Adapted from Susan Pojer at Historyteacher.net
By Kathryn Raia at msraia.com
BaroqueBaroque► 1600 – 1750.
► From a Portuguese word “barocca”, meaning “a pearl of irregular shape.”
► Implies strangeness, irregularity, and extravagance.
► The more dramatic, the better!
Baroque Style of Art & Architecture
Baroque Style of Art & Architecture► Dramatic, emotional.
► Colors were brighter than bright; darks were darker than dark.
► Counter-Reformation art.
► Paintings & sculptures in church contexts should speak to the illiterate rather than to the well-informed.
► Ecclesiastical art --> appeal to emotions.
► Holland --> Real people portrayed as the primary subjects.
St. Peter’s Basilica, Vatican
City
by Gialorenzo
Bernini
St. Peter’s Basilica, Vatican
City
by Gialorenzo
Bernini
Church of Santiago de Compostella, Spain
Church of Santiago de Compostella, Spain
Church of Veltenberg Altar, Germany
Church of Veltenberg Altar, Germany
“The Assumption of the Virgin Mary”
Egid Quirim Asam, 1692-1750
“The Assumption of the Virgin Mary”
Egid Quirim Asam, 1692-1750
Altar of Mercy, Germany, 1764
Altar of Mercy, Germany, 1764
“St. Francis in Ecstasy”Caravaggio, 1595
“St. Francis in Ecstasy”Caravaggio, 1595
“The Flagellatio
n of Christ”
by Caravaggi
o
“The Flagellatio
n of Christ”
by Caravaggi
o
“David and Goliath” by Caravaggio
“David and Goliath” by Caravaggio
“Salome with the Head of the Baptist”
by Caravaggio
“Salome with the Head of the Baptist”
by Caravaggio
“The Cardsharps”Caravaggio, 1595“The Cardsharps”Caravaggio, 1595
“The Dead Christ Mourned”
Annibale Carracci, 1603
“The Dead Christ Mourned”
Annibale Carracci, 1603
“The Virgin Appearing
to St. Hyacinthe”
Lodovico Carracci
1594
“The Virgin Appearing
to St. Hyacinthe”
Lodovico Carracci
1594
“Joseph’s Bloody Coat Brought to Jacob”
Diego Velázquez, 1630
“Joseph’s Bloody Coat Brought to Jacob”
Diego Velázquez, 1630
“Christ on the Cross”
Diego Velázquez
, 1632
“Christ on the Cross”
Diego Velázquez
, 1632
“Las Meninas
”
Diego Velázqu
ez
1656
“Las Meninas
”
Diego Velázqu
ez
1656
“St. Francis in Meditation”Francisco de Zurbarán
“St. Francis in Meditation”Francisco de Zurbarán
“St. Bonaventure on His Deathbed”
Francisco de Zurbarán, 1629
“St. Bonaventure on His Deathbed”
Francisco de Zurbarán, 1629
“The Elevation
of the Cross”
by Peter Paul
Reubens
1610-11
“The Elevation
of the Cross”
by Peter Paul
Reubens
1610-11
“The Lamentat
ion”
by Peter Paul
Reubens
1609-11
“The Lamentat
ion”
by Peter Paul
Reubens
1609-11
“Battle of the Amazons”Peter Paul Reubens
“Battle of the Amazons”Peter Paul Reubens
“A Village Fête”Peter Paul Reubens
“A Village Fête”Peter Paul Reubens
“The Garden of Love”Peter Paul Reubens, 1630-
32
“The Garden of Love”Peter Paul Reubens, 1630-
32
“The Ecstasy of
St. Theresa of
Avila”
by Gianlorenzo Bernini
1647-52
“The Ecstasy of
St. Theresa of
Avila”
by Gianlorenzo Bernini
1647-52
“A Bust of Louis XIV”by Bernini
“A Bust of Louis XIV”by Bernini
“Louis XVI”
HyacintheRigauld
“Louis XVI”
HyacintheRigauld
“A Bust of Cardinal Richelieu”by Bernini
“A Bust of Cardinal Richelieu”by Bernini
“Cardinal Richelieu”Philippe de Champaigne
[1602-1674]
“Cardinal Richelieu”Philippe de Champaigne
[1602-1674]
Baroque FurnitureBaroque Furniture
Baroque FurnitureBaroque Furniture
A Baroque RoomA Baroque Room
Baroque Music
Characteristics:– Belief that text should dominate the music;
the lyrics and libretto were most important– Composers developed the modern system of
major-minor tonalities
Claudio Monteverdi (1547-1643)
Developed the opera and the modern orchestra
Orfeo (1607) – is his masterpiece, the first opera
Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750)
Wrote dense and polyphonic structuresVariety of genres, choral, instrumental,
concertos etc.Extremely Prolific
Concerto for Two Violins: "Vivace"
George Frederick Handel (1685-1759)
Variety of genresMasterpiece The Messiah
Dutch Style Characteristics:
–Did not fit the Baroque style of trying to overwhelm the viewer
–Reflected wealth of Dutch Republic
–Reflected urban and rural settings of Dutch life during the “golden Age of the Netherlands”
Rembrandt (1606-1669)
Christ in the Storm on the Lake of Galilee, 1633
Oil on Canvas
Rembrandt
Self Portrait, 1658
The Abduction of Europa, 1632
Jan Vermeer (1632-1675)
Girl With a Pearl Earring, 1665
Jan Vermeer (1632-1675)
Woman Holding a Balance, 1665
Frans Hals (1580-1666)
Officers and Sergeants of the St Hadrian Civic Guard. c. 1633
French ClassicismNicolas
Poussin, Self Portrait, 1650 Les Bergers
d’Arcadie, 1650-55Paintings rationally
achieved harmony and balance
Focused early on classical scenes from antiquity or Biblical scenes
Later focused on landscape painting
Jean Racine (1639-1699)
DramatistPlays were
often funded by Louis XIV
Written in classical style
Dramatic Works: La Thébaïde (1664) Alexandre le Grand (1665) Andromaque (1667) Les Plaideurs (1668) Britannicus(1669) Bérénice (1670) Bajazet (1672) Mithridate (1673) Iphigénie (1674) Phèdre (1677) Esther (1689) Athalie (1691)
Jean-Baptist Moliere (1622-1673)
DramatistFocused on social
strugglesMade fun of aristocracy,
upper bourgeoisie and high church officials
Le Docteur amoureux (1658), the first play performed by Molière's troupe for Louis XIV (now lost) --The Doctor in Love