A Time To Review
Strap on your Seatbelts
I just love to review! Don’t you?
Avro Arrow• State of the Art Jet: Designed to intercept USSR
Planes if they invade Canada/USA• Cancelled by Diefenbaker in 1959 due to high
costs
Benefits for Canada:
-Scraps the Avro Arrow (expensive)
-Instead, USA allows Canada to have Bomarc nuclear missiles stationed in Canada. (To intercept USSR)
-Instead of exploding over Canadian cities, could stop USSR higher in the arctic.
Auto Pact
• January 16, 1965, Canada–United States Auto Pact signed by PM & US President.
• American Car Companies set up Branch plants in Canada.
• Eliminated tariffs on Vehicles and Parts
• For every car sold in Canada, one had to be built in Canada.
• 1968, 60% of Canadian vehicles made were shipped to the United States, and 40% of the vehicles purchased in Canada were made in the United States
The agreement benefited Canadian workers and consumers:• Lower prices & larger selection of cars. • Created thousands of jobs in the automobile industry.
Strengthened Relationship Economically.
St. Lawrence Seaway
• Link Atlantic Ocean and Great lakes• Joint Canada-US project began• 1954-59
Strengthened Relationship Economically.
*Major feat of Engineering: Locks dams, Canals, islands created/destroyed, Rapids blown up.
*Showed that the USA and Canada could work together to better their economies.
*Partnership created.
DEBT CRISISHow each government dealt with the growing federal debt…
Mulroney’s government Chrétien's government
-cut back on the role of government in the economy-give large tax breaks to corporations-give large tax breaks to wealthy citizens-these groups would put money back into the economy to help everyone else-trimmed social programs-cut tax rates to stimulate the economy
-inherited staggering $466 billion debt-inject more money into economy-create jobs so workers would inject money into economy-public works created employment
-cut federal government spending-got rid of 40 000 civil service jobs-transfers for post-secondary and health care were cut substantially-subsidies to businesses were removed
UN MISSIONS
PEACE KEEPING PEACE MAKING
Negotiating settlements and keeping warring groups apart.
Use force to punish aggressors
PERSIAN GULF: KUWAIT• When: 1990 – • Where: Iraq invades oil-rich Kuwait. • Action Taken: 1991 – UN invasion led by USA
(Operation Desert Storm)
Drew a line in the sand.
Canada’s Role in Desert Storm: Squadron of CF-18 Fighter Bombers, Units of the Canadian Army, and ships in Canadian Navy patrol the Persian Gulf.
• Response: Saddam withdraws troops• Outcome: Kuwait remains its own country, but
second gulf war comes later.• So what: USE: only superpower left. Dominates
world affairs.
YUGOSLAVIA / KOSOVO
When: 1991
Where: Serbia/Bosnia
Background: Slobodan Milosovic wants to unite Serbians from surrounding areas and strengthen control over all of Yugoslavia.
Ethnic Groups: Serbs/Croats/Muslims in Bosnia-Herzegovina take offence. Fighting ensues
Action Taken: 1992 – UN arrives. Cannot keep peace. NATO steps in.
1995- NATO Strikes Serbian Forces in Yugoslav army. Causes ceasefire; US troops sent to help UN peacekeepers.
BUT IT DOESN’T END THERE… NATO BOMBING IN KOSOVO
• Background: Kosovo: 1998: Serbs move into Kosovo. To ensure it will remain under Serb Control.
• Milosevic's Actions: Army Murders/Persecutes/Displaces Albanians.• Most in Kosovo = Albanian Muslims. • NATO responds: Air Strikes bomb Yugoslavia.
• Significance: Canada involved in the controversial mission - undermined the UN. Led Canadians to question the need for the UN and whether NATO should have undermined it.
SOMALIA• Background: UN Launches “Operation Restore Hope”• Canadian troops give food/supplies to locals
Controversy: Canadians Torture/Beat a Somali teen to death. Cover-up is uncovered.Canada is disgraced.
Significance: In 1995 – Airborne Regiment Disbanded. Canadian reputation is damaged.
RWANDA• GO OUT AND RENT HOTEL RWANDA• Background: HUTU VS TUTSI • Genocide: HUTU Mass planned killings
(with Machetes) of Tutsis. • UN Response: UN Peacekeepers sent
Under Canadian Major General Romeo Dallaire.
• Required a massive UN force in order to stop the conflict. USA won’t send help. UN allows 260 soldiers to help.
• UN Soldiers instructed not to shoot anyone. • Result: Failures in Perian Gulf, Yugoslavia,
Africa cause people to wonder what the future of the UN will be.
* Estimated number of victims of the genocide 1,174,000 in 100 days (10,000 murdered every day, 400 every hour, 7 every minute).
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r-gpw4COogo&feature=related
A Question To You
• DOES THE WORLD STILL NEED THE UN?
• WITH THE FAILURE OF SOME UN PEACEKEEPING MISSIONS WHAT WILL THE FUTURE OF THE ORGANIZATION BE?
UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon