A 2.01 -- Matter 1
2.01 PowerPoints There are 3 PowerPoints in this
packet. Matter Physical Changes Energy & Heat Transfers
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Matter
A 2.01 -- Matter 3
Matter A pure substance or a mixture Composed of one or more elements that
are displayed on the periodic table The periodic table; a tabular way to
display all known chemical elements To provide a framework to classify and
compare chemical elements Food is matter
A 2.01 -- Matter
Physical Changes
Food is matter-A pure substance or mixture
A 2.01 -- Matter 5
Physical properties Thermodynamics -- effect of change in
temperature, pressure, and volume (canning) Heat transfer -- the passage of thermal
energy from a hot to a cold body (cooking and cooling)
Microwave -- passing microwave radiation through food and water, fat, and sugar so they absorb energy (cooking)
Texture Appearance
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Why study physical changes?
Physical changes are crucial in: Product development Process design Shelf life
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Physical changes to matter
Physical changes to matter involve: Changing shape/size – crushing ice Changing temperature – boiling ice Changing phase – melting ice
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Changing its Shape or Size
Chopping Slicing Mashing Grinding
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Changing the Temperature
Change the temperature of matter without changing its chemical identity – heating and cooling.
Examples include pasteurization and rapid cooling.
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Changing Phase: Three states of matter are:
Solid -- ice Liquid -- water Gas – steam
Physical change in the state of matter that does not change the molecular structure.
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Changing Its Phase Phase is a physical
change in state of matter that does not change the molecular structure.
The three states of matter – solid, liquid, and gas.
A 2.01 -- Matter
Energy and Heat Transfer
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What Is Energy?
Types of energy Mechanical Chemical Electrical Radiant Nuclear
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What makes a machine to perform work.
Examples include: Hand mixers Water wheel Flour mill
Mechanical Energy
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Chemical Energy As bonds break or
form between atoms, chemical energy is generated.
Examples include: Using ice and salt
to make ice cream. Digestion of foods.
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Electrical Energy Movement of electrons Transported through wires
to where needed. Easily changed to heat or
mechanical energy. Examples include:
Electrical home appliances – stove, refrigerator, dishwasher
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Radiant Energy Energy transmitted
in the form of waves through space or some medium.
Examples: Microwave oven Sun Charcoal grills Gas flames
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Nuclear Energy Splitting or combining
atoms of certain elements which give off radiation.
Examples: X-rays in medicine Nuclear power Irradiation – food
preservation
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What Is Heat? Definition – An energy transfer
from one body to another caused by a temperature difference between the two bodies.
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Three Ways Heat is Transferred
Conduction Convection Radiation
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Conduction
Heat (or energy) is transferred by molecular collisions.
Example: Cooking foods in an
oven.
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Convection
Heat (energy) is transferred through molecular collisions and and currents.
Heat (energy) is more rapid than conduction.
Example: Food cooked in boiling
water.
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Radiation Heat (energy)
is transferred by light waves through space.
Examples: Sunlight Microwave
A 2.01 -- Matter 24