PowerPoint Presentation(For the Mini Workshop Future of the Past) Mangalore 22-26 November 2011 1.2 m – 80000 yrsLower Palaeolithic 80000-40000 yrsMiddle Palaeolithc 40000-30000 yrsUpper Palaeolithic SOUTH ASIAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL CHRONOLOGY 2600-1900 BC Harappan Tradition 7000-5000 BC Sanyasulagavi Major part of the Human life occupied by Hunting-Gathering stage . They lived for a short period either for manufacture or subsistence purposes in natural caves or shelters. This was due to extremely cold climatic conditions. Traces of their occupation are found in at such shelters or near the source of raw materials Billasurgam Cave Mogasarayangondi Cave Mesolithic Period- Very important as one witnesses switch over from Hunting-Gathering to Agriculture. Man began to stay at one place little longer. Traces of flimsy floors have been reported from many sites Neolithic Stage- Beginning of Agriculture due to changing Climatic conditions, population rise, etc. Evidence of habitation , emergence of proper structural activities, change in the social organization, different types of structures including domestic, craftmen’s area, public, religious, etc. Mehrgarh Period I- Early Harappan features at Farmana A number of well made floor levels noticed between the Early and Mature Harappan phases in Farmanan suggesting dradual development in the Structural Activities St. 1 Phase from Early to Mature Structural Phase- I- Period IIA Structural Phase-II, Period IIB FARMANA: A PLAN OF STRUCTURES Tow structural levels have been excavated: St. Phase- I belong to Period IIA and St. Phase- II of Period- IIB Structural Phase-I – Period IIA, Locality-3, North of the settlement- Structure Complex 15 Period-IIA- Structural Phase-I- Locality-2, East of the settlement Structure Complexes 8-12 all oriented NW-SE, the pattern which continues in Period IIB also. Structure Complexes 8-9 Period- IIA Structure Complexes 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6: Structural Phase II- Period- IIB, Locality-1 Another Kitchen cum storage of the complex 3 Fire places of different shapes and sizes- Rectangular majority. Usually pots and jars are associated with them. Structure Complex 3 Storage rooms and pits of the complex St. Complex 4- Nine rooms (4A to 4I) of which have been excavated so far Kitchen of the Complex 4 P A S S A G E Rooms for Security? WELL PLANNED CITY LAYOUT OF HARAPPAN CITIES AND TOWNS North Gate Crossing of major streets PARELLEL WALLS STRUCTURE: GRANERY? remains? Economic and social conditions, etc. Fully settled community prefer Rectangular/ Square structures Whereas semi-nomad ones circular structures-Reasons Size and nature of construction provide information regarding Economic conditions. House of a Chief usually in the central place whereas those of the Craftsmen on the periphery. Any Question?