ALKANES•GENERAL FORMULA•MOLECULAR FORMULA•STRUCTURAL FORMULA•NAME OF EACH MEMBER
•Physical properties•Chemical properties
ALKANES•GENERAL FORMULA•MOLECULAR FORMULA•STRUCTURAL FORMULA•NAME OF EACH MEMBER
4CH
62HC
83HC
104HC
125HC
146HC
167HC
188HC
209HC
2210HC
Naming alkanes• Identify the stem
• Identify the branch (if any)
• Put numbering on the main chain
• Name the branch first, then the stem
1 2 3
propane
1 2 3 4
n-butane
1 2 3 4 5
n-pentane
Naming alkanes• Identify the stem
• Identify the branch (if any)
• Put numbering on the main chain
• Name the branch first, then the stem
12345
2- methylpentane
1 2 3 4 5
2,4- dimethylpentane
ALKANES•PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
ALKANES•CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
COMBUSTION
SUBSTITUTION REACTION
SUBSTITUTION REACTION
Example:Reaction of methane with chlorine in the presence of UV
Cl
Cl
EquationStep 1CH4 + Cl2 ---------> CH3Cl + HCl
step 2CH3Cl + Cl2 -------> CH2Cl2 + HCl
EquationStep 3CH2Cl2 + Cl2 ---------> CHCl3 + HCl
step 4CHCl3 + Cl2 -------> CCl4 + HCl
ALKANES•CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
COMBUSTIONExample :
Methane burns in excess air
C
H
H
H
H
C H H
H H
equation
OHCOOCH 2224 22