7/21/2019 A Greek and Roman Treasury the Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin v 42 No 1 Summer 1984
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7/21/2019 A Greek and Roman Treasury the Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin v 42 No 1 Summer 1984
3/76
reek
n d
oman
Treoasuy
BY DIETRICH VON BOTHMER
Chairman
epartment
f
Greeknd
RomanArt
THE
METROPOLITAN
MUSEUM OF
ART
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
7/21/2019 A Greek and Roman Treasury the Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin v 42 No 1 Summer 1984
4/76
The
Metropolitan
Museum of Art Bulletin
Volume
XLII,
Number
1
(ISSN 0026-1521)
Publishedquarterly? 1984 byTheMetropolitanMuseumof Art,Fifth
Avenueand
82nd
Street,
New
York,
N.Y. 10028. Second-class
postage
paid
at
New
York,
N.Y.
and Additional
Mailing
Offices.
The Metro-
politan
Museum of Art Bulletinis
provided
as a benefit to Museum
members
and available
by
subscription.
Subscriptions
18.00
a
year.
Single copies
4.75.
Fourweeks'notice
required
or
change
of address.
POSTMASTER:
Send address
hanges
o
MembershipDepartment,
The
Metropolitan
Museum of
Art,
Fifth Avenue
at 82nd
Street,
New
York,
N.Y.
10028. Back ssues available n
microfilm,
rom
University
Micro-
films,
313
N. First
Street,
Ann
Arbor,
Michigan.
Volumes I-XXVIII
(1905-1942)
available s a
clothbound
reprint
et or
as
ndividual
yearly
2
Summer 1984
volumes from The Ayer Company,Publishers,Inc., 99 Main Street,
Salem,
N.H.
03079,
or from the
Museum,
Box
700,
Middle
Village,
N.Y. 11379. General
Manager
of Publications:
John
P.
O'Neill. Editor
in
Chief
of
the Bulletin:
Joan
Holt. AssociateEditor:
Joanna
Ekman.
Photography
of
the
Treasury
objects
by
Walter
J.
F.
Yee,
Chief
Pho-
tographer,
The
Metropolitan
Museum of Art
Photograph
Studio.
Design:
Bruce
Campbell.
On the
cover:
Scylla
hurling
a
rock,
a
parcel-gilt
mblema
(no.
95).
Inside
front
cover: etail of a
sword sheath
(no.
91).
Insideback over: etail
of
a
silverhandle
(no.
130).
Back
cover:
Parcel-giltpyxis
(no.
101).
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
7/21/2019 A Greek and Roman Treasury the Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin v 42 No 1 Summer 1984
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D i r e c t o r s o t e
One
of the
privileges
of
the director
of the
Metropolitan
Museum
s
to
enjoy,
with a certain
degree
of
impartiality,
he
whole of this
institution's
magnificent
ollections. I
regard
them
as
making
up
one immense
treasury.
here are
imes,
however,
when t is
impossible
o hold suchan
unbiased
iew
of thecollections.The newinstallation f GreekandRoman
gold
andsilver
objects
celebratedn thisBulletin
ausesme
to
consider he numberof enclaves
within this
immense rea-
sury
hatthemselves
bringtogether
uxurious
objects
made
of
the
most
precious
materials nd
executedwith
consum-
mate
craftsmanship.
he
splendid
church
reasuries n the
galleries
of
the
Department
of
Medieval Art
and
at The
Cloisters,
with their
refulgent
enamelsand
finely
wrought
chalices,
ome to
mind
immediately.
qually esplendent
re
the
gold
andsilver
objects
of
Pre-Columbian
ivilizations f
the
Americas
xhibited n the
MichaelC.
Rockefeller
Wing
and
the
eighteenth-century
ilver
objects
from
Franceand
Englanddisplayed n the galleriesof the Departmentof
European
Sculpture
and
Decorative
Arts.
In
other collec-
tions in the
Museum,
mportant
oncentrations
f
precious
materialshave
been
integrated
nto
their
cultural
ontexts;
these
include the
gold jewelry
and
paraphernalia
f
the
Egyptianpharaohs
and their
queens,
particularly
hose of
Dynasty
18,
exhibited in the
Egyptian
Galleriesand
the
Achaemenidand
Sasanian ilvervessels on
display
n
the
recentlycompleted
nstallation f
ancientNear
Easternart.
For
many
visitors the
Greek
and Roman
Treasury
will
provide
a
first
contactwith
thewealth
of the
ancient
lassical
world. It
will
prove
o
be a
unique
and
dazzling
experience:
on
display
here
are
not
only
magnificent
eremonial
bjects
for
offerings
to
the
gods
but also
splendid
utilitarian
nes
for
the
more
mundane
rituals of
the
banquet,
the
sym-
posium,andthetoilette.
The
foundationof
ourGreek
and
Roman
Treasury
s the
metalwork
acquired
hroughLuigi
Palma i
Cesnola
as
early
as 1874.
Since
then this
collectionhas
grown
through
gifts
by
private
individuals,
including
Walter C.
Baker,
and
throughpurchases,
mainly
hoseof the
department's
resent
chairman,
Dietrichvon
Bothmer.
An
eloquent
estimony
o
Dr.
von
Bothmer'sacumen
may
be
found in the
quality
and
range
of his
acquisitions
and in
the
exceedingly
generous
support
he
has
elicited
rom
collectorsand
other
friends
of
the
Department
of
Greek
and Roman
Art.
The
Greek
and
Roman
Treasury,
epresenting
he
glorious
culmination
of
years
of
gifts
and
purchases,
s
extraordinary
oth in the
aggregate
and in
its
individual
pieces,
as
Charles
Froom's
installation
successfully
evealsand as
the
illustrations
nd
texts n
this
publication
amply
demonstrate.
The
realization
of the
Museum's
most
recent
and
ambitious
treasury
nstallationwas
made
possible
through
the
generosity
of
Gayfryd
and Saul
Steinberg
and
Reliance
Group
Holdings,
Inc.
Mr.
Steinberg's
pecial
and
continu-
ing
interest in
the
Museum's
permanent
collections is
deeplyappreciated.
PHILIPPE DE
MONTEBELLO
Director
3
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
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7/21/2019 A Greek and Roman Treasury the Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin v 42 No 1 Summer 1984
7/76
A
G r e e k
an d R om an
T r e a s u r y
Of
the five metals deemed
precious today-gold,
silver,
palladium,
rridium,
and
platinum-only
the first
wo,
gold
and
silver,
have
been
esteemed
since remote
antiquity
and
enteredmost
languages
n a
variety
of
expressions.
We
speak
of theGoldenAge,theGoldenLegendof theSaints Legen-
daAurea),
the
golden
mean,
and the
golden
rule;
there
are
golden
hours,
golden
weddings,
and,
of
course,
the
gold
standard.
ilver,
ess
rare han
gold,
is considered econd
to
it:
the Silver
Age,
according
o
Hesiod,
was the
second,
ess
perfectage
of
the world.
Silver
n
Latin
denotes
he second
flowering
of Latin
iterature,
nd a
silver
anniversary
tands
for
twenty-five years,
as
opposed
to
fifty
for a
gold.
Together,
old
and silver
symbolize
wealth,
as in
the motto
of
the stateof Montana:
Oroyplata.
Both
metals
are
very
malleable ndtake
on a
high polish.
Their
ductility
was not known
or
appreciated
n
antiquity,
but inmodern imes thisqualityhasmade hemindustrially
valuable.
Gold
is
found either
n a
pure
stateor in
a natural
alloy,
especially
with silver
(electrum);
ilveroccurs
mostly
in lead ore
(galena)
and has to be
separated
rom
the lead
sulphide
by smelting.
Another difference
ies
in
their
ap-
pearance.
Gold,
even
when
hardened
by
the
admixture f
other
metals,
does not
tarnish,
while silver in
time turns
blackand s
subject
o corrosion.
In
antiquitygold
was firstfound and used in
Africaand
Arabia,
ater
n the land of the
Scythians,
and
especially
n
Asia Minor. In Greek
mythologyreports
of
regions
rich n
gold
were
echoed
n the storiesof Midas's
golden
touch and
the golden fleece as well as in tales of the griffins and
Arimasps.
Though
Greece herselfwas not so
fortunateas
her richer
neighbors,gold
musthave found its
way
to the
country very early,
as is
proved
by
the
many
finds of
gold
objects
n
Mycenae
and elsewhere.
n
Etruria
gold
did not
become
widespread
ntil the seventh
century
B.C.and was
probably
mined
n
northern
Italy,
while the wealthof Rome
in
gold
derived
increasingly
rom
military onquests.
Gold and silver
represented
wealth
throughout
historic
times.
Coinageoriginated
n AsiaMinor n the
middleof the
seventh
century
B.C.,
when the
ancient
cities on
the west
coast
ofAnatolia nventeda
system
based
on
the
distribution
of smalllumpsof electrum,all of the same (or nearly he
same)
weight.
These
lumps
were
furnished
with
an
identify-
ing punch
markandused asa mediumof
exchange, aking
the
place
of the earlierrade
by
barter.The
primitive
punch
marks
were
gradually eplaced
by
distinctive
symbols
of the
cities that
issued
these
electrum"coins."Later
still,
in the
reign
of
King
Croesusof
Lydia
(560-546
B.C.),
Sardis,
his
capitalcity,
ssued coins in
gold
and
in
silverrather
han
in
electrum,
with the ratio between the two
metals set at
1:13.5. This innovation introduced
bimetalism,
which in
varying
forms
continuedfor centuries
until a little over a
hundred
years ago.
While
the
monetary
value of
gold
and
silver and their
parity
has
changed
frequently,
heir
prices
(and
heirsometimeswild
fluctuations)
re till
determining
economicfactors.
In this
Bulletin ver
a
hundred asesand
utensils-mostly
madeof silver-are
illustrated nddescribed.
They span
wo
and a half
millennia nd
represent
he
holdings
of the
Greek
and Roman
Department,
ow
exhibited or
the
first ime in
a
gallery
adjacent
o
the
Great
Hall. In
terms
of
collecting,
the choice of
objects
published
here also illustrates
the
growth
of
the
Department,
n little
more than a
hundred
years,
from the
acquisition
by
subscription
of the
Cesnola
collection of
Cypriot
antiquities
n
1874
to
the last
pur-
chasesof
two
years
ago.Geographically
he
new
exhibition
coversmost of
the areas
nd
periods
n
the
careof
the
Greek
and RomanDepartment, romCyprus n the southeastern
Mediterraneano the
Cyclades
and
other
Greek
slands,
o
Ionia and
beyond
the
Greek
mainland,
and,
in
the
West,
o
Italy
and
Magna
Graecia.
ome
of
the
objects
have
recorded
find
spots,
but
many
more can
only
be ascribed o an area
and
dated to
a
stylistic
period.
Not all
periods
are
equally
well
represented
n the
Museum,
and
there
s
relatively
ittle
gold.
No
modern
museum
can
pretend
o
give
a
fair
cross
section of
what was
once
visible n the
great
Greek
sanctu-
ariesof
Delphi
and
Olympia
or even n
the
temple
reasuries
of the
Acropolis
at
Athens. The
very
value of
the
metal
brought
with it the
seeds of its own
destruction,
or better
put, its conversion. n times of needgold andsilverobjects
were
melted down to
pay
for the
necessitiesof
life or
arma-
ments,
and a
lost war
inevitably
ed to
plunder-either
the
legitimate
booty
of
the
victor,
who in
Roman imes
proudly
paraded
t in
a
triumphal
procession
before
turning
t over
to the
state,
or
the
private
oot of
soldierson a
rampage.
Looting
could at
times
be
avoided
by
burying
treasures
before an
invasion,
but
the
rightful
owner couldnot
always
be sure of
his own
survival and
thus of
recovering
his
property
once
hostilities
had ceased.
Indirectly,
however,
buried
objects
stood a
better chanceof
preservation,
or
if
discovered
by
chance
wo
thousand
years
ater
they
were
(at
least in most cases)not melted down but enteredpublic
collections.
Many
of
the
hoardsof
Roman silver
found
in
Britain,
France,
Germany,
nd
Switzerlandwithin
the
last
two
centuries
were hus
spared
he
fateof the
treasure
ound
at
Trier n
1628,
which
was
promptly
melted
down,
or the
Wettingen
ind
of
1633,
which was
parceled
ut
among
the
Swisscantons
andhas
disappeared.
Most of
our
ancient
plate
is
tableware-cups,
pitchers,
bowls, ladles,
and
the
like-and
thereforeresembles
much
post-classical
old
and
silver.Also
included
n our
collection
Oppositepage:
refoiloinochoe
(no. 35)
5
7/21/2019 A Greek and Roman Treasury the Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin v 42 No 1 Summer 1984
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Bucchero
(black
clay)
bowl with heads
n relief.
Etruscan,
ixth
century
B.C.
Rome,
Museo Nazionale
di
Villa Giulia
are
mirrors,
osmetic
boxes,
anda
comb,
aswellas an ncense
burner
hat need not
havebeen a cult
vessel,
but was
prob-
ably
used at
home.
Silver
and
gold
dedicated
o the
gods
did
not differ
appreciably
n form and
workmanship
rom the
table
silver
only
the richcould afford
o haveat their
sump-
tuous
banquets.
Earliest
among
the
silver vases
from Greece
in
the
Museum
are wo
shallow
bowls
(nos.
1,
2),
reportedly
rom
Phiale with
heads
(no. 16)
6
the
island
of
Euboea,
found with a
gold
cup
and a
silver
phiale
hat are
both
now
in the Benaki
Museum
n
Athens.
The
decoration
on the
two silverbowls
and
the
gold
cup
is
purely
linear-vertical
lines,
chevrons,
and
hatched
tri-
angles-and
resembles heornamentation
f
contemporary
pottery.
A
similar,
hough
somewhat maller ilver
dish
was
found
in
a
tomb
on
Amorgos,
and
it
is
thought
that
these
metalbowls
are
Cycladic
ndshouldbe
dated
between3000
and
2300 B.C.Two
gold cups
(nos.
3,
4)-a
kantharos nd
a
goblet-are
Mycenaean
of
about
1500
B.C.
Considerably
later,of the eighthto the sixth century
B.C.,
are the three
bowls from
Cyprus
nos. 9-11):
one,
in
gold,
betrays trong
Egyptian
nfluence;
one in
silver,
with
a central ondo of
a
winged
divinity slaying
a lion and two
narrative
zones,
represents
curious
amalgam
f
Egyptian
and Phoenician
motifs.
The earliest ilver
phiale
mesomphalos
no. 12)
is
purely
Greek,
of the
sixth
century
B.C.,
though
the
shape
and
schemeof
decorationhad
long
been traditional
n
the Near
East. Another
sixth-century
ilver
vessel,
a situla
(no.
15),
wasmeant o becarried
by
the
swinging
handle,
perhaps
s
a
cult
object;
t is saidto come
fromthe
Troad.
On pages24 to 45 our archaicEast Greeksilver s intro-
duced,
an
assembly
f over
fifty
vasesand
utensils hat have
been
acquired
patiently
over the course
of fifteen
years.
The
many
different
objects
were
evidently
made
by
Ioniancrafts-
men for
rich clients
on
the
eastern
periphery
of
Greece
at a time
(before
the
Persian
onquest
of
Asia
Minor)
when
Greekculture
lourishedon both
sides
of
the
Aegean
Sea,
and
when Greek
workmanship
was
appreciated
s fareast as
Persepolis.
Some
of
the
objects
show
Eastern,
ven
Persian
Oppositepage:
etail
of
silver-gilt
bowl
(no. 10)
7/21/2019 A Greek and Roman Treasury the Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin v 42 No 1 Summer 1984
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7/21/2019 A Greek and Roman Treasury the Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin v 42 No 1 Summer 1984
10/76
tasteandPersianmotifs were
freely
borrowed.
Others,
how-
ever,
notably
the
large
silver
oinochoai with
sculptural
adjuncts nos. 35-38),
are
purely
Greek
n
both
shape
and
style.
The two
phialai
with Persianheads
worked
separately
and
attached o the walls
(nos.
16,
17)
shouldbe
singled
out
for
special
comment,
or
they
correspond
o a
type
ofphiale
until now
known
only
from
a
temple
inventory
on
Delos.
Eachof the
hollow
headscontainsa
quantity
of
tiny
bronze
pellets
that
produce
a
rattling
sound when
the
object
is
moved. Persian onnections
are also evidenton a
silver-gilt
phiale(no. 18) thatportrays he greatkingmarchingo the
left
between each lobe and on
another
(no. 19),
somewhat
smaller,
hat shows the Persian
king
killing
a lion.
Other
phialai
are
ornamentedmore
sparingly,
but
while we
have
some
pairs
hatwere
obviously
meant
as
such,
there
s
much
variety
n both
shape
and decoration.
The silveroinochoe
(no. 35)
with the
handle n the
shape
of a
naked
youth bending
backward,
his
long
hair
falling
over
the
rim
of the
vase,
follows a
type
known in
bronze
from
Cyprus
n
the East to
Spain
in the West. The
youth
Silver bowl
(no.
19)
holds the tails of two recumbent ions
on the
rim,
while his
feet rest on a
palmette
flanked
by
two rams. A second
oinochoe
(no.
36)
employs
a decorative chemeknown
also
frombronze
hydriai.
The
upper
end of the
handle erminates
in a lion's
head,
its mouth
opened
as
if
to
permanently
replenishhe liquid nside the vase,on the analogyof water
spouts
in fountainhouses or
along
the roofs of
Greek em-
ples.
The finialat thelowerendof thehandle akes he
shape
of
the head and
forelegs
of a
panther.
Two
other wine
jugs
(nos.
37,
38)
have carinatedbodies. The
handles
erminate
above
in
animal
heads
that
seem to bite into
the
lip
of
the
vase.
One
of
the two
carinated
jugs
has a
frontal
headof Bes
as its lower
finial.
Similarly
ariedare
four silveralabastra
nos. 45-48).
In
each the
body
is
divided into
several
zones,
which on
the
Goddess with
scepter
and
phiale. Red-figured ekythos
(oil
container).
Attic,
c. 470 B.C.
Fletcher
Fund,
1928
(28.57.11)
8
7/21/2019 A Greek and Roman Treasury the Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin v 42 No 1 Summer 1984
11/76
F pp
This
representation
f
a
drinkingparty
ncludes
many
of
the
objects
n the
Treasury.
rawing
by Lindsley
E Hall of
red-figured
ylix (drinkingcup).
Attic,
c.
490-480
B.C.
Rogers
Fund,
1920
(20.246)
finestof them
(no.
45)
are
engraved
with
animals ndabattle
scene hatrecalls he
style
of
Clazomenian
painted
erracotta
sarcophagi.
Engraved igural
decoration
also occurs on a
silver
skyphos
of
typically
Lydianshape
(no. 49)
and on a
small ilverbowlfromCyprus no. 13).
Among
the
eight
EastGreek ilver
adles n the collection
(see
nos.
59-64),
again
no
two
are
alike.One of
them
(no.
59)
is
particularlyumptuous:
he
loop
on
top
is formed
by
two
eagle-griffins,
nd the faceted
handle erminatesbelow
in a
winged
lion that
seemsto dive into
the bowl while two
sphinxes, culptured
ully
n the
round,
watch.
Most
of
the EastGreek ilver
objects
were
ntended o be
used for
banquets,
of
which
we have
manyrepresentations
on vases and
reliefs.There are two strainers
nos.
66,
67)
through
which
wine was
poured
nto
drinking ups; hey
are
in silverand
their
handles,
ike those on some of the
ladles,
are
decoratedwith animal
heads,
here
a
duck
and
a
calf.
Of
the
other
utensils used on such
occasions,
two incense
burners houldbe noted.One (no. 69, of bronze) s in the
shape
of
a
cup
attached o a
long
rod,
its
perforated
onical
cover
hinged
o the
rod
by
meansof
a
leaping
animalwith its
head turned
back. This incense burner ollows an ancient
Egyptian
radition: t was held n a horizontal
position
by
a
servant
or
attendantwho would walk
through
the rooms
with it. The other incense
burner
no.
68),
made of
silver,
was no
doubt set
on a table. Its
lid,
likethe one
in
bronze,
s
tiered and
perforated,
but instead
of
being
hinged
it was
secured to the
stand
by
a
small chain. The cover
is sur-
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Detailof
gold phiale
no.
86)
mounted
by
an
exquisite
statuette
of
a
cock,
the
style
of
which resembles
that of the cocks
engraved
on the shoulder
of
one
of
the silver
alabastra
(no. 45).
Such
a
small incense
burner
occurs,
not
by
coincidence,
on the
fragment
of a
black-figured hydria
in Athens that was found at Clazo-
menae on the west coast of Asia Minor.
Libation scene.
Red-figured
stamnos
(wine jar).
Attic,
c.
480
B.C.
Fletcher
Fund,
1956
(56.171.50)
To the
realm of cosmetics
belongs
a
rectangular compart-
mented
makeup
box of
silver
(no. 70).
One
of the
dividing
walls is notched to hold a
special
cosmetic
spoon,
and the
box's cover does not
open
on a
hinge
but
swivels horizon-
tally
and
is
held locked
by
a
movable
stud. The heads
of
the
swivel and
the
locking
stud are
gilt,
as are five additional
ornamental studs in the center and
on the four corners.
When the
box is
closed
properly,
anyone
unfamiliar
with the
locking
mechanism would have a
difficult time
opening
it.
Also from Eastern Greece, but almost two centuries later,
is
a
group
of five
vessels
from
Prusias,
in
Bithynia
(nos.
72-76).
The
situla,
or wine
bucket,
is of
bronze,
as befits
a
vase that
is
carried back and
forth from
the kitchen
or
pantry
to
the
dining
room. The
other
objects-a
strainer,
a
ladle,
a
kylix,
and
a
phiale-are
of silver.
Prusias
on
Hypios,
for-
merly
called
Kieros,
was a Greek
settlement
in
a
notoriously
hostile
country,
and
the Prusias
find is indeed of Greek
workmanship, closely
related to that on
the
many
metal vases
found more
recently
in Northern Greece
and Macedonia.
Slightly
later and of unknown
provenance
is
a
group
of five
silver
objects (nos. 81-85)-a
cup (kylix),
a
bottle,
a
pyxis,
a
scraper (strigil), and ajar (that once had a handle and served
as a
pitcher).
The
bottle,
the
pitcher,
and the
pyxis
have
ornamental bands enhanced
by gilding.
A
gold
libation bowl
(no.
86),
or
phiale,
is not
only
one
of
the rarest but
also
one of
the most beautiful
objects
in
the
exhibition. The chief decoration
is three circles
of
acorns
and
a
fourth
of
beechnuts,
each
containing
thirty-three
ele-
ments.
In
addition,
thirty-three
bees are
depicted
in the
interstices of the row of acorns
nearest
the
edge
of the
bowl,
and the collar around the
omphalos
is decorated
with fifteen
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circumscribed
palmettes.
Acorns as decoration
on
phialai
were
traditional,
as we learn
not
only
from inventories
of
temple
treasures,
but
also from a
fragmentary old
phiale
now in
Warsaw hat
was
found
on
Cyprus
n a late
sixth-
century
omb and romRoman
copies
of the
caryatids
f
the
fifth-century
rechtheum
n
the
Acropolis
n
Athens.
There
is
nothing
in the decorationon the
gold
phiale
in
the
Museum hat allows us to date it
precisely,
ut the
Cartha-
ginian nscription
n
the bottom
s
engraved
with
characters
that
epigraphers ssign
to
the third
century
B.C.
Since
this
inscriptionmayhave
been
added ater, t only
furnishes
us
with a
terminus
post
quem
non.
Two
other
richly
decorated
phialai
nos.
89,
90),
said
to
have been found
together,
were hammered
over
the
same
die. On each of them the
broaderouter band shows the
apotheosis
of
Herakles
n
a
cortege
of four
chariots,
while
the narrow nner
zone around he
omphalos
hows the
gods
feasting
on
Olympus.
It had
long
been held that these two
phialai,
f
which
fragmentary
eplicas
r
adaptations
xist
n
the British
Museum,
were
made
of
silver,
but
not
long
ago
an
examination
prompted by
our Italian
colleagues
revealed
themto
be madeof silvered
in. The
spirited
horses
drawing
the
chariots
point
to a date n the latefifth
century
B.C. that
seems
o
be
supportedby
the
allegation
hat
the
two
phialai
were
found
together
with
an Attic
red-figured
alyx
krater,
now at
Oxford,
by
the Dinos Painter.
Somewhat ater than the silvered-tin
phialai
s
a
bronze
mirror
no.
88)
attached o a
wooden backand
framed
by
a
cast
silver-gilt
circularband
decorated
n
openwork
with
birds
and floral rinceaux.
The mirror s said to have
been
foundin
Olbia,
n
South
Russia,
as is
a
silver-gilt
bowl
(no.
87)
that,
like the
mirror,
s from the
collection of
Joseph
Chmielowski.This
bowl,
considerably
ater han
the
mirror,
illustrates ow the
classical
Greekmotifs-here Erotes
fly-
ing against
a
background
of acanthus
eaves,scrolls,
and
fan-shaped
palmettes-become
increasingly
ebasedat
the
periphery
f the
Hellenistic
world.
South
Russian,
too,
is the
decorated
gold
plate
of a
Scythian
sword
sheath
(no. 91),
the
companion
piece
to
which
was
found in
Chertomlyk
between
1859
and
1863;
the
two
differ
only
in
the
treatmentof
the animals n
the
triangular
op
section. It
has
long
been
held hatmuchof
the
Pyxis
withconical
over
no. 108)
"Scythian"
old
andsilverwas
worked
by
Greek
craftsmen
and
this
assumption
has
now been
confirmed
by
the
discov-
ery
of
a
gold
quiver
of
"Scythian"
hape
n
thefamous
omb
at
Vergina
n
Macedonia.
From the far Northeast we now turn to the West,to
Magna
Graecia.A
tomb
discoveredn
1895 at
Montefortino
(see
nos.
110-114),
near
Ancona n
central
Italy,
ncluded-
in
addition
to iron
spits
and sword
blades,
bronze
and
ceramic essels-five
silver
vases:a
two-handled
deep
bowl,
a
ladle,
a
pitcher,
and
two
stemless
cups.
The
silver
vases
are
clearly
f
West
Greek,
perhaps
Tarentine,
workmanship
nd
must
have
beenlooted
somewhere
lse in
southern
Italy
by
Detail of sword
sheath
(no. 91)
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kylix;
one
ladle;
one shallow
phiale
decoratedwitha twelve-
pointed
gilt
star around
the
omphalos;
one small
pitcher
with a
theatrical
mask,
not unlike
those
on
the
buckets,
n
high
relief below the
handle;
one
tripod pyxis
with a
deco-
rated
id;
one small
portable
altarwith
different
receptacles
for
various
offerings;
two
horns,
perhaps
rom a
helmet
madeof
bronzeandnow
destroyed;
nd,
astly,
he
emblema
of
a
cup
or
pyxis
lid
decorated n
high
reliefwith a frontal
Scylla.
Several eatures onnectthis
group stylistically
with
V M
=2
tX,the
amous
Tarentine
treasure,
once the
property
of
g-~~ _ _ \lEdmondde Rothschildbut not seen sinceWorldWarII,
which, n
turn,
shares ome of the
stylistic
conventionswith
a
find
mostly
ofterracottavases rom
Albania,
ne of which
closely
resembles he two silver buckets
(nos.
105,
106)
in
the
Museum.
Parallels
or the
polygonal
markings
on the
t ?
Ijl
a
Xhemispherical
ilverbowl
(no. 97)
canbe foundon
clay
vases
~-------
i
.1 1from Corinth
nd
Pergamon.
,
]-
- f
l The
sacking
of
Syracuse
n
211B.c. and of Taranto wo
-c wyears
later ed
to
large-scale
ooting
of
the
two
most
impor-
tant Greek
ities n
Magna
Graecia,
ut the
booty
carried ff
to Rome at the same
ime
opened
the
eyes
of
the Romans o
Apollo
andArtemis
erforming
libation.
Red-figured
elike storage
vessel).
Attic,
mid-fifth
enturyB.c. Rogers
Fund,
1906
(06.1021.191)
the Gallic
soldier n whose tomb
they
werefound.
Another
group
of
early
Hellenisticsilver
objects
(see
nos.
107-109)
came
o
light
in an Etruscan omb at
Bolsena,
n
Italy;
t also
containeda finebronzemirrorand ivebronzevessels,
hree
iron candelabra,ire rakesandtongs, andirons, ix undeco-
rated vases
made of local
clay,
two Etruscan
black-glazed
vases, twelve small
erracottaballs
(a
set for a
game),
and a
gold ring.
The
bronzes,
iron
utensils,
and terracotta
ases
are
clearly
Etruscan,
but the three silver
objects,
a
pyxis,
a
perfumeamphoriskos,
nda
strigil,
must
havebeen
imports
(probably
from
Apulia),
to which the Etruscan
inscription
Skyphos
(no. 116)
"suthina"
"for
the
tomb")
was
added before
they
were
buried.
The floral
ornamentson the
insides of the two
stemless
cups
fromMontefortino
(nos.
112,
113)
arenot too far rom
the floral
detailson the
amphoriskos
nd
pyxis
romBolsena
(nos. 107, 108), which supports an attribution of both
groups
to
a
workshop,
or a
workshop
radition,
of
Magna
Graecia.The same
attribution,
possibly
more
narrowly
o
Taranto,
an be
made or fifteensilver
objects
of
great plen-
dor
acquired by
the Museum in 1981
and 1982
(nos.
92-106):
two silver
buckets,
eachwith three
supports
n the
shape
of theatrical
masks;
hree
deep
bowlswith
separately
worked
eaf-rosettes
nside n the
center;
one
hemispherical
bowl with two
engravedgilt
wreaths
on the outside and
polygonal grooves
on the
body;
one
deep-bowled,
stemless
Spouted itcher
no. 118)
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the
beauty
of Greekart. Fromthenon
great
wealth
poured
into
Rome,
not
only
from
Magna
Graecia
but
also,
in the
second
century,
rom Asia Minor and Greece
and,
after he
battleof Actium,fromEgypt.The bestdescriptionof the
almostunbelievable
display
of wealth at a Hellenistic
court
in
the
third
century
B.C.
is
the account
by
the writerKalli-
xeinosof the
greatprocessionorganized
by King
Ptolemy
I
Philadelphus
n Alexandria
n
271/270
B.c.: the
weight
of
the
gold cups
alone
is
given
as three
hundredtons.
One
cannot
help
but
wonder what
happened
o all those
trea-
sures.Muchof the
gold
andsilvermusthave ound ts
way
o
Rome.
The
Museumowns
parts
of two late Roman
Republican
hoards.
The
more
complete,
of
thirty
pieces-a
veritable
ministerium,
as the Romans
called
a silver table service-is
divided between the FieldMuseumof NaturalHistory in
Chicago
and the
Metropolitan
(see
nos.
115-124).
The
hoard,
said to
havebeen found
near
Tivoli,
was
bought
by
EdouardWarneckn the late nineteenth
century.
Afterthe
deathof Warneck's
idow the silverwas offered at auction
in Paris n
1905,
in one
lot;
it was
boughtby
a
dealer
who the
next
year
sold
part
of
it
(a
mug,
a
platter,
ix
dishes,
a
shell,
and eleven
spoons)
to a
Chicago
collector.
Manyyears
ater
the remainder
two
cups,
a
spouted
pitcher,
a
ladle,
and
six
spoons)
went
to
New York.The
majorpieces
of this
set,
the
cups,
the
mug,
the
ladle,
and
the
dishes,
are
engraved
with
the name
of
the
owner,
a certain
Sattia,
daughter
or wife)
of
Lucius;
he
platter
bears
he nameof Roscia.The dish n the
shapeof a halfshell s alsoinscribed,but the namesareonly
partially egible.
These
nscribed asesarealso
markedwith
the
weights,
a
practice
not
uncommon n
antiquity.
The two
cups
(nos.
116,
117)
invite
comparison
with
the
similar
though plainer,
cup
(no.
98)
from
the
early
third-century
hoard,
and
the
ladle is still in
the traditionof
the fourth-
century
adle
from Prusias
(no.
72).
The
spouted
pitcher
(no.
118),
however,
s a new
shape
and
relatively
are.Its
troughlike spout
corresponds
somewhat to the Roman
encyclopedist
M.
Terentius
Varro's
description
f atrulla
or
truella),
a
diminutive
oftrua,
the Latin
word for
gutter,
and
this
shape
has
thereforeat times
been calleda
trulla.
The secondRomanhoard,considerablymaller han the
Tivoli
one,
is
said o
havebeenfound nearLake
Trasimenen
central
Italy.
Though
t too has
been
dispersed,
he
Museum
is fortunate o
have
acquired
wo
pieces:
a
pair
ofstrigils
on a
ring
(no.
125)
and a
combination
comb and
pin
(no. 126)
with
engraved
ecoration
depicting
a lion
hunt.
Roman
silver of
the
Imperialperiod
is less well
repre-
sented n
the
Museum,
or
there s
nothing
n
New
York hat
can be
compared
o the HildesheimTreasuren
Berlin,
the
Boscoreale
ilver n the
Louvre,
he
BerthouvilleTreasure
n
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the Cabinet
des
Medailles,
or the silver
rom the House
of
Menander
in
Pompeii.
The cast handles
(nos.
130,
131)
of
two
very
large
dishes,however,
f the secondand
third
centuries
A.D.,
are
eloquent
illustrations
of excellent
ater
Roman
silver
work.
The earlier
f the
two
handles
hows,
in
relief,
a
lion hunt in a mountainous
andscape.
The
second
handle
is somewhat
ater
and the
technique
s
different
n
that
the
higher
parts
of the
relief were
cast
separately
nd
inserted
or
spliced
nto cut-out
depressions.
Here the
sub-
ject
is the
Indian
triumph
of
Bacchus
n a chariot
drawn
by
two lionesses.
The
story
of Greekand
Roman ilver
does
not,
of
course,
end
with the
last
pieces
in this
Bulletin
or
with the
exhibi-
tion.
Visitors
o the
newly
opened
gallery
may
well wish
to
explore
he late
antique
gold
andsilver
n the
parallel
allery
south
of the
great
taircase
hat
s devoted
to
early
Christian
art and
contains he fabulous
Cyprus
plate,
or the
Egyptian
galleries
o the north that
exhibitmuch
gold
and
silver
rom
Ptolemaic
Egypt.
On the
second
floor toward
the
south,
gold
and
silver
plate
from the
ancient
Near
Eastwill
round
out
the
splendid
tory
of ancient oreutic
art,
of which
the
Greek
and
Roman
Treasury
s
one of
the
finest
chapters.
DIETRICH
VON
BOTHMER
Chairman
Department
f
Greek
ndRomanArt
14
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17/76
A
G r e e k
a n d
o m a n
T r e a s u r y
The
installation
f
the
Greekand
Roman
Treasury
s
made
possible
hrough
he
generosity
of
Gayfryd
nd
Saul
Steinberg
and
Reliance
Group
Holdings,
Inc.
7/21/2019 A Greek and Roman Treasury the Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin v 42 No 1 Summer 1984
18/76
v-
-N-'
*-
.
-
-1
-
t
,
1,2.
Pairof silverbowls. Said o havebeen
found
together
on
Euboea.
Cycladic,
a. 3000-2300 B.C.Left:
height
4.8
cm;
diam-
eterca. 19.6
cm;
weight
439.2
grams.Bequest
f Walter
C.
Baker,
1971
(1972.118.152).
Right:height
5.8
cm;
diameter a. 24.6
cm;
weight
709.5
grams.
Purchase,
oseph
Pulitzer
Bequest,
1946
(46.11.1)
These wo shallow
ilverbowls
may
be
termed orerunners f the
libationbowls
called
phialai
n
Greek.Metal
vasesof the
Cycladic
periodareveryrare, nd t isnotsurprisinghatgoldandsilver,
whicharesuchmalleable
metals,
predominate.
The decoration
n the shoulder f the
somewhat maller ish
differs rom hat
on
the
larger
ne
by
having
hree ieldsof vertical
lines
(eleven,
nine,
andeleven
respectively)
etween
hreewider
fields
of
chevrons.
The rimof the
larger
bowl flares ut and he neck s vertical.The
decoration
s limited o the shoulder.Four
oblong
fieldsof vertical
strokes
nineteen
n
each
ield,
except
or
one
that
has
only eigh-
teen)
alternate
ith
four
others,
somewhat
wider,
hatare
com-
posed
of five
triangles
ach.The
triangles
rehatched.
Bibliography:
GreekArt
fthe
Aegean slands,
979,
pp.
63-64
(with
previous
references).
7/21/2019 A Greek and Roman Treasury the Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin v 42 No 1 Summer 1984
19/76
3.
Gold
kantharos
drinking up).
Said
o
triccircles n
slight
relief
on
the
bottom.
In
be fromThebes.
Greek,
a.
1500-1375
B.C.
shape
his
kantharos esembles ne found
n
Height
to
top
of handles8.6
cm;
height
o
ShaftGrave
V
of
Mycenae,
he so-called
rim 7.2
cm;
width 17.07
cm;
weight
71
Minyan
kantharos.
he
shape
occursas
grams.
Rogers
Fund,
1907
(07.286.126)
early
as the MiddleHelladic
period
andre-
. .
ait1 L jnerl
n
nai lr
fLth in rlir n In mrn1e l frar
The
body
of the
cup
was raised rom
a disk
of sheet
gold;
the two handles
with
rolled
edges
wereworked
separately
ndattached
with
gold
rivets.
The handles redecorated
with leaf
patterns.
There
are
hree
concen-
4. Gold
cup.
Said o
havebeen found
at
Mycenae.
Greek,
a.
1500
B.C.
Height
5.5
cm;
diameter
a.
7.95
cm;
weight
27
grams.
Gift
of
WalterC.
Baker,
961
(61.71).
Ex
coll.
Alfred
Andre
No
exact
parallel
s known or this
gold cup,
whichmusthavehad a
loop
handle imilar
to those on the morecommon
drinking
cups
of
gold
andsilver ound
n
the
shaft
graves
f
Mycenae.
Bibliography:
E.
Davis,
The
Vapheio
ups
andAegean
Gold
and
Silver
Ware,
977,
pp.
326-27,
no.
149,
fig.
266.
lll illllll
uVuUlda Ul
LI
LLI
xidy
1U
lllLdl1UL
over a thousand
years.
Bibliography:
E.
Davis,
The
Vapheio upsandAegean
Goldand Silver
Ware,
977,
pp.
324-25,
no.
147,
figs.
263-264.
17
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5-8.
Four silver
vases from
Cyprus.
Purchased
by
subscrip-
tion,
1874-1876.
Ex coil.
L. P. di Cesnola
5. Oinochoe
(wine
jug).
Cypriot,
eventh
entury
B.C.
Height
15.
cm;
diameter
.6
cm;
weight
271
grams.
74.51.4592)
The
lip
is
trefoil,
andthehandle
s
formed
by
two
reeds.
The
neck
set off
from he
body
by
a
pronounced
welt.
Bibliography:
TheSwedish
yprus
xpedition,
,2
(1948),
p.
160,
fig.
33,
no.
14;
B.
Shefton,
Die
"rhodischen"Bronzekannen,
979,
p.
58,
note
120
(with
previou
references).
6. Goblet.
Cypriot,
ixth
century
B.C.
Height
8.1
cm;
diameter
f
mouth
10.4
cm;
weight
123
grams.
(74.51.4566)
The
wine
cup
has
a rounded
bottom
and
a
flaring
im
and
resemb
Near Eastern
oblets.
Bibliography:
.
L.
Myres,
Handbook
theCesnola
Colection,1914,
p.
466,
no. 4566.
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7. Oinochoe.
Cypriot,
seventh
century
B.C.
Height
17.8
cm;
diame-
ter 12.63
cm;
weight
347
grams.
(74.51.4586)
The form of
Cypriot
silver
jugs,
with a
globular body,
a
flaring
mouth,
and a
drip ring
on the
neck,
closely
resembles that of the
pottery
vases of
Cypriot
make. The
edges
of
the cast handle are
decorated with a
herringbone pattern.
Bibliography:
TheSwedish
yprus
xpedition,
,2
(1948),
p.
160,
fig.
33,
no. 13.
8.
Skyphos
(wine
cup). Cypriot,
sixth to
fifth
century
B.C.
Height
8.2
cm;
diameter
13.26
cm;
width
13.37
cm;
weight
681
grams.
(74.51.4581)
The
skyphos
has
an offset
lip
and was
probably
cast
ratherthan raised.
Bibliography:
The
Swedish
yprus
xpedition,
,2
(1948),
p.
160,
fig.
33,
no. 12.
9-11.
Three bowls
from
Cyprus.
Purchased
by subscription,
1874-1876.
Ex coll. L. P. di
Cesnola
9.
Gold
bowl,
decoratedin
repousse. Cypriot,
eighth century
B.C.
Height
4.9
cm;
diameter
of
rim 14.2
cm;
weight
122.27
grams.
(74.51.4551)
The decoration
is
organized
in
concentric bands:
around
a
small
central
boss,
thirty-six tongues; halfway
up
the
bowl,
a
papyrus
thicket with seven
swimming
ducks;
below
the
rim,
another
papyrus
thicket
with bulls
pursuing
fallow deer
across the
marshes;
all have their
legs
in the water.
Bibliography:
E.
Gjerstad,
n
OpusculaArchaeologica,(1946),
pp.
3,13
f.,
pl.
12.
19
,r
'e
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10.
Silver-gilt
bowl.
Cypriot,
eventh en-
tury
B.C.
Height
3.3
cm;
diameter 6.9
cm
weight
155
grams.
74.51.4554)
The bowl
belongs
o
a
class
called
Cypro-
Phoenician
nd
within t to the
second
phase.
n
a
medallion
n the center
a four-
winged deity
n
Assyrian arb
killsa
ram-
pant
ion
with
his
sword.
Behind
him hove
two
Egyptian
alcons.The tondo
is sur-
rounded
by
a narrative one
in
Egyptiani
ing
style
bordered
by
cable
patterns.
A
kneeling
archer
imsat a lion that
has felle
a
hunter
and s attacked y
anotherhunter
poising
a
spear.
Next comes a
grazing
hors
separated y
a tree
fromanother
ion that
hasthrownan
Egyptian
o the
ground.
Afteranother ree comes
a
seated
phinx
and,
again
ramed
by
trees,
wo confronte
bulls;
wo
bulls
walking
o the
right
and
a
cow and
calfconclude he
scene.This nar-
row zoneformsthe
predella,
s
it
were,
of
the chief
zone,
which s
larger
n scale.
Thi
outer
zone
is dividedrather
rregularly
y
conventionalized sacred
rees,"
lanked
once
by
an
Egyptiangoddess,
hen
by
two
sphinxes,
wo
goats,
two
griffins,
and-
interspersed
with the
group
of
an
Egyptia
slaying
a lion in a forest-an
Assyrian
ill-
ing
a
griffin,
a
pharaoh
lubbing
hree
cap
tives n the
presence
f a falcon-headed
o
and a
young Egyptian
pearing
winged
monster.The outer
border
s formed
by
uprightpalmettes.
The
Egyptian
hiero-
glyphs
on
the
panels
do not
make ense.
This
curious
mixture f
Egyptian
and
Mesopotamian
motifs
is
not
atypical
f
Cypriot
art
of the
archaic
period,
andwe
may
neverbe
able o
put
in focus
theartis
personality
esponsible
or this
amalgam
forms
and
motifs.
What
s
very
clear,
how
ever,
hanks o
the
perspicacity
fT.
B. Mi
ford,
is
the
identity
of the
first
owner
of
the bowl:
Akestor,king
of
Paphos,
had
his name nscribedbelowtherim n the
Cypriot
yllabary.
t a later
ime
the bowl
changed
hands,
probably
fter498
B.C.
when
Paphos
was
plundered
y
the
Persia
and heir
Cypriot
allies,
and he
new
owne
added,
again
near
he
rim,
butfarther
o th
left:
"I
belong
to Timukretes."
Bibliography:
T.
B.
Mitford,
in
University
of
London,
Institute
of
Classical
Studies,
Bulletin10
(1963),
pp.
27-30,
pls.
4-7
(with
previous
bibliography).
11.Silverbowl.
Found
on
Cyprus
(Kourion).Cypriot, arly
ixth
century
B.C
Height
4.6
cm;
diameter
5.5
cm;
weight
82
grams.
74.51.4552)
Unlikethe two
previous
Cypriot
bowls,
th
one
is not in
repousse
r in
relief,
but
merely
ncised.An
inscription
n West
Cypriot
or
Paphian)
yllabary
dentifies
both
the owner
(Epiorwos)
and
the
name
of the
shape phiale).
The
decoration
on-
sistsof
a
central
ixteen-petalled
osette
o
lowed
by
two
bands
of
which
the
lower
represents papyrus
hicket
and he
upper
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a curious
grouping
of
paired
heraldic
sphinxes, riffins,
winged
cobras,
alcon-
headed
divinities,
and alcons.
n
addition
thereare solated
birds
anda
divinity
with
four
wings.
The
lettering
s
part
of the
design
and
appears
n an area
deliberately
left
empty
or the
inscription
next o
a
big
water
bird.
The
groups
are
separated
y pal-
mettes, otuses,apalm ree,and wo decid-
uous trees
as well as
by
a
highlystylized
"sacred ree."
The
style
of the
engraving
s
what
has
been termed
Cypro-Egyptian,
ut
the coex-
istence
of
the
many
different
details
makes
t
clear hat he
engraver
was not
an
Egyptian
but
a local artist.
Bibliography:
O. Masson,
in Bulletinde
Correspon-
dance
Hellnique,
104
(1950),
pp.
225-31
(with
pre-
vious
bibliography
n the
inscription);
E.
Gjerstad,
in
OpusculaArchaeologica,
(1946),
pp.
3,13 ff,
pl.
14
(on
the
style).
12. Silver
phiale
mesomphalos.
Greek
(per-
haps
Rhodian),
late seventh
or
early
sixth
century
B.C.
Height
4.5
cm;
diameter
22.07
cm;
weight
422
grams.
Classical
Purchase
Fund,
1981
(1981.11.13)
This
is
the
earliest
of
the
Museum's
tradi-
tional
phialai
with the
pronounced
omphalos
(navel)
or central
boss,
the
hollow
underside of which furnished a securegrip
for two
fingers
while the
phiale
was tilted to
pour
a
libation.
The wall
of
the
phiale
is
decorated
by
twelve
radiallyarranged
styl-
ized lotus blossoms.
The
omphalos
was
cov-
ered
by
another
layer
that was
equipped
with
a
brim
or collar and
was worked
sepa-
rately;
this
added member
was
gilt.
The
boss has in
its center a small
raised disk from
which sixteen
tongues
or flutes
descend
radially
over
the
side. The brim or collar is
embossed
with
animals
or monsters: two
sphinxes
couchants are followed
(clockwise)
by
a bull
facing
a
lion,
a
boar
facing right,
a
bird
on a
flower,
and a
panther facing
left.
Between the
animals,
tendrils
spring
from
the
ground
line or are
suspended
from the
circular
top
border.
Not
many
Greeksilver
phialai
mesom-
phaloi
are known
from this time-one
in
Berlin, said to be from Asia Minor, and two
from
Kameiros
on Rhodes-but this is the
only
early
one that has animals in addition
to the floral
ornaments,
which
help
in
the
dating
of the
object.
Bibliography:
The
Metropolitan
useum
fArt
Annual
Report
980-1981,
p.
37;
idem,
Notable
Acquisitions
980-1981,
p.
11
(ill.).
21
,%A\.
,
0.1.
r-
L
r
I
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13. Silverbowl. From
Cyprus.Cypriot,
?
sixth
century
B.C.
Height
5.5
cm;
diameter
'
10.3
cm;
weight
82
grams.
Purchased
by
subscription,
1874-1876
(74.51.4562)
Ex
coil.
L. P. di
Cesnola
On
the offset
lip
thirteen birds are
engraved
marching
to the
right.
The
body
is
deco-
rated with
forty-four
tongues
or
ribs radiat-
ing
from
the
depression
on the
bottom
that^
'
"
-
forms
the
omphalos. Engraved
decoration
occurs in
the
archaic
period
not
only
in Per-
..
..
.
[
s
sian metalwork but also on East Greek silver ' "
vases
(compare
nos. 45 and
49).
'..
" "
Bibliography:
A.
Oliver,
Jr.
Silverfor
he
Gods,
Toledo,
f
1977,
p.
24,
no.
1
(with
previous
eferences).
14. Silver bowl.
Found in
Sardis.
Greek,
sixth
century
B.C.
Height
5.6
cm;
diameter
of mouth 11.44
cm;
weight
147.3
grams.
Gift of The American
Society
for the
Explo-
ration
of
Sardis,
1926
(26.164.13)
The
lip
is
sharply
set off from
the
body
of
the
bowl,
which is
decorated on the shoul-
der
by
two
grooves.
15. Silver itula
pail)
with
swinging
hand
Said o be
fromtheTroad.
Greek,
ixthcen
tury
B.C.
Height,
with
bail
upright,
19.5
cm;
height
to rim 13.3
cm;
diameter 4.3
cm;
weight
630
grams.
Bequest
of Walter
C
Baker,
971
(1972.118.153)
The
body
of the situla
s
ribbed,
and he
shoulder s
decoratedwith
a
bandof
forty-
eight
small
rosettes.The
swinging
handle
terminatesn
smallanimal
heads
perhaps
snakes).
The vessel
s
equipped
with a
smal
ring
base.No exact
parallels
re
known,
bu
the
shape
anddecoration
betray
a
strong
Achaemeniannfluence.
Bibliography:
AncientArt
rom
NewYork
PrivateCo
lections,
961,
p.
12,
no.
56,
pl.
100.
22
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'k
,
II
I
c,
iI
l*
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16,17.
Pair
of
silver
phialai.
Greek,
ixthce
tury
B.C.
Left:
height
6.3
cm;
diameter
12.46
cm;
weight
232
grams.
Purchase,
Mrs.
CharlesS.
Payson
Gift,
1966
(66.11.21).
Right:
height
6.3
cm;
diamete
12.57
cm;
weight
243
grams.
Rogers
Fund
1966
(66.11.22)
Eachhasa shallowomphalos,anoffsetlip,
and
engraved
ongues
on
the lower
part
of
the bowl
(bordered
boveon
no.
16
[left]
by
a
circle
of
punched
dots).
Between he
l
and
he
tongues,encircling
he
bowl,
are
attached
eighteen
beardedheads hat are
hollow
andsoldered
onto
the
wall
of the
bowl.
Whensome of the headsbecame
detached,
t was discovered hat nsidewer
tiny
bronze
pellets
hat
produce
a
rattling
soundwhen the
cup
is liftedandmoved.
On
the
bowl
of no.
16
an
engraved
and
of
rosettes
occurs
above he headsat the
junc
tion of
lip
and
shoulder,
nd
stylized
rosettesare
engraved
t the interstices f
the heads.
The
heads
havea
pronounced
Oriental
castandconform o our association
f Per
sian
eatures.
No
other
such
phialai
are
known
today,
but
a "silver
phiale
with Per-
sianheads" s mentioned n one of the
Delian
temple
nventories.
Bibliography:
M.
Vickers,
nJHS
90
(1970),
p.
201
D.
von
Bothmer,
"Les
Tresors
de
l'orfevrerie
de
la
Gr&ce
rientale
au
Metropolitan
Museum de
New
York,"
n
Academie
des
Inscriptions
et Belles-Let-
tres,
Comptes
endus,
1981,
pp.
195, 196,
fig.
1.
24
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18.
Silver-gilt hiale.
Greek,
ixth
century
B.C.
Height
3.7
cm;
diameter
5.23
cm;
weight
245.4
grams.
Purchase,
Rogers
Fund,
Anonymous
Gift,
andHalina
and
John
Klejman
Gift,
1968
(68.11.14)
The
shape
of the
phiale
s of
the
so-called
Achaemenian
type-offset
flaring ip,
hol-
low
omphalos-but
the decoration
s most
unusual.
The ten
projecting
obes
or bosses
arenot
worked
n
repousse
as,
for
example,
on nos. 28 and
29)
but
are
separately
am-
meredandattached
o
the wallof the
bowl
in speciallypreparedrooves.Theplain
lobes resemble
n
contour
and
volume he
similarly
ttached
Persian eads
on nos. 16
and 17.The intervals
between
he lobes
are
decorated
with
gilt
a
jour
reliefs f the Per-
sian
king
walking
o the
left in full
regalia.
His feet areset
on two
eagle
heads
placed
heraldically
ack o back hat
surmount
drop-shapeding
decorated
with an
ivy
leaf
below.
Bibliography:
D.
von
Bothmer,
"Les
Tresors
de
l'orfevrerie
de laGrce orientale
au
Metropolitan
Museum de
New
York,"
n
Academie
des
Inscrip-
tions et
Belles-Lettres,
Comptes
endus,1981,
pp.
195-96,
fig.
2.
19. Silver
bowl,
with
omphalos.
Greek,
sixth
century
B.C.
Height
4.5
cm;
diameter
10.56
cm;
weight
89
grams.Rogers
Fund,
1975
(1975.11.4)
This small
drinking
bowl is
technically
related o the
silver-gilt hiale
no. 18)
but
somewhat ruder nd ess well
preserved.
Six hollow andshallow obes alternate
with
six
plaques
f
the
Persian
king killing
a lion.
The reliefzoneisbordered bove
by
a nar-
row
band
of
engraved
atched
riangles
nd
below
by
a similarbandof doublehatched
triangles.Halfwaybetween he lowerband
and he
depression
f the
omphalos
s
a
cir-
cular ow of
punched
irclesand
on the
edge
of
the hollow
of the
omphalos
band
of incised
herringbones.
The two bowls with
applique
eliefs
nos.
18
and
19)
may
be
compared
o a
phiale
n
the British
Museum
WAD135571)
hat
has
eight
small
plaques
f a
rampant
es-
headed
winged
ion between
eight
obes.
The
latter,however,
renot addedbut
in
repousse.
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20-24. Five silver bowls.
20.
Silver
phiale.
Greek,
ixth
century
B.C
Height
4.8
cm;
diameter
7.0
cm;
weight
271
grams.
Fletcher
Fund,
1968
(68.11.6
21.
Silver
phiale.
Greek,
ixth
century
B.C
Height
4.7
cm;
diameter 7.4-17.65
cm;
weight
302.3
grams.
Purchase,
Anonymo
Gift,
1970
(1970.11.16)
Whilenot anexact
pair,
hesetwo libation
bowls are
obviously
contemporary
nd h
workof thesamesilversmith.Both,more
over,
hare
a
similar
lightlyengraved
mon
gram
n the hollow
of the
omphalos.
n
termsof
style they
are
similar o
the
phial
of the
so-calledAchaemenian
type
(nos.
2
and
29)
illustrated
n the
oppositepage.
All
four
havenine
lobes
alternating
with
nine
stylized
otuses.
22.
Silver
phiale.
Greek,
ixth
century
B.C
Height
4.5
cm;
diameter 4.6
cm;
weight
265
grams.
Purchase,
Rogers
Fund,
Anon
mous
Gift,
andHalina
and
John
Klejman
Gift,
1969
(69.11.10)
The
seventy-sixongues
on
the outside
of
the lowerpartof the bowl arechased,asa
the
three
carinations n the shoulder.
23. Silverwine
cup.
Greek,
ixth
century
B.C.
Height
4.9
cm;
diameter
0.85
cm;
weight
161
grams.
Purchase,
Anonymous
Gift,
1967
(67.11.17)
The
decoration,
imited
o
the
outside,
s
chased. t consists
of a
sixteen-petalled
o-
sette surrounded
y
a circle
of
beading
on
the
bottom
and
eighty-two ongues
on th
convex
part
of
the
bowl;
above
he
flutes,
just
below the
offset
lip,
isa circleof
kymatia
nd
eggs.
The rosette
s
a
forerun
ner of the similar neson thebottomsof
nos.
75,
78,
and 79.
24.
Silver
phiale.
Greek,
ixth
century
B.C
Height
4.1
cm;
diameter 4.9-15.1
cm;
weight
206.9
grams.
Purchase,
Rogers
Fund,
Anonymous
Gift,
and Halina
and
John
Klejman
Gift,
1968
(68.11.9)
As
on
no. 22 the
eighty-seven
ongues
on
the outsideare
chased,
and
here
s
an
engraved
irclearound he
depression
f t
omphalos.
n
addition,however,
his
phia
has
thirty-eight ongues
chased
on
the
inside,
surrounding
he
omphalos,
he
underside f
whichhas ncised etters
Al
thatmaybe thebeginningof a Greeknam
and a
complexmonogram.
26
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29/76
25-29. Five silverphialai. Greek, sixth
century
B.C.
25. Offset
lip,
shallow
omphalos,
carination
on
shoulder,
ninety-five
lightly
chased
tongues
on the outside.
Height
3.25
cm;
diameter 17.0
cm;
weight
210
grams.
Classical
Purchase
Fund,
1980
(1980.11.13)
26. Offset
lip,
small
omphalos,
small
tongue
pattern
on
shoulder,
thirty-two tongues
on
body. Height
4.25
cm;
diameter 15.67
cm;
weight
205
grams.
Purchase,
Rogers
Fund,
Anonymous
Gift,
and
Halina and
John
Klej-
man
Gift,
1968
(68.11.8)
27. Continuous
convex
contour,
deep
omphalos
with collar
consisting
of
sixty-one
chased
tongues.
The outside
is
plain.
Height
3.8
cm;
diameter 18.0
cm;
weight
409
grams.
Purchase,
Anonymous
Gift,
1970
(1970.11.15)
29. Same
type,
but smaller.
Height
3.2
cm;
diameter 13.92
cm;
weight
154
grams.
Rogers
Fund,
1966
(66.11.20)
Phialai with
flaring
rims or
offset
lips
(nos.
25,
26, 28,
29)
are
commonly
called the
Achaemenian
type, though
it is
by
no means
certain
that
all
were made
by
Persians.The
pure
Greek
shape
is
represented
by
no.
27,
and
in
Attic
pottery
occurs as
early
as
the
sixth
century
B.C.A somewhat flatter
and
much
lighter
silver
phiale
in the Indiana
University Art Museum (ace. no. 69.102.2;
A.
Oliver, Jr.,
Silverfor
he
Gods,
1977,
p.
25,
no.
2)
shares
its
system
of
decoration with
no.
27. The combination of carination on
the
shoulder
and
tongues
below
(no. 25)
continues well into the fourth
century
and
occurs on
drinking cups
(see
no.
77).
28.
Flaring
rim,
small
omphalos,
nine lobes
separated by
nine lotuses.
Height
4.2
cm;
diameter 17.7
cm;
weight
210.5
grams.
Rogers
Fund,
1966
(66.11.19)
27
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30/76
30. Silver
phiale.
Greek,
ixth
century
B.C.
G.
Bastis,
Mrs.ThomasS.
Brush,
Winslow
Carlton,
andMrs.
James .
Rorimer
Gifts,
1969
(69.11.11)
The
phiale
has an offset
lip
andan ornamen-
tal band
of
somewhat
irregular
ongues
below the
junction
of
lip
and
body.
An
owner's
monogram
shownhere)
s
t
engraved
n one side
of
the
lip;
on
the
opposite
side there
s another
graffito.
'=
31,32.
Two
deep
silver
phialai.
Greek,
ixt
centuryB.C.Left:height6.5 cm;diamete
15.84
cm;
weight
254.2
grams.Right:
height
5.8
cm;
diameter 4.06
cm;
weight
231.4
grams.
Purchase,
Anonymous
Gift,
1970
(1970.11.19,18)
Thesetwo libationbowls ntroduce
urth
variations.
The
one
on the
right
has
ninet
eight
short
tongues
chased
on
its shoulder
and
ninety-two ong,
narrow eaves hat
radiate romareserved and
around
he
hollow
of the
omphalos,
which s inscribe
with a lambda.The
larger
f the
two
bowl
on the
left,
has
only
eighty-nine
hort
tongues
below the
junction
of
lip
andshou
two Greek etterschiand ota.
33.
Deep
silver
bowl.
Greek,
ixth
century
B.C.
Height
5.65
cm;
diameter
2.24
cm;
weight
253
grams.
Purchase,
Anonymous
Gift,
1973
(1973.11.8)
34. Shallow
ilverbowl.
Greek,
ixthcen-
tury
B.C.
Height
3.7
cm;
diameter 6.36
cm;weight
237
grams.Purchase,Anony-mous
Gift,
1973
(1973.11.9)
These
wo
handsome,
hough
totally
undecorated,
owls
were
acquired
ogether
_l
with a
plain
silver
itula
no. 53),
a
plain
sil-
-i___
ver adle
(no.64),
and he
smaller
f our
l
two silver
trainers
no.
67);
presumably
he
five
objects
were
found
together.
28
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31/76
35. Silver refoiloinochoe.
Greek,
ixth
century
B.C.
Height
to
top
of handle18
cm;
to
top
of rim
17.3
cm;
diameter
.55
cm;
weight
623
grams.Rogers
Fund,
1966
(66.11.23)
The
body
of the
jug
is
raised,
while thefoot
andhandlearecast
separately
nd
oined
o
the vasewithsolder.The
shoulder nd he
foot are
decoratedwith
tongues,
and here
is
a circleof
beading
at
the
junction
of the
foot and he
body;
a
kymation
s chasedon
the
edge
of
the
mouth.The handle s in the
shapeof a nakedyouthbendingbackward,
his
long
hair
falling
nto the mouthof the
vase.His feet reston a
separately
ast ower
attachmenthat
terminates elow n a
hang-
ing palmette;
he
lateral
projections
re
wo
recumbent ams n
high
relief,
heirheads
turned oward he viewer.These wo rams
correspond
o two couchant
ions
placed
back o backon the rimon
either ide of the
headof the
youth,
who
grasps
heir ails.
The schemeof
the handlewith a
yo