Anatomy 301 Anatomy 301 ReviewReview
Week 1Week 1
Noel HastingsNoel [email protected]@u.washington.edu
Course Objectives & Course Objectives & GradesGrades
No matter what I say here, No matter what I say here, know your course objectives know your course objectives
that were given to you! that were given to you! These handouts are the These handouts are the
key!!!key!!!
Try to do well on quizzes and Try to do well on quizzes and take home assignments. take home assignments. These are easy points!!These are easy points!!
Terminology & Terminology & VocabularyVocabulary
Study of AnatomyStudy of Anatomy• InspectionInspection• PalpationPalpation• AuscultationAuscultation• PercussionPercussion• DissectionDissection• Radiography (1895)
• X ray – bonesX ray – bones• MRI – soft tissueMRI – soft tissue
Anatomical PositionAnatomical Position• Medial – LateralMedial – Lateral• Proximal – DistalProximal – Distal• Superficial – DeepSuperficial – Deep• Superior – InferiorSuperior – Inferior• Cranial/Rostral – Cranial/Rostral –
CaudalCaudal• Ventral – DorsalVentral – Dorsal• Anterior – PosteriorAnterior – Posterior
Body Cavities & Body Cavities & MembranesMembranes
Dorsal Cavity• Cranial cavity
(brain)• Ventral canal (cord)
• Meninges (DAP)
Inferior Ventral Cavity
Abdominal cavity (guts!)
• Parietal peritoneum• Visceral peritoneum
Superior Ventral Cavity
Thoracic cavity• Lungs
• Parietal pleura• Visceral pleura
• Heart• Parietal pericardium• Visceral pericardium
(epicardium)
Tissue SectionsTissue Sections Important to understand how tissues Important to understand how tissues
look when sliced and placed on a slide. look when sliced and placed on a slide. Think about cutting vegetable at home!Think about cutting vegetable at home!
Microscopic Anatomy Microscopic Anatomy (Histology)(Histology)
Cells + Matrix = TissueCells + Matrix = TissueKnow Some Locations for Each Tissue TypeKnow Some Locations for Each Tissue Type
1) Epithelial (Squamous, Cuboidal & Columnar)
2) Connective (Fibrous, Supportive & Fluid)
3) Muscle (Smooth, Skeletal & Cardiac)4) Nervous (Neurons & Glial Cells)
Epithelial TissueEpithelial Tissue
Squamous - Cuboidal - ColumnarSquamous - Cuboidal - Columnar• Simple, Stratified & PseudostratifiedSimple, Stratified & Pseudostratified• Transitional in bladder only →Transitional in bladder only →• See pages 81 & 82, 84 & 85See pages 81 & 82, 84 & 85
Epithelial Tissues Epithelial Tissues (pages 81-85)(pages 81-85)
SimpleSimple Squamous (membranes) Squamous (membranes)
SimpleSimple Columnar (absorption) Columnar (absorption)
StratifiedStratified Squamous (mouth) Squamous (mouth)
StratifiedStratified Keratinized (skin) Keratinized (skin)
Connective TissueConnective Tissue
Fibrous – Supportive – FluidFibrous – Supportive – Fluid• FibrousFibrous: tendons, ligaments, membranes, matrix: tendons, ligaments, membranes, matrix• SupportiveSupportive: cartilage & bone: cartilage & bone• FluidFluid: blood: blood
Cellular ComponentsCellular Components: Fibroblasts, Mac’s, : Fibroblasts, Mac’s, Leuk’s, etc…Leuk’s, etc…
Non-Cellular ComponentsNon-Cellular Components: Collagen, Elastin, : Collagen, Elastin, GAG’sGAG’s
Fibrous Connective Tissues Fibrous Connective Tissues (pages 89-90)(pages 89-90)
LooseLoose Mesentery (fascia, visceral layers) Mesentery (fascia, visceral layers)
LooseLoose Areolar (under epithelium) Areolar (under epithelium)
DenseDense Regular (tendons) Regular (tendons)
DenseDense Irregular (dermis) Irregular (dermis)
Cartilage Tissues Cartilage Tissues (page 91)(page 91)
Hyaline (fetus)Hyaline (fetus)
Elastic (ear, nose)Elastic (ear, nose) Fibrous (discs)Fibrous (discs)
Cellular ComponentsCellular Components - chondroblasts - chondroblasts (perichondrium)(perichondrium)Non-CellularNon-Cellular - collagenous fibers & - collagenous fibers & GAG’sGAG’s
Bone Tissues Bone Tissues (page 92)(page 92)
Cellular ComponentsCellular Components - osteoblasts (build bone)- osteoblasts (build bone) - osteoclasts (remove - osteoclasts (remove bone)bone)
Non-Cellular Non-Cellular ComponentsComponents - collagen- collagen - calcified matrix- calcified matrix
StructuresStructures - lacunae- lacunae - Haversian canals- Haversian canals - lamellae- lamellae - canaliculi- canaliculi - periosteum- periosteum
Nervous Tissues Nervous Tissues (page 94)(page 94)
Cellular ComponentsCellular Components - neurons- neurons - glial cells (support)- glial cells (support)
StructuresStructures - dendrites- dendrites - axons- axons - nerve body (soma)- nerve body (soma) - brain & cord- brain & cord
Muscle Tissues Muscle Tissues (page 95)(page 95)
Cardiac (heart)Cardiac (heart) Smooth (autonomic)Smooth (autonomic)
SkeletalSkeletal (attached to (attached to bones)bones) - striated, voluntary- striated, voluntaryCardiacCardiac (heart only) (heart only) - intercalated discs, - intercalated discs, conductiveconductiveSmoothSmooth (gut, vessels, (gut, vessels, uterus)uterus) - non-striated, autonomic- non-striated, autonomic
Skeletal (voluntary)Skeletal (voluntary)
Glandular Tissues Glandular Tissues (page 96-97)(page 96-97)
ExocrineExocrine - outside body (sweat, - outside body (sweat, milk)milk)
EndocrineEndocrine - into bloodstream - into bloodstream (hormones)(hormones)
StructureStructure - cuboidal epithelia - cuboidal epithelia usuallyusually - secretory vesicles- secretory vesicles - ducts- ducts
Membranes Membranes (page 97 & 98)(page 97 & 98)
TypesTypes• cutaneous (skin)cutaneous (skin)• serous (pleura, serous (pleura, peritoneum, etc…)peritoneum, etc…)• mucous (mouth, vagina)mucous (mouth, vagina)
StructureStructure• epithelial tissue only!epithelial tissue only!• serous = 2 layers + fluidserous = 2 layers + fluid• respiratory has ciliarespiratory has cilia
Tissue Changes Tissue Changes (page 99-100)(page 99-100)
• HyperplasiaHyperplasia: : growth through cell growth through cell number increasenumber increase• HypertrophyHypertrophy: : growth through cell growth through cell size increasesize increase• AtrophyAtrophy:: cell size decrease (from cell size decrease (from lack of use usually)lack of use usually)• NecrosisNecrosis: : abnormal cell death, abnormal cell death, messymessy• ApoptosisApoptosis:: controlled cell death controlled cell death (development)(development)• FibrosisFibrosis:: scar formation scar formation• MetaplasiaMetaplasia: : change from one type change from one type into anotherinto another• NeoplasiaNeoplasia:: tumor development, tumor development, uncontrolled growth uncontrolled growth
and can be benign or and can be benign or malignant !malignant !