Adenine Ribose 3 Phosphate groups
ATP
Adenosine
ATP StructureATP = Adenosine TriPhosphate
High Energy Bonds
ADP ATP
Energy
EnergyAdenosine diphosphate (ADP) + Phosphate Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Partiallychargedbattery
Fullychargedbattery
Section 8-1
Figure 8-3 Comparison of ADP and ATP to a Battery
ATP-ADP Cycle
Energy Flow Chart
PLANTS BY PHOTOSYNTHESIS
In the bonds of GLUCOSE
ALL ORGANISMS
BY CELL RESPIRATION
In the bonds of ATP
active transportMuscle contraction
Protein synthesisDNA synthesis
Cell division
ALL OF LIFE’s PROCESSES!!!
Water
O2
Sugars
CO2
Light-Dependent Reactions
CalvinCycle
NADPH
ATP
ADP + P
NADP+Chloroplast
Photosynthesis: An Overview
Light
Absorption of Light byChlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b
V B G YO R
Chlorophyll b
Chlorophyll a
Section 8-2Figure 8-5 Chlorophyll Light Absorption
Photosynthesis occurs in 2 steps
Step 1 -The Light Dependent Reactions (requires sunlight;
has to happen in daytime)
Step 2 - The Calvin Cycle or the Light INDEPENDENT Reactions
(does not require sunlight; can happen any time of day)
Step 1 – Light Dependent Rxns
•What happens: light energy is absorbed, water molecules are broken
•Where: in the thylakoid of the chloroplast
•Chemically speaking: 2H2O ---> 2H2 [which goes to next step]
and O2 [given off as waste]
Step 2 - the Calvin Cycle
(the light INdependent reactions)
•What happens: glucose is produced
•Where: in the stroma of the chloroplast
•Chemically speaking:
CO2 and H2 combine to form sugar C6H12O6
Photosynthesis
includes
of
take place intakes place in uses
to produce to produce
use
Light-dependentreactions
Calvin cycle
Thylakoidmembranes Stroma NADPHATPEnergy from
sunlight
ATP NADPH O2 Chloroplasts High-energysugar
Photosynthesis Concept Map
NOTICE THIS… goes into the atmosphere!
goes into plant roots, for ex.
Write the complete chemical reaction here… reactants and products6H2O + 6CO2 → 6O2 + C6H12O6
Photosynthesis (visualized)
Sugars + O2CO2 + H2O
thylakoid membrane
stroma
chloroplast
Cellular Respiration
•Process by which potential/chemical energy in glucose is TRANSFERRED...
•The large amount of energy in glucose is “repackaged” in the bonds of ATP
…to ATP!
GlucoseGlycolysis
Cytoplasm
Pyruvic acid
Electrons carried in NADH
Krebs Cycle
Electrons carried in
NADH and FADH2 Electron
Transport Chain
Mitochondrion
Cellular Respiration: An Overview
Go to Section:
The 4 steps of aerobic respiration:
(inluces glycolysis + cell respiration)
Step 1: Glycolysis
Step 2: Pyruvic Acid Breakdown
Step 3: Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs)
Step 4: Electron Transport Chain
Step 1: Glycolysis
• What: a glucose molecule is broken into two pyruvate molecules; 2 ATP s are used, 4 are produced
•Where: in the cytoplasm [outside the mitochondrion]
•Chemically speaking:
C C C C C CC C C
ATP
ATPC C C
Step 2: Pyruvic Acid Breakdown
•Where: through the membranes of the mitochondrion
•What: the three-carbon molecules are broken into two-carbon molecules
•Chemically speaking:
C C C
C CC
ATP
C C C C
CO2
waste
C C
Step 3: Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs)
•Where: in the matrix of the mitochondrion (the liquid)
•What: the two-carbon molecules are broken into one-carbon molecules
•Chemically speaking:
C CC
ATP
CO2
waste
C C
C CC
Step 4:Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
• What: energy from Step 3 is used to pass electrons down a cascade; the final electron acceptor is OXYGEN
• Where: in the inner-membrane folds of the mitochondrion (cristae)
•Chemically speaking:
ATPO2
Figure 9–7 Electron Transport Chain
Electron TransportHydrogen Ion Movement
ATP Production
ATP synthase
Channel
Inner Membrane
Matrix
Intermembrane Space
Mitochondrion
Cell Respiration
includes
of
take place intakes place in uses
to produce to produce
uses
Section 8-3
Concept MapCell Respiration Concept Map
goes into atmosphere
Cytoplasm
Mitochondrion
Membranes (cristae)
glucose
glycolysisKrebs, Electron Transport Chain
2 ATP 36 ATP! (total)
Carbon dioxide, water
pyruvic acid electrons
pyruvic acid, electrons
oxygen
NOTICE THIS…
Write the complete chemical reaction here… reactants and products6O2 + C6H12O6 → 6H2O + 6CO2
Glucose
Glycolysis Krebs cycle
Electrontransport
Fermentation Alcoholic or lactic
acid
Chemical Pathways for Cell Respiration
Go to Section:
Without oxygen
With oxygen
Which pathway makes more ATP—with oxygen or without?
Why would a cell have the other option, then?
Notice the contrast...
• Photosynthesis• loc:• needs:
• makes:
• Cell Respiration• loc:• needs:
• makes:
chloroplasts mitochondria
energy (light), CO2 and water
energy (ATP), CO2 and water
oxygen and glucose
oxygen and glucose