General Dyer blocked the only exit and
ordered fire on the gathering that left
hundreds dead
RESULTS-
News of the tragedy spread strikes and
clashes with police began
Government suppressed and humiliated
protestors
Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah
movement
KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT-
Gandhiji intended to unite people especially
Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement
across India
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated
with khilafat committee discussed United
action on khilafat movement along with
Non-cooperation movement
STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-
Surrender of government titles
Boycott of civil services army police courts
Legislative councils and schools
Boycott of foreign goods
Mobilise popular support
DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-
Many within Congress opposed boycott of
council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru
formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress
Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with
compromise and adoption of Non-
cooperation movement
DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-
MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-
bull Middle class participation
bull Schools colleges courts boycotted
boycott of foreign clothes
bull Picketing of liquor shops
bull Harmed colonial economy
SLOWDOWN-
bull Khadi was expensive which poor people
could not afford
bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions
bull Students teachers lawyers joined back
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM
The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)
takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system
Figure 3 Structure of Neuron
Human Nervous
System Neuron
Basic Unit
Types
Sensory Neuron
(Transmits
impulses from
sense organs (ear
skin etc) to
Central Nervous
System (CNS)
Motor Neuron (carries
impulses from brain and
spinal cord to effector
organs)
Relay Neuron
(occur in CNS
where they
serve as link
between other
neurons)
How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another
in the nervous system -
bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in
touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron
bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces
an electrical impulse in it
bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then
along to itrsquos axon
bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of
chemical substance into the synapse (gap)
bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the
dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on
Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a
particular set of neurons)
Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)
Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -
bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action
is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we
immediately remove our hand away from it
Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)
bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc
Figure 6 Reflex Arc
Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)
Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action
The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -
1 Human Brain -
Figure 9 Human brain
Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull
of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium
The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it
The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which
protects the brain from mechanical shocks
The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -
a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the
largest part of the brain
bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors
are present here
bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception
of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)
and muscular activities (frontal lobe)
bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves
b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the
other parts of the brain and spinal cord
bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk
in response to visual and auditory stimuli
c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata
bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body
movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc
bull Pons regulate respiration
bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart
beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as
swallowing coughing etc
2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral
column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord
bull It is also covered by meninges
bull It is the reflex centre of the body
Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions
How does the nervous tissue cause action
The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called
neuro-muscular junction
When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the
muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous
electrical impulses
New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus
bringing about movement in muscles
Figure 11 Neuromuscular function
Answer these MCQs -
1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash
a) Cell body
b) Axonal end
c) Dendritic end
d) Axon
2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -
a) Cell junction
b) Neuro-muscular junction
c) Neural joint
d) Synapse
Answer the following questions -
1) The brain is responsible for -
a) Thinking
b) Regulating the heart beat
c) Balancing the body
d) All of the above
2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors
do not work properly What problems are likely to arise
3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function
4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury
5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism
6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
ASSIGNMENT- 3
HISTORY
Chapter-3 STD10
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
MAIN TOPICS-
The first world war khilafat and non-
cooperation movement
Different stands within the movement
Towards civil disobedience
The sense of collective belonging
IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-
Created new economic and political
situation
Increase in defense expenditure
Increased custom duties and introduction of
income tax
Increased prices of commodities
Forced recruitment of villagers in army
Crop failure shortage of food
Spread of epidemic killing millions of people
IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-
Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea
of Satyagrah and Non-violence
Three experiments of Gandhiji with
Satyagrah
a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against
oppressive plantation system
b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding
relaxation in revenue collection
c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support
of cotton mill workers
ROWLATT ACT (1919) -
Passed by imperial Legislative despite
opposition from Indian members
Government got power to detain political
prisoners for two years without trial
It was intended to curb political activity by
Indians
Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil
disobedience movement starting with hartal
RESULTS -
Massive strike and shutdown of shops and
workshops
Local Amritsar leaders arrested
Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi
Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer
JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-
Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar
gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to
celebrate Baisakhi
General Dyer blocked the only exit and
ordered fire on the gathering that left
hundreds dead
RESULTS-
News of the tragedy spread strikes and
clashes with police began
Government suppressed and humiliated
protestors
Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah
movement
KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT-
Gandhiji intended to unite people especially
Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement
across India
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated
with khilafat committee discussed United
action on khilafat movement along with
Non-cooperation movement
STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-
Surrender of government titles
Boycott of civil services army police courts
Legislative councils and schools
Boycott of foreign goods
Mobilise popular support
DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-
Many within Congress opposed boycott of
council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru
formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress
Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with
compromise and adoption of Non-
cooperation movement
DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-
MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-
bull Middle class participation
bull Schools colleges courts boycotted
boycott of foreign clothes
bull Picketing of liquor shops
bull Harmed colonial economy
SLOWDOWN-
bull Khadi was expensive which poor people
could not afford
bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions
bull Students teachers lawyers joined back
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another
in the nervous system -
bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in
touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron
bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces
an electrical impulse in it
bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then
along to itrsquos axon
bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of
chemical substance into the synapse (gap)
bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the
dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on
Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a
particular set of neurons)
Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)
Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -
bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action
is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we
immediately remove our hand away from it
Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)
bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc
Figure 6 Reflex Arc
Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)
Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action
The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -
1 Human Brain -
Figure 9 Human brain
Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull
of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium
The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it
The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which
protects the brain from mechanical shocks
The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -
a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the
largest part of the brain
bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors
are present here
bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception
of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)
and muscular activities (frontal lobe)
bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves
b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the
other parts of the brain and spinal cord
bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk
in response to visual and auditory stimuli
c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata
bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body
movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc
bull Pons regulate respiration
bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart
beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as
swallowing coughing etc
2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral
column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord
bull It is also covered by meninges
bull It is the reflex centre of the body
Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions
How does the nervous tissue cause action
The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called
neuro-muscular junction
When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the
muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous
electrical impulses
New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus
bringing about movement in muscles
Figure 11 Neuromuscular function
Answer these MCQs -
1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash
a) Cell body
b) Axonal end
c) Dendritic end
d) Axon
2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -
a) Cell junction
b) Neuro-muscular junction
c) Neural joint
d) Synapse
Answer the following questions -
1) The brain is responsible for -
a) Thinking
b) Regulating the heart beat
c) Balancing the body
d) All of the above
2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors
do not work properly What problems are likely to arise
3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function
4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury
5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism
6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
ASSIGNMENT- 3
HISTORY
Chapter-3 STD10
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
MAIN TOPICS-
The first world war khilafat and non-
cooperation movement
Different stands within the movement
Towards civil disobedience
The sense of collective belonging
IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-
Created new economic and political
situation
Increase in defense expenditure
Increased custom duties and introduction of
income tax
Increased prices of commodities
Forced recruitment of villagers in army
Crop failure shortage of food
Spread of epidemic killing millions of people
IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-
Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea
of Satyagrah and Non-violence
Three experiments of Gandhiji with
Satyagrah
a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against
oppressive plantation system
b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding
relaxation in revenue collection
c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support
of cotton mill workers
ROWLATT ACT (1919) -
Passed by imperial Legislative despite
opposition from Indian members
Government got power to detain political
prisoners for two years without trial
It was intended to curb political activity by
Indians
Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil
disobedience movement starting with hartal
RESULTS -
Massive strike and shutdown of shops and
workshops
Local Amritsar leaders arrested
Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi
Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer
JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-
Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar
gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to
celebrate Baisakhi
General Dyer blocked the only exit and
ordered fire on the gathering that left
hundreds dead
RESULTS-
News of the tragedy spread strikes and
clashes with police began
Government suppressed and humiliated
protestors
Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah
movement
KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT-
Gandhiji intended to unite people especially
Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement
across India
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated
with khilafat committee discussed United
action on khilafat movement along with
Non-cooperation movement
STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-
Surrender of government titles
Boycott of civil services army police courts
Legislative councils and schools
Boycott of foreign goods
Mobilise popular support
DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-
Many within Congress opposed boycott of
council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru
formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress
Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with
compromise and adoption of Non-
cooperation movement
DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-
MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-
bull Middle class participation
bull Schools colleges courts boycotted
boycott of foreign clothes
bull Picketing of liquor shops
bull Harmed colonial economy
SLOWDOWN-
bull Khadi was expensive which poor people
could not afford
bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions
bull Students teachers lawyers joined back
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -
bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action
is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we
immediately remove our hand away from it
Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)
bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc
Figure 6 Reflex Arc
Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)
Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action
The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -
1 Human Brain -
Figure 9 Human brain
Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull
of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium
The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it
The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which
protects the brain from mechanical shocks
The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -
a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the
largest part of the brain
bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors
are present here
bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception
of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)
and muscular activities (frontal lobe)
bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves
b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the
other parts of the brain and spinal cord
bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk
in response to visual and auditory stimuli
c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata
bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body
movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc
bull Pons regulate respiration
bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart
beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as
swallowing coughing etc
2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral
column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord
bull It is also covered by meninges
bull It is the reflex centre of the body
Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions
How does the nervous tissue cause action
The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called
neuro-muscular junction
When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the
muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous
electrical impulses
New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus
bringing about movement in muscles
Figure 11 Neuromuscular function
Answer these MCQs -
1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash
a) Cell body
b) Axonal end
c) Dendritic end
d) Axon
2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -
a) Cell junction
b) Neuro-muscular junction
c) Neural joint
d) Synapse
Answer the following questions -
1) The brain is responsible for -
a) Thinking
b) Regulating the heart beat
c) Balancing the body
d) All of the above
2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors
do not work properly What problems are likely to arise
3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function
4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury
5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism
6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
ASSIGNMENT- 3
HISTORY
Chapter-3 STD10
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
MAIN TOPICS-
The first world war khilafat and non-
cooperation movement
Different stands within the movement
Towards civil disobedience
The sense of collective belonging
IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-
Created new economic and political
situation
Increase in defense expenditure
Increased custom duties and introduction of
income tax
Increased prices of commodities
Forced recruitment of villagers in army
Crop failure shortage of food
Spread of epidemic killing millions of people
IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-
Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea
of Satyagrah and Non-violence
Three experiments of Gandhiji with
Satyagrah
a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against
oppressive plantation system
b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding
relaxation in revenue collection
c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support
of cotton mill workers
ROWLATT ACT (1919) -
Passed by imperial Legislative despite
opposition from Indian members
Government got power to detain political
prisoners for two years without trial
It was intended to curb political activity by
Indians
Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil
disobedience movement starting with hartal
RESULTS -
Massive strike and shutdown of shops and
workshops
Local Amritsar leaders arrested
Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi
Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer
JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-
Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar
gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to
celebrate Baisakhi
General Dyer blocked the only exit and
ordered fire on the gathering that left
hundreds dead
RESULTS-
News of the tragedy spread strikes and
clashes with police began
Government suppressed and humiliated
protestors
Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah
movement
KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT-
Gandhiji intended to unite people especially
Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement
across India
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated
with khilafat committee discussed United
action on khilafat movement along with
Non-cooperation movement
STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-
Surrender of government titles
Boycott of civil services army police courts
Legislative councils and schools
Boycott of foreign goods
Mobilise popular support
DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-
Many within Congress opposed boycott of
council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru
formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress
Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with
compromise and adoption of Non-
cooperation movement
DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-
MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-
bull Middle class participation
bull Schools colleges courts boycotted
boycott of foreign clothes
bull Picketing of liquor shops
bull Harmed colonial economy
SLOWDOWN-
bull Khadi was expensive which poor people
could not afford
bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions
bull Students teachers lawyers joined back
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)
Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action
The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -
1 Human Brain -
Figure 9 Human brain
Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull
of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium
The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it
The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which
protects the brain from mechanical shocks
The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -
a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the
largest part of the brain
bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors
are present here
bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception
of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)
and muscular activities (frontal lobe)
bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves
b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the
other parts of the brain and spinal cord
bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk
in response to visual and auditory stimuli
c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata
bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body
movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc
bull Pons regulate respiration
bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart
beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as
swallowing coughing etc
2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral
column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord
bull It is also covered by meninges
bull It is the reflex centre of the body
Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions
How does the nervous tissue cause action
The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called
neuro-muscular junction
When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the
muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous
electrical impulses
New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus
bringing about movement in muscles
Figure 11 Neuromuscular function
Answer these MCQs -
1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash
a) Cell body
b) Axonal end
c) Dendritic end
d) Axon
2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -
a) Cell junction
b) Neuro-muscular junction
c) Neural joint
d) Synapse
Answer the following questions -
1) The brain is responsible for -
a) Thinking
b) Regulating the heart beat
c) Balancing the body
d) All of the above
2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors
do not work properly What problems are likely to arise
3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function
4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury
5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism
6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
ASSIGNMENT- 3
HISTORY
Chapter-3 STD10
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
MAIN TOPICS-
The first world war khilafat and non-
cooperation movement
Different stands within the movement
Towards civil disobedience
The sense of collective belonging
IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-
Created new economic and political
situation
Increase in defense expenditure
Increased custom duties and introduction of
income tax
Increased prices of commodities
Forced recruitment of villagers in army
Crop failure shortage of food
Spread of epidemic killing millions of people
IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-
Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea
of Satyagrah and Non-violence
Three experiments of Gandhiji with
Satyagrah
a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against
oppressive plantation system
b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding
relaxation in revenue collection
c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support
of cotton mill workers
ROWLATT ACT (1919) -
Passed by imperial Legislative despite
opposition from Indian members
Government got power to detain political
prisoners for two years without trial
It was intended to curb political activity by
Indians
Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil
disobedience movement starting with hartal
RESULTS -
Massive strike and shutdown of shops and
workshops
Local Amritsar leaders arrested
Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi
Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer
JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-
Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar
gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to
celebrate Baisakhi
General Dyer blocked the only exit and
ordered fire on the gathering that left
hundreds dead
RESULTS-
News of the tragedy spread strikes and
clashes with police began
Government suppressed and humiliated
protestors
Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah
movement
KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT-
Gandhiji intended to unite people especially
Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement
across India
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated
with khilafat committee discussed United
action on khilafat movement along with
Non-cooperation movement
STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-
Surrender of government titles
Boycott of civil services army police courts
Legislative councils and schools
Boycott of foreign goods
Mobilise popular support
DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-
Many within Congress opposed boycott of
council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru
formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress
Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with
compromise and adoption of Non-
cooperation movement
DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-
MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-
bull Middle class participation
bull Schools colleges courts boycotted
boycott of foreign clothes
bull Picketing of liquor shops
bull Harmed colonial economy
SLOWDOWN-
bull Khadi was expensive which poor people
could not afford
bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions
bull Students teachers lawyers joined back
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -
1 Human Brain -
Figure 9 Human brain
Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull
of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium
The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it
The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which
protects the brain from mechanical shocks
The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -
a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the
largest part of the brain
bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors
are present here
bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception
of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)
and muscular activities (frontal lobe)
bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves
b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the
other parts of the brain and spinal cord
bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk
in response to visual and auditory stimuli
c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata
bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body
movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc
bull Pons regulate respiration
bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart
beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as
swallowing coughing etc
2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral
column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord
bull It is also covered by meninges
bull It is the reflex centre of the body
Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions
How does the nervous tissue cause action
The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called
neuro-muscular junction
When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the
muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous
electrical impulses
New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus
bringing about movement in muscles
Figure 11 Neuromuscular function
Answer these MCQs -
1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash
a) Cell body
b) Axonal end
c) Dendritic end
d) Axon
2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -
a) Cell junction
b) Neuro-muscular junction
c) Neural joint
d) Synapse
Answer the following questions -
1) The brain is responsible for -
a) Thinking
b) Regulating the heart beat
c) Balancing the body
d) All of the above
2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors
do not work properly What problems are likely to arise
3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function
4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury
5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism
6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
ASSIGNMENT- 3
HISTORY
Chapter-3 STD10
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
MAIN TOPICS-
The first world war khilafat and non-
cooperation movement
Different stands within the movement
Towards civil disobedience
The sense of collective belonging
IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-
Created new economic and political
situation
Increase in defense expenditure
Increased custom duties and introduction of
income tax
Increased prices of commodities
Forced recruitment of villagers in army
Crop failure shortage of food
Spread of epidemic killing millions of people
IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-
Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea
of Satyagrah and Non-violence
Three experiments of Gandhiji with
Satyagrah
a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against
oppressive plantation system
b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding
relaxation in revenue collection
c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support
of cotton mill workers
ROWLATT ACT (1919) -
Passed by imperial Legislative despite
opposition from Indian members
Government got power to detain political
prisoners for two years without trial
It was intended to curb political activity by
Indians
Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil
disobedience movement starting with hartal
RESULTS -
Massive strike and shutdown of shops and
workshops
Local Amritsar leaders arrested
Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi
Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer
JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-
Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar
gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to
celebrate Baisakhi
General Dyer blocked the only exit and
ordered fire on the gathering that left
hundreds dead
RESULTS-
News of the tragedy spread strikes and
clashes with police began
Government suppressed and humiliated
protestors
Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah
movement
KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT-
Gandhiji intended to unite people especially
Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement
across India
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated
with khilafat committee discussed United
action on khilafat movement along with
Non-cooperation movement
STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-
Surrender of government titles
Boycott of civil services army police courts
Legislative councils and schools
Boycott of foreign goods
Mobilise popular support
DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-
Many within Congress opposed boycott of
council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru
formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress
Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with
compromise and adoption of Non-
cooperation movement
DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-
MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-
bull Middle class participation
bull Schools colleges courts boycotted
boycott of foreign clothes
bull Picketing of liquor shops
bull Harmed colonial economy
SLOWDOWN-
bull Khadi was expensive which poor people
could not afford
bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions
bull Students teachers lawyers joined back
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors
are present here
bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception
of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)
and muscular activities (frontal lobe)
bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves
b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the
other parts of the brain and spinal cord
bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk
in response to visual and auditory stimuli
c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata
bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body
movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc
bull Pons regulate respiration
bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart
beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as
swallowing coughing etc
2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral
column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord
bull It is also covered by meninges
bull It is the reflex centre of the body
Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions
How does the nervous tissue cause action
The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called
neuro-muscular junction
When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the
muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous
electrical impulses
New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus
bringing about movement in muscles
Figure 11 Neuromuscular function
Answer these MCQs -
1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash
a) Cell body
b) Axonal end
c) Dendritic end
d) Axon
2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -
a) Cell junction
b) Neuro-muscular junction
c) Neural joint
d) Synapse
Answer the following questions -
1) The brain is responsible for -
a) Thinking
b) Regulating the heart beat
c) Balancing the body
d) All of the above
2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors
do not work properly What problems are likely to arise
3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function
4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury
5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism
6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
ASSIGNMENT- 3
HISTORY
Chapter-3 STD10
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
MAIN TOPICS-
The first world war khilafat and non-
cooperation movement
Different stands within the movement
Towards civil disobedience
The sense of collective belonging
IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-
Created new economic and political
situation
Increase in defense expenditure
Increased custom duties and introduction of
income tax
Increased prices of commodities
Forced recruitment of villagers in army
Crop failure shortage of food
Spread of epidemic killing millions of people
IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-
Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea
of Satyagrah and Non-violence
Three experiments of Gandhiji with
Satyagrah
a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against
oppressive plantation system
b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding
relaxation in revenue collection
c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support
of cotton mill workers
ROWLATT ACT (1919) -
Passed by imperial Legislative despite
opposition from Indian members
Government got power to detain political
prisoners for two years without trial
It was intended to curb political activity by
Indians
Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil
disobedience movement starting with hartal
RESULTS -
Massive strike and shutdown of shops and
workshops
Local Amritsar leaders arrested
Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi
Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer
JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-
Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar
gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to
celebrate Baisakhi
General Dyer blocked the only exit and
ordered fire on the gathering that left
hundreds dead
RESULTS-
News of the tragedy spread strikes and
clashes with police began
Government suppressed and humiliated
protestors
Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah
movement
KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT-
Gandhiji intended to unite people especially
Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement
across India
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated
with khilafat committee discussed United
action on khilafat movement along with
Non-cooperation movement
STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-
Surrender of government titles
Boycott of civil services army police courts
Legislative councils and schools
Boycott of foreign goods
Mobilise popular support
DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-
Many within Congress opposed boycott of
council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru
formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress
Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with
compromise and adoption of Non-
cooperation movement
DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-
MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-
bull Middle class participation
bull Schools colleges courts boycotted
boycott of foreign clothes
bull Picketing of liquor shops
bull Harmed colonial economy
SLOWDOWN-
bull Khadi was expensive which poor people
could not afford
bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions
bull Students teachers lawyers joined back
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
How does the nervous tissue cause action
The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called
neuro-muscular junction
When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the
muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous
electrical impulses
New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus
bringing about movement in muscles
Figure 11 Neuromuscular function
Answer these MCQs -
1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash
a) Cell body
b) Axonal end
c) Dendritic end
d) Axon
2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -
a) Cell junction
b) Neuro-muscular junction
c) Neural joint
d) Synapse
Answer the following questions -
1) The brain is responsible for -
a) Thinking
b) Regulating the heart beat
c) Balancing the body
d) All of the above
2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors
do not work properly What problems are likely to arise
3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function
4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury
5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism
6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
ASSIGNMENT- 3
HISTORY
Chapter-3 STD10
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
MAIN TOPICS-
The first world war khilafat and non-
cooperation movement
Different stands within the movement
Towards civil disobedience
The sense of collective belonging
IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-
Created new economic and political
situation
Increase in defense expenditure
Increased custom duties and introduction of
income tax
Increased prices of commodities
Forced recruitment of villagers in army
Crop failure shortage of food
Spread of epidemic killing millions of people
IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-
Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea
of Satyagrah and Non-violence
Three experiments of Gandhiji with
Satyagrah
a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against
oppressive plantation system
b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding
relaxation in revenue collection
c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support
of cotton mill workers
ROWLATT ACT (1919) -
Passed by imperial Legislative despite
opposition from Indian members
Government got power to detain political
prisoners for two years without trial
It was intended to curb political activity by
Indians
Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil
disobedience movement starting with hartal
RESULTS -
Massive strike and shutdown of shops and
workshops
Local Amritsar leaders arrested
Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi
Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer
JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-
Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar
gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to
celebrate Baisakhi
General Dyer blocked the only exit and
ordered fire on the gathering that left
hundreds dead
RESULTS-
News of the tragedy spread strikes and
clashes with police began
Government suppressed and humiliated
protestors
Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah
movement
KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT-
Gandhiji intended to unite people especially
Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement
across India
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated
with khilafat committee discussed United
action on khilafat movement along with
Non-cooperation movement
STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-
Surrender of government titles
Boycott of civil services army police courts
Legislative councils and schools
Boycott of foreign goods
Mobilise popular support
DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-
Many within Congress opposed boycott of
council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru
formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress
Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with
compromise and adoption of Non-
cooperation movement
DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-
MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-
bull Middle class participation
bull Schools colleges courts boycotted
boycott of foreign clothes
bull Picketing of liquor shops
bull Harmed colonial economy
SLOWDOWN-
bull Khadi was expensive which poor people
could not afford
bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions
bull Students teachers lawyers joined back
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
Answer these MCQs -
1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash
a) Cell body
b) Axonal end
c) Dendritic end
d) Axon
2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -
a) Cell junction
b) Neuro-muscular junction
c) Neural joint
d) Synapse
Answer the following questions -
1) The brain is responsible for -
a) Thinking
b) Regulating the heart beat
c) Balancing the body
d) All of the above
2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors
do not work properly What problems are likely to arise
3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function
4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury
5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism
6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other
----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
ASSIGNMENT- 3
HISTORY
Chapter-3 STD10
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
MAIN TOPICS-
The first world war khilafat and non-
cooperation movement
Different stands within the movement
Towards civil disobedience
The sense of collective belonging
IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-
Created new economic and political
situation
Increase in defense expenditure
Increased custom duties and introduction of
income tax
Increased prices of commodities
Forced recruitment of villagers in army
Crop failure shortage of food
Spread of epidemic killing millions of people
IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-
Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea
of Satyagrah and Non-violence
Three experiments of Gandhiji with
Satyagrah
a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against
oppressive plantation system
b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding
relaxation in revenue collection
c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support
of cotton mill workers
ROWLATT ACT (1919) -
Passed by imperial Legislative despite
opposition from Indian members
Government got power to detain political
prisoners for two years without trial
It was intended to curb political activity by
Indians
Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil
disobedience movement starting with hartal
RESULTS -
Massive strike and shutdown of shops and
workshops
Local Amritsar leaders arrested
Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi
Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer
JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-
Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar
gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to
celebrate Baisakhi
General Dyer blocked the only exit and
ordered fire on the gathering that left
hundreds dead
RESULTS-
News of the tragedy spread strikes and
clashes with police began
Government suppressed and humiliated
protestors
Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah
movement
KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT-
Gandhiji intended to unite people especially
Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement
across India
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated
with khilafat committee discussed United
action on khilafat movement along with
Non-cooperation movement
STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-
Surrender of government titles
Boycott of civil services army police courts
Legislative councils and schools
Boycott of foreign goods
Mobilise popular support
DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-
Many within Congress opposed boycott of
council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru
formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress
Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with
compromise and adoption of Non-
cooperation movement
DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-
MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-
bull Middle class participation
bull Schools colleges courts boycotted
boycott of foreign clothes
bull Picketing of liquor shops
bull Harmed colonial economy
SLOWDOWN-
bull Khadi was expensive which poor people
could not afford
bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions
bull Students teachers lawyers joined back
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
ASSIGNMENT- 3
HISTORY
Chapter-3 STD10
NATIONALISM IN INDIA
MAIN TOPICS-
The first world war khilafat and non-
cooperation movement
Different stands within the movement
Towards civil disobedience
The sense of collective belonging
IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-
Created new economic and political
situation
Increase in defense expenditure
Increased custom duties and introduction of
income tax
Increased prices of commodities
Forced recruitment of villagers in army
Crop failure shortage of food
Spread of epidemic killing millions of people
IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-
Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea
of Satyagrah and Non-violence
Three experiments of Gandhiji with
Satyagrah
a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against
oppressive plantation system
b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding
relaxation in revenue collection
c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support
of cotton mill workers
ROWLATT ACT (1919) -
Passed by imperial Legislative despite
opposition from Indian members
Government got power to detain political
prisoners for two years without trial
It was intended to curb political activity by
Indians
Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil
disobedience movement starting with hartal
RESULTS -
Massive strike and shutdown of shops and
workshops
Local Amritsar leaders arrested
Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi
Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer
JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-
Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar
gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to
celebrate Baisakhi
General Dyer blocked the only exit and
ordered fire on the gathering that left
hundreds dead
RESULTS-
News of the tragedy spread strikes and
clashes with police began
Government suppressed and humiliated
protestors
Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah
movement
KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT-
Gandhiji intended to unite people especially
Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement
across India
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated
with khilafat committee discussed United
action on khilafat movement along with
Non-cooperation movement
STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-
Surrender of government titles
Boycott of civil services army police courts
Legislative councils and schools
Boycott of foreign goods
Mobilise popular support
DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-
Many within Congress opposed boycott of
council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru
formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress
Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with
compromise and adoption of Non-
cooperation movement
DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-
MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-
bull Middle class participation
bull Schools colleges courts boycotted
boycott of foreign clothes
bull Picketing of liquor shops
bull Harmed colonial economy
SLOWDOWN-
bull Khadi was expensive which poor people
could not afford
bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions
bull Students teachers lawyers joined back
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
MAIN TOPICS-
The first world war khilafat and non-
cooperation movement
Different stands within the movement
Towards civil disobedience
The sense of collective belonging
IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-
Created new economic and political
situation
Increase in defense expenditure
Increased custom duties and introduction of
income tax
Increased prices of commodities
Forced recruitment of villagers in army
Crop failure shortage of food
Spread of epidemic killing millions of people
IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-
Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea
of Satyagrah and Non-violence
Three experiments of Gandhiji with
Satyagrah
a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against
oppressive plantation system
b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding
relaxation in revenue collection
c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support
of cotton mill workers
ROWLATT ACT (1919) -
Passed by imperial Legislative despite
opposition from Indian members
Government got power to detain political
prisoners for two years without trial
It was intended to curb political activity by
Indians
Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil
disobedience movement starting with hartal
RESULTS -
Massive strike and shutdown of shops and
workshops
Local Amritsar leaders arrested
Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi
Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer
JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-
Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar
gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to
celebrate Baisakhi
General Dyer blocked the only exit and
ordered fire on the gathering that left
hundreds dead
RESULTS-
News of the tragedy spread strikes and
clashes with police began
Government suppressed and humiliated
protestors
Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah
movement
KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT-
Gandhiji intended to unite people especially
Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement
across India
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated
with khilafat committee discussed United
action on khilafat movement along with
Non-cooperation movement
STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-
Surrender of government titles
Boycott of civil services army police courts
Legislative councils and schools
Boycott of foreign goods
Mobilise popular support
DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-
Many within Congress opposed boycott of
council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru
formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress
Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with
compromise and adoption of Non-
cooperation movement
DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-
MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-
bull Middle class participation
bull Schools colleges courts boycotted
boycott of foreign clothes
bull Picketing of liquor shops
bull Harmed colonial economy
SLOWDOWN-
bull Khadi was expensive which poor people
could not afford
bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions
bull Students teachers lawyers joined back
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
Created new economic and political
situation
Increase in defense expenditure
Increased custom duties and introduction of
income tax
Increased prices of commodities
Forced recruitment of villagers in army
Crop failure shortage of food
Spread of epidemic killing millions of people
IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-
Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea
of Satyagrah and Non-violence
Three experiments of Gandhiji with
Satyagrah
a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against
oppressive plantation system
b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding
relaxation in revenue collection
c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support
of cotton mill workers
ROWLATT ACT (1919) -
Passed by imperial Legislative despite
opposition from Indian members
Government got power to detain political
prisoners for two years without trial
It was intended to curb political activity by
Indians
Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil
disobedience movement starting with hartal
RESULTS -
Massive strike and shutdown of shops and
workshops
Local Amritsar leaders arrested
Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi
Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer
JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-
Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar
gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to
celebrate Baisakhi
General Dyer blocked the only exit and
ordered fire on the gathering that left
hundreds dead
RESULTS-
News of the tragedy spread strikes and
clashes with police began
Government suppressed and humiliated
protestors
Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah
movement
KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT-
Gandhiji intended to unite people especially
Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement
across India
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated
with khilafat committee discussed United
action on khilafat movement along with
Non-cooperation movement
STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-
Surrender of government titles
Boycott of civil services army police courts
Legislative councils and schools
Boycott of foreign goods
Mobilise popular support
DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-
Many within Congress opposed boycott of
council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru
formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress
Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with
compromise and adoption of Non-
cooperation movement
DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-
MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-
bull Middle class participation
bull Schools colleges courts boycotted
boycott of foreign clothes
bull Picketing of liquor shops
bull Harmed colonial economy
SLOWDOWN-
bull Khadi was expensive which poor people
could not afford
bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions
bull Students teachers lawyers joined back
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
Passed by imperial Legislative despite
opposition from Indian members
Government got power to detain political
prisoners for two years without trial
It was intended to curb political activity by
Indians
Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil
disobedience movement starting with hartal
RESULTS -
Massive strike and shutdown of shops and
workshops
Local Amritsar leaders arrested
Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi
Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer
JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-
Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar
gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to
celebrate Baisakhi
General Dyer blocked the only exit and
ordered fire on the gathering that left
hundreds dead
RESULTS-
News of the tragedy spread strikes and
clashes with police began
Government suppressed and humiliated
protestors
Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah
movement
KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT-
Gandhiji intended to unite people especially
Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement
across India
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated
with khilafat committee discussed United
action on khilafat movement along with
Non-cooperation movement
STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-
Surrender of government titles
Boycott of civil services army police courts
Legislative councils and schools
Boycott of foreign goods
Mobilise popular support
DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-
Many within Congress opposed boycott of
council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru
formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress
Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with
compromise and adoption of Non-
cooperation movement
DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-
MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-
bull Middle class participation
bull Schools colleges courts boycotted
boycott of foreign clothes
bull Picketing of liquor shops
bull Harmed colonial economy
SLOWDOWN-
bull Khadi was expensive which poor people
could not afford
bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions
bull Students teachers lawyers joined back
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
RESULTS-
News of the tragedy spread strikes and
clashes with police began
Government suppressed and humiliated
protestors
Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah
movement
KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION
MOVEMENT-
Gandhiji intended to unite people especially
Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement
across India
Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated
with khilafat committee discussed United
action on khilafat movement along with
Non-cooperation movement
STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-
Surrender of government titles
Boycott of civil services army police courts
Legislative councils and schools
Boycott of foreign goods
Mobilise popular support
DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-
Many within Congress opposed boycott of
council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru
formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress
Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with
compromise and adoption of Non-
cooperation movement
DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-
MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-
bull Middle class participation
bull Schools colleges courts boycotted
boycott of foreign clothes
bull Picketing of liquor shops
bull Harmed colonial economy
SLOWDOWN-
bull Khadi was expensive which poor people
could not afford
bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions
bull Students teachers lawyers joined back
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-
Many within Congress opposed boycott of
council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru
formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress
Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with
compromise and adoption of Non-
cooperation movement
DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-
MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-
bull Middle class participation
bull Schools colleges courts boycotted
boycott of foreign clothes
bull Picketing of liquor shops
bull Harmed colonial economy
SLOWDOWN-
bull Khadi was expensive which poor people
could not afford
bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions
bull Students teachers lawyers joined back
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-
Peasants-
bull Led by Baba Ramchandra
bull Movements against landlords and
talukdars
bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar
bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs
bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches
in many villages
Tribals-
bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju
bull Restricted entry into forests
bull Used violence to counter forests laws
bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi
and give up drinking
SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-
Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by
plantation workers
Many workers defied authorities and headed
homes caught and brought back to
plantation
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
Brutal treatment with run away workers
Under Inland Emigration Act 1859
plantation workers were not permitted to
leave the tea gardens without permission
TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-
Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn
by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-
Chaura in Gorakhpur
Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by
CR Dad and Motilal Nehru
Others argued agitation
FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-
Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded
Purna Swaraj
Declared celebration of Independence Day
on 26th January 1930
Pledge to struggle for complete
independence
a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930
b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928
Agricultural prices slashed
Statutory commission under Simon constituted
Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system
Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue
It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT] -
Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and
specific demands
Abolition of salt tax was common to all
No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt
March
Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by
manufacturing salt
Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement
throughout India
CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Violent clashes in many places and police
firings
Gandhiji arrested too
Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and
children beaten and thousands arrested
Gandhiji called off the movement
RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT-
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
GANDHI IRWIN PACT-
Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round
Table Conference
Government to release political prisoners
Negotiation at the Round Table Conference
broke
Gandhiji returned to India
Government resorts to brutal repression
Congress leaders were arrested
Congress declared illegal
Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience
Movement
HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-
RICH PEASANTS--
Hit by trade depression and falling prices
Unable to pay revenue
Resentment over refusal of reduction in
revenue demand
Joined civil disobedience movement for
them it was struggle against high
revenue
Reluctant to participate when it was
relaunched
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
POOR PEASANTS-
They too faced similar problem as rich
peasants
Depression made it impossible to pay rent
to landlords
Congress not willing to support poor
fearing it might upset the rich peasants
No active participation by poor and small
peasants
BUSINESS COMMUNITY-
They demanded protection against imports
and fixed exchange ratio
Supported Civil Disobedience Movement
Failure of Round Table Conference lost their
interest in Civil Disobedience Movement
Growing socialism in Congress and militant
activities kept them away from Civil
Disobedience Movement when relaunched
WOMEN-
Large scale participation protest marches
Salt manufacturing
Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
Many of them went to jail also
Began to see service to nation as sacred duty
WORKERS-
Limited participation due to closeness of
Congress with business community
Engaged in some sort of boycott against low
wages and poor working conditions
Congress reluctant to include their demands
fearing alienation of Industrialists
LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-
DALITS-
Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability
and called them Harijans
Organised Satyagrah for their entry into
temples and other public places
BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes
Association in 1930 and demanded separate
electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference
Gandhiji ruled out their demands
Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and
Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to
details
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
Details however remained uneasy towards
national movement
MUSLIMS-
Decline of Khilafat movement alienated
Muslims from Congress
Open association of Congress with Hindu
Mahasabha too widened the gap
Militant passions in both communities
provoked clashes and riots
Muslim League demanded separate
electorates which Hindu Mahasabha
rejected
Both communities were filled with suspicion
and distrust
Muslims feared domination by Hindus and
loss of their cultural identity
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-
United struggle
Cultural process and glorious past
Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram
Revival of Indian Folklore
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite
and inspire people about nationalism
Reinterpretation of history helped in
promoting the sense of collective belonging
and nationalism
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
ASSIGNMENT-
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(1 mark each)
1) Define nationalism
2) Who lead the peasants movement in
Awadh
3) The non-cooperation movement was
launched in __________
4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for
Purna Swaraj in
a) 1929
b) 1927
c) 1928
d) 1920
5) Non-cooperation was decided in
which Congress session
a) Calcutta
b) Nagpur
c) Madras
d) Lahore
6) What was Inland Emigration Act of
1859
7) Who formed Swaraj Party
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
8) Who raised the slogan do or die
9) Who created the image of Bharat
Mata
10) Who were known as Ali brothers
11) Who was Natesa Sastri
12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by
1921
13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre
take place
14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj
15) Who wrote vande mataram
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(3 marks each)
1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah
Movements organised by Gandhiji
between 1916 and 1918
2) Why were Indians outraged by the
Rowlatt act
3) What was the Khilafat agitation
Why did Gandhiji gave support to this
agitation
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to
call off Non ndash cooperation Movement
5) What were the stages of Non-
cooperation Movement
6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation
Movement gradually slow down in cities
7) Who was sir John Simon Why was
Simon commission rejected in India and
how
8) What were the agreements made in
Gandhi Irwin pact
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-
(5 marks each)
1) Distinguish between non ndash
cooperation Movement and civil
disobedience Movement
2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants
Movement
3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of
history was followed to encourage
nationalismrdquo Describe
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
4) How did history and fiction folklore
and songs popular prints and symbols
all played important part in the making
of Indian nationalism in the 19th century
Explain
5) Describe the main features of the
Poona Pact
6) Describe briefly the Salt March
undertaken by Gandhiji
7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh
NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT
TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE
MAP WORK
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES
All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend
FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000
Immensely rich in
wildlife
Cultivated species
Diverse in form and function
Closely integrated in a system
Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY
15000 flowering plants (indigenous)
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)
bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival
bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species
bull In danger of extinction
bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc
Endangered Species
bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species
bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc
Vulnerable Species
bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category
bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc
Rare Species
bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers
bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh
Endemic Species
bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth
bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck
Extinct Species
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna
Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture
Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities
During colonial
period
After Indencepence
River valley projects
Deforestation and Shifting cultivation
Mining activities
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh
Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve
Decline
in
Biodiversity
Habiat destruction
Hunting
Poaching
Over exploitation
amp
Environmental
Pollution
Poisoning amp
Forest fire
Use to treat some cancer
Taxol is extracted from parts of tree
Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh
Preserves the ecological diversity
Preserves our life support system
Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife
1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme
2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats
3 An all-India list of protected species was also published
Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
1 Reserved Forests -
2 Protected Forests -
3 Unclassed Forests -
bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife
bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc
bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion
bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc
bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities
bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
Community and Conservation
1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act
2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo
3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation
4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals
Reserved
Forests
Protected
Forests
Permanent
Forests
Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest
produce
Madhya Pradesh -75
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
Joint Forest Management ( JFM)
ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India
Involvement of local communities in the
management amp restoration of degraded forests
Existence since 1988 in Odisha
Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for
forest products
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL
SECTOR 5B B S CITY
SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3
Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX
Web Applications (Basic)
Working with Accessibility Options
Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily
For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision
while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer
with their voice
Common accessibility features
Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the
operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility
features you may already have on your device
bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-
speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other
features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for
users with limited vision to see the screen
bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps
to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems
transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so
users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening
to
bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are
convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with
difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty
pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time
to activate a shortcut
Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)
The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility
settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see
your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows
recommend settings and programs for you
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
bull Quick access to common tools
bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and
bull Explore all settings
Explore All Settings
Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7
brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the
Ease of Access Center
Make the computer easier to see
If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make
text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen
and hear on-screen text read aloud
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that
heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those
items more distinct and easier to identify
bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option
allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print
Screen keys
bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator
reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that
happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator
bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to
your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos
bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your
screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your
screen larger or smaller
bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer
Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially
useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier
see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the
appearance of window borders to make them easier to see
bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on
your desktop
bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected
item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see
bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in
dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see
bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading
effects when you close windows and other elements
bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and
background images to help make the screen easier to see
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard
Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard
Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen
Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)
You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or
keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to
Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can
select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard
keyboard
bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a
microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well
as dictate text
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
Make the mouse easier to use
You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it
easier to use your mouse
You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access
Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse
pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see
bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by
using the numeric keypad
bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and
activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
Make the keyboard easier to use
You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key
combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the
Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to
use
bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad
to move the pointer
bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead
of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys
together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the
settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is
pressed
bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows
Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock
keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not
realizing it
bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can
set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held
down for several seconds unintentionally
bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog
boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about
keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help
bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen
This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your
screen when you move them there
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
Use text or visual alternatives to sounds
Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs
You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease
of Access Center
Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use
bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you
log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash
on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also
choose how you want sound notifications to warn you
bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in
place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a
document starts or finishes printing)
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option
Self Assessment Exercise
1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows
2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options
3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool
4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys
5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys
6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access
Center option