Animal Kingdom
• Classify similar animals into Phyla
• 36 Animal Phyla – Only 1 has vertebrates
Nekton
• Strong swimmers in the pelagic realm
Giant Squid Captured, Filmed for First Time : Dec 22, 2006- Japan
Fig. 13-12, p. 268
An immature female specimen of the squid researchers are calling Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni the "colossal squid". (April 2003)
Cephalopod Mollusks
• Pelagic = squid, cuttlefish, chambered nautilus
• (benthic = octopus)
• Foot modified into tentacles
• Active predators
• Highly evolved nervous system
• Largest of the invertebrates (59 ft squid)
Vertebrates:Cartilaginous Fish –
• Skeletons made of cartilage• skates, rays
– more benthic
– Dorsoventrally flattened
• sharks – More pelagic
– Torpedo shaped and streamlined
Fig. 13-13, p. 269
Fig. 13-14, p. 269
Cartilaginous Fish
• skeletons made of tough elastic cartilage
• negatively buoyant– Use fins for lift– Store oil in liver
• Gill slits are visible
• some of the active sharks must swim to breathe
Vertebrates: Bony Fish
• Skeletons made of bone
• most numerous and successful of all vertebrates
Fig. 13-15, p. 270
Bony Fish – Class Osteichthyes
• swim bladders
Bony Fish – Class Osteichthyes
• operculum
Fig. 13-16, p. 271
Bony Fish – Class Osteichthyes
• body shape effects the efficiency of movement
Vertebrates: Marine Reptiles
• Sea turtles, sea snakes, marine iguanas, marine crocodiles
Fig. 13-19, p. 273
Fig. 13-18, p. 272
Marine Reptiles
• ectothermic
• covered with scales
• breathe air with lungs,
• have specialized salt glands to excrete excess salt taken in from seawater
Vertebrates: Marine Birds
• Albatrosses, pelicans, gulls, terns, puffins and penguins
• are endotherms
• have feathers
• also have salt secreting glands
Fig. 13-20, p. 274
Vertebrates: Marine Mammals
• mammary glands
• hair
• endothermic
Marine Mammals
• Cetaceans – porpoises, dolphins and whales– toothed whales & baleen whales
Fig. 13-21a, p. 275
Fig. 13-21b, p. 276
Fig. 13-22a, p. 277
Marine Mammals
• Carnivora – seals, sea lions, walruses, sea otters and polar
bears
Marine Mammals
• Sirenia– manatees- only herbivorous marine mammal
Fig. 13-25, p. 279
Marine Mammals
• streamlined bodies
• breathe air using lungs
• modified respiratory & circulatory system system
• osmotic adaptations